id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
572a5969b8ce0319002e2ad6 | Ottoman_Empire | The Ottomans absorbed some of the traditions, art and institutions of cultures in the regions they conquered, and added new dimensions to them. Numerous traditions and cultural traits of previous empires (in fields such as architecture, cuisine, music, leisure and government) were adopted by the Ottoman Turks, who elab... | What is one way that the Empire was described as it related to culture? | {
"answer_start": [
670
],
"text": [
"Persianate empire"
]
} |
572a5969b8ce0319002e2ad7 | Ottoman_Empire | The Ottomans absorbed some of the traditions, art and institutions of cultures in the regions they conquered, and added new dimensions to them. Numerous traditions and cultural traits of previous empires (in fields such as architecture, cuisine, music, leisure and government) were adopted by the Ottoman Turks, who elab... | When the Ottoman empire conquered a region what also became a part of the empire? | {
"answer_start": [
22
],
"text": [
"some of the traditions, art and institutions of cultures"
]
} |
572a5969b8ce0319002e2ad8 | Ottoman_Empire | The Ottomans absorbed some of the traditions, art and institutions of cultures in the regions they conquered, and added new dimensions to them. Numerous traditions and cultural traits of previous empires (in fields such as architecture, cuisine, music, leisure and government) were adopted by the Ottoman Turks, who elab... | The Seljuk Empire was influenced by the cultures of others resulting in it being referred to as what? | {
"answer_start": [
560
],
"text": [
"Persianised"
]
} |
572a5a23d562191400bc868d | Ottoman_Empire | Ottoman Divan poetry was a highly ritualized and symbolic art form. From the Persian poetry that largely inspired it, it inherited a wealth of symbols whose meanings and interrelationships—both of similitude (مراعات نظير mura'ât-i nazîr / تناسب tenâsüb) and opposition (تضاد tezâd) were more or less prescribed. Divan po... | What type of Ottoman poetry is ritualized? | {
"answer_start": [
8
],
"text": [
"Divan poetry"
]
} |
572a5a23d562191400bc868e | Ottoman_Empire | Ottoman Divan poetry was a highly ritualized and symbolic art form. From the Persian poetry that largely inspired it, it inherited a wealth of symbols whose meanings and interrelationships—both of similitude (مراعات نظير mura'ât-i nazîr / تناسب tenâsüb) and opposition (تضاد tezâd) were more or less prescribed. Divan po... | What kind of poetry inspired Ottoman Divan Poetry? | {
"answer_start": [
77
],
"text": [
"Persian poetry"
]
} |
572a5a23d562191400bc868f | Ottoman_Empire | Ottoman Divan poetry was a highly ritualized and symbolic art form. From the Persian poetry that largely inspired it, it inherited a wealth of symbols whose meanings and interrelationships—both of similitude (مراعات نظير mura'ât-i nazîr / تناسب tenâsüb) and opposition (تضاد tezâd) were more or less prescribed. Divan po... | What type of framework was Divan poetry based on? | {
"answer_start": [
400
],
"text": [
"a strict metrical framework"
]
} |
572a5a23d562191400bc8690 | Ottoman_Empire | Ottoman Divan poetry was a highly ritualized and symbolic art form. From the Persian poetry that largely inspired it, it inherited a wealth of symbols whose meanings and interrelationships—both of similitude (مراعات نظير mura'ât-i nazîr / تناسب tenâsüb) and opposition (تضاد tezâd) were more or less prescribed. Divan po... | What was the romance genre of Divan poetry known as? | {
"answer_start": [
697
],
"text": [
"mesnevî"
]
} |
572a5a23d562191400bc8691 | Ottoman_Empire | Ottoman Divan poetry was a highly ritualized and symbolic art form. From the Persian poetry that largely inspired it, it inherited a wealth of symbols whose meanings and interrelationships—both of similitude (مراعات نظير mura'ât-i nazîr / تناسب tenâsüb) and opposition (تضاد tezâd) were more or less prescribed. Divan po... | What make up the largest portion of Divan poetry? | {
"answer_start": [
544
],
"text": [
"gazels (which make up the greatest part of the repertoire of the tradition), or kasîdes."
]
} |
572a5abcd562191400bc8697 | Ottoman_Empire | Until the 19th century, Ottoman prose did not develop to the extent that contemporary Divan poetry did. A large part of the reason for this was that much prose was expected to adhere to the rules of sec (سجع, also transliterated as seci), or rhymed prose, a type of writing descended from the Arabic saj' and which presc... | Prose in the Ottoman empire did not develop to a higher level until which century? | {
"answer_start": [
6
],
"text": [
"the 19th century"
]
} |
572a5abcd562191400bc8698 | Ottoman_Empire | Until the 19th century, Ottoman prose did not develop to the extent that contemporary Divan poetry did. A large part of the reason for this was that much prose was expected to adhere to the rules of sec (سجع, also transliterated as seci), or rhymed prose, a type of writing descended from the Arabic saj' and which presc... | What rules did Ottoman prose have to follow? | {
"answer_start": [
186
],
"text": [
"the rules of sec (سجع, also transliterated as seci), or rhymed prose"
]
} |
572a5abcd562191400bc8699 | Ottoman_Empire | Until the 19th century, Ottoman prose did not develop to the extent that contemporary Divan poetry did. A large part of the reason for this was that much prose was expected to adhere to the rules of sec (سجع, also transliterated as seci), or rhymed prose, a type of writing descended from the Arabic saj' and which presc... | What did the rules of sec require? | {
"answer_start": [
331
],
"text": [
"between each adjective and noun in a string of words, such as a sentence, there must be a rhyme"
]
} |
572a5abcd562191400bc869a | Ottoman_Empire | Until the 19th century, Ottoman prose did not develop to the extent that contemporary Divan poetry did. A large part of the reason for this was that much prose was expected to adhere to the rules of sec (سجع, also transliterated as seci), or rhymed prose, a type of writing descended from the Arabic saj' and which presc... | Who wrote Muhayyelât? | {
"answer_start": [
601
],
"text": [
"Giritli Ali Aziz Efendi"
]
} |
572a5abcd562191400bc869b | Ottoman_Empire | Until the 19th century, Ottoman prose did not develop to the extent that contemporary Divan poetry did. A large part of the reason for this was that much prose was expected to adhere to the rules of sec (سجع, also transliterated as seci), or rhymed prose, a type of writing descended from the Arabic saj' and which presc... | When was Muhayyelât written? | {
