id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
572a1ef73f37b319004786ff | Neolithic | In 1981 a team of researchers from the Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, including Jacques Cauvin and Oliver Aurenche divided Near East neolithic chronology into ten periods (0 to 9) based on social, economic and cultural characteristics. In 2002 Danielle Stordeur and Frédéric Abbès advanced this system with a ... | What are the names of two researchers who divided neolithic chronology into ten periods? | {
"answer_start": [
91
],
"text": [
"Jacques Cauvin and Oliver Aurenche"
]
} |
572a1ef73f37b31900478700 | Neolithic | In 1981 a team of researchers from the Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, including Jacques Cauvin and Oliver Aurenche divided Near East neolithic chronology into ten periods (0 to 9) based on social, economic and cultural characteristics. In 2002 Danielle Stordeur and Frédéric Abbès advanced this system with a ... | What traits did researchers use to divide the ten periods? | {
"answer_start": [
200
],
"text": [
"social, economic and cultural characteristics"
]
} |
572a1ef73f37b31900478701 | Neolithic | In 1981 a team of researchers from the Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, including Jacques Cauvin and Oliver Aurenche divided Near East neolithic chronology into ten periods (0 to 9) based on social, economic and cultural characteristics. In 2002 Danielle Stordeur and Frédéric Abbès advanced this system with a ... | When was the original division of 10 advanced to a division of 5? | {
"answer_start": [
250
],
"text": [
"2002"
]
} |
572a1ef73f37b31900478702 | Neolithic | In 1981 a team of researchers from the Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, including Jacques Cauvin and Oliver Aurenche divided Near East neolithic chronology into ten periods (0 to 9) based on social, economic and cultural characteristics. In 2002 Danielle Stordeur and Frédéric Abbès advanced this system with a ... | What are the names of two researchers who divided neolithic chronology into five periods? | {
"answer_start": [
255
],
"text": [
"Danielle Stordeur and Frédéric Abbès"
]
} |
572a20041d046914007797b5 | Neolithic | Domestication of sheep and goats reached Egypt from the Near East possibly as early as 6,000 BC. Graeme Barker states "The first indisputable evidence for domestic plants and animals in the Nile valley is not until the early fifth millennium bc in northern Egypt and a thousand years later further south, in both cases a... | When did the domestication of sheep first appear in Egypt? | {
"answer_start": [
87
],
"text": [
"6,000 BC"
]
} |
572a20041d046914007797b6 | Neolithic | Domestication of sheep and goats reached Egypt from the Near East possibly as early as 6,000 BC. Graeme Barker states "The first indisputable evidence for domestic plants and animals in the Nile valley is not until the early fifth millennium bc in northern Egypt and a thousand years later further south, in both cases a... | How did Egyptians gather food before raising livestock? | {
"answer_start": [
370
],
"text": [
"fishing, hunting, and the gathering of wild plants"
]
} |
572a20041d046914007797b7 | Neolithic | Domestication of sheep and goats reached Egypt from the Near East possibly as early as 6,000 BC. Graeme Barker states "The first indisputable evidence for domestic plants and animals in the Nile valley is not until the early fifth millennium bc in northern Egypt and a thousand years later further south, in both cases a... | What region do some scholars see as the source for Egypt's start in agriculture? | {
"answer_start": [
795
],
"text": [
"the Middle East"
]
} |
572a213aaf94a219006aa819 | Neolithic | In southeast Europe agrarian societies first appeared in the 7th millennium BC, attested by one of the earliest farming sites of Europe, discovered in Vashtëmi, southeastern Albania and dating back to 6,500 BC. Anthropomorphic figurines have been found in the Balkans from 6000 BC, and in Central Europe by c. 5800 BC (L... | When did agrarian societies start to arise in Southeast Europe? | {
"answer_start": [
61
],
"text": [
"7th millennium BC"
]
} |
572a213aaf94a219006aa81a | Neolithic | In southeast Europe agrarian societies first appeared in the 7th millennium BC, attested by one of the earliest farming sites of Europe, discovered in Vashtëmi, southeastern Albania and dating back to 6,500 BC. Anthropomorphic figurines have been found in the Balkans from 6000 BC, and in Central Europe by c. 5800 BC (L... | Where was one of earliest farming sites in Europe found? | {
"answer_start": [
151
],
"text": [
"Vashtëmi, southeastern Albania"
]
} |
572a213aaf94a219006aa81b | Neolithic | In southeast Europe agrarian societies first appeared in the 7th millennium BC, attested by one of the earliest farming sites of Europe, discovered in Vashtëmi, southeastern Albania and dating back to 6,500 BC. Anthropomorphic figurines have been found in the Balkans from 6000 BC, and in Central Europe by c. 5800 BC (L... | What type of sculptures were found in the Balkans from 6000 BC? | {
"answer_start": [
211
],
"text": [
"Anthropomorphic figurines"
]
} |
572a213aaf94a219006aa81c | Neolithic | In southeast Europe agrarian societies first appeared in the 7th millennium BC, attested by one of the earliest farming sites of Europe, discovered in Vashtëmi, southeastern Albania and dating back to 6,500 BC. Anthropomorphic figurines have been found in the Balkans from 6000 BC, and in Central Europe by c. 5800 BC (L... | What trend led to Neolithic traditions spreading to northwestern Europe by around 4500 BC? | {
"answer_start": [
549
],
"text": [
"cultural diffusion and migration of peoples"
]
} |
572a213aaf94a219006aa81d | Neolithic | In southeast Europe agrarian societies first appeared in the 7th millennium BC, attested by one of the earliest farming sites of Europe, discovered in Vashtëmi, southeastern Albania and dating back to 6,500 BC. Anthropomorphic figurines have been found in the Balkans from 6000 BC, and in Central Europe by c. 5800 BC (L... | Who possibly created the earliest system of writing? | {
"answer_start": [
694
],
"text": [
"The Vinča culture"
]
} |
572a22271d046914007797c9 | Neolithic | In 2012, news was released about a new farming site discovered in Munam-ri, Goseong, Gangwon Province, South Korea, which may be the earliest farmland known to date in east Asia. "No remains of an agricultural field from the Neolithic period have been found in any East Asian country before, the institute said, adding t... | When was the earliest known Asian farm site found in South Korea? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"2012"
]
} |
572a22271d046914007797ca | Neolithic | In 2012, news was released about a new farming site discovered in Munam-ri, Goseong, Gangwon Province, South Korea, which may be the earliest farmland known to date in east Asia. "No remains of an agricultural field from the Neolithic period have been found in any East Asian country before, the institute said, adding t... | What time period was the Korean farm site dated? | {
"answer_start": [
469
],
"text": [
"between 3600 and 3000 B.C."
