id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
572a441b6aef0514001553ed | East_Prussia | In 1939 the Regierungsbezirk Zichenau was annexed by Germany and incorporated into East Prussia. Parts of it were transferred to other regions, e.g. Suwałki to Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen and Soldau to Regierungsbezirk Allenstein. Despite Nazi propaganda presenting all of the regions annexed as possessing significant Ge... | What other parts of East Prussia were transferred after the annexation of Zichenau? | {
"answer_start": [
149
],
"text": [
"Suwałki to Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen and Soldau to Regierungsbezirk Allenstein"
]
} |
572a441b6aef0514001553ee | East_Prussia | In 1939 the Regierungsbezirk Zichenau was annexed by Germany and incorporated into East Prussia. Parts of it were transferred to other regions, e.g. Suwałki to Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen and Soldau to Regierungsbezirk Allenstein. Despite Nazi propaganda presenting all of the regions annexed as possessing significant Ge... | Despite all the propaganda that ws presented to the East Prussians what did German populations want within the country? | {
"answer_start": [
349
],
"text": [
"reunification with Germany"
]
} |
572a49391d046914007798c5 | East_Prussia | Following Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II in 1945, East Prussia was partitioned between Poland and the Soviet Union according to the Potsdam Conference. Southern East Prussia was placed under Polish administration, while northern East Prussia was divided between the Soviet republics of Russia (the Kaliningrad Obl... | What two countries were East Prussia partitioned into after World Was II? | {
"answer_start": [
94
],
"text": [
"Poland and the Soviet Union"
]
} |
572a49391d046914007798c6 | East_Prussia | Following Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II in 1945, East Prussia was partitioned between Poland and the Soviet Union according to the Potsdam Conference. Southern East Prussia was placed under Polish administration, while northern East Prussia was divided between the Soviet republics of Russia (the Kaliningrad Obl... | What was the city of Konigsberg renamed in to in 1946? | {
"answer_start": [
425
],
"text": [
"Kaliningrad"
]
} |
572a49391d046914007798c7 | East_Prussia | Following Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II in 1945, East Prussia was partitioned between Poland and the Soviet Union according to the Potsdam Conference. Southern East Prussia was placed under Polish administration, while northern East Prussia was divided between the Soviet republics of Russia (the Kaliningrad Obl... | What happened to most of the German population during the war in what is current day Kaliningrad? | {
"answer_start": [
492
],
"text": [
"evacuated during the war"
]
} |
572a4a9f1d046914007798d3 | East_Prussia | Shortly after the end of the war in May 1945, Germans who had fled in early 1945 tried to return to their homes in East Prussia. An estimated number of 800,000 Germans were living in East Prussia during the summer of 1945. Many more were prevented from returning,[citation needed] and the German population of East Pruss... | How many Germans were living in East Prussia in 1945? | {
"answer_start": [
152
],
"text": [
"800,000"
]
} |
572a4a9f1d046914007798d4 | East_Prussia | Shortly after the end of the war in May 1945, Germans who had fled in early 1945 tried to return to their homes in East Prussia. An estimated number of 800,000 Germans were living in East Prussia during the summer of 1945. Many more were prevented from returning,[citation needed] and the German population of East Pruss... | Around how many camps were set up by the Germans during the way? | {
"answer_start": [
424
],
"text": [
"45 camps"
]
} |
572a4a9f1d046914007798d5 | East_Prussia | Shortly after the end of the war in May 1945, Germans who had fled in early 1945 tried to return to their homes in East Prussia. An estimated number of 800,000 Germans were living in East Prussia during the summer of 1945. Many more were prevented from returning,[citation needed] and the German population of East Pruss... | How many forced labourers were in the largest camp? | {
"answer_start": [
616
],
"text": [
"48,000"
]
} |
572a4a9f1d046914007798d6 | East_Prussia | Shortly after the end of the war in May 1945, Germans who had fled in early 1945 tried to return to their homes in East Prussia. An estimated number of 800,000 Germans were living in East Prussia during the summer of 1945. Many more were prevented from returning,[citation needed] and the German population of East Pruss... | What were the children that were left behind in East Prussia that was occupied by the Russians referred to as? | {
"answer_start": [
773
],
"text": [
"Wolf children"
]
} |
572a4b8b1d046914007798db | East_Prussia | Representatives of the Polish government officially took over the civilian administration of the southern part of East Prussia on 23 May 1945. Subsequently Polish expatriates from Polish lands annexed by the Soviet Union as well as Ukrainians and Lemkos from southern Poland, expelled in Operation Vistula in 1947, were ... | In what year did the Polish government officially take over the administration in East Prussia? | {
"answer_start": [
137
],
"text": [
"1945"
]
} |
572a4b8b1d046914007798dc | East_Prussia | Representatives of the Polish government officially took over the civilian administration of the southern part of East Prussia on 23 May 1945. Subsequently Polish expatriates from Polish lands annexed by the Soviet Union as well as Ukrainians and Lemkos from southern Poland, expelled in Operation Vistula in 1947, were ... | How was the pre-war population in East Prussia referred to as? | {
