id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5a68b5b58476ee001a58a78b | Genocide | Genocide has become an official term used in international relations. The word genocide was not in use before 1944. Before this, in 1941, Winston Churchill described the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as "a crime without a name". In that year, a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin, describ... | What year was the word "genocide" known until? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a68b5b58476ee001a58a78c | Genocide | Genocide has become an official term used in international relations. The word genocide was not in use before 1944. Before this, in 1941, Winston Churchill described the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as "a crime without a name". In that year, a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin, describ... | What is defined as a specific set of violent crimes that are committed against a certain group with the attempt to remove the entire group from existence or to increase them? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a69525a5ce1a5001a9695b6 | Genocide | Genocide has become an official term used in international relations. The word genocide was not in use before 1944. Before this, in 1941, Winston Churchill described the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as "a crime without a name". In that year, a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin, describ... | When was the phrase "prisoners of war" first used? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a69525a5ce1a5001a9695b7 | Genocide | Genocide has become an official term used in international relations. The word genocide was not in use before 1944. Before this, in 1941, Winston Churchill described the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as "a crime without a name". In that year, a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin, describ... | What is the definition of "prisoners of war"? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a69525a5ce1a5001a9695b8 | Genocide | Genocide has become an official term used in international relations. The word genocide was not in use before 1944. Before this, in 1941, Winston Churchill described the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as "a crime without a name". In that year, a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin, describ... | Who coined the phrase "prisoners of war"? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a69525a5ce1a5001a9695b9 | Genocide | Genocide has become an official term used in international relations. The word genocide was not in use before 1944. Before this, in 1941, Winston Churchill described the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as "a crime without a name". In that year, a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin, describ... | The phrase "prisoners of war" was unknown until what year? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a69525a5ce1a5001a9695ba | Genocide | Genocide has become an official term used in international relations. The word genocide was not in use before 1944. Before this, in 1941, Winston Churchill described the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as "a crime without a name". In that year, a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin, describ... | In 1941, how did Raphael Lemkin refer to the mass killings of Russian prisoners of war? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
573344334776f419006607d2 | Genocide | The word genocide was later included as a descriptive term to the process of indictment, but not yet as a formal legal term According to Lemming, genocide was defined as "a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people, a process that could be accomplished through total annihilation as well as strategies that elimi... | Prior to being a formal legal term, how was the word "genocide" used in an indictment scenario? | {
"answer_start": [
37
],
"text": [
"as a descriptive term"
]
} |
573344334776f419006607d3 | Genocide | The word genocide was later included as a descriptive term to the process of indictment, but not yet as a formal legal term According to Lemming, genocide was defined as "a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people, a process that could be accomplished through total annihilation as well as strategies that elimi... | Who ultimately defined genocide as a series of strategies leading up to the annihilation of an entire group? | {
"answer_start": [
137
],
"text": [
"Lemming"
]
} |
573344334776f419006607d4 | Genocide | The word genocide was later included as a descriptive term to the process of indictment, but not yet as a formal legal term According to Lemming, genocide was defined as "a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people, a process that could be accomplished through total annihilation as well as strategies that elimi... | Lemming's concept of genocide triggered legal action in which realm? | {
"answer_start": [
476
],
"text": [
"international relations and community"
]
} |
573344334776f419006607d5 | Genocide | The word genocide was later included as a descriptive term to the process of indictment, but not yet as a formal legal term According to Lemming, genocide was defined as "a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people, a process that could be accomplished through total annihilation as well as strategies that elimi... | What was the nationality of anthropologist Peg LeVine? | {
"answer_start": [
636
],
"text": [
"Australian"
]
} |
573344334776f419006607d6 | Genocide | The word genocide was later included as a descriptive term to the process of indictment, but not yet as a formal legal term According to Lemming, genocide was defined as "a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people, a process that could be accomplished through total annihilation as well as strategies that elimi... | What relative term did LeVine coin to refer to cultural destruction, without the death of its members? | {
