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1bizkp | Why don't hairballs (trichobezoars) pass through the gastro-intestinal system when they're small? And why aren't they digestible? | askscience | {
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xk9sb | [Weekly Discussion Thread] Scientists, what would you do to change the way science was done? | This is the eleventh installment of the weekly discussion thread and this weeks topic comes to us from the suggestion thread (linked below).
Topic: What is one thing you would change about the way science is done (wherever it is that you are)?
Here is last weeks thread: _URL_1_
Here is the suggestion thread: _URL_0_... | askscience | {
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"I would decreas... | {
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"url": [
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} | [Weekly Discussion Thread] Scientists, what would you do to change the way science was done?
This is the eleventh installment of the weekly discussion thread and this weeks topic comes to us from the suggestion thread (linked below). Topic: What is one thing you would change about the way science is done (wherever it i... | [
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rbxb1 | Can someone with a neuro-biology background tell me if this research is bunk or not? | My question is about this link:
_URL_1_
The link is an analysis of this paper:
_URL_0_
What I was curious about is the comparison he makes between these apparant 'fractal' levels in a brain exposed to psilocybin and those states observed in a person experianced in meditation.
If you think this is more than quackines... | askscience | {
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"The Carhart-Harris research paper looks perfectly legit.\n\nThe interspersed commentary by Stuart Hameroff (great Scott! is he still at it?) is pure speculative fantasy.",
"The only way someone can tell you if the research is legit or not is if they t... | {
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"http://www.quantumconsciousness.org/upsidedown.htm"
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} | Can someone with a neuro-biology background tell me if this research is bunk or not?
My question is about this link: _URL_1_ The link is an analysis of this paper: _URL_0_ What I was curious about is the comparison he makes between these apparant 'fractal' levels in a brain exposed to psilocybin and those states observ... | [
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1t1983 | Why is the heart off-center? | Why is the heart off-center? And a potential follow up would be why it is the anatomical right side? | askscience | {
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"While it is true that the heart is more or less [midline in the chest](_URL_4_) but has more mass on the left side of the chest, the explanation that this is due to the left heart's increased load (pumping to systemic circulation) is incomplete and misleading. \n\nThou... | {
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"http://www.medical-artist.com/assets/images/Thoracic-Surface-Anatomy.jpg",
"http://bio... | Why is the heart off-center?
Why is the heart off-center? And a potential follow up would be why it is the anatomical right side? | [
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1lpzo4 | Why is WMAP drawn as an ellipsoid instead of a sphere? | askscience | {
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"As you probably presume, the data is a sphere, and the 'camera' is in the middle of that sphere. However, you can't just print that on a page, much like you can't print a spherical globe on a page. You need a way to flatten it so as it can be printable ... | {
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} | Why is WMAP drawn as an ellipsoid instead of a sphere?
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wzt11 | Is it possible to kill yourself with an AED? | I was watching Breaking Bad, and someone just killed themselves with an AED by stripping off one of the heart pads and putting it in their mouth, with the other on his heart (and then shocking). Is this possible? | askscience | {
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"Possible but unlikely. The AED is designed to only deliver a shock when it detects a shockable rhythm. If it did deliver a shock when no shockable rhythm was detected, it would need to deliver that shock at the right time during the cardiac cycle.\n\nExternal ventricu... | {
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} | Is it possible to kill yourself with an AED?
I was watching Breaking Bad, and someone just killed themselves with an AED by stripping off one of the heart pads and putting it in their mouth, with the other on his heart (and then shocking). Is this possible? | [
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1lej7n | Is there such a thing as a primarily backscattering material? | Hi everyone,
This is based on a discussion I was having in response to [another thread](_URL_0_). In it I made an off-hand reference to a material which is primarily backscattering as a thought experiment. I got asked if I could come up with any real-world examples, and realized that not only could I not think of an... | askscience | {
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"I'm interpreting \"primarily\" as \"most photons are scattered rather than absorbed\", since any non... | {
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} | Is there such a thing as a primarily backscattering material?
Hi everyone, This is based on a discussion I was having in response to [another thread](_URL_0_). In it I made an off-hand reference to a material which is primarily backscattering as a thought experiment. I got asked if I could come up with any real-world e... | [
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kcbxx | Shadow Sharpness/Definition - Depth Of Field | hey everyone, I had observed a shadow cast from my leg in the early afternoon from the sun and noticed for the first time that the clarity or sharpness of the shadow was GREATER closer to the foot (sharp edge) than it was far less so up towards my knee (blurry/undefined edge).