"answer_start": [
636
],
"text": [
"Germanized Poles"
]
} |
572a4b8b1d046914007798dd | East_Prussia | Representatives of the Polish government officially took over the civilian administration of the southern part of East Prussia on 23 May 1945. Subsequently Polish expatriates from Polish lands annexed by the Soviet Union as well as Ukrainians and Lemkos from southern Poland, expelled in Operation Vistula in 1947, were ... | How much did the Ukrainians make up in population as a percentage in East Prussia? | {
"answer_start": [
553
],
"text": [
"18.5%"
]
} |
572a4c637a1753140016ae82 | East_Prussia | In April 1946, northern East Prussia became an official province of the Russian SFSR as the "Kyonigsbergskaya Oblast", with the Memel Territory becoming part of the Lithuanian SSR. In June 1946 114,070 German and 41,029 Soviet citizens were registered in the Oblast, with an unknown number of disregarded unregistered pe... | What year did East Prussia become an official province of Russia? | {
"answer_start": [
9
],
"text": [
"1946"
]
} |
572a4c637a1753140016ae83 | East_Prussia | In April 1946, northern East Prussia became an official province of the Russian SFSR as the "Kyonigsbergskaya Oblast", with the Memel Territory becoming part of the Lithuanian SSR. In June 1946 114,070 German and 41,029 Soviet citizens were registered in the Oblast, with an unknown number of disregarded unregistered pe... | In who's honor was the city named Kaliningrad from Konigsberg? | {
"answer_start": [
415
],
"text": [
"Mikhail Kalinin"
]
} |
572a4c637a1753140016ae84 | East_Prussia | In April 1946, northern East Prussia became an official province of the Russian SFSR as the "Kyonigsbergskaya Oblast", with the Memel Territory becoming part of the Lithuanian SSR. In June 1946 114,070 German and 41,029 Soviet citizens were registered in the Oblast, with an unknown number of disregarded unregistered pe... | Between August 24th and October 26th how many German's left the Oblast to the Soviet Occupation zone? | {
"answer_start": [
540
],
"text": [
"42,094"
]
} |
572a4cf51d046914007798e1 | East_Prussia | A similar fate befell the Curonians who lived in the area around the Curonian Lagoon. While many fled from the Red Army during the evacuation of East Prussia, Curonians that remained behind were subsequently expelled by the Soviet Union. Only 219 lived along the Curonian Spit in 1955. Many had German names such as Frit... | What happened to the Curonians who lived in the area in East Prussia? | {
"answer_start": [
208
],
"text": [
"expelled by the Soviet Union"
]
} |
572a4cf51d046914007798e2 | East_Prussia | A similar fate befell the Curonians who lived in the area around the Curonian Lagoon. While many fled from the Red Army during the evacuation of East Prussia, Curonians that remained behind were subsequently expelled by the Soviet Union. Only 219 lived along the Curonian Spit in 1955. Many had German names such as Frit... | What did the Russians consider Curonians? | {
"answer_start": [
419
],
"text": [
"fascists"
]
} |
572a4cf51d046914007798e3 | East_Prussia | A similar fate befell the Curonians who lived in the area around the Curonian Lagoon. While many fled from the Red Army during the evacuation of East Prussia, Curonians that remained behind were subsequently expelled by the Soviet Union. Only 219 lived along the Curonian Spit in 1955. Many had German names such as Frit... | Where did most of the Curonians flee to in 1958? | {
"answer_start": [
480
],
"text": [
"West Germany"
]
} |
572a4f507a1753140016ae92 | East_Prussia | After the expulsion of the German population ethnic Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians were settled in the northern part. In the Soviet part of the region, a policy of eliminating all remnants of German history was pursued. All German place names were replaced by new Russian names. The exclave was a military zone, w... | Once the German populations was removed, what three groups settled into the nothern area? | {
"answer_start": [
45
],
"text": [
"ethnic Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians"
]
} |
572a4f507a1753140016ae93 | East_Prussia | After the expulsion of the German population ethnic Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians were settled in the northern part. In the Soviet part of the region, a policy of eliminating all remnants of German history was pursued. All German place names were replaced by new Russian names. The exclave was a military zone, w... | In the Soviet section to the north, what did they want to expel from their land? | {
"answer_start": [
171
],
"text": [
"eliminating all remnants of German history"
]
} |
572a4f507a1753140016ae94 | East_Prussia | After the expulsion of the German population ethnic Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians were settled in the northern part. In the Soviet part of the region, a policy of eliminating all remnants of German history was pursued. All German place names were replaced by new Russian names. The exclave was a military zone, w... | What else happened in the northern part of East Prussia in the now Russian area? | {
"answer_start": [
244
],
"text": [
"names were replaced by new Russian names"
]
} |
572a50227a1753140016ae98 | East_Prussia | Although the 1945–1949 expulsion of Germans from the northern part of former East Prussia was often conducted in a violent and aggressive way by Soviet officials, the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast have much less animosity towards Germans. German names have been revived in commercial Russian trad... | What has since been considered in Kalinigrad? | {
