q_id stringlengths 5 6 | title stringlengths 10 300 | selftext stringlengths 0 10.9k | document stringclasses 1
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mclqb | Are there any widely-used scientific laws, theorems, effects named after Asian scientists? | I know this is not your conventional askscience question, but I hope it doesn't go too much against any rules. Here goes:
Coriolis acceleration, Leibniz notation, Darwinian evolution, Newton's laws, Kepler's laws, Macaulay's notation, Hooke's law, Planck constant, Bohr's model, Einstein's equations, Boltzmann's consta... | askscience | {
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"[Okazaki fragments](_URL_0_) and the second half of [Calabi-Yau manifolds](_URL_1_) are the first two that spring to my mind. They're more objects tha... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okazaki_fragments",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabi-Yau_manifold",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang-Baxter_equation",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee%E2%80%93Yang_theorem",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raman_scattering",
"http://en.wikipedia.o... | Are there any widely-used scientific laws, theorems, effects named after Asian scientists?
I know this is not your conventional askscience question, but I hope it doesn't go too much against any rules. Here goes: Coriolis acceleration, Leibniz notation, Darwinian evolution, Newton's laws, Kepler's laws, Macaulay's nota... | [
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3hfx6r | Is there any evidence to suggest that large companies such as mobile phone manufacturers use techniques like planned obsolescence to encourage us to purchase new models? | In the example of mobile phones, A lot of people seem to complain that their phones seem to mysteriously slow down, or give up totally as they near the end of their various contracts.
I've heard people say, 'it's as if the phone knows it's nearly time to upgrade'
The question is, Do they?!
Is there any evidence that ... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cuasnqs"
],
"text": [
"Planned obsolescence is really just a conspiracy theory. No manufacturer intentionally limits the lifespan of their products*. What actually tends to happen is a combination of confirmation bias and design tradeoffs.\n\nConfirmation bias comes in because you generally d... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://therestartproject.org/design/triumphing-together-against-planned-obsolescence/"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | Is there any evidence to suggest that large companies such as mobile phone manufacturers use techniques like planned obsolescence to encourage us to purchase new models?
In the example of mobile phones, A lot of people seem to complain that their phones seem to mysteriously slow down, or give up totally as they near th... | [
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2xy8xm | How to predict the volume and the pressure of a gaz after condensing it? | Say a given quantity of gaz (for example, steam) occupies a given volume in a closed system. After fully condensing it to liquid, how would I be able to predict the volume occupied by the liquid in said system? What about the Pressure?
I know both pressure and volume will decrease but what law describes this?
Do PV=nR... | askscience | {
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"Gas not gaz.\n\nAnd yes, the ideal gas law only applies to gasses. It is very useful for predicting the pressure inside a closed system at various temperatures, but it assumes that everything will remain as a gas.\n\nTo figure out what will happen when something conden... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapor_pressure"
]
} | How to predict the volume and the pressure of a gaz after condensing it?
Say a given quantity of gaz (for example, steam) occupies a given volume in a closed system. After fully condensing it to liquid, how would I be able to predict the volume occupied by the liquid in said system? What about the Pressure? I know both... | [
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20yqp9 | How is energy conserved in radiative pressure? | So, I've been reading a little online about solar sails and whatnot and one thing that I haven't been able to understand is how energy is conserved when a photon bounces off. Does it redshift or something to make up for the extra kinetic energy imparted to the sail? | askscience | {
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"Yes. In fact, the [Compton effect](_URL_0_) is a well understood phenomenon that describes this very phenomenon.\nIn short, if one scatters a photon off of a stationary electron the electron will start to move, and the photon will be scattered through som... | {
"url": []
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} | How is energy conserved in radiative pressure?
So, I've been reading a little online about solar sails and whatnot and one thing that I haven't been able to understand is how energy is conserved when a photon bounces off. Does it redshift or something to make up for the extra kinetic energy imparted to the sail? | [
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24hgnh | Whats the newest info or most recent theory in regards to the Pioneer anomaly? | Just recently learned about the Pioneer Anomaly, but from a source that is a few years old. And was wondering if any progress had been made on answering what causes it. | askscience | {
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"Yes, there was news in 2012 that after more careful analysis of the Pioneer, the anomaly was caused solely by thermal radiation pressure. Basically, every object not at absolute zero is constantly giving off thermal radiation. Radiation carries momentum, so when you emi... | {
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} | Whats the newest info or most recent theory in regards to the Pioneer anomaly?
Just recently learned about the Pioneer Anomaly, but from a source that is a few years old. And was wondering if any progress had been made on answering what causes it. | [
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lha5u | How does brain resting work? How can it be optimized? | I'm pretty sure a lot of people want to know how to rest better
| askscience | {
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"[Sleep and \"resting\" are not the same.](_URL_1_)\n\n[Here is what happens during sleep and why our brains need it.](_URL_2_)\n\n[Sleep hygiene](_URL_0_) is essentially the key to ensuring your brain gets good \"rest\". \n\nIf you have more specific que... | {
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"url": [
"http://www.umm.edu/sleep/sleep_hyg.htm",
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"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ik703/why_do_humans_need_sleep/"
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} | How does brain resting work? How can it be optimized?
I'm pretty sure a lot of people want to know how to rest better | [
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3p9mne | How valuable is the Flesch reading ease? | *Nature* just published a study showing that the Flesch reading ease of the IPCC reports has been decreasing over time. Is that especially meaningful? How well does the Flesch score actually capture how difficult something is to read? | askscience | {
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"It's not meaningful at all. You can see some of the criticism by professional linguists [here](_URL_0_) and in the links contained within."
],
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3
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"url": []
} | {
"url": [
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} | How valuable is the Flesch reading ease?
*Nature* just published a study showing that the Flesch reading ease of the IPCC reports has been decreasing over time. Is that especially meaningful? How well does the Flesch score actually capture how difficult something is to read? | [
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nuyy9 | Are Protons and Neutrons in a nucleus static or do they move about in a "gloop"? | The strong nuclear force holds them together but when they are together, do they have a fixed position, like a solid or do they move about? | askscience | {
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"Early models of the nucleus regarded it as a \"liquid drop,\" where the nucleons did effectively behave as if they constituted a liquid.\n\nHowever, according to modern models that better match experimental data, it would be more appropriate to think of it as a gas."
... | {
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} | Are Protons and Neutrons in a nucleus static or do they move about in a "gloop"?
The strong nuclear force holds them together but when they are together, do they have a fixed position, like a solid or do they move about? | [
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3o9eiq | What is the length of one photograph? Thanks in advance. | [deleted] | askscience | {
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"The length is however long the shutter was left open to allow the camera to gather light. This is called the shutter speed: \n_URL_0_ \n\nYou can make it as long or short as you like. A one second shutter speed lets in a lot of light, dimmer objects cou... | {
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"url": [
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} | What is the length of one photograph? Thanks in advance.
[deleted] | [
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23u6bs | Is it possible to follow the Solstice? If so how far would I have to travel per day? | If I wanted to follow the sun to enjoy the most amount of sunlight (or longest night by contrast) from the tropic of cancer to the tropic of capricorn and have the longest days possible for an entire year, how far would I have to travel each day? Is this even possible? | askscience | {
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"It would be fairly easy to move each day so that the sun always passes overhead.\n\nThe Sun does not move linearly from day to day, but roughly a sine wave (to within first order - our slightly elliptical orbit throws this off a bit). So, it spends a while around solsti... | {
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} | Is it possible to follow the Solstice? If so how far would I have to travel per day?
If I wanted to follow the sun to enjoy the most amount of sunlight (or longest night by contrast) from the tropic of cancer to the tropic of capricorn and have the longest days possible for an entire year, how far would I have to trave... | [
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roeat | Scientists of Reddit, what would happen if you had complete control over everything in your body? | askscience | {
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],
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} | Scientists of Reddit, what would happen if you had complete control over everything in your body?
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40i2ju | Can there be such a distance function? | I want to know about a special distance function. I know the properties of a normal distance function, in any space, but one has recently drawn my attention: the triangular inequality.
The triangular inequality can be explained the following manner (if I understand correctly):
given A,B and C 3 points in some space and... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Yes. But before we start, first the 4 properties that a function must have in order to be a distance function:\n\n- D(x, y) = 0 if and only if x = y\n- D(x, y) = D(y, x)\n- D(x, y) > = 0\n- D(x, z) < = D(x, y) + D(y, z)\n\nthe last one being the triangle inequality th... | {
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} | Can there be such a distance function?
I want to know about a special distance function. I know the properties of a normal distance function, in any space, but one has recently drawn my attention: the triangular inequality. The triangular inequality can be explained the following manner (if I understand correctly): giv... | [
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5ige5r | If Astatine and Francium have half-lives measured in minutes/hours, how on Earth are they naturally occurring? | Sorry for the pun. | askscience | {
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"They are decay products of other unstable atoms. For example, Uranium-235 undergoes alpha decay to Thorium-231 which beta decays to Protractinium-231 which alpha decays to Actinium-227 which alpha decays to Francium-223 which beta decays to Astatine-223."... | {
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} | If Astatine and Francium have half-lives measured in minutes/hours, how on Earth are they naturally occurring?
Sorry for the pun. | [
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61vilt | Are we able to detect when pairs of particles spotaneously pop into existence? | As I understand it, elementary particles will pop into existence as a contrary pair of particles. Naturally, particles will also cancel out very quickly after coming into existence. Does this leave behind some trace that we can detect? | askscience | {
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"Virtual particles are by definition not observable.\n\nHowever the kinds of effects of QFT which *can be* described in terms of virtual particles have measurable effects. For example, the Casimir effect, the masses of hadrons, the fact that coupling const... | {
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} | Are we able to detect when pairs of particles spotaneously pop into existence?