]
} |
572a22271d046914007797cb | Neolithic | In 2012, news was released about a new farming site discovered in Munam-ri, Goseong, Gangwon Province, South Korea, which may be the earliest farmland known to date in east Asia. "No remains of an agricultural field from the Neolithic period have been found in any East Asian country before, the institute said, adding t... | What items were found on the Korean farm site? | {
"answer_start": [
496
],
"text": [
"Pottery, stone projectile points, and possible houses"
]
} |
572a22271d046914007797cc | Neolithic | In 2012, news was released about a new farming site discovered in Munam-ri, Goseong, Gangwon Province, South Korea, which may be the earliest farmland known to date in east Asia. "No remains of an agricultural field from the Neolithic period have been found in any East Asian country before, the institute said, adding t... | What technology will researchers use to measure a more accurate time period for the farm site? | {
"answer_start": [
703
],
"text": [
"accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)"
]
} |
572a23643f37b31900478727 | Neolithic | In Mesoamerica, a similar set of events (i.e., crop domestication and sedentary lifestyles) occurred by around 4500 BC, but possibly as early as 11,000–10,000 BC. These cultures are usually not referred to as belonging to the Neolithic; in America different terms are used such as Formative stage instead of mid-late Neo... | What major trends appeared in Mesoamerica during 4500 BC? | {
"answer_start": [
47
],
"text": [
"crop domestication and sedentary lifestyles"
]
} |
572a23643f37b31900478728 | Neolithic | In Mesoamerica, a similar set of events (i.e., crop domestication and sedentary lifestyles) occurred by around 4500 BC, but possibly as early as 11,000–10,000 BC. These cultures are usually not referred to as belonging to the Neolithic; in America different terms are used such as Formative stage instead of mid-late Neo... | What term is used to describe the mid-late Neolithic era in American education? | {
"answer_start": [
281
],
"text": [
"Formative stage"
]
} |
572a23643f37b31900478729 | Neolithic | In Mesoamerica, a similar set of events (i.e., crop domestication and sedentary lifestyles) occurred by around 4500 BC, but possibly as early as 11,000–10,000 BC. These cultures are usually not referred to as belonging to the Neolithic; in America different terms are used such as Formative stage instead of mid-late Neo... | What term is used to describe the Early Neolithic era in American education? | {
"answer_start": [
328
],
"text": [
"Archaic Era"
]
} |
572a23643f37b3190047872a | Neolithic | In Mesoamerica, a similar set of events (i.e., crop domestication and sedentary lifestyles) occurred by around 4500 BC, but possibly as early as 11,000–10,000 BC. These cultures are usually not referred to as belonging to the Neolithic; in America different terms are used such as Formative stage instead of mid-late Neo... | What hunting weapon was found in the Southwestern US during 500 to 1200 C.E.? | {
"answer_start": [
794
],
"text": [
"bow and arrow"
]
} |
572a24993f37b31900478739 | Neolithic | During most of the Neolithic age of Eurasia, people lived in small tribes composed of multiple bands or lineages. There is little scientific evidence of developed social stratification in most Neolithic societies; social stratification is more associated with the later Bronze Age. Although some late Eurasian Neolithic ... | What social groups were formed during the Neolithic age of Eurasia? | {
"answer_start": [
61
],
"text": [
"small tribes"
]
} |
572a24993f37b3190047873a | Neolithic | During most of the Neolithic age of Eurasia, people lived in small tribes composed of multiple bands or lineages. There is little scientific evidence of developed social stratification in most Neolithic societies; social stratification is more associated with the later Bronze Age. Although some late Eurasian Neolithic ... | What cultural trend did not first appear in large amounts until the Bronze Age? | {
"answer_start": [
214
],
"text": [
"social stratification"
]
} |
572a24993f37b3190047873b | Neolithic | During most of the Neolithic age of Eurasia, people lived in small tribes composed of multiple bands or lineages. There is little scientific evidence of developed social stratification in most Neolithic societies; social stratification is more associated with the later Bronze Age. Although some late Eurasian Neolithic ... | What type of cultures preceded Neolithic societies? | {
"answer_start": [
797
],
"text": [
"Paleolithic cultures"
]
} |
572a257e6aef051400155302 | Neolithic | The domestication of large animals (c. 8000 BC) resulted in a dramatic increase in social inequality in most of the areas where it occurred; New Guinea being a notable exception. Possession of livestock allowed competition between households and resulted in inherited inequalities of wealth. Neolithic pastoralists who c... | What caused a major increase in social inequality? | {
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"domestication of large animals"
]
} |
572a257e6aef051400155303 | Neolithic | The domestication of large animals (c. 8000 BC) resulted in a dramatic increase in social inequality in most of the areas where it occurred; New Guinea being a notable exception. Possession of livestock allowed competition between households and resulted in inherited inequalities of wealth. Neolithic pastoralists who c... | What started competition between families for wealth? | {
"answer_start": [
179
],
"text": [
"Possession of livestock"
]
} |
572a257e6aef051400155304 | Neolithic | The domestication of large animals (c. 8000 BC) resulted in a dramatic increase in social inequality in most of the areas where it occurred; New Guinea being a notable exception. Possession of livestock allowed competition between households and resulted in inherited inequalities of wealth. Neolithic pastoralists who c... | Who was in possession of large herds that would produce more livestock? | {
"answer_start": [
292
],
"text": [
"Neolithic pastoralists"
]
} |
572a257e6aef051400155305 | Neolithic | The domestication of large animals (c. 8000 BC) resulted in a dramatic increase in social inequality in most of the areas where it occurred; New Guinea being a notable exception. Possession of livestock allowed competition between households and resulted in inherited inequalities of wealth. Neolithic pastoralists who c... | What settlement featured equal sized homes with little evidence of capital? | {