"answer_start": [
678
],
"text": [
"1796"
]
} |
572a5b9e7a1753140016aece | Ottoman_Empire | Due to historically close ties with France, French literature came to constitute the major Western influence on Ottoman literature throughout the latter half of the 19th century. As a result, many of the same movements prevalent in France during this period also had their Ottoman equivalents: in the developing Ottoman ... | What was the biggest influence from the west on Ottoman literature? | {
"answer_start": [
44
],
"text": [
"French literature"
]
} |
572a5b9e7a1753140016aecf | Ottoman_Empire | Due to historically close ties with France, French literature came to constitute the major Western influence on Ottoman literature throughout the latter half of the 19th century. As a result, many of the same movements prevalent in France during this period also had their Ottoman equivalents: in the developing Ottoman ... | During what time period was Ottoman literate most influenced by the west? | {
"answer_start": [
142
],
"text": [
"the latter half of the 19th century"
]
} |
572a5b9e7a1753140016aed0 | Ottoman_Empire | Due to historically close ties with France, French literature came to constitute the major Western influence on Ottoman literature throughout the latter half of the 19th century. As a result, many of the same movements prevalent in France during this period also had their Ottoman equivalents: in the developing Ottoman ... | During the Tanzimat what western influence could be seen? | {
"answer_start": [
351
],
"text": [
"the influence of Romanticism"
]
} |
572a5b9e7a1753140016aed1 | Ottoman_Empire | Due to historically close ties with France, French literature came to constitute the major Western influence on Ottoman literature throughout the latter half of the 19th century. As a result, many of the same movements prevalent in France during this period also had their Ottoman equivalents: in the developing Ottoman ... | The poetic tradition had its biggest influence on what Ottoman literary movements? | {
"answer_start": [
560
],
"text": [
"the Symbolist and Parnassian movements"
]
} |
572a5b9e7a1753140016aed2 | Ottoman_Empire | Due to historically close ties with France, French literature came to constitute the major Western influence on Ottoman literature throughout the latter half of the 19th century. As a result, many of the same movements prevalent in France during this period also had their Ottoman equivalents: in the developing Ottoman ... | Romanticism, and Realism were two movements from the west that influenced the Ottoman literary scene, what was the third? | {
"answer_start": [
448
],
"text": [
"Naturalist"
]
} |
572a5df77a1753140016aede | Ottoman_Empire | Many of the writers in the Tanzimat period wrote in several different genres simultaneously: for instance, the poet Namik Kemal also wrote the important 1876 novel İntibâh ("Awakening"), while the journalist İbrahim Şinasi is noted for writing, in 1860, the first modern Turkish play, the one-act comedy "Şair Evlenmesi"... | What 1876 Novel did Namik Kemal write? | {
"answer_start": [
164
],
"text": [
"İntibâh (\"Awakening\")"
]
} |
572a5df77a1753140016aedf | Ottoman_Empire | Many of the writers in the Tanzimat period wrote in several different genres simultaneously: for instance, the poet Namik Kemal also wrote the important 1876 novel İntibâh ("Awakening"), while the journalist İbrahim Şinasi is noted for writing, in 1860, the first modern Turkish play, the one-act comedy "Şair Evlenmesi"... | What did İbrahim Şinasi write in 1860? | {
"answer_start": [
285
],
"text": [
"the one-act comedy \"Şair Evlenmesi\" (\"The Poet's Marriage\")."
]
} |
572a5df77a1753140016aee0 | Ottoman_Empire | Many of the writers in the Tanzimat period wrote in several different genres simultaneously: for instance, the poet Namik Kemal also wrote the important 1876 novel İntibâh ("Awakening"), while the journalist İbrahim Şinasi is noted for writing, in 1860, the first modern Turkish play, the one-act comedy "Şair Evlenmesi"... | Who wrote Hasan Mellâh yâhud Sırr İçinde Esrâr? | {
"answer_start": [
636
],
"text": [
"Ahmed Midhat Efendi"
]
} |
572a5df77a1753140016aee1 | Ottoman_Empire | Many of the writers in the Tanzimat period wrote in several different genres simultaneously: for instance, the poet Namik Kemal also wrote the important 1876 novel İntibâh ("Awakening"), while the journalist İbrahim Şinasi is noted for writing, in 1860, the first modern Turkish play, the one-act comedy "Şair Evlenmesi"... | What Realist novel did Ahmed Midhat Efendi write in 1881? | {
"answer_start": [
833
],
"text": [
"Henüz On Yedi Yaşında"
]
} |
572a5df77a1753140016aee2 | Ottoman_Empire | Many of the writers in the Tanzimat period wrote in several different genres simultaneously: for instance, the poet Namik Kemal also wrote the important 1876 novel İntibâh ("Awakening"), while the journalist İbrahim Şinasi is noted for writing, in 1860, the first modern Turkish play, the one-act comedy "Şair Evlenmesi"... | What did writers of the Tanzimat period hope to accomplish with their publications? | {
"answer_start": [
1089
],
"text": [
"contribute to a revitalization of Ottoman social structures"
]
} |
572a5f33b8ce0319002e2ae5 | Ottoman_Empire | Examples of Ottoman architecture of the classical period, besides Istanbul and Edirne, can also be seen in Egypt, Eritrea, Tunisia, Algiers, the Balkans and Romania, where mosques, bridges, fountains and schools were built. The art of Ottoman decoration developed with a multitude of influences due to the wide ethnic ra... | Ottoman artists mixed Chinese art with the art of what else? | {
"answer_start": [
467
],
"text": [
"traditional Byzantine art"
]
} |
572a5f33b8ce0319002e2ae6 | Ottoman_Empire | Examples of Ottoman architecture of the classical period, besides Istanbul and Edirne, can also be seen in Egypt, Eritrea, Tunisia, Algiers, the Balkans and Romania, where mosques, bridges, fountains and schools were built. The art of Ottoman decoration developed with a multitude of influences due to the wide ethnic ra... | The ottoman empire built structures in Romania that included Mosques, and Bridges, what else was built? | {
"answer_start": [
190
],
"text": [
"fountains and schools"
]
} |
572a5f33b8ce0319002e2ae7 | Ottoman_Empire | Examples of Ottoman architecture of the classical period, besides Istanbul and Edirne, can also be seen in Egypt, Eritrea, Tunisia, Algiers, the Balkans and Romania, where mosques, bridges, fountains and schools were built. The art of Ottoman decoration developed with a multitude of influences due to the wide ethnic ra... | Why did the art of the Ottoman empire develop the way it did? | {