As I understand it, elementary particles will pop into existence as a contrary pair of particles. Naturally, particles will also cancel out very quickly after coming into existence. Does this leave behind some trace that we can detect? | [
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4qpdho | What would trigger a universal phase transition? | I was reading an article, _URL_0_ , about phase transition and I think I understand the idea, but I don't understand how it could be initiated? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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],
"text": [
"Either an incredibly high energy event or quantum tunnelling basically.\n\nSee [this](_URL_0_)."
],
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"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://m.huffpost.com/uk/entry/4437807.html?edition=uk"
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"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_vacuum"
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} | What would trigger a universal phase transition?
I was reading an article, _URL_0_ , about phase transition and I think I understand the idea, but I don't understand how it could be initiated? | [
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7e6byk | Imagine I detect (localize) a particle at one location, and wait a short period of time to let its probablility distribution "spread out". Does this probability go to zero at some finite distance away, based on how long I wait? | I just saw a question like "what is the probability that an electron from the other side of the Earth is in my room.
This made me wonder. AFAIK, an electron's probability distribution in space extends infinitely, but with an exponential decrease the further out you go. Does this not mean that an electron prepared in ... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Immediately after measuring the position of a particle, you'd collapse its wavefunction into something like a [Dirac delta function](_URL_0_) at some position (or imagine a Gaussian function with arbitrarily small width if you care about being mathematically precise).\n... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac_delta_function",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/314821/exponential-decay-of-feynman-propagator-outside-the-lightcone",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagator#Faster_than_light.3F"
]
} | Imagine I detect (localize) a particle at one location, and wait a short period of time to let its probablility distribution "spread out". Does this probability go to zero at some finite distance away, based on how long I wait?
I just saw a question like "what is the probability that an electron from the other side of ... | [
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1b061p | Is uniformity of the CMB a de facto requirement of The Standard Model, and if so, is there a distance scale at which it must be manifest? | Layman here, hi /askscience.
I read some blurbs about the data from the Planck mission which mentioned that there are anomalies in the cosmic microwave background which don't mesh with the predictions that the universe will look basically the same in all directions. I understand the premise of the prediction (Coperni... | askscience | {
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"text": [
"Well, I'm not a physics expert, but I do not think that it matters to the CMB radiation that the universe might be infinite. Recall why this radiation exists in the first place.\n\nAt first the universe was too dense and full of energy for photons to travel through it. ... | {
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} | {
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"url": []
} | Is uniformity of the CMB a de facto requirement of The Standard Model, and if so, is there a distance scale at which it must be manifest?
Layman here, hi /askscience. I read some blurbs about the data from the Planck mission which mentioned that there are anomalies in the cosmic microwave background which don't mesh wi... | [
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59ltua | What is line-by-line phase reversal and how did it help bring about color television? | In [this video](_URL_0_) by the channel standupmaths, the narrator states that line-by-line phase reversal was used to enable colored TV. While the narrator does walk through the math of how line-by-line phase reversal solves the issue of incorporating color TV signals into pre-existing picture and sound signals, he do... | askscience | {
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"In the NTSC standard, there was no reversal. This meant that any shift in the colour signal resulted in the colours going wrong - that's why NTSC TVs often had a colour dial to manually adjust it, so people weren't green, and so on. That's why NTSC would ... | {
"url": []
} | {
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"https://youtu.be/3GJUM6pCpew?t=273"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | What is line-by-line phase reversal and how did it help bring about color television?
In [this video](_URL_0_) by the channel standupmaths, the narrator states that line-by-line phase reversal was used to enable colored TV. While the narrator does walk through the math of how line-by-line phase reversal solves the issu... | [
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pyxgk | Is there a possibility of "adding more cone types" to the human eye? | As I understand it, the wavelengths you can see are determined by the type and amount of cone cells in your eyes. Is it possible, with current technology or even in theory, to add more cone types / more cone cells to change what we can see? Is there a possibility of people engineering themselves to actually see ultravi... | askscience | {
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"c3td0no"
],
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"Yes; in fact, there are human beings alive right now (mostly females) who have 4 cone types (called tetrachromats), and they are able to distinguish between colors that other people can't, and seem to have a richer and more complex sense of color."
],
"score": [
... | {
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"url": []
} | Is there a possibility of "adding more cone types" to the human eye?
As I understand it, the wavelengths you can see are determined by the type and amount of cone cells in your eyes. Is it possible, with current technology or even in theory, to add more cone types / more cone cells to change what we can see? Is there a... | [
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2yilr8 | Where would I go if I kept on travelling up? | Hey, first time poster here.
What would happen if I were to launch a spaceship from the North Pole, and continually travelled in a upwards direction. Is there anything (planets, stars, etc.) that are above our solar system?
I really dont know if I'm making this clear or not, but thanks anyway. | askscience | {
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"Well, there's no planets, but along your way out of the Solar System you might pass a few Oort Cloud objects (mostly bodies made of ice/dust/rock). As you travel you'll eventually pass the heliopause, the boundary of where the solar wind-blown bubble butt... | {
"url": []
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"url": []
} | Where would I go if I kept on travelling up?
Hey, first time poster here. What would happen if I were to launch a spaceship from the North Pole, and continually travelled in a upwards direction. Is there anything (planets, stars, etc.) that are above our solar system? I really dont know if I'm making this clear or not,... | [
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14z3f8 | Effects of bases on skin | Now I realize that this will make me sound like a serial torturer, so here's the very silly reason I want this information: My father-in-law and I were talking large scale defense hypothetical scenarios.
Here goes.
I'm interested to know how bases effect the body, specifically, strong bases.
When I looked into it on... | askscience | {
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"I'll give it a shot, at least parts of it.\n\nIt has been known by humans for centuries that bases + fatty acids, such as those found in skin oils, undergo a reaction called [saponification](_URL_0_). Essentially, creation of soap. I reme... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saponification"
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} | Effects of bases on skin
Now I realize that this will make me sound like a serial torturer, so here's the very silly reason I want this information: My father-in-law and I were talking large scale defense hypothetical scenarios. Here goes. I'm interested to know how bases effect the body, specifically, strong bases. Wh... | [
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1tpm2w | We need your 2013 BestOf nominations for our five AskScience categories. Details inside! | Calling all science enthusiasts - AskScience needs your help! Help us ring in the new year with your recommendations and upvotes for our community's [Reddit BestOf 2013 Awards](_URL_2_)!
The admins have given us Reddit Gold to help us celebrate our community’s superlatives in 2013. We need your help to find, nominate... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"ceadn6u",
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"text": [
"On categories about \"upvotes\", is this referring to pure upvotes, or net score? E.g. an answer could technically have 30 upvotes but have a below 30, zero or even net negative score. Would such a submission be allowed?",
"So hard to choose, but I wo... | {
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"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1tpkuf/askscience_2013_bestof_awards_nominations_most/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1tpl2w/askscience_2013_bestof_awards_nominations_best/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/bestof2013",
"http://www.google.com/search?q=site:reddit.com/r... | {
"url": [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1bd7rl/meta_introducing_askscience_sponsored_content/"
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} | We need your 2013 BestOf nominations for our five AskScience categories. Details inside!
Calling all science enthusiasts - AskScience needs your help! Help us ring in the new year with your recommendations and upvotes for our community's [Reddit BestOf 2013 Awards](_URL_2_)! The admins have given us Reddit Gold to help... | [
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kkdt7 | Are Foregen's goals (foreskin restoration) realistic? | [Foregen](_URL_1_) claims that its tasks are to:
> - negotiating with research institutes in the field of regenerative medicine to promote dermal regeneration for the genitally injured;
- organizing research and clinical trials necessary to make regenerative medical applications a reality;
- fund-raising for the clin... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c2kymq7"
],
"text": [
"I kinda stopped reading when it said \" Apart from our kidneys, why can’t humans regenerate as adults\". It's the [liver](_URL_0_) which is the only internal \norgan that can regenerate. \n\n*edit: And further down their page they say that their regenerative medicine ha... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.foregen.org/category/learn-more/",
"http://www.foregen.org/"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver#Regeneration"
]
} | Are Foregen's goals (foreskin restoration) realistic?
[Foregen](_URL_1_) claims that its tasks are to: > - negotiating with research institutes in the field of regenerative medicine to promote dermal regeneration for the genitally injured; - organizing research and clinical trials necessary to make regenerative medical... | [
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jpdun | Is it true that antacids actually prevent your esophageal sphincter and/or pyloric valve from closing thereby exacerbating acid reflux/heartburn/gastritis? [medical] | According to a few sources I've found online antacids merely mask the symptoms of acid reflux/heartburn/gastritis instead of addressing the actual cause, which these sources claim is actually too low stomach acidity instead of the conventionally accepted wisdom/advertisements that insist that it's a result of too much ... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"You know, I have a real hard time answering this just due to the fact you truly are questioning how drugs that have been on the market for exceedingly long periods of time (especially stuff like sodium bicarbonate which has been around fore... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://naturalbias.com/why-antacids-will-never-cure-your-heartburn/"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001311/"
]
} | Is it true that antacids actually prevent your esophageal sphincter and/or pyloric valve from closing thereby exacerbating acid reflux/heartburn/gastritis? [medical]
According to a few sources I've found online antacids merely mask the symptoms of acid reflux/heartburn/gastritis instead of addressing the actual cause, ... | [
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1qn8j8 | Is this a theoretically possible way to look back in time? | Okay, assume these two things are true:
1. We have telescopes that can see nearly infinitely clear and far
2. We can send objects into space at a speed faster than 1/2 the speed of light.
We send what's basically a telescope attached to a huge screen into space at 0.51 times the speed of light. The telescope is poin... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"I'm confused. This is a way to document life as it is and see it in the future. Though I think normal video cameras are better for that. Why do you think that this would be able to see into the past. The telescope is moving slower than the speed of light,... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Is this a theoretically possible way to look back in time?