"answer_start": [
511
],
"text": [
"Catal Huyuk"
]
} |
572a270a1d046914007797e5 | Neolithic | Families and households were still largely independent economically, and the household was probably the center of life. However, excavations in Central Europe have revealed that early Neolithic Linear Ceramic cultures ("Linearbandkeramik") were building large arrangements of circular ditches between 4800 BC and 4600 BC... | What was the cultural aspect was the major center of life? | {
"answer_start": [
73
],
"text": [
"the household"
]
} |
572a270a1d046914007797e6 | Neolithic | Families and households were still largely independent economically, and the household was probably the center of life. However, excavations in Central Europe have revealed that early Neolithic Linear Ceramic cultures ("Linearbandkeramik") were building large arrangements of circular ditches between 4800 BC and 4600 BC... | What time period were the huge circular ditches found in? | {
"answer_start": [
301
],
"text": [
"4800 BC and 4600 BC"
]
} |
572a270a1d046914007797e7 | Neolithic | Families and households were still largely independent economically, and the household was probably the center of life. However, excavations in Central Europe have revealed that early Neolithic Linear Ceramic cultures ("Linearbandkeramik") were building large arrangements of circular ditches between 4800 BC and 4600 BC... | What did the ditches later evolve into? | {
"answer_start": [
377
],
"text": [
"causewayed enclosures, burial mounds, and henge"
]
} |
572a270a1d046914007797e8 | Neolithic | Families and households were still largely independent economically, and the household was probably the center of life. However, excavations in Central Europe have revealed that early Neolithic Linear Ceramic cultures ("Linearbandkeramik") were building large arrangements of circular ditches between 4800 BC and 4600 BC... | What features about the ditches suggests that it was built by people under a leader's command? | {
"answer_start": [
426
],
"text": [
"required considerable time and labour to construct"
]
} |
572a2a391d046914007797f3 | Neolithic | There is a large body of evidence for fortified settlements at Linearbandkeramik sites along the Rhine, as at least some villages were fortified for some time with a palisade and an outer ditch. Settlements with palisades and weapon-traumatized bones have been discovered, such as at the Talheim Death Pit demonstrates "... | Where was evidence of fortified settlements found? | {
"answer_start": [
63
],
"text": [
"Linearbandkeramik"
]
} |
572a2a391d046914007797f4 | Neolithic | There is a large body of evidence for fortified settlements at Linearbandkeramik sites along the Rhine, as at least some villages were fortified for some time with a palisade and an outer ditch. Settlements with palisades and weapon-traumatized bones have been discovered, such as at the Talheim Death Pit demonstrates "... | What did some villages fortify their settlements with? | {
"answer_start": [
164
],
"text": [
"a palisade and an outer ditch"
]
} |
572a2a391d046914007797f5 | Neolithic | There is a large body of evidence for fortified settlements at Linearbandkeramik sites along the Rhine, as at least some villages were fortified for some time with a palisade and an outer ditch. Settlements with palisades and weapon-traumatized bones have been discovered, such as at the Talheim Death Pit demonstrates "... | What tools were seen as evidence of violence among settlements? | {
"answer_start": [
226
],
"text": [
"weapon-traumatized bones"
]
} |
572a2a391d046914007797f6 | Neolithic | There is a large body of evidence for fortified settlements at Linearbandkeramik sites along the Rhine, as at least some villages were fortified for some time with a palisade and an outer ditch. Settlements with palisades and weapon-traumatized bones have been discovered, such as at the Talheim Death Pit demonstrates "... | What site in Talheim suggests violent warfare in the Neolithic era? | {
"answer_start": [
284
],
"text": [
"the Talheim Death Pit"
]
} |
572a2e201d04691400779821 | Neolithic | Control of labour and inter-group conflict is characteristic of corporate-level or 'tribal' groups, headed by a charismatic individual; whether a 'big man' or a proto-chief, functioning as a lineage-group head. Whether a non-hierarchical system of organization existed is debatable, and there is no evidence that explici... | What production trait existed in tribal groups that were controlled by charismatic leaders? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Control of labour"
]
} |
572a2e201d04691400779822 | Neolithic | Control of labour and inter-group conflict is characteristic of corporate-level or 'tribal' groups, headed by a charismatic individual; whether a 'big man' or a proto-chief, functioning as a lineage-group head. Whether a non-hierarchical system of organization existed is debatable, and there is no evidence that explici... | What theory describes the implied egalitarianism of Neolithic societies? | {
"answer_start": [
600
],
"text": [
"Marxist concept of primitive communism"
]
} |
572a2e201d04691400779823 | Neolithic | Control of labour and inter-group conflict is characteristic of corporate-level or 'tribal' groups, headed by a charismatic individual; whether a 'big man' or a proto-chief, functioning as a lineage-group head. Whether a non-hierarchical system of organization existed is debatable, and there is no evidence that explici... | What type of disagreement existed in tribal groups that were controlled by charismatic leaders? | {
"answer_start": [
22
],
"text": [
"inter-group conflict"
]
} |
572a30906aef05140015534a | Neolithic | The shelter of the early people changed dramatically from the paleolithic to the neolithic era. In the paleolithic, people did not normally live in permanent constructions. In the neolithic, mud brick houses started appearing that were coated with plaster. The growth of agriculture made permanent houses possible. Doorw... | What lifestyle element changed significantly from the paleolithic to the neolithic era? | {
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"shelter"
]
} |