Photo - _URL_0_
Can anyone explain this?... | askscience | {
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"Because the sun is not a point source of light you can find places where the sun is only partially occluded, and therefore the edges of shadows will be blurry.\n\nWith this in mind it turns out that the sharpness of the edge has to do with ... | {
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]
} | Shadow Sharpness/Definition - Depth Of Field
hey everyone, I had observed a shadow cast from my leg in the early afternoon from the sun and noticed for the first time that the clarity or sharpness of the shadow was GREATER closer to the foot (sharp edge) than it was far less so up towards my knee (blurry/undefined edge... | [
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j6vzc | How can I prep myself for a lab position, given little experience? | askscience | {
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"Good fucking luck. Seriously - you're going to be in over your head for a while. Start small and work your way up consistently and you might come out of this with some good experience. Watching a video is not the same as actually doing something. \n\nEquipment isn'... | {
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} | How can I prep myself for a lab position, given little experience?
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1qguqp | What is the deal with dx? | So, I'm an engineering student in my second year so I've read calculus I but dx is really confusing me sometimes.
Does anyone feel tempted to try to explain what dx really is? I mean, sometimes it can be used as a number and sometimes it's used as dx/dy)
I'm sorry if my question is kind of... stupid or obvious but ... | askscience | {
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"I consider every answer that has been posted up to this point to be either incomplete or just wrong. It is a fairly advanced subject, though, so I'll do my best to keep it at a low level.\n\nThe basic idea of calculus is linear approximatio... | {
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"url": [
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} | What is the deal with dx?
So, I'm an engineering student in my second year so I've read calculus I but dx is really confusing me sometimes. Does anyone feel tempted to try to explain what dx really is? I mean, sometimes it can be used as a number and sometimes it's used as dx/dy) I'm sorry if my question is kind of... ... | [
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vmsit | By what metric is the human mind so complex? | I've heard it said many times that the human brain is the most complex object in the know universe. For example, I listened to David Christian's Big History course, and he spent considerable time quantifying the brain's complexity.
But now I can't remember (or find) the relevant units for measuring this complexity. It... | askscience | {
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"When claims about the complexity of the brain are made, they often refer to the astounding number and intricacy of connections between neurons.\n\nOne estimate puts the number of neurons in a human brain at 100 billion (10^11) [[ref](_URL_0_)]. Compare that to the measl... | {
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]
} | By what metric is the human mind so complex?
I've heard it said many times that the human brain is the most complex object in the know universe. For example, I listened to David Christian's Big History course, and he spent considerable time quantifying the brain's complexity. But now I can't remember (or find) the rele... | [
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6nx76s | How does the silicone lottery work? | askscience | {
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} | How does the silicone lottery work?
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kbgxi | Placing a bar on the north-pole - Walking in one direction | Consider the following (of course completely insane) setup:
Our position would be at the exact geographical north-pole. There we place a very long bar (lets say the aperture of the earth) that has 0 flexibility, so its tangential to the north pole. Now we climb on this bar and start walking in one direction.
Two que... | askscience | {
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"As one walks the local gravitational sense of down will gradually shift backward, so that it would be like ascending an ever-steepening ramp. It would never quite reach true vertical. On the other hand, as one walked further out, the force due to the eart... | {
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} | Placing a bar on the north-pole - Walking in one direction
Consider the following (of course completely insane) setup: Our position would be at the exact geographical north-pole. There we place a very long bar (lets say the aperture of the earth) that has 0 flexibility, so its tangential to the north pole. Now we climb... | [
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1gakhn | Does a material that is totally anti-adherent exist? | This came to my mind after seeing that it was impossible to use all the water on a bottle, and i wonder if the bottle was made with a material like this would it be possible to squezze every single drop out of the bottle? | askscience | {
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"That depends on the material which you are trying to remove from the bottle.\nIn the case of water, you are looking for a material which is hydrophobic. Hydrophobic materials are generally made from non-polar molecules so that dipole interactions with water are limited,... | {
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} | Does a material that is totally anti-adherent exist?