"answer_start": [
689
],
"text": [
"\"ritualcide\""
]
} |
5a68b6d18476ee001a58a792 | Genocide | The word genocide was later included as a descriptive term to the process of indictment, but not yet as a formal legal term According to Lemming, genocide was defined as "a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people, a process that could be accomplished through total annihilation as well as strategies that elimi... | Who ultimately defined genocide as a strategy leading up to the war of an entire group? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a68b6d18476ee001a58a793 | Genocide | The word genocide was later included as a descriptive term to the process of indictment, but not yet as a formal legal term According to Lemming, genocide was defined as "a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people, a process that could be accomplished through total annihilation as well as strategies that elimi... | What term was coined to describe the increase of culture? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a68b6d18476ee001a58a794 | Genocide | The word genocide was later included as a descriptive term to the process of indictment, but not yet as a formal legal term According to Lemming, genocide was defined as "a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people, a process that could be accomplished through total annihilation as well as strategies that elimi... | What kind of scienctist was ignored by Peg LeVine? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a68b6d18476ee001a58a795 | Genocide | The word genocide was later included as a descriptive term to the process of indictment, but not yet as a formal legal term According to Lemming, genocide was defined as "a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people, a process that could be accomplished through total annihilation as well as strategies that elimi... | What elements of group existence, other than people themselves, can never be targets of genocide? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a68b6d18476ee001a58a796 | Genocide | The word genocide was later included as a descriptive term to the process of indictment, but not yet as a formal legal term According to Lemming, genocide was defined as "a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people, a process that could be accomplished through total annihilation as well as strategies that elimi... | How was the word "genocide" forbidden to be used in an indictment scenario? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a6953ed5ce1a5001a9695c0 | Genocide | The word genocide was later included as a descriptive term to the process of indictment, but not yet as a formal legal term According to Lemming, genocide was defined as "a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people, a process that could be accomplished through total annihilation as well as strategies that elimi... | Who ultimately defined genocide as a series of strategies leading up to the annihilation of indictment? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a6953ed5ce1a5001a9695c1 | Genocide | The word genocide was later included as a descriptive term to the process of indictment, but not yet as a formal legal term According to Lemming, genocide was defined as "a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people, a process that could be accomplished through total annihilation as well as strategies that elimi... | Lemming's concept of genocide triggered cultural identity in what realm? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a6953ed5ce1a5001a9695c2 | Genocide | The word genocide was later included as a descriptive term to the process of indictment, but not yet as a formal legal term According to Lemming, genocide was defined as "a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people, a process that could be accomplished through total annihilation as well as strategies that elimi... | Prior to being a formal legal term, how was the word "society" used in an indictment scenario? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a6953ed5ce1a5001a9695c3 | Genocide | The word genocide was later included as a descriptive term to the process of indictment, but not yet as a formal legal term According to Lemming, genocide was defined as "a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people, a process that could be accomplished through total annihilation as well as strategies that elimi... | What was the nationality of anthropologist Lemming? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a6953ed5ce1a5001a9695c4 | Genocide | The word genocide was later included as a descriptive term to the process of indictment, but not yet as a formal legal term According to Lemming, genocide was defined as "a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people, a process that could be accomplished through total annihilation as well as strategies that elimi... | What term was coined to describe the destruction of basic existence? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
573350a0d058e614000b5840 | Genocide | The study of genocide has mainly been focused towards the legal aspect of the term. By formally recognizing the act of genocide as a crime, involves the undergoing prosecution that begins with not only seeing genocide as outrageous past any moral standpoint but also may be a legal liability within international relatio... | What has been the primary focus in the study of genocide? | {
"answer_start": [
58
],
"text": [
"legal aspect of the term"
]
} |
573350a0d058e614000b5841 | Genocide | The study of genocide has mainly been focused towards the legal aspect of the term. By formally recognizing the act of genocide as a crime, involves the undergoing prosecution that begins with not only seeing genocide as outrageous past any moral standpoint but also may be a legal liability within international relatio... | In prosecuting genocide, what must the act be formally acknowledged as? | {
"answer_start": [
131
],
"text": [
"a crime"
]
} |