572a30906aef05140015534b | Neolithic | The shelter of the early people changed dramatically from the paleolithic to the neolithic era. In the paleolithic, people did not normally live in permanent constructions. In the neolithic, mud brick houses started appearing that were coated with plaster. The growth of agriculture made permanent houses possible. Doorw... | What era consisted of people living temporary homes? | {
"answer_start": [
103
],
"text": [
"paleolithic"
]
} |
572a30906aef05140015534c | Neolithic | The shelter of the early people changed dramatically from the paleolithic to the neolithic era. In the paleolithic, people did not normally live in permanent constructions. In the neolithic, mud brick houses started appearing that were coated with plaster. The growth of agriculture made permanent houses possible. Doorw... | What type of homes were built in the Neolithic era? | {
"answer_start": [
191
],
"text": [
"mud brick houses"
]
} |
572a30906aef05140015534d | Neolithic | The shelter of the early people changed dramatically from the paleolithic to the neolithic era. In the paleolithic, people did not normally live in permanent constructions. In the neolithic, mud brick houses started appearing that were coated with plaster. The growth of agriculture made permanent houses possible. Doorw... | What societal trend was the cause of permanent homes? | {
"answer_start": [
257
],
"text": [
"The growth of agriculture"
]
} |
572a30906aef05140015534e | Neolithic | The shelter of the early people changed dramatically from the paleolithic to the neolithic era. In the paleolithic, people did not normally live in permanent constructions. In the neolithic, mud brick houses started appearing that were coated with plaster. The growth of agriculture made permanent houses possible. Doorw... | Where were entrances located in early homes? | {
"answer_start": [
315
],
"text": [
"Doorways were made on the roof"
]
} |
572a31e61d04691400779835 | Neolithic | A significant and far-reaching shift in human subsistence and lifestyle was to be brought about in areas where crop farming and cultivation were first developed: the previous reliance on an essentially nomadic hunter-gatherer subsistence technique or pastoral transhumance was at first supplemented, and then increasingl... | What trend led to a major shift in the livelihoods of early cultures? | {
"answer_start": [
111
],
"text": [
"crop farming and cultivation"
]
} |
572a31e61d04691400779836 | Neolithic | A significant and far-reaching shift in human subsistence and lifestyle was to be brought about in areas where crop farming and cultivation were first developed: the previous reliance on an essentially nomadic hunter-gatherer subsistence technique or pastoral transhumance was at first supplemented, and then increasingl... | What behavior did humans rely on to survive before agriculture? | {
"answer_start": [
202
],
"text": [
"nomadic hunter-gatherer subsistence technique"
]
} |
572a31e61d04691400779837 | Neolithic | A significant and far-reaching shift in human subsistence and lifestyle was to be brought about in areas where crop farming and cultivation were first developed: the previous reliance on an essentially nomadic hunter-gatherer subsistence technique or pastoral transhumance was at first supplemented, and then increasingl... | What era saw an increase in permanently settled farming towns? | {
"answer_start": [
651
],
"text": [
"the Bronze Age"
]
} |
572a329aaf94a219006aa885 | Neolithic | However, early farmers were also adversely affected in times of famine, such as may be caused by drought or pests. In instances where agriculture had become the predominant way of life, the sensitivity to these shortages could be particularly acute, affecting agrarian populations to an extent that otherwise may not hav... | What were the causes of famine in early farm towns? | {
"answer_start": [
97
],
"text": [
"drought or pests"
]
} |
572a329aaf94a219006aa886 | Neolithic | However, early farmers were also adversely affected in times of famine, such as may be caused by drought or pests. In instances where agriculture had become the predominant way of life, the sensitivity to these shortages could be particularly acute, affecting agrarian populations to an extent that otherwise may not hav... | What type of societies were not affected by famine? | {
"answer_start": [
358
],
"text": [
"hunter-gatherer communities"
]
} |
572a329aaf94a219006aa887 | Neolithic | However, early farmers were also adversely affected in times of famine, such as may be caused by drought or pests. In instances where agriculture had become the predominant way of life, the sensitivity to these shortages could be particularly acute, affecting agrarian populations to an extent that otherwise may not hav... | What type of societies were usually still successful after dealing with famine? | {
"answer_start": [
401
],
"text": [
"agrarian communities"
]
} |
572a3398af94a219006aa88b | Neolithic | Another significant change undergone by many of these newly agrarian communities was one of diet. Pre-agrarian diets varied by region, season, available local plant and animal resources and degree of pastoralism and hunting. Post-agrarian diet was restricted to a limited package of successfully cultivated cereal grains... | What food related trend was significant in the new agrarian societies? | {
"answer_start": [
92
],
"text": [
"diet"
]
} |
572a3398af94a219006aa88c | Neolithic | Another significant change undergone by many of these newly agrarian communities was one of diet. Pre-agrarian diets varied by region, season, available local plant and animal resources and degree of pastoralism and hunting. Post-agrarian diet was restricted to a limited package of successfully cultivated cereal grains... | What forms of availability dictated Pre-agrarian diets? | {
"answer_start": [
153
],
"text": [
"local plant and animal resources"
]
} |
572a3398af94a219006aa88d | Neolithic | Another significant change undergone by many of these newly agrarian communities was one of diet. Pre-agrarian diets varied by region, season, available local plant and animal resources and degree of pastoralism and hunting. Post-agrarian diet was restricted to a limited package of successfully cultivated cereal grains... | What was included in the Post-agrarian diet? | {
"answer_start": [
307
],
"text": [
"cereal grains, plants and to a variable extent domesticated animals and animal products."