This came to my mind after seeing that it was impossible to use all the water on a bottle, and i wonder if the bottle was made with a material like this would it be possible to squezze every single drop out of the bottle? | [
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124s1w | What recent findings in your field will be thought to undergrads in a couple of decades? | askscience | {
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175nmw | Why does my computer case measure 77 volts AC vs. the neutral hole (and negligible voltage vs. earth ground hole). | askscience | {
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"It could be a bad power supply, but it could also be a miswired house.\n\nYou should first verify that you have a true earth ground - don't trust the plumbing unless you're *sure* there's an uninterrupted copper pipe going down into the soil. Also, don't trust the outl... | {
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} | Why does my computer case measure 77 volts AC vs. the neutral hole (and negligible voltage vs. earth ground hole).
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7gfvmo | What is the purpose of a seperatory funnel shaped like this? | [deleted] | askscience | {
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"text": [
"Its for storing gasses or any substances with an accessible gas phase. Using Schlenk apparatus you apply vacuum to this vessel, then shut the line off to vacuum entirely and connect this to whatever you other flask is. Open the taps between them and immer... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | What is the purpose of a seperatory funnel shaped like this?
[deleted] | [
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nnfyk | Is Data Science a Science? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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],
"text": [
"My glib answer is, sure, why not? Tradition and nomenclature aside, if you're creating and testing hypotheses in an attempt to uncover basic truths about the universe, then you're doing science.",
"I'm not sure exactly what you mean by \"data science... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Is Data Science a Science?
| [
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cfn0vh | Why is it so hard to recycle? Not sure what flair to choose, but engineering would also apply I guess. | [deleted] | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"euem1gz",
"eujho8l"
],
"text": [
"about glass:\n\nGlass (bottles, etc.) is already heavily recycled (80%+). I am not sure where you are from but recycling old glass is very cost efficient as it melts at lower temperatures compared to new glass. Putting glass into road (why that?) or even... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://canada.constructconnect.com/joc/news/infrastructure/2018/06/canadas-dinosaur-roadbuilders-giving-short-shift-plastics"
]
} | Why is it so hard to recycle? Not sure what flair to choose, but engineering would also apply I guess.
[deleted] | [
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1c4sls | Geologists of /r/askcience, what is this weird rock my friend and I found? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c9d0kyx",
"c9d0jkd"
],
"text": [
"It's a [concretion](_URL_0_) with an iron oxide as the cementing material. Concretions are pretty cool!\n\nEdit: check out /u/MrBirdBear 's comments below for more information on concretions.",
"I'd first try to determine the Mohs hardness of the rock... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concretion"
]
} | Geologists of /r/askcience, what is this weird rock my friend and I found?
| [
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we91a | Are there underdeveloped areas in science? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c5cmksy"
],
"text": [
"In a certain sense, all areas of science are underdeveloped. There are fundamental questions whose answers we don't know even in the more popular fields of physics and biology. And within those fields there are subfields that don't get much funding."
],
"score": [
... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Are there underdeveloped areas in science?
| [
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4x4cfd | Are there any Miller-Urey-type experiments that are currently running continuously? | Hello, I have always been fascinated by experiments simulating the early times on Earth trying to answer the question of how life first arose. I was wondering if any of you know about Miller-Urey-type experiments that focus on running the experiment continuously and analysing the chemical composition at time intervals ... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"d6dkwht"
],
"text": [
"It's most certainly being done, you can try to contact some people like the Ott lab in Germany:\n_URL_0_\n\nOr Eric Parker: _URL_1_."
],
"score": [
3
]
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.uni-saarland.de/en/lehrstuhl/prof-dr-albrecht-ott/research/originoflife.html",
"https://www.linkedin.com/in/eric-parker-31483932"
]
} | Are there any Miller-Urey-type experiments that are currently running continuously?
Hello, I have always been fascinated by experiments simulating the early times on Earth trying to answer the question of how life first arose. I was wondering if any of you know about Miller-Urey-type experiments that focus on running t... | [
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j2nba | Would anybody be interested in a subreddit to help researchers find relevant literature? | Today I stumbled across a Masters thesis from a guy studying the foraging patterns of rats. He had lab rats in a circular arena in the dark and studied their movement, modelling it using diffusive-type mathematics. My research involves confining colloidal particles inside a ring of optically trapped colloidal particles... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c28mwl6",
"c28mq6j"
],
"text": [
"I think it would be tough to get this to work well. Most people are so specialized that no one will have any input on each others posts. This is why I think _URL_0_ didn't take off.\n\nedit: not that I don't think you should try. I would probably post ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/scientific"
]
} | Would anybody be interested in a subreddit to help researchers find relevant literature?