"answer_start": [
302
],
"text": [
"the wide ethnic range of the Ottoman Empire"
]
} |
572a5f33b8ce0319002e2ae8 | Ottoman_Empire | Examples of Ottoman architecture of the classical period, besides Istanbul and Edirne, can also be seen in Egypt, Eritrea, Tunisia, Algiers, the Balkans and Romania, where mosques, bridges, fountains and schools were built. The art of Ottoman decoration developed with a multitude of influences due to the wide ethnic ra... | Beside Edirne, Istanbul, and Egypt what other locations can one find the influence of the Ottoman classical period? | {
"answer_start": [
114
],
"text": [
"Eritrea, Tunisia, Algiers, the Balkans and Romania"
]
} |
572a600cfed8de19000d5bb9 | Ottoman_Empire | Ottoman illumination covers non-figurative painted or drawn decorative art in books or on sheets in muraqqa or albums, as opposed to the figurative images of the Ottoman miniature. It was a part of the Ottoman Book Arts together with the Ottoman miniature (taswir), calligraphy (hat), Islamic calligraphy, bookbinding (c... | Were would one find the sheets where Ottoman's created illuminated decorations? | {
"answer_start": [
100
],
"text": [
"muraqqa"
]
} |
572a600cfed8de19000d5bba | Ottoman_Empire | Ottoman illumination covers non-figurative painted or drawn decorative art in books or on sheets in muraqqa or albums, as opposed to the figurative images of the Ottoman miniature. It was a part of the Ottoman Book Arts together with the Ottoman miniature (taswir), calligraphy (hat), Islamic calligraphy, bookbinding (c... | What is another name for an Ottoman miniature? | {
"answer_start": [
257
],
"text": [
"taswir"
]
} |
572a600cfed8de19000d5bbb | Ottoman_Empire | Ottoman illumination covers non-figurative painted or drawn decorative art in books or on sheets in muraqqa or albums, as opposed to the figurative images of the Ottoman miniature. It was a part of the Ottoman Book Arts together with the Ottoman miniature (taswir), calligraphy (hat), Islamic calligraphy, bookbinding (c... | Ottoman calligraphy can also be referred to as what? | {
"answer_start": [
279
],
"text": [
"hat"
]
} |
572a600cfed8de19000d5bbc | Ottoman_Empire | Ottoman illumination covers non-figurative painted or drawn decorative art in books or on sheets in muraqqa or albums, as opposed to the figurative images of the Ottoman miniature. It was a part of the Ottoman Book Arts together with the Ottoman miniature (taswir), calligraphy (hat), Islamic calligraphy, bookbinding (c... | Who commissioned illustrated manuscripts in the Ottoman empire? | {
"answer_start": [
436
],
"text": [
"the Sultan or the administrators of the court"
]
} |
572a600cfed8de19000d5bbd | Ottoman_Empire | Ottoman illumination covers non-figurative painted or drawn decorative art in books or on sheets in muraqqa or albums, as opposed to the figurative images of the Ottoman miniature. It was a part of the Ottoman Book Arts together with the Ottoman miniature (taswir), calligraphy (hat), Islamic calligraphy, bookbinding (c... | What palace was the place of creation for illustrated manuscripts? | {
"answer_start": [
486
],
"text": [
"Topkapi Palace"
]
} |
572a60d8d562191400bc86a1 | Ottoman_Empire | The art of carpet weaving was particularly significant in the Ottoman Empire, carpets having an immense importance both as decorative furnishings, rich in religious and other symbolism, and as a practical consideration, as it was customary to remove one's shoes in living quarters. The weaving of such carpets originated... | Which art was important in religious symbolism and as a decoration in the Ottoman empire? | {
"answer_start": [
11
],
"text": [
"carpet weaving"
]
} |
572a60d8d562191400bc86a2 | Ottoman_Empire | The art of carpet weaving was particularly significant in the Ottoman Empire, carpets having an immense importance both as decorative furnishings, rich in religious and other symbolism, and as a practical consideration, as it was customary to remove one's shoes in living quarters. The weaving of such carpets originated... | What was the custom for those wearing shoes indoors in the Ottoman empire? | {
"answer_start": [
223
],
"text": [
"it was customary to remove one's shoes"
]
} |
572a60d8d562191400bc86a3 | Ottoman_Empire | The art of carpet weaving was particularly significant in the Ottoman Empire, carpets having an immense importance both as decorative furnishings, rich in religious and other symbolism, and as a practical consideration, as it was customary to remove one's shoes in living quarters. The weaving of such carpets originated... | Where did carpet weaving in the Empire originate? | {
"answer_start": [
324
],
"text": [
"the nomadic cultures of central Asia"
]
} |
572a60d8d562191400bc86a4 | Ottoman_Empire | The art of carpet weaving was particularly significant in the Ottoman Empire, carpets having an immense importance both as decorative furnishings, rich in religious and other symbolism, and as a practical consideration, as it was customary to remove one's shoes in living quarters. The weaving of such carpets originated... | Where did carpet weaving initially spread to inside of the Empire? | {
"answer_start": [
475
],
"text": [
"Anatolia"
]
} |
572a60d8d562191400bc86a5 | Ottoman_Empire | The art of carpet weaving was particularly significant in the Ottoman Empire, carpets having an immense importance both as decorative furnishings, rich in religious and other symbolism, and as a practical consideration, as it was customary to remove one's shoes in living quarters. The weaving of such carpets originated... | Kilims were used by Turks to provide insulation where? | {
"answer_start": [
580
],
"text": [
"walls and doorways"
]
} |
572a61a9fed8de19000d5bd7 | Ottoman_Empire | Ottoman classical music was an important part of the education of the Ottoman elite, a number of the Ottoman sultans were accomplished musicians and composers themselves, such as Selim III, whose compositions are often still performed today. Ottoman classical music arose largely from a confluence of Byzantine music, Ar... | The elites of the Ottoman empire found what type of music important? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Ottoman classical music"
]
} |