"answer_start": [
353
],
"text": [
"reverting Kaliningrad's name to its historic name of Königsberg"
]
} |
572a50227a1753140016ae99 | East_Prussia | Although the 1945–1949 expulsion of Germans from the northern part of former East Prussia was often conducted in a violent and aggressive way by Soviet officials, the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast have much less animosity towards Germans. German names have been revived in commercial Russian trad... | What city was completely rebuilt after the Russians and Germans had bombed it? | {
"answer_start": [
437
],
"text": [
"Kaliningrad"
]
} |
572a50227a1753140016ae9a | East_Prussia | Although the 1945–1949 expulsion of Germans from the northern part of former East Prussia was often conducted in a violent and aggressive way by Soviet officials, the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast have much less animosity towards Germans. German names have been revived in commercial Russian trad... | How was the removal of the Germans in East Prussia usually handled by the Russians? | {
"answer_start": [
115
],
"text": [
"violent and aggressive"
]
} |
572a517b7a1753140016aea6 | East_Prussia | Since 1875, with the strengthening of self-rule, the urban and rural districts (Kreise) within each province (sometimes within each governorate) formed a corporation with common tasks and assets (schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails etc.) called the Provinzialverband (provincial assoc... | What were common task of the corporation formed by the urban and rural districts? | {
"answer_start": [
196
],
"text": [
"schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails"
]
} |
572a517b7a1753140016aea7 | East_Prussia | Since 1875, with the strengthening of self-rule, the urban and rural districts (Kreise) within each province (sometimes within each governorate) formed a corporation with common tasks and assets (schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails etc.) called the Provinzialverband (provincial assoc... | What was the name of the corporation that looked over common task? | {
"answer_start": [
285
],
"text": [
"Provinzialverband"
]
} |
572a517b7a1753140016aea8 | East_Prussia | Since 1875, with the strengthening of self-rule, the urban and rural districts (Kreise) within each province (sometimes within each governorate) formed a corporation with common tasks and assets (schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails etc.) called the Provinzialverband (provincial assoc... | What has since happened from 1919 that involve the provincial diets? | {
"answer_start": [
601
],
"text": [
"elected by the citizens of the provinces"
]
} |
572a11661d04691400779721 | Ottoman_Empire | The Ottoman Empire (/ˈɒtəmən/; Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه Devlet-i Aliyye-i Osmâniyye, Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also known as the Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey or Turkey, was an empire founded in 1299 by Oghuz Turks under Osman I in northwestern Anatolia. After co... | The Ottoman Empire is also known as what three other names? | {
"answer_start": [
185
],
"text": [
"Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey or Turkey"
]
} |
572a11661d04691400779722 | Ottoman_Empire | The Ottoman Empire (/ˈɒtəmən/; Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه Devlet-i Aliyye-i Osmâniyye, Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also known as the Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey or Turkey, was an empire founded in 1299 by Oghuz Turks under Osman I in northwestern Anatolia. After co... | When was the Ottoman empire founded? | {
"answer_start": [
252
],
"text": [
"1299"
]
} |
572a11661d04691400779723 | Ottoman_Empire | The Ottoman Empire (/ˈɒtəmən/; Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه Devlet-i Aliyye-i Osmâniyye, Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also known as the Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey or Turkey, was an empire founded in 1299 by Oghuz Turks under Osman I in northwestern Anatolia. After co... | Who founded the Ottoman empire? | {
"answer_start": [
260
],
"text": [
"Oghuz Turks"
]
} |
572a11661d04691400779724 | Ottoman_Empire | The Ottoman Empire (/ˈɒtəmən/; Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه Devlet-i Aliyye-i Osmâniyye, Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also known as the Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey or Turkey, was an empire founded in 1299 by Oghuz Turks under Osman I in northwestern Anatolia. After co... | Where was the Ottoman empire founded? | {
"answer_start": [
289
],
"text": [
"northwestern Anatolia"
]
} |
572a11661d04691400779725 | Ottoman_Empire | The Ottoman Empire (/ˈɒtəmən/; Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه Devlet-i Aliyye-i Osmâniyye, Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also known as the Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey or Turkey, was an empire founded in 1299 by Oghuz Turks under Osman I in northwestern Anatolia. After co... | Conquests by who began the transformation of the Ottoman sultanate into an Empire? | {
"answer_start": [
346
],
"text": [
"Murad I"
]
} |
572a130d6aef05140015523c | Ottoman_Empire | During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. At the beginning of the 17th centu... | Under the reign of who did the Ottoman empire control much of Southeastern Europe? | {
"answer_start": [
96
],
"text": [
"Suleiman the Magnificent"
]
} |