Today I stumbled across a Masters thesis from a guy studying the foraging patterns of rats. He had lab rats in a circular arena in the dark and studied their movement, modelling it using diffusive-type mathematics. My research invo... | [
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1b65ck | What causes these purple line in pictures of M42? (pictures in comment) | A while ago i was shooting M42 (got a new mount :-D) and a certain feature attracted my attention. As you can see in my picture (_URL_2_) there is a prominent purple line a bit left from the core. The one that "divides" the blue core and purple "wing".
At first i thought that was an error through the chromatic abberat... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c93yb9g",
"c97zpol"
],
"text": [
"Before one of our resident astronomers comes in for a more detailed answer, the wiki will give you a very good grounding and might spark some further questions. _URL_3_\n\nBasically, the blue/purple colour itself is generated by the O class stars in the c... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://i.imgur.com/yPPJV.jpg",
"http://i.imgur.com/rHSUy.jpg",
"http://i.imgur.com/2oB7W9l.jpg",
"http://i.imgur.com/y2p1V.jpg",
"http://i.imgur.com/DFvT3.jpg",
"http://i.imgur.com/ZMCmLzH.jpg"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_cloud",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H_II_region",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflection_nebula",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orion_Nebula"
]
} | What causes these purple line in pictures of M42? (pictures in comment)
A while ago i was shooting M42 (got a new mount :-D) and a certain feature attracted my attention. As you can see in my picture (_URL_2_) there is a prominent purple line a bit left from the core. The one that "divides" the blue core and purple "wi... | [
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9hnu46 | In common chimpanzee societies, how do infants/juveniles differ in terms of food access during development? | I'm probably making many assumptions that show a general lack of understanding of chimpanzee behavior, and I apologize for that. Hopefully someone will still try to provide an explanation and show errors in my thinking.
So my questions are:
Do most infants have access to a similar amount of food? Is there a ranking s... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"e6ea9v4"
],
"text": [
"Infants in chimp society are treated much the same way children are in human society - they get special treatment. Adult chimps make an effort to play with them and are often happy to give them some of their own food (or rather let them take it).\n\nChimps have a hiera... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | In common chimpanzee societies, how do infants/juveniles differ in terms of food access during development?
I'm probably making many assumptions that show a general lack of understanding of chimpanzee behavior, and I apologize for that. Hopefully someone will still try to provide an explanation and show errors in my th... | [
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1b3ler | Heparin vs Dalteparin, why would you use one over the other? If the effects of dalteparin are more predictable why continue to use heparin? | I am little confused. I somewhat understand that their are difference in molecular weights, however from what I have read it appears the the effects of dalteparin are more predictable. Why continue to use of drugs such as heparin with less predictable effects over Dalteparin? I think im missing something | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c93ekb2"
],
"text": [
"A couple physiologic reasons to use heparin, even when low-molecular weight heparin derivatives like dalteparin or enoxaprin are available: \n\n1) Heparin has a half life of about 1-2 hours, whereas the LMWHs generally have half lives of about twice this. If you have a... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Heparin vs Dalteparin, why would you use one over the other? If the effects of dalteparin are more predictable why continue to use heparin?
I am little confused. I somewhat understand that their are difference in molecular weights, however from what I have read it appears the the effects of dalteparin are more predicta... | [
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11fjcs | Why are stimulants bad for your circulatory system, but aerobic exercise is good for it? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c6m3bfw",
"c6m3gag",
"c6m40zn"
],
"text": [
"[Long term, coffee drinking is probably good for you.](_URL_0_) The real problem with abusing stimulants is that it's so easy for one to put their circulatory system under more strain than it has been conditioned to handle. [Similar strain ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/340733/title/Coffee_gives_jolt_to_life_span",
"http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/2012/06/04/ultra-marathons-might-be-ultra-bad-for-your-heart/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/105vn6/if_both_exercise_and_caffeine_increase_... | Why are stimulants bad for your circulatory system, but aerobic exercise is good for it?