572a61a9fed8de19000d5bd8 | Ottoman_Empire | Ottoman classical music was an important part of the education of the Ottoman elite, a number of the Ottoman sultans were accomplished musicians and composers themselves, such as Selim III, whose compositions are often still performed today. Ottoman classical music arose largely from a confluence of Byzantine music, Ar... | Many of the Sultans of the Ottoman empire were accomplished at being what? | {
"answer_start": [
135
],
"text": [
"musicians and composers"
]
} |
572a61a9fed8de19000d5bd9 | Ottoman_Empire | Ottoman classical music was an important part of the education of the Ottoman elite, a number of the Ottoman sultans were accomplished musicians and composers themselves, such as Selim III, whose compositions are often still performed today. Ottoman classical music arose largely from a confluence of Byzantine music, Ar... | The sultan known by what name has compositions which are still performed today? | {
"answer_start": [
179
],
"text": [
"Selim III"
]
} |
572a61a9fed8de19000d5bda | Ottoman_Empire | Ottoman classical music was an important part of the education of the Ottoman elite, a number of the Ottoman sultans were accomplished musicians and composers themselves, such as Selim III, whose compositions are often still performed today. Ottoman classical music arose largely from a confluence of Byzantine music, Ar... | What rhythmic units does Ottoman classical music use? | {
"answer_start": [
416
],
"text": [
"units called usul"
]
} |
572a61a9fed8de19000d5bdb | Ottoman_Empire | Ottoman classical music was an important part of the education of the Ottoman elite, a number of the Ottoman sultans were accomplished musicians and composers themselves, such as Selim III, whose compositions are often still performed today. Ottoman classical music arose largely from a confluence of Byzantine music, Ar... | What are the melodic units used by Ottoman classical music? | {
"answer_start": [
514
],
"text": [
"makam"
]
} |
572a6269b8ce0319002e2b01 | Ottoman_Empire | The instruments used are a mixture of Anatolian and Central Asian instruments (the saz, the bağlama, the kemence), other Middle Eastern instruments (the ud, the tanbur, the kanun, the ney), and—later in the tradition—Western instruments (the violin and the piano). Because of a geographic and cultural divide between the... | What are the three most used Anatolian and central asian instruments in Ottoman Classical music? | {
"answer_start": [
79
],
"text": [
"the saz, the bağlama, the kemence"
]
} |
572a6269b8ce0319002e2b02 | Ottoman_Empire | The instruments used are a mixture of Anatolian and Central Asian instruments (the saz, the bağlama, the kemence), other Middle Eastern instruments (the ud, the tanbur, the kanun, the ney), and—later in the tradition—Western instruments (the violin and the piano). Because of a geographic and cultural divide between the... | Which Middle Eastern instruments can be heard in Ottoman classical music? | {
"answer_start": [
149
],
"text": [
"the ud, the tanbur, the kanun, the ney"
]
} |
572a6269b8ce0319002e2b03 | Ottoman_Empire | The instruments used are a mixture of Anatolian and Central Asian instruments (the saz, the bağlama, the kemence), other Middle Eastern instruments (the ud, the tanbur, the kanun, the ney), and—later in the tradition—Western instruments (the violin and the piano). Because of a geographic and cultural divide between the... | In late Ottoman classical music one can find Western instruments, what were they? | {
"answer_start": [
238
],
"text": [
"the violin and the piano"
]
} |
572a6269b8ce0319002e2b04 | Ottoman_Empire | The instruments used are a mixture of Anatolian and Central Asian instruments (the saz, the bağlama, the kemence), other Middle Eastern instruments (the ud, the tanbur, the kanun, the ney), and—later in the tradition—Western instruments (the violin and the piano). Because of a geographic and cultural divide between the... | There were two main style of music in the Ottoman empire, what were they? | {
"answer_start": [
420
],
"text": [
"classical music, and folk music"
]
} |
572a6269b8ce0319002e2b05 | Ottoman_Empire | The instruments used are a mixture of Anatolian and Central Asian instruments (the saz, the bağlama, the kemence), other Middle Eastern instruments (the ud, the tanbur, the kanun, the ney), and—later in the tradition—Western instruments (the violin and the piano). Because of a geographic and cultural divide between the... | What were the most distinctive style of music in the Ottoman provinces? | {
"answer_start": [
772
],
"text": [
"Janissary Music, Roma music, Belly dance, Turkish folk music"
]
} |
572a6389d562191400bc86ab | Ottoman_Empire | Ottoman cuisine refers to the cuisine of the capital, Istanbul, and the regional capital cities, where the melting pot of cultures created a common cuisine that most of the population regardless of ethnicity shared. This diverse cuisine was honed in the Imperial Palace's kitchens by chefs brought from certain parts of ... | The cuisine known as Ottoman cuisine is in reference to the food eaten where? | {
"answer_start": [
41
],
"text": [
"the capital, Istanbul, and the regional capital cities"
]
} |
572a6389d562191400bc86ac | Ottoman_Empire | Ottoman cuisine refers to the cuisine of the capital, Istanbul, and the regional capital cities, where the melting pot of cultures created a common cuisine that most of the population regardless of ethnicity shared. This diverse cuisine was honed in the Imperial Palace's kitchens by chefs brought from certain parts of ... | In what kitchen's was Ottoman cuisine perfected? | {
"answer_start": [
250
],
"text": [
"the Imperial Palace's kitchens"
]
} |
572a6389d562191400bc86ad | Ottoman_Empire | Ottoman cuisine refers to the cuisine of the capital, Istanbul, and the regional capital cities, where the melting pot of cultures created a common cuisine that most of the population regardless of ethnicity shared. This diverse cuisine was honed in the Imperial Palace's kitchens by chefs brought from certain parts of ... | What is one type of religious event that the general public may come to experience the creations of the Imperial Palace? | {
"answer_start": [
480
],
"text": [
"Ramadan"
]
} |
572a6389d562191400bc86ae | Ottoman_Empire | Ottoman cuisine refers to the cuisine of the capital, Istanbul, and the regional capital cities, where the melting pot of cultures created a common cuisine that most of the population regardless of ethnicity shared. This diverse cuisine was honed in the Imperial Palace's kitchens by chefs brought from certain parts of ... | Preparing food at the Yalıs of the Pashas was one way Ottoman Cuisine might spread to whom? | {