573350a0d058e614000b5842 | Genocide | The study of genocide has mainly been focused towards the legal aspect of the term. By formally recognizing the act of genocide as a crime, involves the undergoing prosecution that begins with not only seeing genocide as outrageous past any moral standpoint but also may be a legal liability within international relatio... | In a general aspect, what is genocide viewed as? | {
"answer_start": [
387
],
"text": [
"the deliberate killing of a certain group"
]
} |
573350a0d058e614000b5843 | Genocide | The study of genocide has mainly been focused towards the legal aspect of the term. By formally recognizing the act of genocide as a crime, involves the undergoing prosecution that begins with not only seeing genocide as outrageous past any moral standpoint but also may be a legal liability within international relatio... | In trials of genocidal crimes, what responsibly party is difficult to prosecute? | {
"answer_start": [
568
],
"text": [
"officials in power of a state or area"
]
} |
573350a0d058e614000b5844 | Genocide | The study of genocide has mainly been focused towards the legal aspect of the term. By formally recognizing the act of genocide as a crime, involves the undergoing prosecution that begins with not only seeing genocide as outrageous past any moral standpoint but also may be a legal liability within international relatio... | Long before genocide was established as a legal term, what treaty was in place to protect various groups from persecution and mass killings? | {
"answer_start": [
657
],
"text": [
"the Peace of Westphalia"
]
} |
5a68b8038476ee001a58a7a6 | Genocide | The study of genocide has mainly been focused towards the legal aspect of the term. By formally recognizing the act of genocide as a crime, involves the undergoing prosecution that begins with not only seeing genocide as outrageous past any moral standpoint but also may be a legal liability within international relatio... | What has been the lesser focus in the study of genocide? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a68b8038476ee001a58a7a7 | Genocide | The study of genocide has mainly been focused towards the legal aspect of the term. By formally recognizing the act of genocide as a crime, involves the undergoing prosecution that begins with not only seeing genocide as outrageous past any moral standpoint but also may be a legal liability within international relatio... | Why is genocide often punished? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a68b8038476ee001a58a7a8 | Genocide | The study of genocide has mainly been focused towards the legal aspect of the term. By formally recognizing the act of genocide as a crime, involves the undergoing prosecution that begins with not only seeing genocide as outrageous past any moral standpoint but also may be a legal liability within international relatio... | What year was the Peace of Westphalia signed for the second time? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a68b8038476ee001a58a7a9 | Genocide | The study of genocide has mainly been focused towards the legal aspect of the term. By formally recognizing the act of genocide as a crime, involves the undergoing prosecution that begins with not only seeing genocide as outrageous past any moral standpoint but also may be a legal liability within international relatio... | What is genocide not viewed as? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a68b8038476ee001a58a7aa | Genocide | The study of genocide has mainly been focused towards the legal aspect of the term. By formally recognizing the act of genocide as a crime, involves the undergoing prosecution that begins with not only seeing genocide as outrageous past any moral standpoint but also may be a legal liability within international relatio... | Who was the Peace of Westphalia designed to eliminate? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a69562b5ce1a5001a9695ca | Genocide | The study of genocide has mainly been focused towards the legal aspect of the term. By formally recognizing the act of genocide as a crime, involves the undergoing prosecution that begins with not only seeing genocide as outrageous past any moral standpoint but also may be a legal liability within international relatio... | In trials of legal crimes, what responsibly party is difficult to prosecute? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a69562b5ce1a5001a9695cb | Genocide | The study of genocide has mainly been focused towards the legal aspect of the term. By formally recognizing the act of genocide as a crime, involves the undergoing prosecution that begins with not only seeing genocide as outrageous past any moral standpoint but also may be a legal liability within international relatio... | Long before genocide was established as a legal term, what treaty was in place to protect the military? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a69562b5ce1a5001a9695cc | Genocide | The study of genocide has mainly been focused towards the legal aspect of the term. By formally recognizing the act of genocide as a crime, involves the undergoing prosecution that begins with not only seeing genocide as outrageous past any moral standpoint but also may be a legal liability within international relatio... | In prosecuting the military, what must the act be formally acknowledged as? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a69562b5ce1a5001a9695cd | Genocide | The study of genocide has mainly been focused towards the legal aspect of the term. By formally recognizing the act of genocide as a crime, involves the undergoing prosecution that begins with not only seeing genocide as outrageous past any moral standpoint but also may be a legal liability within international relatio... | What has been the primary focus in the study of the military? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a69562b5ce1a5001a9695ce | Genocide | The study of genocide has mainly been focused towards the legal aspect of the term. By formally recognizing the act of genocide as a crime, involves the undergoing prosecution that begins with not only seeing genocide as outrageous past any moral standpoint but also may be a legal liability within international relatio... | In a general aspect, what is the military viewed as? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