Okay, assume these two things are true: 1. We have telescopes that can see nearly infinitely clear and far 2. We can send objects into space at a speed faster than 1/2 the speed of light. We send what's basically a telescope attached to a huge screen into space... | [
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34gl9g | If the Big Crunch occurred, how would it be observed? | I know that the Big Crunch is an unlikely event, but I want to know how long would it take us to perceive that the universe is contracting? Would it's effects be observed immediately? Is the lifespan of the universe at it's midpoint the moment the Big Crunch begins? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cquibfs"
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"> I know that the Big Crunch is an unlikely event, but I want to know how long would it take us to perceive that the universe is contracting? \n\nFor one thing, that would be a pretty bizarre observation, considering we just recently discovered that expansion of the un... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerating_universe#Evidence_for_acceleration",
"http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/media/990350/990350b.jpg"
]
} | If the Big Crunch occurred, how would it be observed?
I know that the Big Crunch is an unlikely event, but I want to know how long would it take us to perceive that the universe is contracting? Would it's effects be observed immediately? Is the lifespan of the universe at it's midpoint the moment the Big Crunch begins? | [
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2ou57g | In QM, is it always possible to measure to observables that commute precisely & simultaneously? | For example, the operators of momentum and kinetic energy commute. Therefore at least some of the eigenstates of momentum are also eigenstates of kinetic energy.
What about a particle that is in a state that is an eigenstate of momentum but not of kinetic energy? If a particle is in this particular state, does that me... | askscience | {
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"url": [
"http://www2.ph.ed.ac.uk/~ldeldebb/docs/QM/lect2.pdf"
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} | In QM, is it always possible to measure to observables that commute precisely & simultaneously?
For example, the operators of momentum and kinetic energy commute. Therefore at least some of the eigenstates of momentum are also eigenstates of kinetic energy. What about a particle that is in a state that is an eigenstate... | [
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wu6dc | What ever happened to DRACO? | [MIT Article](_URL_0_)
A while back this was all over reddit for a few days. It seemed like a potential miracle drug. But a web search returned no news. Does anyone know what happened with it?
| askscience | {
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} | {
"url": [
"http://www.ll.mit.edu/news/DRACO.html"
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"url": []
} | What ever happened to DRACO?
[MIT Article](_URL_0_) A while back this was all over reddit for a few days. It seemed like a potential miracle drug. But a web search returned no news. Does anyone know what happened with it? | [
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1wov8z | Are C-sections having an evolutionary impact? | Is it changing anything like birth weight, head size, allowing women to have smaller hips? Or anything else. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cf464po",
"cf95l6h"
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"text": [
"I would say no, for two main reasons:\n\n1) They haven't been around nearly long enough to have an impact on the species (selection takes many generations). Additionally, since humans are making mate selections based on a lot of criteria that have nothing... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
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} | Are C-sections having an evolutionary impact?
Is it changing anything like birth weight, head size, allowing women to have smaller hips? Or anything else. | [
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xr2fa | Is the live coverage of Curiosity "live?" | askscience | {
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],
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} | Is the live coverage of Curiosity "live?"
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2j8yvl | Why do photovoltaic cell graphs level out? | I recently did an experiment similar to this one:
_URL_0_
When discussing my graph and data I wasn't sure why the graph of a photovoltaic cell's voltage output in relation to LUX levels out. Is this because pv cells have a maximum capacity or some other reason? And if so, what is it? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cl9wlil"
],
"text": [
"If this is for a class, you need to warn your teacher that the experiment in the link is fundamentally incorrect.\n\nThe author has you measure the open-circuit voltage, i.e. the voltage under zero-current conditions, with no load resistor connected across the solar pan... | {
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} | {
"url": [
"http://tuhsphysics.ttsd.k12.or.us/Research/IB07/BakeVanC/index.htm"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | Why do photovoltaic cell graphs level out?
I recently did an experiment similar to this one: _URL_0_ When discussing my graph and data I wasn't sure why the graph of a photovoltaic cell's voltage output in relation to LUX levels out. Is this because pv cells have a maximum capacity or some other reason? And if so, what... | [
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10rg8b | Guidance for motion tracking experiment/exploration | Hello reddit!
Before I begin asking questions, I will explain the problem. I am a visual effects artist for Hollywood, and one major part of the visual effects industry is the digital recreation of the movement of a camera. For any particular shot that an artist is working on, they are usually given a digital represen... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c6fzkzs",
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],
"text": [
"Okay, you are asking for too much. The state of the art are external, fixed, tracking cameras. \n\nSo MAYBE you cannot do that. Well, you can get a 7 axis movement tracker with bluetooth. It does acceleration in the X, Y, and Z directions, roll, pitch, ya... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Guidance for motion tracking experiment/exploration
Hello reddit! Before I begin asking questions, I will explain the problem. I am a visual effects artist for Hollywood, and one major part of the visual effects industry is the digital recreation of the movement of a camera. For any particular shot that an artist is wo... | [
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6jshp5 | How do aeronautical engineers account for saltwater exposure when they are designing and aircraft for the navy? | Having grownup and am still living in Pensacola, Florida I wonder how engineers account for exposure to saltwater in their designs. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"djh1cdb",
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],
"text": [
"Quick answer: material selection. \n\nA fairly big portion of newer aircraft are made from composites, which don't have the issues that many metals have with salt exposure (at least during expected life span). Even with metal components, you're talking ab... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | How do aeronautical engineers account for saltwater exposure when they are designing and aircraft for the navy?
Having grownup and am still living in Pensacola, Florida I wonder how engineers account for exposure to saltwater in their designs. | [
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qscm0 | What is the latest research on *how* human's can do low or high level math? Mechanically, what is going on in there? (The Brain.) | _URL_0_
There is that article, and it seems to shed a good amount of light, but it's from 1999. Has there been anything else done? Any great strides? I would assume so, our ability to Math (verb) is quite important to our identity as a species.
[Edit]: There is a *typo* in the title. I promise I'm not retarded. I ch... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c402tso"
],
"text": [
"5-year psychology/neuroscience student here: \n\nI can probably help you out but you need to be more specific\n\nCan you give me an example of what you mean by high and low level math? Are you talking about simple addition versus trigonometry here? \n\nWhat about the me... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/1999/05/12/MN28876.DTL"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | What is the latest research on *how* human's can do low or high level math? Mechanically, what is going on in there? (The Brain.)
_URL_0_ There is that article, and it seems to shed a good amount of light, but it's from 1999. Has there been anything else done? Any great strides? I would assume so, our ability to Math (... | [
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saggv | What causes chairs, tables and night stands to eventually become wobbly? | Is it the floor warping or the legs wearing out or neither? Sitting on a wobbly chair at the moment.. | askscience | {
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"Probably not what you intended, but in my experience this often occurs due to bolts or other fasteners loosening over time, especially as the pieces are moved around, especially while weighted down.",
"Mathematically speaking, these thi... | {
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} | {
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} | What causes chairs, tables and night stands to eventually become wobbly?
Is it the floor warping or the legs wearing out or neither? Sitting on a wobbly chair at the moment.. | [
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4hvnu7 | Why does a string form certain parabolas? | A string attached between two points will hang in the shape of a parabola. What factors affect this shape? Will all strings behave the same way and form the same parabola? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"> A string attached between two points will hang in the shape of a parabola.\n\n\n-\n\n\nYou have repeated here an error that was made already in 1638 by Galileo. Eight years later, in 1646, Huygens proved that the shape so formed cannot be a parabola. ... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://jcsites.juniata.edu/faculty/bukowski/leiden/cmj002-011.pdf"
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} | Why does a string form certain parabolas?
A string attached between two points will hang in the shape of a parabola. What factors affect this shape? Will all strings behave the same way and form the same parabola? | [
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3wnwfb | What can we learn from the result that (i)^2 = e^(ipi)? | So I am currently learning about Euler's Identity and spotted that alongside the standard e^ipi = -1, (i)^2 = -1 so (i)^2 must also equal e^(ipi)...Is there anything interesting about this result, or is it just a re-arrangement of Euler's Identity? Does it lead to other interesting results? | askscience | {
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"I think you'll find that they more generally arise from rotation in the complex plane. \n\nConsider the function e^(ix) = cos(x) + i sin(x). Evaluating the cos(x) and sin(x) give a point in the complex plane of the form a+ib. Specifically, it's on the unit circle. It's ... | {
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} | What can we learn from the result that (i)^2 = e^(ipi)?
So I am currently learning about Euler's Identity and spotted that alongside the standard e^ipi = -1, (i)^2 = -1 so (i)^2 must also equal e^(ipi)...Is there anything interesting about this result, or is it just a re-arrangement of Euler's Identity? Does it lead to... | [
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5alwcy | Where do microscopic and macroscopic overlap? | There's clearly a difference between the two, but I was wondering if there's a known scale at which we see quantum effects begin to approximate classical terms | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"> I was wondering if there's a known scale at which we see quantum effects begin to approximate classical terms\n\nThere always is, but it depends on the system. For a lot of day-to-day systems, which have a a lot of particles at finite temperature, the ... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_de_Broglie_wavelength"
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} | Where do microscopic and macroscopic overlap?
There's clearly a difference between the two, but I was wondering if there's a known scale at which we see quantum effects begin to approximate classical terms | [
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12ifa4 | I need help with naming something. | I really feel this term came from science. It describes arriving at a bad conclusion.
**Made-up Example:** Five children all live on the same street where the water is bad and making them sick. Every child on this street loves to wear orange clothing. At school teachers notice all children are sick and come to the con... | askscience | {
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"text": [
"In common english:\n\n[Correlation does not imply causation](_URL_0_).",
"Perhaps the [fundamental attribution error](_URL_1_) is what you're looking for?",
"I think you may be talking about an [association fallacy](_URL_2_), aka \"... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation_does_not_imply_causation",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_attribution_error",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_fallacy"
]
} | I need help with naming something.