"answer_start": [
443
],
"text": [
"the population"
]
} |
572a6389d562191400bc86af | Ottoman_Empire | Ottoman cuisine refers to the cuisine of the capital, Istanbul, and the regional capital cities, where the melting pot of cultures created a common cuisine that most of the population regardless of ethnicity shared. This diverse cuisine was honed in the Imperial Palace's kitchens by chefs brought from certain parts of ... | What did the chefs ingredients in the Imperial Palace's kitchens? | {
"answer_start": [
334
],
"text": [
"create and experiment"
]
} |
572a6495fed8de19000d5be1 | Ottoman_Empire | Much of the cuisine of former Ottoman territories today is descended from a shared Ottoman cuisine, especially Turkish cuisine, and including Greek cuisine, Balkan cuisine, Armenian cuisine, and Middle Eastern cuisine. Many common dishes in the region, descendants of the once-common Ottoman cuisine, include yogurt, dön... | Turkish cuisine originates from what source? | {
"answer_start": [
74
],
"text": [
"a shared Ottoman cuisine"
]
} |
572a6495fed8de19000d5be2 | Ottoman_Empire | Much of the cuisine of former Ottoman territories today is descended from a shared Ottoman cuisine, especially Turkish cuisine, and including Greek cuisine, Balkan cuisine, Armenian cuisine, and Middle Eastern cuisine. Many common dishes in the region, descendants of the once-common Ottoman cuisine, include yogurt, dön... | The cuisine of what territories are descended from Ottoman cuisine? | {
"answer_start": [
23
],
"text": [
"former Ottoman territories"
]
} |
572a6495fed8de19000d5be3 | Ottoman_Empire | Much of the cuisine of former Ottoman territories today is descended from a shared Ottoman cuisine, especially Turkish cuisine, and including Greek cuisine, Balkan cuisine, Armenian cuisine, and Middle Eastern cuisine. Many common dishes in the region, descendants of the once-common Ottoman cuisine, include yogurt, dön... | Turkish and Greek cuisine are descended from Ottoman Cuisine, along with the food of what other regions? | {
"answer_start": [
157
],
"text": [
"Balkan cuisine, Armenian cuisine, and Middle Eastern cuisine"
]
} |
572a6495fed8de19000d5be4 | Ottoman_Empire | Much of the cuisine of former Ottoman territories today is descended from a shared Ottoman cuisine, especially Turkish cuisine, and including Greek cuisine, Balkan cuisine, Armenian cuisine, and Middle Eastern cuisine. Many common dishes in the region, descendants of the once-common Ottoman cuisine, include yogurt, dön... | Turkish coffee is descended from what? | {
"answer_start": [
83
],
"text": [
"Ottoman cuisine"
]
} |
572a6495fed8de19000d5be5 | Ottoman_Empire | Much of the cuisine of former Ottoman territories today is descended from a shared Ottoman cuisine, especially Turkish cuisine, and including Greek cuisine, Balkan cuisine, Armenian cuisine, and Middle Eastern cuisine. Many common dishes in the region, descendants of the once-common Ottoman cuisine, include yogurt, dön... | Pita bread descends from what type of cuisine? | {
"answer_start": [
83
],
"text": [
"Ottoman cuisine"
]
} |
572a6560b8ce0319002e2b1d | Ottoman_Empire | Over the course of Ottoman history, the Ottomans managed to build a large collection of libraries complete with translations of books from other cultures, as well as original manuscripts. A great part of this desire for local and foreign manuscripts arose in the 15th Century. Sultan Mehmet II ordered Georgios Amiroutze... | In what century did the Ottoman's start to desire foreign manuscripts? | {
"answer_start": [
263
],
"text": [
"15th Century"
]
} |
572a6560b8ce0319002e2b1e | Ottoman_Empire | Over the course of Ottoman history, the Ottomans managed to build a large collection of libraries complete with translations of books from other cultures, as well as original manuscripts. A great part of this desire for local and foreign manuscripts arose in the 15th Century. Sultan Mehmet II ordered Georgios Amiroutze... | Which sultan ordered a Greek scholar to do translations of work by Ptolemy? | {
"answer_start": [
277
],
"text": [
"Sultan Mehmet II"
]
} |
572a6560b8ce0319002e2b1f | Ottoman_Empire | Over the course of Ottoman history, the Ottomans managed to build a large collection of libraries complete with translations of books from other cultures, as well as original manuscripts. A great part of this desire for local and foreign manuscripts arose in the 15th Century. Sultan Mehmet II ordered Georgios Amiroutze... | Who did an Ottoman sultan order to translate work by Ptolemy? | {
"answer_start": [
302
],
"text": [
"Georgios Amiroutzes"
]
} |
572a6560b8ce0319002e2b20 | Ottoman_Empire | Over the course of Ottoman history, the Ottomans managed to build a large collection of libraries complete with translations of books from other cultures, as well as original manuscripts. A great part of this desire for local and foreign manuscripts arose in the 15th Century. Sultan Mehmet II ordered Georgios Amiroutze... | How many years did Ali Qushji spend in Istanbul? | {
"answer_start": [
714
],
"text": [
"two or three years"
]
} |
572a6560b8ce0319002e2b21 | Ottoman_Empire | Over the course of Ottoman history, the Ottomans managed to build a large collection of libraries complete with translations of books from other cultures, as well as original manuscripts. A great part of this desire for local and foreign manuscripts arose in the 15th Century. Sultan Mehmet II ordered Georgios Amiroutze... | Where was Ali Qushji from? | {
"answer_start": [
526
],
"text": [
"originally from Samarkand"
]
} |
572a660cd562191400bc86b5 | Ottoman_Empire | The main sports Ottomans were engaged in were Turkish Wrestling, hunting, Turkish archery, horseback riding, Equestrian javelin throw, arm wrestling, and swimming. European model sports clubs were formed with the spreading popularity of football matches in 19th century Constantinople. The leading clubs, according to ti... | When did European sport clubs begin to form in the Ottoman empire? | {
"answer_start": [
257
],
"text": [
"19th century"
]
} |
572a660cd562191400bc86b6 | Ottoman_Empire | The main sports Ottomans were engaged in were Turkish Wrestling, hunting, Turkish archery, horseback riding, Equestrian javelin throw, arm wrestling, and swimming. European model sports clubs were formed with the spreading popularity of football matches in 19th century Constantinople. The leading clubs, according to ti... | Where did football matches become to be popular in the Ottoman empire? | {
"answer_start": [
270
],
"text": [
"Constantinople"