57335849d058e614000b5896 | Genocide | After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides. In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution... | In which war-era country was the Holocaust immortalized? | {
"answer_start": [
55
],
"text": [
"Nazi Germany"
]
} |
57335849d058e614000b5897 | Genocide | After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides. In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution... | Following World War II, whose bid was successful in establishing the worldwide acceptance and the nascent legal definition of genocide? | {
"answer_start": [
117
],
"text": [
"Lemkin"
]
} |
57335849d058e614000b5898 | Genocide | After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides. In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution... | Which group convened officially for the first time in 1946? | {
"answer_start": [
268
],
"text": [
"United Nations General Assembly"
]
} |
57335849d058e614000b5899 | Genocide | After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides. In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution... | While recognizing genocide, what did the UN General Assembly fail to do in its resolution? | {
"answer_start": [
400
],
"text": [
"provide a legal definition of the crime"
]
} |
57335849d058e614000b589a | Genocide | After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides. In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution... | In 1948, what general assembly resolution established genocide as a prosecutable act? | {
"answer_start": [
482
],
"text": [
"the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide"
]
} |
5a68b8b08476ee001a58a7b0 | Genocide | After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides. In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution... | Whose bid was not successful in establishing the worldwide acceptance and the nascent legal definition of genocide? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a68b8b08476ee001a58a7b1 | Genocide | After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides. In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution... | What did the UN General Assembly do in its resolution? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a68b8b08476ee001a58a7b2 | Genocide | After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides. In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution... | What general assembly resolution never established genocide as a prosecutable act? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a68b8b08476ee001a58a7b3 | Genocide | After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides. In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution... | Which war-era country was the Holocaust mortalized? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a68b8b08476ee001a58a7b4 | Genocide | After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides. In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution... | Which group convened officially for the first time in 1948? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a6957a45ce1a5001a9695d4 | Genocide | After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides. In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution... | Following World War II, whose bid was successful in the crime of genocide? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a6957a45ce1a5001a9695d5 | Genocide | After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides. In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution... | While recognizing genocide, what did Nazi Germany fail to do in its resolution? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a6957a45ce1a5001a9695d6 | Genocide | After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides. In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution... | In 1948, what general assembly resolution established universal acceptance as a prosecutable act? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a6957a45ce1a5001a9695d7 | Genocide | After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides. In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution... | In which war-era country was the CPPCG immortalized? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a6957a45ce1a5001a9695d8 | Genocide | After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides. In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution... | Which group eonvene officially for the first time in 1948? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
573392e24776f41900660d9c | Genocide | The first draft of the Convention included political killings, but these provisions were removed in a political and diplomatic compromise following objections from some countries, including the USSR, a permanent security council member. The USSR argued that the Convention's definition should follow the etymology of the... | Which provision was initially included in the first write-up of the Convention and then removed? | {
"answer_start": [
43
],
"text": [
"political killings"
]
} |
573392e24776f41900660d9d | Genocide | The first draft of the Convention included political killings, but these provisions were removed in a political and diplomatic compromise following objections from some countries, including the USSR, a permanent security council member. The USSR argued that the Convention's definition should follow the etymology of the... | What is one of the countries that objected to the inclusion of political killings in the early version of the Convention? | {
"answer_start": [
194
],
"text": [
"USSR"
]
} |