572a130d6aef05140015523d | Ottoman_Empire | During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. At the beginning of the 17th centu... | During what centuries was the Ottoman empire in control of much of Southeast Europe? | {
"answer_start": [
11
],
"text": [
"16th and 17th centuries"
]
} |
572a130d6aef05140015523e | Ottoman_Empire | During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. At the beginning of the 17th centu... | How many provinces did the Ottoman empire control at the start of the 17th century? | {
"answer_start": [
344
],
"text": [
"32 provinces"
]
} |
572a130d6aef05140015523f | Ottoman_Empire | During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. At the beginning of the 17th centu... | Along with provinces what type of states did the Ottoman empire have control over? | {
"answer_start": [
370
],
"text": [
"vassal states"
]
} |
572a130d6aef051400155240 | Ottoman_Empire | During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. At the beginning of the 17th centu... | What regions of Africa were under control of the Ottoman empire? | {
"answer_start": [
248
],
"text": [
"North Africa, and the Horn of Africa"
]
} |
572a13e2af94a219006aa7a7 | Ottoman_Empire | With Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late... | What was the capital of the Ottoman empire? | {
"answer_start": [
5
],
"text": [
"Constantinople"
]
} |
572a13e2af94a219006aa7a8 | Ottoman_Empire | With Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late... | What Ottoman empire controlled lands contributed to the centre of transactions between East and West ? | {
"answer_start": [
50
],
"text": [
"lands around the Mediterranean basin"
]
} |
572a13e2af94a219006aa7a9 | Ottoman_Empire | With Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late... | When did the Ottoman empire decline? | {
"answer_start": [
307
],
"text": [
"into the late nineteenth century"
]
} |
572a13e2af94a219006aa7aa | Ottoman_Empire | With Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late... | What nation did the Ottoman empire align with in the 20th century? | {
"answer_start": [
364
],
"text": [
"Germany"
]
} |
572a13e2af94a219006aa7ab | Ottoman_Empire | With Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late... | What led to the decline of the Ottoman empire? | {
"answer_start": [
226
],
"text": [
"military setbacks against European powers"
]
} |
572a1481af94a219006aa7b1 | Ottoman_Empire | The word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was derived from the Persian form of the name ʿUthmān عثمان of ultimately Arabic origin. In Ottoman Turkish, the empire was referred... | An anglicization of the name Osman I results in what word? | {
"answer_start": [
9
],
"text": [
"Ottoman"
]
} |
572a1481af94a219006aa7b2 | Ottoman_Empire | The word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was derived from the Persian form of the name ʿUthmān عثمان of ultimately Arabic origin. In Ottoman Turkish, the empire was referred... | What house was the founder of the Ottoman empire? | {
"answer_start": [
115
],
"text": [
"House of Osman"
]
} |
572a1481af94a219006aa7b3 | Ottoman_Empire | The word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was derived from the Persian form of the name ʿUthmān عثمان of ultimately Arabic origin. In Ottoman Turkish, the empire was referred... | What was another name for the Ottoman Dynasty? | {
"answer_start": [
115
],
"text": [
"House of Osman"
]
} |
572a1481af94a219006aa7b4 | Ottoman_Empire | The word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was derived from the Persian form of the name ʿUthmān عثمان of ultimately Arabic origin. In Ottoman Turkish, the empire was referred... | What is the origin of Osman's name? | {
"answer_start": [
262
],
"text": [
"Arabic"
]
} |
572a1481af94a219006aa7b5 | Ottoman_Empire | The word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was derived from the Persian form of the name ʿUthmān عثمان of ultimately Arabic origin. In Ottoman Turkish, the empire was referred... | In a literal sense what was the Ottoman empire referred to as? | {
"answer_start": [
403
],
"text": [
"The Supreme State of the Ottomans"
]
} |
572a15493f37b319004786c9 | Ottoman_Empire | Ertuğrul, the father of Osman I (founder of the Ottoman Empire), arrived in Anatolia from Merv (Turkmenistan) with 400 horsemen to aid the Seljuks of Rum against the Byzantines. After the demise of the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in the 14th century, Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of independent, mostly Turk... | Who was the father of Osman I? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Ertuğrul"
]
} |
572a15493f37b319004786ca | Ottoman_Empire | Ertuğrul, the father of Osman I (founder of the Ottoman Empire), arrived in Anatolia from Merv (Turkmenistan) with 400 horsemen to aid the Seljuks of Rum against the Byzantines. After the demise of the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in the 14th century, Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of independent, mostly Turk... | How many horsemen did Osman I's father bring to aid the Seljuks of Rum? | {
"answer_start": [
115
],
"text": [
"400 horsemen"
]
} |
572a15493f37b319004786cb | Ottoman_Empire | Ertuğrul, the father of Osman I (founder of the Ottoman Empire), arrived in Anatolia from Merv (Turkmenistan) with 400 horsemen to aid the Seljuks of Rum against the Byzantines. After the demise of the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in the 14th century, Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of independent, mostly Turk... | When did the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum reach its demise? | {