]
} |
572a3398af94a219006aa88e | Neolithic | Another significant change undergone by many of these newly agrarian communities was one of diet. Pre-agrarian diets varied by region, season, available local plant and animal resources and degree of pastoralism and hunting. Post-agrarian diet was restricted to a limited package of successfully cultivated cereal grains... | What forced the need to supplement food supply with hunting and gathering? | {
"answer_start": [
482
],
"text": [
"the increase in population"
]
} |
572a34b83f37b319004787a7 | Neolithic | Neolithic people were skilled farmers, manufacturing a range of tools necessary for the tending, harvesting and processing of crops (such as sickle blades and grinding stones) and food production (e.g. pottery, bone implements). They were also skilled manufacturers of a range of other types of stone tools and ornaments... | What type of occupation were Neolithic people considered to be proficient at? | {
"answer_start": [
30
],
"text": [
"farmers"
]
} |
572a34b83f37b319004787a8 | Neolithic | Neolithic people were skilled farmers, manufacturing a range of tools necessary for the tending, harvesting and processing of crops (such as sickle blades and grinding stones) and food production (e.g. pottery, bone implements). They were also skilled manufacturers of a range of other types of stone tools and ornaments... | What purposes were the production of farm tools used for? | {
"answer_start": [
88
],
"text": [
"tending, harvesting and processing of crops"
]
} |
572a34b83f37b319004787a9 | Neolithic | Neolithic people were skilled farmers, manufacturing a range of tools necessary for the tending, harvesting and processing of crops (such as sickle blades and grinding stones) and food production (e.g. pottery, bone implements). They were also skilled manufacturers of a range of other types of stone tools and ornaments... | What types of tools did early farmers use for crops? | {
"answer_start": [
141
],
"text": [
"sickle blades and grinding stones"
]
} |
572a34b83f37b319004787aa | Neolithic | Neolithic people were skilled farmers, manufacturing a range of tools necessary for the tending, harvesting and processing of crops (such as sickle blades and grinding stones) and food production (e.g. pottery, bone implements). They were also skilled manufacturers of a range of other types of stone tools and ornaments... | What types of tools did early farmers use for food production? | {
"answer_start": [
202
],
"text": [
"pottery, bone implements)"
]
} |
572a34b83f37b319004787ab | Neolithic | Neolithic people were skilled farmers, manufacturing a range of tools necessary for the tending, harvesting and processing of crops (such as sickle blades and grinding stones) and food production (e.g. pottery, bone implements). They were also skilled manufacturers of a range of other types of stone tools and ornaments... | What tool allowed early farmers to convert forest into arable land? | {
"answer_start": [
442
],
"text": [
"stone axe"
]
} |
572a3764af94a219006aa8b3 | Neolithic | Neolithic peoples in the Levant, Anatolia, Syria, northern Mesopotamia and Central Asia were also accomplished builders, utilizing mud-brick to construct houses and villages. At Çatal höyük, houses were plastered and painted with elaborate scenes of humans and animals. In Europe, long houses built from wattle and daub ... | What did Neolithic people use mud-brick to build? | {
"answer_start": [
154
],
"text": [
"houses and villages"
]
} |
572a3764af94a219006aa8b4 | Neolithic | Neolithic peoples in the Levant, Anatolia, Syria, northern Mesopotamia and Central Asia were also accomplished builders, utilizing mud-brick to construct houses and villages. At Çatal höyük, houses were plastered and painted with elaborate scenes of humans and animals. In Europe, long houses built from wattle and daub ... | What scenes did the paintings on homes depict? | {
"answer_start": [
250
],
"text": [
"humans and animals"
]
} |
572a3764af94a219006aa8b5 | Neolithic | Neolithic peoples in the Levant, Anatolia, Syria, northern Mesopotamia and Central Asia were also accomplished builders, utilizing mud-brick to construct houses and villages. At Çatal höyük, houses were plastered and painted with elaborate scenes of humans and animals. In Europe, long houses built from wattle and daub ... | What were European homes constructed from? | {
"answer_start": [
304
],
"text": [
"wattle and daub"
]
} |
572a3764af94a219006aa8b6 | Neolithic | Neolithic peoples in the Levant, Anatolia, Syria, northern Mesopotamia and Central Asia were also accomplished builders, utilizing mud-brick to construct houses and villages. At Çatal höyük, houses were plastered and painted with elaborate scenes of humans and animals. In Europe, long houses built from wattle and daub ... | What types of sites were built for the deceased? | {
"answer_start": [
338
],
"text": [
"Elaborate tombs"
]
} |
572a3764af94a219006aa8b7 | Neolithic | Neolithic peoples in the Levant, Anatolia, Syria, northern Mesopotamia and Central Asia were also accomplished builders, utilizing mud-brick to construct houses and villages. At Çatal höyük, houses were plastered and painted with elaborate scenes of humans and animals. In Europe, long houses built from wattle and daub ... | Where do thousands of early tombs still exist? | {
"answer_start": [
420
],
"text": [
"Ireland"
]
} |
572a3bef3f37b319004787f9 | Neolithic | Most clothing appears to have been made of animal skins, as indicated by finds of large numbers of bone and antler pins which are ideal for fastening leather. Wool cloth and linen might have become available during the later Neolithic, as suggested by finds of perforated stones which (depending on size) may have served... | What did early humans use to make clothing? | {