573392e24776f41900660d9e | Genocide | The first draft of the Convention included political killings, but these provisions were removed in a political and diplomatic compromise following objections from some countries, including the USSR, a permanent security council member. The USSR argued that the Convention's definition should follow the etymology of the... | What atrocity motivated a self-serving USSR to object to the provision of political killings drafted into the Convention? | {
"answer_start": [
381
],
"text": [
"its own Great Purge"
]
} |
573392e24776f41900660d9f | Genocide | The first draft of the Convention included political killings, but these provisions were removed in a political and diplomatic compromise following objections from some countries, including the USSR, a permanent security council member. The USSR argued that the Convention's definition should follow the etymology of the... | What was the primary concern of other nations who objected to including political groups in the definition of genocide? | {
"answer_start": [
486
],
"text": [
"international intervention in domestic politics"
]
} |
573392e24776f41900660da0 | Genocide | The first draft of the Convention included political killings, but these provisions were removed in a political and diplomatic compromise following objections from some countries, including the USSR, a permanent security council member. The USSR argued that the Convention's definition should follow the etymology of the... | Which distinguished academic of genocide highlighted several other countries opposed to including political genocide in the Convention? | {
"answer_start": [
568
],
"text": [
"William Schabas"
]
} |
5a68b9de8476ee001a58a7ba | Genocide | The first draft of the Convention included political killings, but these provisions were removed in a political and diplomatic compromise following objections from some countries, including the USSR, a permanent security council member. The USSR argued that the Convention's definition should follow the etymology of the... | Which provision was not initially included in the first write-up of the Convention and then removed? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a68b9de8476ee001a58a7bb | Genocide | The first draft of the Convention included political killings, but these provisions were removed in a political and diplomatic compromise following objections from some countries, including the USSR, a permanent security council member. The USSR argued that the Convention's definition should follow the etymology of the... | What is one of the countries that supported the inclusion of political killings in the early version of the Convention? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a68b9de8476ee001a58a7bc | Genocide | The first draft of the Convention included political killings, but these provisions were removed in a political and diplomatic compromise following objections from some countries, including the USSR, a permanent security council member. The USSR argued that the Convention's definition should follow the etymology of the... | Which distinguished academic of genocide highlighted several other countries supporting including political genocide in the Convention? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a68b9de8476ee001a58a7bd | Genocide | The first draft of the Convention included political killings, but these provisions were removed in a political and diplomatic compromise following objections from some countries, including the USSR, a permanent security council member. The USSR argued that the Convention's definition should follow the etymology of the... | What atrocity motivated a self-serving USSR to support the provision of political killings drafted into the Convention? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a6959fb5ce1a5001a9695de | Genocide | The first draft of the Convention included political killings, but these provisions were removed in a political and diplomatic compromise following objections from some countries, including the USSR, a permanent security council member. The USSR argued that the Convention's definition should follow the etymology of the... | Which provision was initially included in the first write-up of the Jewish Congress and then removed? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a6959fb5ce1a5001a9695df | Genocide | The first draft of the Convention included political killings, but these provisions were removed in a political and diplomatic compromise following objections from some countries, including the USSR, a permanent security council member. The USSR argued that the Convention's definition should follow the etymology of the... | What is one of the countries that objected to the inclusion of political killings in the early version of the World Jewish Congress? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a6959fb5ce1a5001a9695e0 | Genocide | The first draft of the Convention included political killings, but these provisions were removed in a political and diplomatic compromise following objections from some countries, including the USSR, a permanent security council member. The USSR argued that the Convention's definition should follow the etymology of the... | What atrocity motivated a self-serving USSR to object to the provision of machination drafted into the Convention? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a6959fb5ce1a5001a9695e1 | Genocide | The first draft of the Convention included political killings, but these provisions were removed in a political and diplomatic compromise following objections from some countries, including the USSR, a permanent security council member. The USSR argued that the Convention's definition should follow the etymology of the... | What was the primary concern of other nations who objected to including political groups in the definition of examination? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a6959fb5ce1a5001a9695e2 | Genocide | The first draft of the Convention included political killings, but these provisions were removed in a political and diplomatic compromise following objections from some countries, including the USSR, a permanent security council member. The USSR argued that the Convention's definition should follow the etymology of the... | Which distinguished academic of genocide highlighted several other countries opposed to including examination in the Convention? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5733963c4776f41900660df6 | Genocide | In 2007 the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), noted in its judgement on Jorgic v. Germany case that in 1992 the majority of legal scholars took the narrow view that "intent to destroy" in the CPPCG meant the intended physical-biological destruction of the protected group and that this was still the majority opinio... | In 2007 what former case did the European Court of Human Rights draw on to further refine qualifiers of genocide? | {