"answer_start": [
241
],
"text": [
"14th century"
]
} |
572a15493f37b319004786cc | Ottoman_Empire | Ertuğrul, the father of Osman I (founder of the Ottoman Empire), arrived in Anatolia from Merv (Turkmenistan) with 400 horsemen to aid the Seljuks of Rum against the Byzantines. After the demise of the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in the 14th century, Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of independent, mostly Turk... | What did the divided Anatolia end up being referred to as? | {
"answer_start": [
346
],
"text": [
"Ghazi emirates"
]
} |
572a15493f37b319004786cd | Ottoman_Empire | Ertuğrul, the father of Osman I (founder of the Ottoman Empire), arrived in Anatolia from Merv (Turkmenistan) with 400 horsemen to aid the Seljuks of Rum against the Byzantines. After the demise of the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in the 14th century, Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of independent, mostly Turk... | To the edge of what empire did Osman I push Turkish settlements? | {
"answer_start": [
529
],
"text": [
"Byzantine Empire"
]
} |
572a15ffaf94a219006aa7cf | Ottoman_Empire | In the century after the death of Osman I, Ottoman rule began to extend over the Eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans. Osman's son, Orhan, captured the northwestern Anatolian city of Bursa in 1324, and made it the new capital of the Ottoman state. This Ottoman conquest meant the loss of Byzantine control over northwes... | Which city did Osman's son capture? | {
"answer_start": [
184
],
"text": [
"Bursa"
]
} |
572a15ffaf94a219006aa7d0 | Ottoman_Empire | In the century after the death of Osman I, Ottoman rule began to extend over the Eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans. Osman's son, Orhan, captured the northwestern Anatolian city of Bursa in 1324, and made it the new capital of the Ottoman state. This Ottoman conquest meant the loss of Byzantine control over northwes... | In what year did Osman's son capture an Anatolian city? | {
"answer_start": [
193
],
"text": [
"1324"
]
} |
572a15ffaf94a219006aa7d1 | Ottoman_Empire | In the century after the death of Osman I, Ottoman rule began to extend over the Eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans. Osman's son, Orhan, captured the northwestern Anatolian city of Bursa in 1324, and made it the new capital of the Ottoman state. This Ottoman conquest meant the loss of Byzantine control over northwes... | What was the name of the son of Osman that captured an Anatolian city? | {
"answer_start": [
133
],
"text": [
"Orhan"
]
} |
572a15ffaf94a219006aa7d2 | Ottoman_Empire | In the century after the death of Osman I, Ottoman rule began to extend over the Eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans. Osman's son, Orhan, captured the northwestern Anatolian city of Bursa in 1324, and made it the new capital of the Ottoman state. This Ottoman conquest meant the loss of Byzantine control over northwes... | What city was captured from the Venetians in 1387? | {
"answer_start": [
357
],
"text": [
"Thessaloniki"
]
} |
572a15ffaf94a219006aa7d3 | Ottoman_Empire | In the century after the death of Osman I, Ottoman rule began to extend over the Eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans. Osman's son, Orhan, captured the northwestern Anatolian city of Bursa in 1324, and made it the new capital of the Ottoman state. This Ottoman conquest meant the loss of Byzantine control over northwes... | In what year did the Ottoman's have a victory at Kosovo? | {
"answer_start": [
444
],
"text": [
"1389"
]
} |
572a16b56aef051400155256 | Ottoman_Empire | With the extension of Turkish dominion into the Balkans, the strategic conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective. The empire had managed to control nearly all former Byzantine lands surrounding the city, but in 1402 the Byzantines were temporarily relieved when the Turco-Mongol leader Timur, founder of the ... | What was an objective of Turkey after its expansion into the Balkans? | {
"answer_start": [
71
],
"text": [
"conquest of Constantinople"
]
} |
572a16b56aef051400155257 | Ottoman_Empire | With the extension of Turkish dominion into the Balkans, the strategic conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective. The empire had managed to control nearly all former Byzantine lands surrounding the city, but in 1402 the Byzantines were temporarily relieved when the Turco-Mongol leader Timur, founder of the ... | What empire were the controlled lands surrounding Constantinople formerly controlled by? | {
"answer_start": [
178
],
"text": [
"Byzantine"
]
} |
572a16b56aef051400155258 | Ottoman_Empire | With the extension of Turkish dominion into the Balkans, the strategic conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective. The empire had managed to control nearly all former Byzantine lands surrounding the city, but in 1402 the Byzantines were temporarily relieved when the Turco-Mongol leader Timur, founder of the ... | What leader invaded Anatolia from the east? | {
"answer_start": [
298
],
"text": [
"Timur"
]
} |
572a16b56aef051400155259 | Ottoman_Empire | With the extension of Turkish dominion into the Balkans, the strategic conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective. The empire had managed to control nearly all former Byzantine lands surrounding the city, but in 1402 the Byzantines were temporarily relieved when the Turco-Mongol leader Timur, founder of the ... | Timur was the founder of what? | {
"answer_start": [
320
],
"text": [
"Timurid Empire"
]
} |