I really feel this term came from science. It describes arriving at a bad conclusion. **Made-up Example:** Five children all live on the same street where the water is bad and making them sick. Every child on this street loves to wear orange clothing. At school teachers notice all chi... | [
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xr7ms | So, Redditors of NASA, JPL, and related researchers... what have we learned from this important off-planet mission? | askscience | {
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"I work for neither of those three, but we have just discovered a new, viable landing system for larger payloads =0"
],
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2
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} | So, Redditors of NASA, JPL, and related researchers... what have we learned from this important off-planet mission?
| [
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29l7zz | why does chimerism in many animals have a perfect "midsagittial" split? | As far as coloration/pigmentation I'm aware it can be "spotty", but I've been seeing a lot of pictures with a near perfect midsagittal plane split lately (if that's the proper term you would use). what would be the genetic or developmental causation for this exact down the middle split in genome? | askscience | {
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"Phenotypic expression patterns in chimeric individuals is often dependent on the location of the transplanted cells which will eventually lead to the resulting phenotype. Transplantation is often done during early development in which the total cell number is very small... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | why does chimerism in many animals have a perfect "midsagittial" split?
As far as coloration/pigmentation I'm aware it can be "spotty", but I've been seeing a lot of pictures with a near perfect midsagittal plane split lately (if that's the proper term you would use). what would be the genetic or developmental causatio... | [
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80zqkr | I've seen some books and places claim that Hagfish have two brains, but when I look this up I find little to nothing about this, and when I looked at a diagram of a Hagfish's head it showed what looked like just one brain. Is this just a myth, or is it more complicated than this? | askscience | {
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"I know that the males fuze themselves with the female and turn into a sperm bank so I supose in the mid way when the male still have his brain and its fuzed with the female the could \"have\" 2 brains.But I dont think so given that they are 2 diferent individuals of the... | {
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"url": []
} | I've seen some books and places claim that Hagfish have two brains, but when I look this up I find little to nothing about this, and when I looked at a diagram of a Hagfish's head it showed what looked like just one brain. Is this just a myth, or is it more complicated than this?
| [
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ksd4l | Would it be ethical and useful to use oneself as a subject for studying the bites of Tegenaria agrestis (Hobo Spider)? | I'm interested in finding out more, first hand, about the nature of the purported 'necrotic' bites of the 'hobo spider'. All studies I have found pertinent to this topic have never been about human exposures--and there has yet to be a truly well documented case of a necrotic bite.
I would like to test this on myself. ... | askscience | {
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"Most institutions allow people to try things on themselves. [Barry Marshall](_URL_1_) the Australian who confirmed that ulcers could be caused by bacteria did so by drinking a petri dish of *H. pylori*. So, I think ethics is... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://utahpests.usu.edu/uppdl/files/uploads/Hobo%20Spider%20Dermonecrotic%20Lesions.pdf",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Marshall",
"http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=1582",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmidt_Sting_Pain_Index"
]
} | Would it be ethical and useful to use oneself as a subject for studying the bites of Tegenaria agrestis (Hobo Spider)?
I'm interested in finding out more, first hand, about the nature of the purported 'necrotic' bites of the 'hobo spider'. All studies I have found pertinent to this topic have never been about human exp... | [
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4iebci | Were D & C procedures part of the tubal ligation procedure in the early or mid 1980's? | So today is Mother's Day and a few years ago my mother confided in me a guilt she has carried for a long time. Several months after the birth of my youngest sibling, she had her tubes tied. Apparently the doctor performed a D & C as part of the procedure. She was never told that she was pregnant but later felt that thi... | askscience | {
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"D & C is a generic procedure to clear out the uterus. Yes, it is used during abortions, but it is also used for other purposes when there is excess tissue in the uterus. It's unlikely a doctor would perform an abortion without her consent and it'd be a huge breach of et... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Were D & C procedures part of the tubal ligation procedure in the early or mid 1980's?
So today is Mother's Day and a few years ago my mother confided in me a guilt she has carried for a long time. Several months after the birth of my youngest sibling, she had her tubes tied. Apparently the doctor performed a D & C as ... | [
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vp60y | Radioactive alarmclock | askscience | {
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"text": [
"Well, here's an experiment to see if it uses radioactive glow-in-the-dark paint: put it in a dark closet for several hours. If it's still glowing, it's probably radioactive.\n\nApparently, though, the radioactive dose you get isn't that significant. Accor... | {
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"url": [
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} | Radioactive alarmclock
| [
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14uwgm | which is most important, response rate or sample size | askscience | {
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"text": [
"The most important thing is that A) the responses are truly drawn from a random sample (or as close to random as possible), and B) you get a couple thousand responses. This is how political polls work.\n\nDue to [Poisson statistics](_URL_0_), the % uncer... | {
"url": []
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"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson_distribution",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-response_bias"
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} | which is most important, response rate or sample size
| [
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1v7pbt | How is 100 percent daily value measured? | I was drinking a smoothie blend drink and noticed it had 1,500% of my daily value of Vitamin C. What is daily value based off of/how is it measured? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"Daily values of food/drinks are based around a 2,000 calorie/day diet (most nutrition labels will say this). I guess scientists and doctors determine how much of each nutrient you need.\n\nFor example, let's say you need 50g of Vitamin C (not the real value, probably) b... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | How is 100 percent daily value measured?
I was drinking a smoothie blend drink and noticed it had 1,500% of my daily value of Vitamin C. What is daily value based off of/how is it measured? | [
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14fkf6 | Hi Guys. Ive tried this on a few different subreddits and got redirected here. Could someone help explain Taste to me. (more detailed question in comments)
| I've been wondering about this for awhile but can someone explain taste to me? I asked on r/science and didnt get anything. Maybe I worded it wrong or something. Basically what Im wondering is how does taste work? I know smell can affect it, but I remember playing trivial pursuit as a kid and one of the cards said that... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c7cqcvh"
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"text": [
"so there are the five basic tastes. sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami or savory.\n\nEach has a different receptor. Sweet a receptor for sugars, sourfor hydrogen ions, salt for sodium ions, bitter various compounds, and umami responds to glutamate, or MSG. Anyways ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Hi Guys. Ive tried this on a few different subreddits and got redirected here. Could someone help explain Taste to me. (more detailed question in comments)
I've been wondering about this for awhile but can someone explain taste to me? I asked on r/science and didnt get anything. Maybe I worded it wrong or something. Ba... | [
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1wsivq | Where has the divergence in the pronunciation of the word "niche" come from? | specifically: "neesh" and "nitch" | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"I'll suppose the difference between the pronunciations is strictly bound to American and British English. One explanation is that the Anglo-Norman language has had a superstratum-influence on English, back in the 11th century. This means that the English peasants took o... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
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} | Where has the divergence in the pronunciation of the word "niche" come from?
specifically: "neesh" and "nitch" | [
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1ew2r8 | Some please explain to me: The relationship between parallel fibers, climbing fibers, and "long term depression", as it relates to neuroscience | I am starting an internship studying mice in a conditioned /unconditioned stimulus paradigm using electrodes and tones (classical conditioning). I am reading all these research papers talking about parallel fibers and climbing fibers, as well as things such as long term depression of synapses and Purkinje cells. I was ... | askscience | {
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"Ok, so I'm going to assume that you're reading about the cerebellum. I'll therefore limit myself to this region of the brain. All the fibers and cells you are referring to are parts of the cerebellar circuitry (i.e. the circuitry of the cerebellum).\n\nLet's use the fol... | {
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"url": []
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"url": [
"http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v12/n6/full/nrn3011.html",
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"http://i.imgur.com/msTaM4S.gif",
"http://i.imgur.com/6eiGCt1.jpg",
"http://www.cell.com/trends/cognitive-sciences/abstract/S1364-6613%2813%2900065-X"
]... | Some please explain to me: The relationship between parallel fibers, climbing fibers, and "long term depression", as it relates to neuroscience
I am starting an internship studying mice in a conditioned /unconditioned stimulus paradigm using electrodes and tones (classical conditioning). I am reading all these research... | [
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2985sy | Why are some DVT's asymptomatic? | I've heard plenty of how a DVT can cause pain, swelling, and other symptoms in a patient, but also that it could cause no symptoms at all. Why is this?
The only theory I have is that the clot moves before it causes major problems with circulation, but with my lack of knowledge, it's probably wrong. Haha. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Based on what you stated was your theory, I think I see where you might be confused.\n\nClots, in general, result from the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, followed by fibrin deposition and other factors gathering together (cellular debris, red and white blood cel... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3079895/"
]
} | Why are some DVT's asymptomatic?
I've heard plenty of how a DVT can cause pain, swelling, and other symptoms in a patient, but also that it could cause no symptoms at all. Why is this? The only theory I have is that the clot moves before it causes major problems with circulation, but with my lack of knowledge, it's pro... | [
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llklt | Are adipose cells in the human body created but never destroyed? | And if so, does this mean that, for example, a person who weighs 300 pounds then loses it down to 150 pounds will never be the same physically as someone who has always been 150 pounds?
I know excess skin flaps occur in people who've lost lots of weight, but what occurs as a result of all the extra adipose cells that ... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c2tnpke"
],
"text": [
"More or less. Adipocytes do have a lifespan, but it's quite long when compared to most other cells. Can range from months to years. \n\nThere's two ways that you can gain fat: hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipocytes, and the distinction is important. \n\nHypertroph... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.scq.ubc.ca/america-and-adipocytes-why-liposuction-is-not-the-answer/"
]
} | Are adipose cells in the human body created but never destroyed?