"answer_start": [
43
],
"text": [
"animal skins"
]
} |
572a3bef3f37b319004787fa | Neolithic | Most clothing appears to have been made of animal skins, as indicated by finds of large numbers of bone and antler pins which are ideal for fastening leather. Wool cloth and linen might have become available during the later Neolithic, as suggested by finds of perforated stones which (depending on size) may have served... | What evidence suggested that humans used animal products for clothing? | {
"answer_start": [
73
],
"text": [
"finds of large numbers of bone and antler pins"
]
} |
572a3bef3f37b319004787fb | Neolithic | Most clothing appears to have been made of animal skins, as indicated by finds of large numbers of bone and antler pins which are ideal for fastening leather. Wool cloth and linen might have become available during the later Neolithic, as suggested by finds of perforated stones which (depending on size) may have served... | What were perforated stones used for? | {
"answer_start": [
324
],
"text": [
"spindle whorls or loom weights"
]
} |
572a3bef3f37b319004787fc | Neolithic | Most clothing appears to have been made of animal skins, as indicated by finds of large numbers of bone and antler pins which are ideal for fastening leather. Wool cloth and linen might have become available during the later Neolithic, as suggested by finds of perforated stones which (depending on size) may have served... | What famous figure of the Copper Age wore clothes similar to the Neolithic Era? | {
"answer_start": [
428
],
"text": [
"Ötzi the Iceman"
]
} |
572a381d3f37b319004787cd | Friedrich_Hayek | Friedrich Hayek CH (German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈaʊ̯ɡʊst ˈhaɪ̯ɛk]; 8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), born in Austria-Hungary as Friedrich August von Hayek and frequently referred to as F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian and British economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism. Hayek shared the 1974 Nobel Me... | In which nation was Friedrich Hayek born? | {
"answer_start": [
95
],
"text": [
"Austria-Hungary"
]
} |
572a381d3f37b319004787ce | Friedrich_Hayek | Friedrich Hayek CH (German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈaʊ̯ɡʊst ˈhaɪ̯ɛk]; 8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), born in Austria-Hungary as Friedrich August von Hayek and frequently referred to as F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian and British economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism. Hayek shared the 1974 Nobel Me... | Friedrich Hayek name was commonly shortened to what? | {
"answer_start": [
171
],
"text": [
"F. A. Hayek"
]
} |
572a381d3f37b319004787cf | Friedrich_Hayek | Friedrich Hayek CH (German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈaʊ̯ɡʊst ˈhaɪ̯ɛk]; 8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), born in Austria-Hungary as Friedrich August von Hayek and frequently referred to as F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian and British economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism. Hayek shared the 1974 Nobel Me... | What award did Hayek receive in 1974? | {
"answer_start": [
312
],
"text": [
"Nobel Memorial Prize"
]
} |
572a381d3f37b319004787d0 | Friedrich_Hayek | Friedrich Hayek CH (German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈaʊ̯ɡʊst ˈhaɪ̯ɛk]; 8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), born in Austria-Hungary as Friedrich August von Hayek and frequently referred to as F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian and British economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism. Hayek shared the 1974 Nobel Me... | With whom did Hayek share his 1974 award? | {
"answer_start": [
359
],
"text": [
"Gunnar Myrdal"
]
} |
572a381d3f37b319004787d1 | Friedrich_Hayek | Friedrich Hayek CH (German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈaʊ̯ɡʊst ˈhaɪ̯ɛk]; 8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), born in Austria-Hungary as Friedrich August von Hayek and frequently referred to as F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian and British economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism. Hayek shared the 1974 Nobel Me... | Along with being an economist, what else was Hayek known as? | {
"answer_start": [
226
],
"text": [
"philosopher"
]
} |
572a38cb1d04691400779863 | Friedrich_Hayek | In 1984, he was appointed a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour by Queen Elizabeth II on the advice of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher for his "services to the study of economics". He was the first recipient of the Hanns Martin Schleyer Prize in 1984. He also received the US Presidential Medal of Freedom i... | Hayek became a member of which group in 1984? | {
"answer_start": [
42
],
"text": [
"Order of the Companions of Honour"
]
} |
572a38cb1d04691400779864 | Friedrich_Hayek | In 1984, he was appointed a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour by Queen Elizabeth II on the advice of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher for his "services to the study of economics". He was the first recipient of the Hanns Martin Schleyer Prize in 1984. He also received the US Presidential Medal of Freedom i... | For what reason was Hayek inducted into the order? | {
"answer_start": [
157
],
"text": [
"services to the study of economics"
]
} |