]
} |
572a660cd562191400bc86b7 | Ottoman_Empire | The main sports Ottomans were engaged in were Turkish Wrestling, hunting, Turkish archery, horseback riding, Equestrian javelin throw, arm wrestling, and swimming. European model sports clubs were formed with the spreading popularity of football matches in 19th century Constantinople. The leading clubs, according to ti... | What was the leading sport club in 1905? | {
"answer_start": [
366
],
"text": [
"Galatasaray Sports Club"
]
} |
572a660cd562191400bc86b8 | Ottoman_Empire | The main sports Ottomans were engaged in were Turkish Wrestling, hunting, Turkish archery, horseback riding, Equestrian javelin throw, arm wrestling, and swimming. European model sports clubs were formed with the spreading popularity of football matches in 19th century Constantinople. The leading clubs, according to ti... | In what year did the Altay Sports Club form? | {
"answer_start": [
552
],
"text": [
"1914"
]
} |
572a660cd562191400bc86b9 | Ottoman_Empire | The main sports Ottomans were engaged in were Turkish Wrestling, hunting, Turkish archery, horseback riding, Equestrian javelin throw, arm wrestling, and swimming. European model sports clubs were formed with the spreading popularity of football matches in 19th century Constantinople. The leading clubs, according to ti... | What was the football club known as Ülküspor formerly known as? | {
"answer_start": [
562
],
"text": [
"Turkish Fatherland Football Club"
]
} |
572a12a83f37b3190047869d | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | Philosophy of space and time is the branch of philosophy concerned with the issues surrounding the ontology, epistemology, and character of space and time. While such ideas have been central to philosophy from its inception, the philosophy of space and time was both an inspiration for and a central aspect of early anal... | Which philosophy branch is concerned with issues surrounding ontology? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Philosophy of space and time"
]
} |
572a12a83f37b3190047869e | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | Philosophy of space and time is the branch of philosophy concerned with the issues surrounding the ontology, epistemology, and character of space and time. While such ideas have been central to philosophy from its inception, the philosophy of space and time was both an inspiration for and a central aspect of early anal... | The philosophy of space and time was inspired by what kind of philosophy? | {
"answer_start": [
310
],
"text": [
"early analytic philosophy"
]
} |
572a12a83f37b3190047869f | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | Philosophy of space and time is the branch of philosophy concerned with the issues surrounding the ontology, epistemology, and character of space and time. While such ideas have been central to philosophy from its inception, the philosophy of space and time was both an inspiration for and a central aspect of early anal... | The philosophy of space and time focuses on whether or not time and space exist independently of what? | {
"answer_start": [
449
],
"text": [
"the mind"
]
} |
572a12a83f37b319004786a0 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | Philosophy of space and time is the branch of philosophy concerned with the issues surrounding the ontology, epistemology, and character of space and time. While such ideas have been central to philosophy from its inception, the philosophy of space and time was both an inspiration for and a central aspect of early anal... | The philosophy of space and time focuses what kind of flow within time? | {
"answer_start": [
544
],
"text": [
"unidirectional"
]
} |
572a13263f37b319004786a5 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | The earliest recorded Western philosophy of time was expounded by the ancient Egyptian thinker Ptahhotep (c. 2650–2600 BC), who said, "Do not lessen the time of following desire, for the wasting of time is an abomination to the spirit." The Vedas, the earliest texts on Indian philosophy and Hindu philosophy, dating bac... | Who expounded the earliest recorded Western philosophy of time? | {
"answer_start": [
95
],
"text": [
"Ptahhotep"
]
} |
572a13263f37b319004786a6 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | The earliest recorded Western philosophy of time was expounded by the ancient Egyptian thinker Ptahhotep (c. 2650–2600 BC), who said, "Do not lessen the time of following desire, for the wasting of time is an abomination to the spirit." The Vedas, the earliest texts on Indian philosophy and Hindu philosophy, dating bac... | When do the Vedas date back to? | {
"answer_start": [
329
],
"text": [
"late 2nd millennium BC"
]
} |
572a13263f37b319004786a7 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | The earliest recorded Western philosophy of time was expounded by the ancient Egyptian thinker Ptahhotep (c. 2650–2600 BC), who said, "Do not lessen the time of following desire, for the wasting of time is an abomination to the spirit." The Vedas, the earliest texts on Indian philosophy and Hindu philosophy, dating bac... | Which philosophies are the Vedas oriented with? | {
"answer_start": [
270
],
"text": [
"Indian philosophy and Hindu philosophy"
]
} |
572a13263f37b319004786a8 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | The earliest recorded Western philosophy of time was expounded by the ancient Egyptian thinker Ptahhotep (c. 2650–2600 BC), who said, "Do not lessen the time of following desire, for the wasting of time is an abomination to the spirit." The Vedas, the earliest texts on Indian philosophy and Hindu philosophy, dating bac... | What do the Vedas describe? | {
"answer_start": [
362
],
"text": [
"ancient Hindu cosmology"
]
} |
572a13263f37b319004786a9 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | The earliest recorded Western philosophy of time was expounded by the ancient Egyptian thinker Ptahhotep (c. 2650–2600 BC), who said, "Do not lessen the time of following desire, for the wasting of time is an abomination to the spirit." The Vedas, the earliest texts on Indian philosophy and Hindu philosophy, dating bac... | How long is the cycle of rebirth discussed in the Vedas? | {
"answer_start": [
501
],
"text": [
"4,320,000 years"
]
} |
572a13e71d04691400779745 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | In Book 11 of St. Augustine's Confessions, he ruminates on the nature of time, asking, "What then is time? If no one asks me, I know: if I wish to explain it to one that asketh, I know not." He goes on to comment on the difficulty of thinking about time, pointing out the inaccuracy of common speech: "For but few things... | Which christian philosopher ruminated on time? | {