And if so, does this mean that, for example, a person who weighs 300 pounds then loses it down to 150 pounds will never be the same physically as someone who has always been 150 pounds? I know excess skin flaps occur in people who've lost lots of weight, ... | [
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2o5crg | Can somebody help me understand Boyle's and Charle's laws? (Thermal physics) | It is alot of information to take in, and i can't seem to be able to fully understand thoose concept, especially the relationship between:
Pressure, Volume and temperature | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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],
"text": [
"Imagine a piston:\n\n* As you compress the piston (V decreased), the pressure builds up inside. So P is inversely proportional to V.^*\n* As you heat the piston at constant volume (T increased), the pressure builds up inside, so P is proportional to T.^*\n\nAt this poin... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Can somebody help me understand Boyle's and Charle's laws? (Thermal physics)
It is alot of information to take in, and i can't seem to be able to fully understand thoose concept, especially the relationship between: Pressure, Volume and temperature | [
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1pgz63 | What is a nucleosome and what does it do? | I haven't found an explaination simple enough for me to understand. To understand this I probably need to know what a chromatin is, but I don't understand those either. Thank you!
Edit: Thanks for all your answers, I do understand a little more about myself now. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"A nucleosome is basically the packed structure of DNA and its associated proteins. [This](_URL_0_) picture shows it well enough. Chromatin is made up of nucleosomes, like beads on a string. The histones pack DNA tightly and when histones are acetylated, t... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/images/nucleosome.gif"
]
} | What is a nucleosome and what does it do?
I haven't found an explaination simple enough for me to understand. To understand this I probably need to know what a chromatin is, but I don't understand those either. Thank you! Edit: Thanks for all your answers, I do understand a little more about myself now. | [
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14snm4 | Do we currently have a good explanation as to why the layers of the retina are inverted from what we would expect? | From my understanding in my neurobiology course, the layers of the retina are not arraigned to best "capture" the light. The cones and rod cells are farthest away from the vitreous body instead of being the closest, and the light has to penetrate the ganglion and bipolar cells to order to strike the photo-receptive ce... | askscience | {
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"The explanation we learned was evolution: photoreceptors came first and then more complex circuitry was added later. It turns out, cephalopods [have stuff in the \"sensible\" order](_URL_0_) and vertebrates do not. It's less... | {
"url": []
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"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retina#Vertebrate_and_cephalopod_retina_differences",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19591859?dopt=Abstract"
]
} | Do we currently have a good explanation as to why the layers of the retina are inverted from what we would expect?
From my understanding in my neurobiology course, the layers of the retina are not arraigned to best "capture" the light. The cones and rod cells are farthest away from the vitreous body instead of being th... | [
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omopg | Why is it that L'Hospital's rule only works when the limit is to an answer that is in indeterminate form? | askscience | {
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"text": [
"The proof uses the fact that it is indeterminate. The special case [here](_URL_0_) is fairly simple to go through if you'd like."
],
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2
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27hopitals_rule#Special_case"
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} | Why is it that L'Hospital's rule only works when the limit is to an answer that is in indeterminate form?
| [
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uq8t5 | Two question about Barn Swallows: 1) are there non-mating males/helpers? 2) how can I make them more welcome/comfortable at my house? | I think they are barn swallows. I've notice a forked tail. I'm in eastern Nebraska. Here are some [photos](_URL_0_). The nest has been on the house above the garage for as long as we've lived here (3 years), and I wouldn't think of removing it, even if it were legal. I love having these guys around, and I'm interested ... | askscience | {
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"Yes, they are Barn Swallows.\n\nNo, there's nothing that you can put out for them to eat; they eat only insects caught on the wing. What would help them would be a nice big weedy patch of waste ground full of huge weeds and shrubby nasty things, all of which would attra... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://imgur.com/a/5GVqE"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347287801562"
]
} | Two question about Barn Swallows: 1) are there non-mating males/helpers? 2) how can I make them more welcome/comfortable at my house?
I think they are barn swallows. I've notice a forked tail. I'm in eastern Nebraska. Here are some [photos](_URL_0_). The nest has been on the house above the garage for as long as we've ... | [
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4jhvmh | How accurate is the concept behind Discovery's "Sonic Sea"? | I just saw [this video](_URL_0_) on Facebook which details the ways in which humans add noise pollution to the ocean. The trailer definitely does its best to make the problem sound really bad, but it seems to me as though the vastness of the ocean would make human noise pollution a pretty insignificant problem for whal... | askscience | {
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"text": [
"sound pollution in the sea is definitely an issue for whales, and could possibly interefere with their communications with each other\n\nthings like large diesel engines of ships bangin away at about 2-4Hz can be heard 1500kms away by some sonar!"
],
"score": [
... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://www.facebook.com/Discovery/videos/10154297859393586/"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | How accurate is the concept behind Discovery's "Sonic Sea"?
I just saw [this video](_URL_0_) on Facebook which details the ways in which humans add noise pollution to the ocean. The trailer definitely does its best to make the problem sound really bad, but it seems to me as though the vastness of the ocean would make h... | [
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2d6ogq | How can the Iron Dome system work? | I'm trying to figure out the physics of it. It seems fairly obvious, shooting a projectile fired into a roughly parabolic arc. But then I consider the speed the projectile is moving (RPG's move nearly 300 m/s) and the fact that the interceptor would have to be able to continuously update targets flight path and traject... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"You actually nailed it - antimissile systems works by doing a lot of calculations very fast, and correcting the flight path quickly.\n\n > implying it would have its own radar system and tracking computer\n\nYou're wrong on this, however. The missile doe... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-in_weapon_system#Missile_systems",
"http://gfycat.com/CompetentChiefAsiaticwildass",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_rod",
"http://i.imgur.com/SIcWESP.jpg",
"http://i.imgur.com/7oH5jbP.png",
"http://i.imgur.com/ojttvlR.jpg",
"http://i... | How can the Iron Dome system work?
I'm trying to figure out the physics of it. It seems fairly obvious, shooting a projectile fired into a roughly parabolic arc. But then I consider the speed the projectile is moving (RPG's move nearly 300 m/s) and the fact that the interceptor would have to be able to continuously upd... | [
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2emsnr | How does Isreal's Iron Dome work? | Does anyone know or is it classified? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"ck14qs4"
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"3rd time explaining this today (twice on ELI5). Not an expert, but had a passing familiarity and understanding, which google confirmed.\n\nHere is a very quick and simple breakdown (because other 2 detailed descriptions wound up in closed topics):\n\n1. Radar and detect... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.theweek.co.uk/world-news/middle-east/59368/iron-dome-how-israels-missile-defence-system-works"
]
} | How does Isreal's Iron Dome work?
Does anyone know or is it classified? | [
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882kla | Why is the Tiangong re-entry probability (in this picture on the right hand side) higher at the top and bottom of the zone? |
In this link:
_URL_0_
The probability shows highest at the top and bottom of the potential impact zone. Why is this? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Projected onto the ground the orbit makes a sine-like curve, with most of its path close to the upper and lower bounds in terms of latitude. There the station flies roughly parallel to the lines of constant latitude - it spends more time in these regions.... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://blogs.esa.int/rocketscience/files/2018/01/esa_esoc_tiangong1_risk_map_jan2018-1024x375.png"
]
} | {
"url": [
"https://imgur.com/a/1tRLW",
"https://planetplanetdotnet.files.wordpress.com/2014/03/ellipse_diagram.png"
]
} | Why is the Tiangong re-entry probability (in this picture on the right hand side) higher at the top and bottom of the zone?
In this link: _URL_0_ The probability shows highest at the top and bottom of the potential impact zone. Why is this? | [
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bgczvz | So another earthquake hit the PH today. Just 1 day apart, but from different places. Is there a connection between the 2? Should we be worried here in the PH for another big one? | _URL_0_ | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"elkpi9n"
],
"text": [
"For reference, the first large event was this [one](_URL_3_) occurring on 4/22 in the northern part of the country. The more recent event occurring on 4/23 was this [one](_URL_2_) in the more central/southern portion of the country.\n\nLocal geologists / seismologists h... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/pt19113000/executive?fbclid=IwAR39YcVlCbObvB3kvEQBhhUCQ5R56kYKHG5jkuCUtNu1k9NM4Ry_3DBy_5I"
]
} | {
"url": [
"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/pt19113000/region-info",
"https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-earth-060313-054648",
"https://www.emsc-csem.org/Earthquake/earthquake.php?id=760848",
"https://www.emsc-csem.org/Earthquake/earthquake.php?id=760623#summary",... | So another earthquake hit the PH today. Just 1 day apart, but from different places. Is there a connection between the 2? Should we be worried here in the PH for another big one?
_URL_0_ | [
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2hvr7j | Virologists: Does amount of virions one receives relate to severity of disease? | If as little as ten virions (i chose this number arbitrarily, as i am having difficulty finding any sources) is needed to contract the flu, would it be correct to assume that if one would receive a thousand virions at once, that they would contract a more severe case of the flu than if they had only received ten?
Or i... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"ckwjqic"
],
"text": [
"Higher viremia is often associated with more severe disease, such as during infections of [Dengue](_URL_0_). However, this is more related to established infections in the body, rather than inoculation. Interestingly, there was a study a year ago to demonstrate the effi... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10608744",
"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1473309911701426",
"http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1003205"
]
} | Virologists: Does amount of virions one receives relate to severity of disease?