572a38cb1d04691400779865 | Friedrich_Hayek | In 1984, he was appointed a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour by Queen Elizabeth II on the advice of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher for his "services to the study of economics". He was the first recipient of the Hanns Martin Schleyer Prize in 1984. He also received the US Presidential Medal of Freedom i... | What award was Hayek the first to receive? | {
"answer_start": [
228
],
"text": [
"Hanns Martin Schleyer Prize"
]
} |
572a38cb1d04691400779866 | Friedrich_Hayek | In 1984, he was appointed a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour by Queen Elizabeth II on the advice of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher for his "services to the study of economics". He was the first recipient of the Hanns Martin Schleyer Prize in 1984. He also received the US Presidential Medal of Freedom i... | Who awarded Hayek the Medal of Freedom? | {
"answer_start": [
332
],
"text": [
"President George H. W. Bush"
]
} |
572a38cb1d04691400779867 | Friedrich_Hayek | In 1984, he was appointed a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour by Queen Elizabeth II on the advice of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher for his "services to the study of economics". He was the first recipient of the Hanns Martin Schleyer Prize in 1984. He also received the US Presidential Medal of Freedom i... | Which of Hayek's articles received recognition in 2011? | {
"answer_start": [
383
],
"text": [
"The Use of Knowledge in Society"
]
} |
572a3a29af94a219006aa8d9 | Friedrich_Hayek | Friedrich August von Hayek was born in Vienna to August von Hayek and Felicitas Hayek (née von Juraschek). Friedrich's father, from whom he received his middle name, was also born in Vienna in 1871. He was a medical doctor employed by the municipal ministry of health, with passion in botany, in which he wrote a number ... | Who was Hayek's father? | {
"answer_start": [
49
],
"text": [
"August von Hayek"
]
} |
572a3a29af94a219006aa8da | Friedrich_Hayek | Friedrich August von Hayek was born in Vienna to August von Hayek and Felicitas Hayek (née von Juraschek). Friedrich's father, from whom he received his middle name, was also born in Vienna in 1871. He was a medical doctor employed by the municipal ministry of health, with passion in botany, in which he wrote a number ... | What was August von Hayek's occupation? | {
"answer_start": [
208
],
"text": [
"medical doctor"
]
} |
572a3a29af94a219006aa8db | Friedrich_Hayek | Friedrich August von Hayek was born in Vienna to August von Hayek and Felicitas Hayek (née von Juraschek). Friedrich's father, from whom he received his middle name, was also born in Vienna in 1871. He was a medical doctor employed by the municipal ministry of health, with passion in botany, in which he wrote a number ... | What was August von Hayek particularly passionate about? | {
"answer_start": [
285
],
"text": [
"botany"
]
} |
572a3a29af94a219006aa8dc | Friedrich_Hayek | Friedrich August von Hayek was born in Vienna to August von Hayek and Felicitas Hayek (née von Juraschek). Friedrich's father, from whom he received his middle name, was also born in Vienna in 1871. He was a medical doctor employed by the municipal ministry of health, with passion in botany, in which he wrote a number ... | From whom did Felicitas inherit her wealth? | {
"answer_start": [
505
],
"text": [
"her mother"
]
} |
572a3a29af94a219006aa8dd | Friedrich_Hayek | Friedrich August von Hayek was born in Vienna to August von Hayek and Felicitas Hayek (née von Juraschek). Friedrich's father, from whom he received his middle name, was also born in Vienna in 1871. He was a medical doctor employed by the municipal ministry of health, with passion in botany, in which he wrote a number ... | How many children did August von Hayek and his wife have? | {
"answer_start": [
730
],
"text": [
"three"
]
} |
572a3b486aef0514001553b6 | Friedrich_Hayek | His father's career as a university professor influenced Friedrich's goals later in life. Both of his grandfathers, who lived long enough for Friedrich to know them, were scholars. Franz von Juraschek was a leading economist in Austria-Hungary and a close friend of Eugen Böhm von Bawerk, one of the founders of the Aust... | Who's occupation inspired Hayek when he was older? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"His father's"
]
} |
572a3b486aef0514001553b7 | Friedrich_Hayek | His father's career as a university professor influenced Friedrich's goals later in life. Both of his grandfathers, who lived long enough for Friedrich to know them, were scholars. Franz von Juraschek was a leading economist in Austria-Hungary and a close friend of Eugen Böhm von Bawerk, one of the founders of the Aust... | Eugen Bohm was friends with which of Hayek's grandfathers? | {
"answer_start": [
181
],
"text": [
"Franz von Juraschek"
]
} |
572a3b486aef0514001553b8 | Friedrich_Hayek | His father's career as a university professor influenced Friedrich's goals later in life. Both of his grandfathers, who lived long enough for Friedrich to know them, were scholars. Franz von Juraschek was a leading economist in Austria-Hungary and a close friend of Eugen Böhm von Bawerk, one of the founders of the Aust... | What occupation did Hayek's grandfather's have? | {
"answer_start": [
171
],
"text": [
"scholars"
]
} |
572a3b486aef0514001553ba | Friedrich_Hayek | His father's career as a university professor influenced Friedrich's goals later in life. Both of his grandfathers, who lived long enough for Friedrich to know them, were scholars. Franz von Juraschek was a leading economist in Austria-Hungary and a close friend of Eugen Böhm von Bawerk, one of the founders of the Aust... | What did August von Hayek's father write? | {
"answer_start": [
585
],
"text": [
"systematic works in biology"
]
} |