"answer_start": [
14
],
"text": [
"St. Augustine"
]
} |
572a13e71d04691400779746 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | In Book 11 of St. Augustine's Confessions, he ruminates on the nature of time, asking, "What then is time? If no one asks me, I know: if I wish to explain it to one that asketh, I know not." He goes on to comment on the difficulty of thinking about time, pointing out the inaccuracy of common speech: "For but few things... | What did St. Augustine comment on in Book 11, regarding thinking about time? | {
"answer_start": [
216
],
"text": [
"the difficulty"
]
} |
572a13e71d04691400779747 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | In Book 11 of St. Augustine's Confessions, he ruminates on the nature of time, asking, "What then is time? If no one asks me, I know: if I wish to explain it to one that asketh, I know not." He goes on to comment on the difficulty of thinking about time, pointing out the inaccuracy of common speech: "For but few things... | Who presented the first philosophical argument for the reality of Creation? | {
"answer_start": [
443
],
"text": [
"Augustine"
]
} |
572a13e71d04691400779748 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | In Book 11 of St. Augustine's Confessions, he ruminates on the nature of time, asking, "What then is time? If no one asks me, I know: if I wish to explain it to one that asketh, I know not." He goes on to comment on the difficulty of thinking about time, pointing out the inaccuracy of common speech: "For but few things... | What did Augustine say that the knowledge of time depended on? | {
"answer_start": [
627
],
"text": [
"the knowledge of the movement of things"
]
} |
572a13e71d04691400779749 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | In Book 11 of St. Augustine's Confessions, he ruminates on the nature of time, asking, "What then is time? If no one asks me, I know: if I wish to explain it to one that asketh, I know not." He goes on to comment on the difficulty of thinking about time, pointing out the inaccuracy of common speech: "For but few things... | Where did Augustine say time could not appear? | {
"answer_start": [
697
],
"text": [
"where there are no creatures to measure its passing"
]
} |
572a14abaf94a219006aa7bb | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | In the early 11th century, the Muslim physicist Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen or Alhazen) discussed space perception and its epistemological implications in his Book of Optics (1021), he also rejected Aristotle's definition of topos (Physics IV) by way of geometric demonstrations and defined place as a mathematical spatial e... | Which 11th century Muslim physicist discussed space perception and its epistemological implications? | {
"answer_start": [
52
],
"text": [
"al-Haytham"
]
} |
572a14abaf94a219006aa7bc | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | In the early 11th century, the Muslim physicist Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen or Alhazen) discussed space perception and its epistemological implications in his Book of Optics (1021), he also rejected Aristotle's definition of topos (Physics IV) by way of geometric demonstrations and defined place as a mathematical spatial e... | Which 11th century book discussed space perception and its epistemological implications? | {
"answer_start": [
155
],
"text": [
"Book of Optics"
]
} |
572a14abaf94a219006aa7bd | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | In the early 11th century, the Muslim physicist Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen or Alhazen) discussed space perception and its epistemological implications in his Book of Optics (1021), he also rejected Aristotle's definition of topos (Physics IV) by way of geometric demonstrations and defined place as a mathematical spatial e... | Whose definition of topos did Alhazen reject? | {
"answer_start": [
195
],
"text": [
"Aristotle's"
]
} |
572a14abaf94a219006aa7be | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | In the early 11th century, the Muslim physicist Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen or Alhazen) discussed space perception and its epistemological implications in his Book of Optics (1021), he also rejected Aristotle's definition of topos (Physics IV) by way of geometric demonstrations and defined place as a mathematical spatial e... | Alhazen's experimental proof of the intromission model of vision led to the change of understanding of what? | {
"answer_start": [
724
],
"text": [
"Without tangible notions of distance and size for correlation, sight can tell us next to nothing about such things"
]
} |
572a14abaf94a219006aa7bf | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | In the early 11th century, the Muslim physicist Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen or Alhazen) discussed space perception and its epistemological implications in his Book of Optics (1021), he also rejected Aristotle's definition of topos (Physics IV) by way of geometric demonstrations and defined place as a mathematical spatial e... | Alhazen stated that without tangible notions of distance and size for correlation, sight can tell us what about spatial perception? | {
"answer_start": [
805
],
"text": [
"next to nothing"
]
} |
572a15386aef05140015524c | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | In 1781, Immanuel Kant published the Critique of Pure Reason, one of the most influential works in the history of the philosophy of space and time. He describes time as an a priori notion that, together with other a priori notions such as space, allows us to comprehend sense experience. Kant denies that either space or... | When did Kant publish one of the most influential works in the history of the philosophy of space and time. | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"1781"
]
} |
572a15386aef05140015524d | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | In 1781, Immanuel Kant published the Critique of Pure Reason, one of the most influential works in the history of the philosophy of space and time. He describes time as an a priori notion that, together with other a priori notions such as space, allows us to comprehend sense experience. Kant denies that either space or... | What was Kant's influential work on the history of the philosophy of space and time titled? | {