If as little as ten virions (i chose this number arbitrarily, as i am having difficulty finding any sources) is needed to contract the flu, would it be correct to assume that if one would receive a thousand virions at once, that they would ... | [
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166c1i | Physics - Questions on EM Field (Propagators, etc) | The EM force propagates by photons (virtual photons, I believe). I imagine a proper understanding requires some QED or QFT, but I just want to check my physical intuition from various models with anyone who might have more experience. Maybe this is all completely irrelevant because we're only talking about virtual pa... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"It is important to make a distinction, as you mention in your edit, between virtual particles and so-called 'real' particles. The word 'particle' is the culprit for a lot of the confusion that arises when discussing virtual particles. Allow me to establis... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://i.imgur.com/afyWn.jpg",
"http://i.imgur.com/ZwBe6.jpg",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_fluctuation",
"http://i.imgur.com/jlyj2.jpg",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_carrier"
]
} | Physics - Questions on EM Field (Propagators, etc)
The EM force propagates by photons (virtual photons, I believe). I imagine a proper understanding requires some QED or QFT, but I just want to check my physical intuition from various models with anyone who might have more experience. Maybe this is all completely irrel... | [
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5sncjj | Is VALS, a psychoanalytic method for market segregation created in the 70s, still relevant in modern times and what are the competing methodologies? [Social Science] | VALS was created by SRI in the 70s to group people in different categories for political purpose as well as to predict buying patterns.
Is it still relevant today, and what are the competing methodologies back by solid science and research. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"ddhvshj"
],
"text": [
"My go-to methods for categorization using modern methods would be either a basic neural network, or possibly k-means clustering algorithm or single-linkage clustering. When to choose each:\n\n**Basic neural network =** If the categorization is a bizarre shape (many diff... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Is VALS, a psychoanalytic method for market segregation created in the 70s, still relevant in modern times and what are the competing methodologies? [Social Science]
VALS was created by SRI in the 70s to group people in different categories for political purpose as well as to predict buying patterns. Is it still releva... | [
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62129n | How does a boa constrictor hunt? I get how a viper can bite prey and follow it until it dies, but wouldn't wrapping yourself around a large animal take a long time and be realtively easy to escape? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"dfjpwer",
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"text": [
"Snakes are very muscular. Their bite force is pretty strong and hard to pry loose, but once they wrap their body around something, it's very easy for them to apply a lot of compressive force. \n\nYes, it can take a while to subdue and kill a larger animal... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | How does a boa constrictor hunt? I get how a viper can bite prey and follow it until it dies, but wouldn't wrapping yourself around a large animal take a long time and be realtively easy to escape?
| [
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1215lf | How rigorous is the science behind programs like p90x and Insanity? | I'm trying to start a new workout plan, and I'm wondering if programs like p90x and Insanity were conceived through real scientific method, or if they are just using guys in lab coats to sell a product. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"You should probably be aware that the state of exercise science is pretty crappy. It's easy to blame scientists for this (and, to be sure, in many ways they *are* to blame), but a great deal of the crappiness also comes from the difficulty in securing fun... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | How rigorous is the science behind programs like p90x and Insanity?
I'm trying to start a new workout plan, and I'm wondering if programs like p90x and Insanity were conceived through real scientific method, or if they are just using guys in lab coats to sell a product. | [
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6751h9 | What are the pros/cons of feed forward and feedback control systems? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"dgoatey"
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"Feedforward: you have a precise mathematical model of what you are controlling. This is simpler in terms of control, but getting the precise mathematical model may be difficult. \n\nFeedback: You don't need as good of a model, and you can handle errors that accumulate. ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | What are the pros/cons of feed forward and feedback control systems?
| [
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ybgjl | Is there any scientific phenomena that happens only at a finite point of conditions? | Water freezes at 0C and remains frozen. Is there anything that unique happens to something, for example, only at X degrees, no more or no less? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c5u18hw"
],
"text": [
"Sure, directly from your example water has a [triple point](_URL_2_) (specifically _URL_1_ for water). If you look at the entire [phase diagram](_URL_0_) then you'll see there are a large number of other \"single point\" phenomena. That feature is not atypical of phase ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Phase_diagram_of_water.svg",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_(molecule)#Triple_point",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_point"
]
} | Is there any scientific phenomena that happens only at a finite point of conditions?
Water freezes at 0C and remains frozen. Is there anything that unique happens to something, for example, only at X degrees, no more or no less? | [
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wp053 | How practical is the SEARL generator? | So today while at work one of my colleagues informed me of something called the SEARL generator (_URL_0_). I've been trying to do some research into it, but I decided that the experts here at /askscience may be able to help me travel down the unbiased path. My questions are as follow:
1. How exactly does this work (la... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c5f6mue",
"c5f6nri",
"c5f6vsy"
],
"text": [
"Simply because there are no good sources.\n\nThe documentation on the website reads like any other free energy claim. Furthermore, the guy appears to be claiming not only to have solved the energy problem, but also that this thing will cle... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://searlsolution.com/"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://searlsolution.com/members/documents/STbook10.pdf",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_perpetual_motion_machines"
]
} | How practical is the SEARL generator?
So today while at work one of my colleagues informed me of something called the SEARL generator (_URL_0_). I've been trying to do some research into it, but I decided that the experts here at /askscience may be able to help me travel down the unbiased path. My questions are as foll... | [
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1vffzv | Have any trends appeared using the Five Factor Model? | Ive recently been interested in psychology and specifically the dynamics of personality psychology. Eventually I found the Five Factor Model. Basically, I was wondering if the FFM has shown any trends or correlations within or between the five factors.
E.g. Those that score higher in neuroticism generally score low i... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cetievr",
"cetgim7"
],
"text": [
"Hello, I/O Psychologist student here teaching Personality Psychology this semester. One of my favorite topics of recent has been Personality, more specifically, the General Factor of Personality (GFP). The FFM is a way to express someone's personality usi... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.beanmanaged.eu/pdf/articles/arnoldbakker/article_arnold_bakker_218.pdf",
"http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=10&ved=0CHoQFjAJ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beanmanaged.eu%2Fpdf%2Farticles%2Farnoldbakker%2Farticle_arnold_bakker_218.pdf&ei=... | Have any trends appeared using the Five Factor Model?
Ive recently been interested in psychology and specifically the dynamics of personality psychology. Eventually I found the Five Factor Model. Basically, I was wondering if the FFM has shown any trends or correlations within or between the five factors. E.g. Those th... | [
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688lgw | Are ergodic processes always stationary? | If a process is ergodic does that necessarily entail that it cannot change over time?
Asking in relation to Friston's Free Energy framework that assumes living systems are ergodic, but a question has been raised that ergodic processes are necessarily stationary, and living systems are not stationary, so they cannot be... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"dgwoa2g"
],
"text": [
"The problem is that the definition of ergodicity implicitly assumes stationarity. A process is ergodic if its time average converges to its mean. This definition only makes sense if the mean is constant, ie the process is stationary in its first moment.\n\nYou can gener... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Are ergodic processes always stationary?
If a process is ergodic does that necessarily entail that it cannot change over time? Asking in relation to Friston's Free Energy framework that assumes living systems are ergodic, but a question has been raised that ergodic processes are necessarily stationary, and living syste... | [
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wupyl | Could someone explain muscular energy expenditure to a physics student? | Every physics student is warned, when they are young, about the dangers of equivocation--words have technical meanings. For example, if you had to carry a heavy box from place to place, you might say you were "doing work." However, from a physics point of view, you have done no work on the box, because there is no chan... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c5gv13t"
],
"text": [
"> This seems to be a paradox, which we're told is a matter of biology--your muscles require energy to stay in a particular position even if physics doesn't demand any, really. \n\nMechanically, perhaps. Thermodynamically, not so. Life is dependent on the constant cons... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Could someone explain muscular energy expenditure to a physics student?
Every physics student is warned, when they are young, about the dangers of equivocation--words have technical meanings. For example, if you had to carry a heavy box from place to place, you might say you were "doing work." However, from a physics p... | [
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ka2ge | Why does silly putty behave differently when placed under pressure? | For example, it shatters when [struck by a hammer](_URL_2_) or when [dropped from the roof](_URL_1_). What happens on the molecular level that causes an otherwise soft, highly malleable material to become hard and shatter?
As an aside question, from what I can tell, a combination of water and corn starch produces a si... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c2imiks",
"c2imfqp"
],
"text": [
"Silly putty is a fun type of fluid because it's viscosity isn't constant. [Viscosity](_URL_2_) is a property of a fluid that determines how it responds to a stress, basically, how much it will flow if you push on it a bit. [Newtonian fluids](_URL_0_) ha... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=amfjWWMg9c0",
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWYxc8xhihg",
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nbKWnezs4QI"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonian_fluid",
"http://cohengroup.ccmr.cornell.edu/publications.php",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity",
"http://youtu.be/3zoTKXXNQIU"
]
} | Why does silly putty behave differently when placed under pressure?
For example, it shatters when [struck by a hammer](_URL_2_) or when [dropped from the roof](_URL_1_). What happens on the molecular level that causes an otherwise soft, highly malleable material to become hard and shatter? As an aside question, from wh... | [
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riwb3 | I once saw a man with a strange skin condition, looked like thousands of marbles were under his skin. what was it? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c466m71"
],
"text": [
"That sounds like it could be neurofibromatosis. It causes the growth of benign tumors on the body. _URL_0_"
],
"score": [
4
]
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurofibromatosis"
]
} | I once saw a man with a strange skin condition, looked like thousands of marbles were under his skin. what was it?
| [
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2kro30 | What happens with convective currents in a zero G environment? | I just started reading Red Mars today, and the author described spinning a ship at 4 rpm to simulate Mars gravity. I am wondering if heat produced would convect like it does on earth (i.e. rises).
Would a candle burn with a rising flame if it were set in a zero G environment spinning at 4 rpm to simulate gravity? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cloq3dh"
],
"text": [
"Well, a zero g environment and a simulated gravity environment are two different things. [In zero g \\(or microgravity\\), a candle burns with a cool, pale blue, spherical flame.](_URL_0_) That's because what gives a flame its usual shape is the buoyancy of the hot gas... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DKxAs_f1SP8&t=2m0s"
]
} | What happens with convective currents in a zero G environment?