| [
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9miria | Does anyone know what the lines on this measuring cylinder represent? (Or rather their values) | My father found this odd measuring culling with values that he couldn’t recognize the significance of, they are close to fluid ounces, but not exact, as would be expected on a measuring cylinder?[Measuring Cylinder](_URL_0_) | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"e7eygwt"
],
"text": [
"They could have originally been used in a specific reaction (ordered for that specific reason) and that happened to be the exact amount of a liquid or solvent that was commonly added.\n\nWhen it comes to doing a routine addition, spending a couple extra bucks on a dedi... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://imgur.com/9lJuFcR"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | Does anyone know what the lines on this measuring cylinder represent? (Or rather their values)
My father found this odd measuring culling with values that he couldn’t recognize the significance of, they are close to fluid ounces, but not exact, as would be expected on a measuring cylinder?[Measuring Cylinder](_URL_0_) | [
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1iltw4 | Thinking about the recent pitch drop, would other materials like wood or iron "drip", given the time? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cb5vw2u",
"cb5rvmb",
"cb5tyw2",
"cb5tlso",
"cb5wlyn"
],
"text": [
"Yes; this is called [creep](_URL_0_). At all nonzero temperatures, there's a nonzero probability of atomic bonds breaking, regardless of their strength, and therefore there's a nonzero rate of viscous flow unde... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creep_%28deformation%29",
"http://thayer.dartmouth.edu/defmech/Chapter_19.htm",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_far_future"
]
} | Thinking about the recent pitch drop, would other materials like wood or iron "drip", given the time?
| [
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10gis7 | Is it possible to extract information from tidal forces on subatomic particles | In terms of pure science (i.e. ignore practical impossibilities in measurement and construction), could one take three objects and knowing the mass and location of objects 1 and 2, determine the mass and location of object 3 solely by determining the relative gravitational effect on objects 1 and 2? I think yes - plea... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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],
"text": [
"There are four fundamental forces: strong and weak nuclear, EM, and gravity. Gravity is by far the weakest, orders of magnitude smaller than the other forces.\n\nFurther, gravitational force depends on the mass of the two objects the force is between and their distance.... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Is it possible to extract information from tidal forces on subatomic particles
In terms of pure science (i.e. ignore practical impossibilities in measurement and construction), could one take three objects and knowing the mass and location of objects 1 and 2, determine the mass and location of object 3 solely by determ... | [
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qa54s | What research is out there on biofeedback therapies? | It seems to be prescribed for a variety of therapeutic treatments like anxiety, depression, etc. Are there studies supporting its efficacy?
How correlated *are* the various measurements to emotional states? Is the sensitivity of some little finger clamps attached to a PC sufficient to make accurate measurements that c... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c3w1caw"
],
"text": [
"To answer your first question. There are some studies, but no where even close enough for it to be considered an evidence-based treatment.\n\nTo answer your second question: Not very. With panic attacks? Hell yes. With depression, no."
],
"score": [
2
]
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | What research is out there on biofeedback therapies?
It seems to be prescribed for a variety of therapeutic treatments like anxiety, depression, etc. Are there studies supporting its efficacy? How correlated *are* the various measurements to emotional states? Is the sensitivity of some little finger clamps attached to ... | [
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1k9a4g | How far away from each other are 2 bits on a wire? | Maybe it's not as simple as I've put, but I'm looking for the distance between 2 consecutive bits on a wire. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cbmta6g",
"cbmo2ya",
"cbmympm"
],
"text": [
"As the others have said, it depends on the bit rate. But there is an interesting consequence to all this in regards to high energy physics experiments, such as ATLAS or CMS at the LHC:\n\nCollisions happen every 25 ns in the LHC, which giv... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://books.google.com/books?id=OLUvSNeV1XoC&pg=PA79&lpg=PA79&dq=CMS+counting+room&source=bl&ots=0fMtrV3UB_&sig=G9VEAGDQf3k0alJPmMHez91jMxo&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ujMKUpqmGMrayAHS24DQDA&ved=0CHcQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=CMS%20counting%20room&f=false"
]
} | How far away from each other are 2 bits on a wire?