572a16b56aef05140015525a | Ottoman_Empire | With the extension of Turkish dominion into the Balkans, the strategic conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective. The empire had managed to control nearly all former Byzantine lands surrounding the city, but in 1402 the Byzantines were temporarily relieved when the Turco-Mongol leader Timur, founder of the ... | What battle between Timur and the Ottoman empire took place in 1402? | {
"answer_start": [
375
],
"text": [
"Battle of Ankara"
]
} |
572a18fc1d04691400779771 | Ottoman_Empire | Part of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo) were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of Poland (also King of H... | Who recovered Ottoman empire territories in the Balkans in the 1430s to the 1450s? | {
"answer_start": [
153
],
"text": [
"Murad II"
]
} |
572a18fc1d04691400779773 | Ottoman_Empire | Part of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo) were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of Poland (also King of H... | Władysław III of Poland was also the king of what? | {
"answer_start": [
319
],
"text": [
"Hungary"
]
} |
572a18fc1d04691400779774 | Ottoman_Empire | Part of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo) were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of Poland (also King of H... | What battle took place on 10 November 1444? | {
"answer_start": [
352
],
"text": [
"Battle of Varna"
]
} |
572a18fc1d04691400779775 | Ottoman_Empire | Part of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo) were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of Poland (also King of H... | In what battle did Murad II leave as the victory in 1448? | {
"answer_start": [
620
],
"text": [
"Second Battle of Kosovo"
]
} |
572a18fc1d04691400779772 | Ottoman_Empire | Part of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo) were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of Poland (also King of H... | On what date were the armies under Władysław III defeated by Murad II? | {
"answer_start": [
194
],
"text": [
"10 November 1444"
]
} |
572a19f56aef05140015527a | Ottoman_Empire | The son of Murad II, Mehmed the Conqueror, reorganized the state and the military, and conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453. Mehmed allowed the Orthodox Church to maintain its autonomy and land in exchange for accepting Ottoman authority. Because of bad relations between the states of western Europe and the later By... | Who was the son of Murad II? | {
"answer_start": [
21
],
"text": [
"Mehmed the Conqueror"
]
} |
572a19f56aef05140015527b | Ottoman_Empire | The son of Murad II, Mehmed the Conqueror, reorganized the state and the military, and conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453. Mehmed allowed the Orthodox Church to maintain its autonomy and land in exchange for accepting Ottoman authority. Because of bad relations between the states of western Europe and the later By... | What city was conquered on 29 May 1453? | {
"answer_start": [
97
],
"text": [
"Constantinople"
]
} |
572a19f56aef05140015527c | Ottoman_Empire | The son of Murad II, Mehmed the Conqueror, reorganized the state and the military, and conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453. Mehmed allowed the Orthodox Church to maintain its autonomy and land in exchange for accepting Ottoman authority. Because of bad relations between the states of western Europe and the later By... | What did the Orthodox Church get to keep in exchange for accepting the authority of the Ottoman empire? | {
"answer_start": [
175
],
"text": [
"its autonomy and land"
]
} |
572a19f56aef05140015527d | Ottoman_Empire | The son of Murad II, Mehmed the Conqueror, reorganized the state and the military, and conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453. Mehmed allowed the Orthodox Church to maintain its autonomy and land in exchange for accepting Ottoman authority. Because of bad relations between the states of western Europe and the later By... | The Orthodox population of Constantinople preferred Ottoman rule instead of what? | {
"answer_start": [
415
],
"text": [
"Venetian rule"
]
} |
572a19f56aef05140015527e | Ottoman_Empire | The son of Murad II, Mehmed the Conqueror, reorganized the state and the military, and conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453. Mehmed allowed the Orthodox Church to maintain its autonomy and land in exchange for accepting Ottoman authority. Because of bad relations between the states of western Europe and the later By... | What was the main obstacle to the expansion of the Ottoman empire into the peninsula of Italy?? | {
"answer_start": [
430
],
"text": [
"Albanian resistance"
]
} |
572a1cdf3f37b319004786eb | Ottoman_Empire | Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) captured Belgrade in 1521, conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars,[not in citation given] and, after his historical victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the territory of present-day ... | During what years was Suleiman the Magnificent alive? | {
"answer_start": [
26
],
"text": [
"1520–1566"
]
} |
572a1cdf3f37b319004786ec | Ottoman_Empire | Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) captured Belgrade in 1521, conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars,[not in citation given] and, after his historical victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the territory of present-day ... | In what year did Suleiman the Magnificent capture Belgrade? | {
"answer_start": [
58
],
"text": [
"1521"
]
} |