I just started reading Red Mars today, and the author described spinning a ship at 4 rpm to simulate Mars gravity. I am wondering if heat produced would convect like it does on earth (i.e. rises). Would a candle burn with a rising flame if it were set in a ... | [
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tz9zv | What is the difference the bell and the diaphragm in a double sided stethoscope? | I know that the diaphragm is used to detect high frequency sounds and that it amplifies sound waves by having a greater diameter than the tube that it connects to. But I'm at a loss when it comes to the nitty-gritty details of the physics, especially why the bell helps you hear low frequency sounds better than the diap... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c4qzahi"
],
"text": [
"[This guy explains it](_URL_0_).\n\nThe diaphragm filters out some low sounds because of it's tension, but probably give better amplification than a bell as it traps the air. The bell uses the skin as a diaphragm, which might give less amplification, but allows lowers s... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.mypatraining.com/how-a-stethoscope-works"
]
} | What is the difference the bell and the diaphragm in a double sided stethoscope?
I know that the diaphragm is used to detect high frequency sounds and that it amplifies sound waves by having a greater diameter than the tube that it connects to. But I'm at a loss when it comes to the nitty-gritty details of the physics,... | [
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15r7m5 | How deep must a "bottomless" hole be such that the "thud" of someone hitting the bottom is not audible at the surface? | In watching Gandalf battle the Balrog in LOTR:The Two Towers today, I wondered: if a person falls down a "bottomless" pit, how deep must it be so that you can't hear the person hit the bottom?
As far as basic assumptions go: the pit is a circle with a diameter of 10 feet (3.3 m) and its walls are standard "earth" (s... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c7p22u8"
],
"text": [
"\"Soil, clay, and rock\" are not definite enough to plug into a function that could accurately produce an answer. If it was stone I'm sure a mathematician could figure it out on here. Sorry I wasn't more helpful"
],
"score": [
3
]
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | How deep must a "bottomless" hole be such that the "thud" of someone hitting the bottom is not audible at the surface?
In watching Gandalf battle the Balrog in LOTR:The Two Towers today, I wondered: if a person falls down a "bottomless" pit, how deep must it be so that you can't hear the person hit the bottom? As far a... | [
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8sx2vj | Has there been an attempt to create a unifying measuring system? | By measuring system I mean like "metric", "empiral" etc.
And by unifying, I mean where all constants in well known formula (permeability, permittivity of vacuum, etc) resolve down to 1? I've always felt that if you scaled the metric system carefully you could effectively get rid of some, most, or even all constants. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"e13ftl6",
"e13x9ap"
],
"text": [
"[Planck Units](_URL_0_)\n\nIn the Planck units system, quantities are rescaled so that a number of fundamental constants of nature end up as 1. These constants are:\n\n- Speed of light\n\n- Gravitational constant\n\n- reduced Planck constant (Planck const... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_units"
]
} | Has there been an attempt to create a unifying measuring system?
By measuring system I mean like "metric", "empiral" etc. And by unifying, I mean where all constants in well known formula (permeability, permittivity of vacuum, etc) resolve down to 1? I've always felt that if you scaled the metric system carefully you c... | [
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y0rdz | Can anyone identify what this jaw bone belonged to? (album) | Found this bone along a river in Athens, Ohio. Have been wandering what it belongs to ever since.
Here is the link the the album: _URL_0_ | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c5raa6e",
"c5ra7rm"
],
"text": [
"Looks like a deer jawbone, probably from an adult about 5-6 years old by the wear on the premolars. [(Linky)](_URL_0_)",
"After a quick google search [(here)](_URL_1_) I believe it belongs to a deer. A lot less interesting than I was hoping for."
],... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://imgur.com/a/iVNct"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://extension.missouri.edu/explorepdf/agguides/wildlife/g09484.pdf",
"https://www.google.com/search?q=identify+jaw+bones&aq=f&sugexp=chrome,mod%3D11&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=wI4lUOPrHaWp0AHl54DgDA&biw=1245&bih=683&... | Can anyone identify what this jaw bone belonged to? (album)
Found this bone along a river in Athens, Ohio. Have been wandering what it belongs to ever since. Here is the link the the album: _URL_0_ | [
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y5xvw | Need help with identifying jaw bone from former swamp. | Ok so, my friend took her kids to a creek in Rensselaer Indiana. It used to be swampy ground, probably still is in parts. they found two jaw bones that look like this: (_URL_0_) She sent me a pic and I said I'd try to find out what it came from. Apparently it's fairly long, like maybe 8-10 inches? There's only back tee... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c5smkes"
],
"text": [
"It looks like a [deer jaw](_URL_0_) to me."
],
"score": [
3
]
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://i.imgur.com/hPRIz.jpg"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.johnharveyphoto.com/PenderMayDay/DeerJawboneOnBeachHg.jpg"
]
} | Need help with identifying jaw bone from former swamp.
Ok so, my friend took her kids to a creek in Rensselaer Indiana. It used to be swampy ground, probably still is in parts. they found two jaw bones that look like this: (_URL_0_) She sent me a pic and I said I'd try to find out what it came from. Apparently it's fai... | [
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1tq98d | How do certain tissues (cornea) confer transparency? | I'm assuming that the reason why SiO2 is opaque in certain conditions and quartz (SiO2) is transparent is due the to the crystal lattice and light scattering.
But what about the cornea and organisms such as the jellyfish? Is it a lattice structure of the cells which confer transparency or is it something else? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"ceak9fo"
],
"text": [
"The cornea is transparent because of the orientation of the collagen making it up. All the fibers are aligned to allow light to pass through. It is the same reason behind the opacity/translucency of other objects."
],
"score": [
2
]
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | How do certain tissues (cornea) confer transparency?
I'm assuming that the reason why SiO2 is opaque in certain conditions and quartz (SiO2) is transparent is due the to the crystal lattice and light scattering. But what about the cornea and organisms such as the jellyfish? Is it a lattice structure of the cells which ... | [
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10p6hk | What (if anything) happens to our brains when we're "in the zone"? | I think the phrase means different things to different people. I'm thinking of that situation when there is a lot of chaotic activity and you just seem to have an almost preternatural awareness of what's going on around you. In a command & control situation, you're keeping track of various systems, status, relationsh... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c6ffbph"
],
"text": [
"I'm not sure if it's the right thing you're talking about but you may be interested to read about [\"Flow\"](_URL_0_) by Mihály Csíkszentmihályi"
],
"score": [
3
]
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_\\(psychology\\)"
]
} | What (if anything) happens to our brains when we're "in the zone"?
I think the phrase means different things to different people. I'm thinking of that situation when there is a lot of chaotic activity and you just seem to have an almost preternatural awareness of what's going on around you. In a command & control situa... | [
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3zvndx | Can someone answer an astrophysics question for my uncle? | "Astrophysics question: If a planet was positionally locked with a "moon" almost as big as itself and the two rotated around a point in space between the two (a barycenter), what would the resulting effect be on the course of the Sun's arc across the sky if you were observing it from the surface of either? Pluto & Ch... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cypmcy2",
"cypbvzq"
],
"text": [
"The effect on the Sun's path across the sky would be pretty much negligible.\n\nWhat you're describing would be a double planet (and the Pluto-Charon system isn't one only because Pluto isn't a planet). In the details, the barycenter will be orbiting the ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://courses.candelalearning.com/colphysics/wp-content/uploads/sites/222/2014/12/Figure_07_05_04a.jpg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede_\\(moon\\)#Magnetosphere",
"http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/files/2008/09/moonorbitdiagram.jpg"
]
} | Can someone answer an astrophysics question for my uncle?
"Astrophysics question: If a planet was positionally locked with a "moon" almost as big as itself and the two rotated around a point in space between the two (a barycenter), what would the resulting effect be on the course of the Sun's arc across the sky if you ... | [
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ljo89 | Does mechanical energy depend on frame of reference? | There are only two objects in a universe. These objects are far enough apart that gravitational interactions are negligible. Object A has mass 1 kg and object B has mass 2 kg. They are getting closer to each other. From the reference frame of A, the total mechanical energy in the universe would be due to object B's... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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],
"text": [
"The law of conservation of energy tells you about the evolution of energy with time. It says that the energy variation is totally due to the energy getting in or out of the system. It doesn't say anything about the energy in different frames.",
"Energ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Does mechanical energy depend on frame of reference?
There are only two objects in a universe. These objects are far enough apart that gravitational interactions are negligible. Object A has mass 1 kg and object B has mass 2 kg. They are getting closer to each other. From the reference frame of A, the total mechanical ... | [
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18yzrh | Is there a study that supports that people will act how they are expected to act? | If so, where can I find it?
I'm sorry if this is the wrong place to post this. I wasn't sure where else this question would go. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c8jfs5c"
],
"text": [
"The [Stanford Prison Experiment](_URL_0_) shows something similar, if not the same."
],
"score": [
2
]
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_prison_experiment"
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} | Is there a study that supports that people will act how they are expected to act?
If so, where can I find it? I'm sorry if this is the wrong place to post this. I wasn't sure where else this question would go. | [
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74gao5 | Why is Xenon banned in sport? | Recently I saw an article dating 2014 saying that WADA had banned the use of Xenon and Argon then I saw a 2017 article saying there's still no test for either of them from what I've read athletes, mainly long distance runners and cyclists inhale the gas and it enhances their performance but how? My understanding is tha... | askscience | {
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"Xenon increases Erythropoietin (EPO) levels which promotes the formation of red blood cells by the bone marrow. There is some anecdotal evidence that some top tier athletes were using it to increase testosterone production as well. \n\n[EPO... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40279-016-0505-1"
]
} | Why is Xenon banned in sport?