Maybe it's not as simple as I've put, but I'm looking for the distance between 2 consecutive bits on a wire. | [
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1g7b8h | Using all available resources (man power and materials), how could the castaways patch up the ship and escape Gilligan's Island? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cahgkut"
],
"text": [
"I've given this much thought as well and I've come to the conclusion that they did not have access to the materials necessary to repair the badly damaged hull. I feel they would have had the best results by selecting two of the largest trees within proximity of the lago... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Using all available resources (man power and materials), how could the castaways patch up the ship and escape Gilligan's Island?
| [
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ke49d | Amplitude coherence | I asked a few days back about coherence and was told it is a phase phenomenon which makes it amplitude independent. I am not so sure.
Could someone tell me if amplitude coherence exists? basically is there a parameter that can tell me if there is a relation between the amplitude of two signals? Such a parameter would ... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c2jjafo",
"c2jmxvr"
],
"text": [
"Not sure what the question is asking.\n\nIf you're asking about *interference* between 2 signals, that is a function of phase, although the higher-amplitude signal will \"influence\" the resultant phase more. For example, if you add two signals that are 9... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Amplitude coherence
I asked a few days back about coherence and was told it is a phase phenomenon which makes it amplitude independent. I am not so sure. Could someone tell me if amplitude coherence exists? basically is there a parameter that can tell me if there is a relation between the amplitude of two signals? Such... | [
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xyi1c | This is for you math lovers. If curiosity was
connected to the earth by an extension cord how
long would it take for the earth to "reel in" curiosity
due to the earth's rotation | we'll say the planets stopped orbiting the sun for no reason at 54.6 million km from each other, and curiosity, it's cord and it's anchor are indestructible | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c5qp1u6",
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],
"text": [
"Earth's circumference is about 37,700km, ballpark figure. Your number divided by mine is about 1450 rotations. So 4 years.",
"Assuming I understand your question correctly, it's [1362.44 days](_URL_0_)."
],
"score": [
6,
4
]
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=54.6+million+km+%2F+circumference+of+earth"
]
} | This is for you math lovers. If curiosity was connected to the earth by an extension cord how long would it take for the earth to "reel in" curiosity due to the earth's rotation
we'll say the planets stopped orbiting the sun for no reason at 54.6 million km from each other, and curiosity, it's cord and it's anchor are ... | [
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4tx4vq | What properties of different materials make them adept at being exo or endothermic? | I was thinking about this for quite a bit recently. For example, what about the coolant in a car makes it good at being a good or what makes water a good insulator? | askscience | {
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I was thinking about this for quite a bit recently. For example, what about the coolant in a car makes it good at being a good or what makes water a good insulator? | [
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34uc8i | For anything to be detected, does it have to absorb or emit energy of some sort? | I'm asking because I just came to the realization, that if this is the case (which I think it is), it collapses the whole concept of strong numerical and qualatitive identity in philosophy. Or am I high? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"Detection require interaction yes. When you say \"absorb or emit energy\" that is not well defined without some more explanation of what you mean, energy isn't a particle/field to be interacted with it is just a property held by fields."
],
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4
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} | {
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} | For anything to be detected, does it have to absorb or emit energy of some sort?
I'm asking because I just came to the realization, that if this is the case (which I think it is), it collapses the whole concept of strong numerical and qualatitive identity in philosophy. Or am I high? | [
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21wnn2 | Which has more complexity as far as the number of physical operations happening in one time, a 200 foot commercial fishing vessel (minus crew) or a single celled organism? | I'm sitting on my boat in the Bering Sea, thinking about what defines life (we do a lot of philosophical thinking out here) and if you could say that the boat is alive. I mean power is created by burning energy, there are a huge number of computers, transformers, fans, pumps, winches, even the two sets of washers/dryer... | askscience | {
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"https://en.wikipedia... | Which has more complexity as far as the number of physical operations happening in one time, a 200 foot commercial fishing vessel (minus crew) or a single celled organism?
I'm sitting on my boat in the Bering Sea, thinking about what defines life (we do a lot of philosophical thinking out here) and if you could say tha... | [
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49g3us | Is Visuo-spatial intelligence part of Fluid intelligence? | Fluid intelligence is not thoroughly defined. For example, a lot of visual matrices that involve mental rotation are supposed indicator of Fluid intelligence. However if they also measure visual memory and mental rotation, are they not also measuring visuo-spatial intelligence? If so, does that mean Gv is part of Gf? | askscience | {
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"Notionally, they're separate. But it's impossible to test \"fluid intelligence\" without also testing other abilities as well. Fluid intelligence is *supposed* to be about the ability to identify new patterns, learn new rules, etc., but ones ability to perceive the patt... | {
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} | {
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} | Is Visuo-spatial intelligence part of Fluid intelligence?