572a1cdf3f37b319004786ed | Ottoman_Empire | Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) captured Belgrade in 1521, conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars,[not in citation given] and, after his historical victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the territory of present-day ... | Suleiman the Magnificent had an important victory in what battle in 1526? | {
"answer_start": [
234
],
"text": [
"Battle of Mohács"
]
} |
572a1cdf3f37b319004786ee | Ottoman_Empire | Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) captured Belgrade in 1521, conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars,[not in citation given] and, after his historical victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the territory of present-day ... | After a victorious battle in 1526 in what present-day nation was Turkish rule expanded to? | {
"answer_start": [
320
],
"text": [
"Hungary"
]
} |
572a1cdf3f37b319004786ef | Ottoman_Empire | Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) captured Belgrade in 1521, conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars,[not in citation given] and, after his historical victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the territory of present-day ... | In what siege was Suleiman the Magnificent stopped when attacking Vienna in 1532? | {
"answer_start": [
524
],
"text": [
"the Siege of Güns"
]
} |
572a1e9daf94a219006aa7fd | Ottoman_Empire | France and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule, became strong allies. The French conquests of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) occurred as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and Suleiman, and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Tu... | France and the Ottoman Empire united against what? | {
"answer_start": [
62
],
"text": [
"Habsburg rule"
]
} |
572a1e9daf94a219006aa7fe | Ottoman_Empire | France and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule, became strong allies. The French conquests of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) occurred as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and Suleiman, and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Tu... | Where did the French lay conquest in 1553? | {
"answer_start": [
139
],
"text": [
"Corsica"
]
} |
572a1e9daf94a219006aa7ff | Ottoman_Empire | France and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule, became strong allies. The French conquests of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) occurred as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and Suleiman, and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Tu... | The conquest of Nice was an effort by Suleiman and what French king? | {
"answer_start": [
220
],
"text": [
"Francis I"
]
} |
572a1e9daf94a219006aa800 | Ottoman_Empire | France and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule, became strong allies. The French conquests of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) occurred as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and Suleiman, and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Tu... | What were the names of the Ottoman admirals who commanded the conquest of Nice? | {
"answer_start": [
287
],
"text": [
"Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Turgut Reis"
]
} |
572a1e9daf94a219006aa801 | Ottoman_Empire | France and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule, became strong allies. The French conquests of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) occurred as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and Suleiman, and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Tu... | What ruler recognized the Ottomans in 1547? | {
"answer_start": [
543
],
"text": [
"Ferdinand"
]
} |
572a20e4af94a219006aa80f | Ottoman_Empire | The stagnation and decline, Stephen Lee argues, was relentless after the death of Suleiman in 1566, interrupted by a few short revivals or reform and recovery. The decline gathered speed so that the Empire in 1699 was, "a mere shadow of that which intimidated East and West alike in 1566." Although there are dissenting ... | Who argues that there was steep decline and stagnation after the death of Suleiman? | {
"answer_start": [
28
],
"text": [
"Stephen Lee"
]
} |
572a20e4af94a219006aa810 | Ottoman_Empire | The stagnation and decline, Stephen Lee argues, was relentless after the death of Suleiman in 1566, interrupted by a few short revivals or reform and recovery. The decline gathered speed so that the Empire in 1699 was, "a mere shadow of that which intimidated East and West alike in 1566." Although there are dissenting ... | In what year did Suleiman die? | {
"answer_start": [
94
],
"text": [
"1566"
]
} |
572a20e4af94a219006aa811 | Ottoman_Empire | The stagnation and decline, Stephen Lee argues, was relentless after the death of Suleiman in 1566, interrupted by a few short revivals or reform and recovery. The decline gathered speed so that the Empire in 1699 was, "a mere shadow of that which intimidated East and West alike in 1566." Although there are dissenting ... | By what year was it argued that the Ottoman empire was merely "a shadow" of what it was in 1566? | {
"answer_start": [
209
],
"text": [
"1699"
]
} |
572a20e4af94a219006aa812 | Ottoman_Empire | The stagnation and decline, Stephen Lee argues, was relentless after the death of Suleiman in 1566, interrupted by a few short revivals or reform and recovery. The decline gathered speed so that the Empire in 1699 was, "a mere shadow of that which intimidated East and West alike in 1566." Although there are dissenting ... | Beginning and ending with what years does Lee argue that the rules of the Empire were incompetent? | {
"answer_start": [
695
],
"text": [
"1566 to 1703"
]
} |