Recently I saw an article dating 2014 saying that WADA had banned the use of Xenon and Argon then I saw a 2017 article saying there's still no test for either of them from what I've read athletes, mainly long distance runners and cyclists inhale the gas and it enhances their performance bu... | [
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yk1jk | How credible is the "Del pain scale" if at all | Talk on facebook (which makes me doubt it's validity) is that there's some sort of pain scale, measured in the unit "del". Is it a valid scale for measuring pain? I would think that pain is really hard to measure, if at all possible. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"It is 100% chain letter bullshit that was made up to make people believe that getting kicked in the nuts is more painful than childbirth.\n\nDo i have a source? No. But I can't be expected to prove a negative; however, I can assert that there is no scientific paper in e... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | How credible is the "Del pain scale" if at all
Talk on facebook (which makes me doubt it's validity) is that there's some sort of pain scale, measured in the unit "del". Is it a valid scale for measuring pain? I would think that pain is really hard to measure, if at all possible. | [
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mgiyb | How do scientist meassure Earth's temperture average? | They just dont look at the temperatures every day for all cities and then they just take the average. Do they?
This is the only bit on Climate Science that feels like "You just have to trust us on this value". I have to know this so I can understand and defend that climate change is happening | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"To determine average temperatures, geologists and climatologists measure the average sea-surface temperatures and average atmospheric temperatures. (I think NASA has satellites pointed at the earth that measure temperatures.)\n\nSince you're interested i... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.aip.org/history/climate/cycles.htm",
"http://www.aip.org/history/climate/20ctrend.htm",
"http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/ezra-klein/post/a-skeptical-physicist-ends-up-confirming-climate-data/2011/10/20/gIQA6viC1L_blog.html"
]
} | How do scientist meassure Earth's temperture average?
They just dont look at the temperatures every day for all cities and then they just take the average. Do they? This is the only bit on Climate Science that feels like "You just have to trust us on this value". I have to know this so I can understand and defend that ... | [
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nif4i | Are there astrological effects on brain chemistry? | My question is, is that is there a possibility that the gravity of the sun or moon could affect regulation of Neurotransmitters or something that causes behavioral change? I was thinking about pagan rituals seemingly revolving around astronomy and thought that maybe, for instance, if someone saw a vision during a certa... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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],
"text": [
"The gravitational pull of the sun and moon is less than the change you get from the Earth's gravitational pull by standing on a chair. In other words: No, there's no reason at all to think that has any importance whatsoever to chemistry.",
... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Are there astrological effects on brain chemistry?
My question is, is that is there a possibility that the gravity of the sun or moon could affect regulation of Neurotransmitters or something that causes behavioral change? I was thinking about pagan rituals seemingly revolving around astronomy and thought that maybe, f... | [
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t2uf7 | Question on Fact and Theory | askscience | {
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"text": [
"Have you considered leaving it alone?\n\nShe has already made up her mind and has selected to believe that a supernatural being that is not amenable to any form of objective observation creating all life from nothing fits the... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://youarenotsosmart.com/2011/06/10/the-backfire-effect/",
"http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/theory?s=t"
]
} | Question on Fact and Theory
| [
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51qchx | Can someone explain what's exactly going on in yesterday's Astronomy Picture of the Day? | This is the picture that I mean: _URL_0_
Apparently, there was a solar eclipse on 1st September and it is a time lapse shot of the same. However I don't quite understand how this time lapse shot worked.
My doubts:
1. Is that the sun we're seeing in different phases? It looks like the moon to me! Why does it look li... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"d7f2u6l",
"d7f3a6u"
],
"text": [
"1. Yes, it is the sun. It \"looks like the moon\" because the sun is VERY bright and these photos were shot with VERY dark filters which allow the camera to actually capture the detail of the sun and not a big bright orb as you are used to seeing in pho... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap160907.html"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | Can someone explain what's exactly going on in yesterday's Astronomy Picture of the Day?
This is the picture that I mean: _URL_0_ Apparently, there was a solar eclipse on 1st September and it is a time lapse shot of the same. However I don't quite understand how this time lapse shot worked. My doubts: 1. Is that the su... | [
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1g64bg | What is the probability of drawing any given color M & M out of a bag? | Consider a typical middle school math problem. You open a bag of M & Ms into a bowl and count how many of each color there are. There are 10 red, 8 orange, 12 yellow, 8 green, 6 blue, and 6 brown M & Ms. 50 M & Ms in all, so the probability of each color is the number of that color M & M divided by 50:
* Red: 10/50, o... | askscience | {
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"You have hit upon the snag. Probability distributions are generally not given canonically by the universe for us to investigate (unless you're in quantum physics). The probability for some event depends on the ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | What is the probability of drawing any given color M & M out of a bag?
Consider a typical middle school math problem. You open a bag of M & Ms into a bowl and count how many of each color there are. There are 10 red, 8 orange, 12 yellow, 8 green, 6 blue, and 6 brown M & Ms. 50 M & Ms in all, so the probability of each ... | [
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jenh1 | Questions about the first episode of "Curiosity" with Steven Hawking. | Hello everyone!
I had a few questions about some of the subject matter in the show and they're pretty specific so a google search didn't really help much.
At some point in the show the narrator brings up the point that, at least at the sub-atomic level, it's possible for particles to simply spring into existence for... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"> The first question I have is what exactly is meant by particles \"appearing\" from nothing. \n\nParticles are states of a field; there's one field for each type of particle. It's possible for a field to jump from its ground state (no particles present ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Questions about the first episode of "Curiosity" with Steven Hawking.
Hello everyone! I had a few questions about some of the subject matter in the show and they're pretty specific so a google search didn't really help much. At some point in the show the narrator brings up the point that, at least at the sub-atomic lev... | [
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1xfvqs | Is it (from a psychological perspective) more fulfilling to be 3rd place than 2nd place? | In the light of the ongoing Olympic winter games I'm wondering whether or not there are any studies that measured the content of people after an event (immediately and maybe after a while) to see how happy they are with their achievement. Are 3rd place winners (because they just made it) generally more happy with their... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cfbazwc"
],
"text": [
"The construct of interest here is something called [counterfactual thinking](_URL_1_)--that is, thinking about what \"might have been.\" When we get closer to what might have been, it's easier to imagine it. One well-known examples that exists within the literature is... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7473022",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2408534/"
]
} | Is it (from a psychological perspective) more fulfilling to be 3rd place than 2nd place?
In the light of the ongoing Olympic winter games I'm wondering whether or not there are any studies that measured the content of people after an event (immediately and maybe after a while) to see how happy they are with their achie... | [
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2durck | Gravity battery - too good to be true, right? | I saw [this picture](_URL_0_) on Facebook and my assumption about these things is that they really don't work efficiently enough to be worth investing in. Thoughts?
Source: _URL_1_ | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"It's not a ludicrous concept; using gravity to store excess electricity is already used in [pumped storage hydroelectricity](_URL_0_). So the question is, what advantages does this have over the established technology? To store a lot of energy the weights... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://gravitybattery.info/images/gravitybattery.png",
"http://gravitybattery.info/"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumped-storage_hydroelectricity"
]
} | Gravity battery - too good to be true, right?
I saw [this picture](_URL_0_) on Facebook and my assumption about these things is that they really don't work efficiently enough to be worth investing in. Thoughts? Source: _URL_1_ | [
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4rcdhe | Whats a basic definition of a "world line", and how does an ergosphere effect it? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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],
"text": [
"I can't think of a more basic one than that given on the [wikipedia page](_URL_0_)\n\n > The world line (or worldline) of an object is the path of that object in 4-dimensional spacetime, tracing the history of its location in space at each instant in time. \n\nAn ergosp... | {
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"url": []
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"url": [
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} | Whats a basic definition of a "world line", and how does an ergosphere effect it?
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ms4ti | Why isn't forced copulation the norm in the Animal Kingdom? | Wikipedia has a brief section on it, citing several examples of forced copulation but it appears from there that it is not the norm across the Animal kingdom. This seems puzzling to me since it would seem to carry a massive evolutionary benefit to those males who could copulate with females regardless of cooperation.
... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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],
"text": [
"Females evolving methods to prevent forced copulation is part of the story - there is strong selection on males to mate with as many females as possible (whether or not the female wants to cooperate), but there is also strong selection on f... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Why isn't forced copulation the norm in the Animal Kingdom?
Wikipedia has a brief section on it, citing several examples of forced copulation but it appears from there that it is not the norm across the Animal kingdom. This seems puzzling to me since it would seem to carry a massive evolutionary benefit to those males ... | [
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19gwq6 | What's up with this apple? | My friends apple looked like this after he opened it, can anyone tell me what this is? _URL_0_ | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c8nycpc"
],
"text": [
"It's just rotten on the inside, likely due to some parasite/pathogen... It's probably impossible to tell the exact cause just from that picture.\n\nThen again, I'm not an apple expert."
],
"score": [
4
]
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://i.imgur.com/jmhtmXQ.jpg"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | What's up with this apple?
My friends apple looked like this after he opened it, can anyone tell me what this is? _URL_0_ | [
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1kybo0 | Antarctic Research - I was looking at a map of US research stations and had questions about placement. | Maybe this isn't a terribly interesting question, but I'm curious so here it goes. [In this map](_URL_0_) of US Antartic Research Sites and Stations, it was interesting to me that most sites were focused on the eastern (?) side of the continent, with very little being done on the other side. Is there any specific reaso... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cbtyb8s",
"cbtv411"
],
"text": [
"I spent some time at McMurdo. Part of the reason that we use that area today is heritage. It was first chosen not for science purpose, but pure exploration. It is the furthest south you can go on the water, and hence provides the closest access to get ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USAP_field_research_sites_and_vessel_research.jpg",
"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Antarctica_Station_Map.gif"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | Antarctic Research - I was looking at a map of US research stations and had questions about placement.
Maybe this isn't a terribly interesting question, but I'm curious so here it goes. [In this map](_URL_0_) of US Antartic Research Sites and Stations, it was interesting to me that most sites were focused on the easter... | [
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0.014821071177721024,
-0.5906949043273926,
0.16542744636535645,
0.2147640883922577,
0.5003418922424316,
-0.10407274216413498,
-0.08207528293132782,
0.848749279975891... |
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