Fluid intelligence is not thoroughly defined. For example, a lot of visual matrices that involve mental rotation are supposed indicator of Fluid intelligence. However if they also measure visual memory and mental rotation, are they not also measuring visuo-spati... | [
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3uhs4a | How do armadillos transmit leprosy to humans? | Are Armadillos the only animal carriers of leprosy or are they the only animals that can give leprosy to humans? If so, why only armadillos?
Read somewhere that they enable the infection to survive in the due to their lower body temperatures. However I don't understand how or why only armadillos can give the infection... | askscience | {
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"[As far as we know, they're the only other carriers of M. leprae](_URL_0_). \n\nThe actual mechanism of transfer appears to be unknown, but it [seems to be spread either from the skin or nasal mucosa](_URL_1_).",
"> However I don't understand how or ... | {
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"url": []
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]
} | How do armadillos transmit leprosy to humans?
Are Armadillos the only animal carriers of leprosy or are they the only animals that can give leprosy to humans? If so, why only armadillos? Read somewhere that they enable the infection to survive in the due to their lower body temperatures. However I don't understand how ... | [
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uoq6w | What are the implications of eosinophilia? | If it is determined that a person has eosinophilia (based on an elevated white-blood cell count called eosinophile), what are the likely causes? In layman's terms, what are the implications, and odds that it is an indicator of something more serious (such as leukemia)? | askscience | {
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"It can be caused by a variety of things, and one can not guess the cause for a particular person without further evaluation. Common causes are parasitic infections, allergic conditions, but malignant conditions can also cause eosinophilia."
],
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5
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} | {
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} | What are the implications of eosinophilia?
If it is determined that a person has eosinophilia (based on an elevated white-blood cell count called eosinophile), what are the likely causes? In layman's terms, what are the implications, and odds that it is an indicator of something more serious (such as leukemia)? | [
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w4eex | Would it be possible to print a message onto paper which is only revealed in sunlight? | I'd love to know if its possible. What I'd like to do is send out invitations or business cards which are in black, sealed envelopes and when opened the message would slowly reveal itself. Any help on the science or practical technique behind such a thing would be amazing! | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"I'm typing this in a very tired state, but I think a simple silver nitrate solution would work for this. I'm not sure how quickly, but it would work. A cheaper solution might be lemon juice but I doubt it would look as good or act as quickly."
],
"score": [
3
... | {
"url": []
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"url": []
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"url": []
} | Would it be possible to print a message onto paper which is only revealed in sunlight?
I'd love to know if its possible. What I'd like to do is send out invitations or business cards which are in black, sealed envelopes and when opened the message would slowly reveal itself. Any help on the science or practical techniq... | [
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7ngtnh | Why does using a laminated transformer core reduce the magnitude of induced eddy currents? | askscience | {
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"My understanding is that it restricts *how* eddy currents can form in the first place. They can only form within a single lamination, because the glue between layers is nonconductive, rather than being able to form any-which-way throughout the bulk of the core the way t... | {
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} | {
"url": []
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"url": [
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v97s8 | Human Bottleneck | I've read in numerous places that human population went through a bottleneck of maybe a few thousand people or so at some point. Is this thought to be a cluster of 1000 people hidden away in some sheltered area, or a scattering of, say, a few dozen small groups scattered across a wide geographic range? Or is the whol... | askscience | {
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"I am actually researching some of this because of my recent discovery of ash from the Youngest Toba Tuff eruption, which is believed to be a possible cause for a bottleneck- both in humans and other species. If you would like more information, I could search through the... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
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} | Human Bottleneck
I've read in numerous places that human population went through a bottleneck of maybe a few thousand people or so at some point. Is this thought to be a cluster of 1000 people hidden away in some sheltered area, or a scattering of, say, a few dozen small groups scattered across a wide geographic range?... | [
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6qs8in | Why is equation of EM wave Ecos(kx-wt)? | So for a wave traveling in the X direction, the equation is cos(kx-wt), as seen here: _URL_0_
But why is the oscillating part (kx-wt)? Is it not also valid to say the oscillating part could be described as (kxwt)? In both cases you are traveling along the X axis. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Because what you have there is the solution to the [electromagnetic wave equation](_URL_0_) which is derived from the maxwell equations. The general solution to these equations is some function g of the the form g(kx-wt). The spatial derivative is kg(kx-w... | {
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]
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_wave_equation"
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} | Why is equation of EM wave Ecos(kx-wt)?