"answer_start": [
77
],
"text": [
"Jorgic v. Germany"
]
} |
5733963c4776f41900660df7 | Genocide | In 2007 the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), noted in its judgement on Jorgic v. Germany case that in 1992 the majority of legal scholars took the narrow view that "intent to destroy" in the CPPCG meant the intended physical-biological destruction of the protected group and that this was still the majority opinio... | Which group was accused by the ECHR of having an overly constricted idea of the meaning of destruction in defining genocide? | {
"answer_start": [
117
],
"text": [
"majority of legal scholars"
]
} |
5733963c4776f41900660df8 | Genocide | In 2007 the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), noted in its judgement on Jorgic v. Germany case that in 1992 the majority of legal scholars took the narrow view that "intent to destroy" in the CPPCG meant the intended physical-biological destruction of the protected group and that this was still the majority opinio... | What form of destruction was considered too limited by a smaller group of experts? | {
"answer_start": [
404
],
"text": [
"biological-physical"
]
} |
5733963c4776f41900660df9 | Genocide | In 2007 the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), noted in its judgement on Jorgic v. Germany case that in 1992 the majority of legal scholars took the narrow view that "intent to destroy" in the CPPCG meant the intended physical-biological destruction of the protected group and that this was still the majority opinio... | What groups did the ECHR feel should be included as potential victims of genocide? | {
"answer_start": [
477
],
"text": [
"national, racial, religious or ethnic"
]
} |
5a68bac68476ee001a58a7cc | Genocide | In 2007 the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), noted in its judgement on Jorgic v. Germany case that in 1992 the majority of legal scholars took the narrow view that "intent to destroy" in the CPPCG meant the intended physical-biological destruction of the protected group and that this was still the majority opinio... | What former case did the European Court of Human Rights draw on in 2002 to further refine qualifiers of genocide? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a68bac68476ee001a58a7cd | Genocide | In 2007 the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), noted in its judgement on Jorgic v. Germany case that in 1992 the majority of legal scholars took the narrow view that "intent to destroy" in the CPPCG meant the intended physical-biological destruction of the protected group and that this was still the majority opinio... | Which group was not accused by the ECHR of having an overly constricted idea of the meaning of destruction in defining genocide? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a68bac68476ee001a58a7ce | Genocide | In 2007 the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), noted in its judgement on Jorgic v. Germany case that in 1992 the majority of legal scholars took the narrow view that "intent to destroy" in the CPPCG meant the intended physical-biological destruction of the protected group and that this was still the majority opinio... | What form of destruction was considered unlimited by a smaller group of experts? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a68bac68476ee001a58a7cf | Genocide | In 2007 the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), noted in its judgement on Jorgic v. Germany case that in 1992 the majority of legal scholars took the narrow view that "intent to destroy" in the CPPCG meant the intended physical-biological destruction of the protected group and that this was still the majority opinio... | What groups did the ECHR feel should not be included as potential victims of genocide? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a695d295ce1a5001a9695e8 | Genocide | In 2007 the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), noted in its judgement on Jorgic v. Germany case that in 1992 the majority of legal scholars took the narrow view that "intent to destroy" in the CPPCG meant the intended physical-biological destruction of the protected group and that this was still the majority opinio... | in 2007 what former case did the Euopean Court of Human Rights draw onto further refine qualifiers of CPPCG? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a695d295ce1a5001a9695e9 | Genocide | In 2007 the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), noted in its judgement on Jorgic v. Germany case that in 1992 the majority of legal scholars took the narrow view that "intent to destroy" in the CPPCG meant the intended physical-biological destruction of the protected group and that this was still the majority opinio... | Which group was accused by the ECHR of having an overly constricted idea of the meaning of destruction in defining CPPCG? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a695d295ce1a5001a9695ea | Genocide | In 2007 the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), noted in its judgement on Jorgic v. Germany case that in 1992 the majority of legal scholars took the narrow view that "intent to destroy" in the CPPCG meant the intended physical-biological destruction of the protected group and that this was still the majority opinio... | What form of destruction was considered too limited by the Germany? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a695d295ce1a5001a9695eb | Genocide | In 2007 the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), noted in its judgement on Jorgic v. Germany case that in 1992 the majority of legal scholars took the narrow view that "intent to destroy" in the CPPCG meant the intended physical-biological destruction of the protected group and that this was still the majority opinio... | What groups did the ECHR feel should be included as potential victims of CPPCG? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a695d295ce1a5001a9695ec | Genocide | In 2007 the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), noted in its judgement on Jorgic v. Germany case that in 1992 the majority of legal scholars took the narrow view that "intent to destroy" in the CPPCG meant the intended physical-biological destruction of the protected group and that this was still the majority opinio... | When did the majority of legal scholars take a narrow view on genocide? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5733ba844776f41900661145 | Genocide | In the same judgement the ECHR reviewed the judgements of several international and municipal courts judgements. It noted that International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Court of Justice had agreed with the narrow interpretation, that biological-physical destruction was necessary fo... | In its preparations, what was the source of other considerations by the ECHR? | {
"answer_start": [
40
],
"text": [
"the judgements of several international and municipal courts"
]
} |
5733ba844776f41900661146 | Genocide | In the same judgement the ECHR reviewed the judgements of several international and municipal courts judgements. It noted that International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Court of Justice had agreed with the narrow interpretation, that biological-physical destruction was necessary fo... | Two bodies of the United Nations agreed with what restricted provision in defining genocide? | {
"answer_start": [
267
],
"text": [
"that biological-physical destruction was necessary"
]
} |
5733ba844776f41900661147 | Genocide | In the same judgement the ECHR reviewed the judgements of several international and municipal courts judgements. It noted that International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Court of Justice had agreed with the narrow interpretation, that biological-physical destruction was necessary fo... | Which country's courts were noted by the ECHR for taking a wider stance on provisions of genocide laws? | {
"answer_start": [
429
],
"text": [
"Germany"
]
} |
5733ba844776f41900661148 | Genocide | In the same judgement the ECHR reviewed the judgements of several international and municipal courts judgements. It noted that International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Court of Justice had agreed with the narrow interpretation, that biological-physical destruction was necessary fo... | The ECHR found most states to have largely undefined definitions of group destruction, despite what factor? | {
"answer_start": [
521
],
"text": [
"Convention States municipal laws"
]
} |
5733ba844776f41900661149 | Genocide | In the same judgement the ECHR reviewed the judgements of several international and municipal courts judgements. It noted that International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Court of Justice had agreed with the narrow interpretation, that biological-physical destruction was necessary fo... | A definition of what, by the States, was necessary to preserve and expand genocidal law? | {
"answer_start": [
641
],
"text": [
"the type of group destruction"
]
} |
5a6960605ce1a5001a9695f2 | Genocide | In the same judgement the ECHR reviewed the judgements of several international and municipal courts judgements. It noted that International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Court of Justice had agreed with the narrow interpretation, that biological-physical destruction was necessary fo... | In its preparations, what was the source of other considerations by the International Court of Justice? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a6960605ce1a5001a9695f3 | Genocide | In the same judgement the ECHR reviewed the judgements of several international and municipal courts judgements. It noted that International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Court of Justice had agreed with the narrow interpretation, that biological-physical destruction was necessary fo... | On what restricted provision in defining municipal laws did two bodies of the United Nations agree? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a6960605ce1a5001a9695f4 | Genocide | In the same judgement the ECHR reviewed the judgements of several international and municipal courts judgements. It noted that International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Court of Justice had agreed with the narrow interpretation, that biological-physical destruction was necessary fo... | Which country's courts were noted by the ECHR for taking a wider stance on provisions of municipal laws? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a6960605ce1a5001a9695f5 | Genocide | In the same judgement the ECHR reviewed the judgements of several international and municipal courts judgements. It noted that International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Court of Justice had agreed with the narrow interpretation, that biological-physical destruction was necessary fo... | The ECHR found most states to have largely undefined definitions of courts, despite what factor? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a6960605ce1a5001a9695f6 | Genocide | In the same judgement the ECHR reviewed the judgements of several international and municipal courts judgements. It noted that International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Court of Justice had agreed with the narrow interpretation, that biological-physical destruction was necessary fo... | A definition of what, by the States, was necessary to preserve and expand municipal law? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5733bdc4d058e614000b61a1 | Genocide | The phrase "in whole or in part" has been subject to much discussion by scholars of international humanitarian law. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia found in Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic – Trial Chamber I – Judgment – IT-98-33 (2001) ICTY8 (2 August 2001) that Genocide had been committed. ... | Which phrase is especially contentious within international humanitarian law? | {