572a3b486aef0514001553b9 | Friedrich_Hayek | His father's career as a university professor influenced Friedrich's goals later in life. Both of his grandfathers, who lived long enough for Friedrich to know them, were scholars. Franz von Juraschek was a leading economist in Austria-Hungary and a close friend of Eugen Böhm von Bawerk, one of the founders of the Aust... | Who was August von Hayek's father? | {
"answer_start": [
464
],
"text": [
"Gustav Edler von Hayek"
]
} |
572a3c9b6aef0514001553c6 | Friedrich_Hayek | On his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when the book was published ... | Who was among the first readers of Ludwig Wittgenstein's book? | {
"answer_start": [
208
],
"text": [
"Hayek"
]
} |
572a3c9b6aef0514001553c7 | Friedrich_Hayek | On his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when the book was published ... | How often times did Hayek and Wittgenstein meet? | {
"answer_start": [
392
],
"text": [
"on only a few occasions"
]
} |
572a3c9b6aef0514001553c8 | Friedrich_Hayek | On his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when the book was published ... | Whose philosophy heavily influenced Hayek? | {
"answer_start": [
65
],
"text": [
"Ludwig Wittgenstein"
]
} |
572a3c9b6aef0514001553c9 | Friedrich_Hayek | On his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when the book was published ... | What did Wittgenstein and Hayek do during the first world war? | {
"answer_start": [
623
],
"text": [
"both were officers"
]
} |
572a3c9b6aef0514001553ca | Friedrich_Hayek | On his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when the book was published ... | What was the name of the book Wittgenstein published in 1921? | {
"answer_start": [
246
],
"text": [
"Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus"
]
} |
572a3e323f37b31900478811 | Friedrich_Hayek | Hayek displayed an intellectual and academic bent from a very young age. He read fluently and frequently before going to school. At his father's suggestion, Hayek, as a teenager, read the genetic and evolutionary works of Hugo de Vries and the philosophical works of Ludwig Feuerbach. In school Hayek was much taken by o... | What did Hayek conclude regarding his brothers? | {
"answer_start": [
537
],
"text": [
"they were somehow of a different generation"
]
} |
572a3e323f37b31900478812 | Friedrich_Hayek | Hayek displayed an intellectual and academic bent from a very young age. He read fluently and frequently before going to school. At his father's suggestion, Hayek, as a teenager, read the genetic and evolutionary works of Hugo de Vries and the philosophical works of Ludwig Feuerbach. In school Hayek was much taken by o... | With whom did Hayek more frequently converse? | {
"answer_start": [
613
],
"text": [
"adults"
]
} |
572a3e323f37b31900478813 | Friedrich_Hayek | Hayek displayed an intellectual and academic bent from a very young age. He read fluently and frequently before going to school. At his father's suggestion, Hayek, as a teenager, read the genetic and evolutionary works of Hugo de Vries and the philosophical works of Ludwig Feuerbach. In school Hayek was much taken by o... | Prior to his schooling, what was the state of Hayek's reading skills? | {
"answer_start": [
76
],
"text": [
"read fluently and frequently"
]
} |
572a3e323f37b31900478814 | Friedrich_Hayek | Hayek displayed an intellectual and academic bent from a very young age. He read fluently and frequently before going to school. At his father's suggestion, Hayek, as a teenager, read the genetic and evolutionary works of Hugo de Vries and the philosophical works of Ludwig Feuerbach. In school Hayek was much taken by o... | Who told Hayek he should begin reading Hugo de Vries works? | {
"answer_start": [
132
],
"text": [
"his father"
]
} |
572a3e323f37b31900478815 | Friedrich_Hayek | Hayek displayed an intellectual and academic bent from a very young age. He read fluently and frequently before going to school. At his father's suggestion, Hayek, as a teenager, read the genetic and evolutionary works of Hugo de Vries and the philosophical works of Ludwig Feuerbach. In school Hayek was much taken by o... | Which philosopher did Hayek learn about in a school lecture? | {
"answer_start": [
348
],
"text": [
"Aristotle"
]
} |
572a3fa3af94a219006aa90d | Friedrich_Hayek | At the University of Vienna, Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively; and he also studied philosophy, psychology, and economics. For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed, Hayek studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy, where Hayek spent much... | Where did Hayek acquire his doctorates? | {
"answer_start": [
7
],
"text": [
"University of Vienna"
]
} |
572a3fa3af94a219006aa90e | Friedrich_Hayek | At the University of Vienna, Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively; and he also studied philosophy, psychology, and economics. For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed, Hayek studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy, where Hayek spent much... | Where did Hayek learn about the brain? | {
"answer_start": [
245
],
"text": [
"Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy"
]
} |
572a3fa3af94a219006aa90f | Friedrich_Hayek | At the University of Vienna, Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively; and he also studied philosophy, psychology, and economics. For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed, Hayek studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy, where Hayek spent much... | What was the name of Hayek's first work? | {
"answer_start": [
504
],
"text": [
"The Sensory Order"
]
} |
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