"answer_start": [
37
],
"text": [
"Critique of Pure Reason"
]
} |
572a15386aef05140015524e | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | In 1781, Immanuel Kant published the Critique of Pure Reason, one of the most influential works in the history of the philosophy of space and time. He describes time as an a priori notion that, together with other a priori notions such as space, allows us to comprehend sense experience. Kant denies that either space or... | What did Kant describe time as? | {
"answer_start": [
172
],
"text": [
"a priori notion"
]
} |
572a15386aef05140015524f | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | In 1781, Immanuel Kant published the Critique of Pure Reason, one of the most influential works in the history of the philosophy of space and time. He describes time as an a priori notion that, together with other a priori notions such as space, allows us to comprehend sense experience. Kant denies that either space or... | What did Kant say was similar notion to time? | {
"answer_start": [
239
],
"text": [
"space"
]
} |
572a15386aef051400155250 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | In 1781, Immanuel Kant published the Critique of Pure Reason, one of the most influential works in the history of the philosophy of space and time. He describes time as an a priori notion that, together with other a priori notions such as space, allows us to comprehend sense experience. Kant denies that either space or... | What did Kant say time and space allow one to do? | {
"answer_start": [
270
],
"text": [
"sense experience"
]
} |
572a166d1d04691400779757 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | Arguing against the absolutist position, Leibniz offers a number of thought experiments with the purpose of showing that there is contradiction in assuming the existence of facts such as absolute location and velocity. These arguments trade heavily on two principles central to his philosophy: the principle of sufficien... | What did Leibniz argue against? | {
"answer_start": [
16
],
"text": [
"the absolutist position"
]
} |
572a166d1d04691400779758 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | Arguing against the absolutist position, Leibniz offers a number of thought experiments with the purpose of showing that there is contradiction in assuming the existence of facts such as absolute location and velocity. These arguments trade heavily on two principles central to his philosophy: the principle of sufficien... | Which principles did Leibniz's arguments trade heavily upon? | {
"answer_start": [
294
],
"text": [
"the principle of sufficient reason and the identity of indiscernibles"
]
} |
572a166d1d04691400779759 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | Arguing against the absolutist position, Leibniz offers a number of thought experiments with the purpose of showing that there is contradiction in assuming the existence of facts such as absolute location and velocity. These arguments trade heavily on two principles central to his philosophy: the principle of sufficien... | Leibnitz held that there is a reason that is sufficient to explain what and why it is the way it is and not otherwise for every what? | {
"answer_start": [
421
],
"text": [
"fact"
]
} |
572a166d1d0469140077975a | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | Arguing against the absolutist position, Leibniz offers a number of thought experiments with the purpose of showing that there is contradiction in assuming the existence of facts such as absolute location and velocity. These arguments trade heavily on two principles central to his philosophy: the principle of sufficien... | What states that if there is no way of telling two entities apart, then they are one and the same thing? | {
"answer_start": [
531
],
"text": [
"identity of indiscernibles"
]
} |
572a18491d04691400779769 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | The example Leibniz uses involves two proposed universes situated in absolute space. The only discernible difference between them is that the latter is positioned five feet to the left of the first. The example is only possible if such a thing as absolute space exists. Such a situation, however, is not possible, accord... | Leibniz's example involves how many universes? | {
"answer_start": [
34
],
"text": [
"two"
]
} |
572a18491d0469140077976a | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | The example Leibniz uses involves two proposed universes situated in absolute space. The only discernible difference between them is that the latter is positioned five feet to the left of the first. The example is only possible if such a thing as absolute space exists. Such a situation, however, is not possible, accord... | Where are Leibniz's universes situated? | {
"answer_start": [
69
],
"text": [
"absolute space"
]
} |
572a18491d0469140077976b | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | The example Leibniz uses involves two proposed universes situated in absolute space. The only discernible difference between them is that the latter is positioned five feet to the left of the first. The example is only possible if such a thing as absolute space exists. Such a situation, however, is not possible, accord... | How far are Leibniz's universes situated apart? | {
"answer_start": [
163
],
"text": [
"five feet"
]
} |
572a18491d0469140077976c | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | The example Leibniz uses involves two proposed universes situated in absolute space. The only discernible difference between them is that the latter is positioned five feet to the left of the first. The example is only possible if such a thing as absolute space exists. Such a situation, however, is not possible, accord... | What is the only way Leibniz's example would be possible? | {
"answer_start": [
247
],
"text": [
"absolute space exists"
]
} |
572a1a6b1d04691400779789 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | Standing out in Clarke's (and Newton's) response to Leibniz's arguments is the bucket argument: Water in a bucket, hung from a rope and set to spin, will start with a flat surface. As the water begins to spin in the bucket, the surface of the water will become concave. If the bucket is stopped, the water will continue ... | What stood out in Clark's response to Leibniz? | {
"answer_start": [
75
],
"text": [
"the bucket argument"
]
} |
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