"answer_start": [
11
],
"text": [
"\"in whole or in part\""
]
} |
5733bdc4d058e614000b61a2 | Genocide | The phrase "in whole or in part" has been subject to much discussion by scholars of international humanitarian law. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia found in Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic – Trial Chamber I – Judgment – IT-98-33 (2001) ICTY8 (2 August 2001) that Genocide had been committed. ... | What 2001 case was declared genocide by the International Criminal Tribune for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY)? | {
"answer_start": [
187
],
"text": [
"Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic"
]
} |
5733bdc4d058e614000b61a3 | Genocide | The phrase "in whole or in part" has been subject to much discussion by scholars of international humanitarian law. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia found in Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic – Trial Chamber I – Judgment – IT-98-33 (2001) ICTY8 (2 August 2001) that Genocide had been committed. ... | In the judgement, it is stated that the aim of the Genocide Convention, at its most simplest, is preventing the destruction of which victims? | {
"answer_start": [
629
],
"text": [
"entire human groups"
]
} |
5733bdc4d058e614000b61a4 | Genocide | The phrase "in whole or in part" has been subject to much discussion by scholars of international humanitarian law. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia found in Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic – Trial Chamber I – Judgment – IT-98-33 (2001) ICTY8 (2 August 2001) that Genocide had been committed. ... | In addressing the issue of "in part," the Appeals Chamber found that the part must be a substantial part of what? | {
"answer_start": [
537
],
"text": [
"that group"
]
} |
5733bdc4d058e614000b61a5 | Genocide | The phrase "in whole or in part" has been subject to much discussion by scholars of international humanitarian law. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia found in Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic – Trial Chamber I – Judgment – IT-98-33 (2001) ICTY8 (2 August 2001) that Genocide had been committed. ... | Who contributed to guiding the Appeals chamber in its conclusion? | {
"answer_start": [
804
],
"text": [
"opinions of respected commentators"
]
} |
5a6969185ce1a5001a9695fc | Genocide | The phrase "in whole or in part" has been subject to much discussion by scholars of international humanitarian law. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia found in Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic – Trial Chamber I – Judgment – IT-98-33 (2001) ICTY8 (2 August 2001) that Genocide had been committed. ... | Which phrase is especially contentious within human groups? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a6969185ce1a5001a9695fd | Genocide | The phrase "in whole or in part" has been subject to much discussion by scholars of international humanitarian law. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia found in Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic – Trial Chamber I – Judgment – IT-98-33 (2001) ICTY8 (2 August 2001) that Genocide had been committed. ... | What 2001 case was declared genocide by humanitarian law? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a6969185ce1a5001a9695fe | Genocide | The phrase "in whole or in part" has been subject to much discussion by scholars of international humanitarian law. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia found in Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic – Trial Chamber I – Judgment – IT-98-33 (2001) ICTY8 (2 August 2001) that Genocide had been committed. ... | In the judgement, it is stated that the aim of the Genocide Convention, at its most simplest, is preventing the opinions of which victims? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a6969185ce1a5001a9695ff | Genocide | The phrase "in whole or in part" has been subject to much discussion by scholars of international humanitarian law. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia found in Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic – Trial Chamber I – Judgment – IT-98-33 (2001) ICTY8 (2 August 2001) that Genocide had been committed. ... | What did the ITCY find that the part must be a substantial part of while addressing the issue of "in part"? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5a6969185ce1a5001a969600 | Genocide | The phrase "in whole or in part" has been subject to much discussion by scholars of international humanitarian law. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia found in Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic – Trial Chamber I – Judgment – IT-98-33 (2001) ICTY8 (2 August 2001) that Genocide had been committed. ... | Who contributed to guiding the ICTY in its conclusion? | {
"answer_start": [],
"text": []
} |
5733c3c7d058e614000b61ef | Genocide | The judges continue in paragraph 12, "The determination of when the targeted part is substantial enough to meet this requirement may involve a number of considerations. The numeric size of the targeted part of the group is the necessary and important starting point, though not in all cases the ending point of the inqui... | Several considerations were involved in meeting the requirement to determine what? | {
"answer_start": [
59
],
"text": [
"when the targeted part is substantial enough"
]
} |
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