572a20e4af94a219006aa813 | Ottoman_Empire | The stagnation and decline, Stephen Lee argues, was relentless after the death of Suleiman in 1566, interrupted by a few short revivals or reform and recovery. The decline gathered speed so that the Empire in 1699 was, "a mere shadow of that which intimidated East and West alike in 1566." Although there are dissenting ... | What factor caused inflation in the Ottoman empire? | {
"answer_start": [
1158
],
"text": [
"war"
]
} |
572a22256aef0514001552f8 | Ottoman_Empire | The effective military and bureaucratic structures of the previous century came under strain during a protracted period of misrule by weak Sultans. The Ottomans gradually fell behind the Europeans in military technology as the innovation that fed the Empire's forceful expansion became stifled by growing religious and i... | Poor rule by what class of people strained the empire? | {
"answer_start": [
139
],
"text": [
"Sultans"
]
} |
572a22256aef0514001552f9 | Ottoman_Empire | The effective military and bureaucratic structures of the previous century came under strain during a protracted period of misrule by weak Sultans. The Ottomans gradually fell behind the Europeans in military technology as the innovation that fed the Empire's forceful expansion became stifled by growing religious and i... | Europeans gained on the Ottoman empire in what type of technology? | {
"answer_start": [
200
],
"text": [
"military technology"
]
} |
572a22256aef0514001552fa | Ottoman_Empire | The effective military and bureaucratic structures of the previous century came under strain during a protracted period of misrule by weak Sultans. The Ottomans gradually fell behind the Europeans in military technology as the innovation that fed the Empire's forceful expansion became stifled by growing religious and i... | What types of conservative beliefs slowed the expansion of the empire? | {
"answer_start": [
305
],
"text": [
"religious and intellectual"
]
} |
572a22256aef0514001552fb | Ottoman_Empire | The effective military and bureaucratic structures of the previous century came under strain during a protracted period of misrule by weak Sultans. The Ottomans gradually fell behind the Europeans in military technology as the innovation that fed the Empire's forceful expansion became stifled by growing religious and i... | What battle took place in 1683? | {
"answer_start": [
439
],
"text": [
"Battle of Vienna"
]
} |
572a22256aef0514001552fc | Ottoman_Empire | The effective military and bureaucratic structures of the previous century came under strain during a protracted period of misrule by weak Sultans. The Ottomans gradually fell behind the Europeans in military technology as the innovation that fed the Empire's forceful expansion became stifled by growing religious and i... | The empire ceased its expansion into what area after a battle in 1683? | {
"answer_start": [
512
],
"text": [
"Europe"
]
} |
572a24703f37b3190047872f | Ottoman_Empire | The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied w... | Avoiding the strength of Ottoman trade was accomplished with the discovery of what? | {
"answer_start": [
17
],
"text": [
"new maritime trade routes"
]
} |
572a24703f37b31900478730 | Ottoman_Empire | The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied w... | What did the Portuguese discover in 1488? | {
"answer_start": [
148
],
"text": [
"the Cape of Good Hope"
]
} |
572a24703f37b31900478731 | Ottoman_Empire | The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied w... | Where did the Ottoman and Portuguese have Naval wars in the 16th century? | {
"answer_start": [
233
],
"text": [
"the Indian Ocean"
]
} |
572a24703f37b31900478732 | Ottoman_Empire | The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied w... | Who did the Ottomans ally with in the Indian Ocean? | {
"answer_start": [
279
],
"text": [
"The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire"
]
} |
572a24703f37b31900478733 | Ottoman_Empire | The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied w... | New coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire from whom? | {
"answer_start": [
528
],
"text": [
"the Portuguese"
]
} |
572a25973f37b31900478747 | Ottoman_Empire | In southern Europe, a Catholic coalition led by Philip II of Spain won a victory over the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto (1571). It was a startling, if mostly symbolic, blow to the image of Ottoman invincibility, an image which the victory of the Knights of Malta against the Ottoman invaders in the 1565 Siege o... | Which Spaniard led a battle in 1571? | {
"answer_start": [
48
],
"text": [
"Philip II"
]
} |
572a25973f37b31900478748 | Ottoman_Empire | In southern Europe, a Catholic coalition led by Philip II of Spain won a victory over the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto (1571). It was a startling, if mostly symbolic, blow to the image of Ottoman invincibility, an image which the victory of the Knights of Malta against the Ottoman invaders in the 1565 Siege o... | What battle did the Spanish win in 1571? | {
"answer_start": [
111
],
"text": [
"Battle of Lepanto"
]
} |
572a25973f37b31900478749 | Ottoman_Empire | In southern Europe, a Catholic coalition led by Philip II of Spain won a victory over the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto (1571). It was a startling, if mostly symbolic, blow to the image of Ottoman invincibility, an image which the victory of the Knights of Malta against the Ottoman invaders in the 1565 Siege o... | What siege occurred in 1565? | {
"answer_start": [
313
],
"text": [
"Siege of Malta"
]
} |
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