So for a wave traveling in the X direction, the equation is cos(kx-wt), as seen here: _URL_0_ But why is the oscillating part (kx-wt)? Is it not also valid to say the oscillating part could be described as (kxwt)? In both cases you are traveling along the X axis. | [
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10buk2 | I know it's a funny thing to joke about but is there actually any science behind Zimbabwe's 1 million man flush? | Will flushing all the toilets at the same time actually do anything to help with the sewer system... I mean they needed someone to design the system in the first place so they obviously have an engineer around, is there any reason to think it will work? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"From what I have read, mass flushes are traditionally used to test whether massive systems can handle the load. _URL_0_\n\nMy concern with Zimbabwe's test is that plumbing systems don't traditionally have the ability to handle *too much* more than normal, and especially... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.tcu360.com/campus/2012/08/15550.tcu-band-helps-amon-g-carter-stadium-synchronized-toilet-flushing"
]
} | I know it's a funny thing to joke about but is there actually any science behind Zimbabwe's 1 million man flush?
Will flushing all the toilets at the same time actually do anything to help with the sewer system... I mean they needed someone to design the system in the first place so they obviously have an engineer arou... | [
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lu7co | Theoretical physics: 30 years from now. | Im not a scientist but I enjoy reading and watching documentaries about the universe, quantum mechanics, astronomy and the like. So, what I've seen so far is that much of the mainstream science (what we, non scientist read and watch on tv) is based on the works of Hawking, Feynman, etc. Some of these theories are 30 ye... | askscience | {
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],
"score": [
7
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} | {
"url": []
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} | Theoretical physics: 30 years from now.
Im not a scientist but I enjoy reading and watching documentaries about the universe, quantum mechanics, astronomy and the like. So, what I've seen so far is that much of the mainstream science (what we, non scientist read and watch on tv) is based on the works of Hawking, Feynma... | [
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5k1fmb | What's the average number of attempts necessary to reach 1,000 successes at a 1% rate? | So in statistics I understand that, given a 1% chance of success, it will take an average of 68.something attempts to succeed, because the equation is .99^x = .5 and you solve for x. However, does that mean that the average attempts to get, say, 1,000 successes at a 1% rate would be ~68,000? On one hand, it makes sen... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"> So in statistics I understand that, given a 1% chance of success, it will take an average of 68.something attempts to succeed, because the equation is .99^(x) = .5 and you solve for x.\n\nI'm not sure where you are getting that equation. If the success... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/25qsv7/eli5_if_i_attempt_something_with_1_probability"
]
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_binomial_distribution",
"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02613677"
]
} | What's the average number of attempts necessary to reach 1,000 successes at a 1% rate?
So in statistics I understand that, given a 1% chance of success, it will take an average of 68.something attempts to succeed, because the equation is .99^x = .5 and you solve for x. However, does that mean that the average attempts ... | [
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s4vea | Symbiotic Organisms in the Human Body | Just finished reading a Wired article about anti-viral medicine and came across a paragraph describing how trillions of viruses live in our body and assist our immune system in fighting other diseases. Along with viruses, we also harbor bacteria throughout or intestinal tract. So I came to wonder how much we actually a... | askscience | {
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"text": [
"There are about 10 times more bacteria than human cells in our body (10^14 versus 10^13), so that's one point to consider."
],
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3
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
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"url": []
} | Symbiotic Organisms in the Human Body
Just finished reading a Wired article about anti-viral medicine and came across a paragraph describing how trillions of viruses live in our body and assist our immune system in fighting other diseases. Along with viruses, we also harbor bacteria throughout or intestinal tract. So I... | [
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5zzzz6 | What is the Heisenberg Picture? | I'm looking for a slightly dumbed-down explanation of what the Heisenberg Picture (not uncertainty Principle) is and what it describes. It would be cool if someone could explain how the Heisenberg Group was used to show its equivalence with the Schrödinger Picture. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"I gave a simplified answer in your ELI5 thread, but this is /r/AskScience, so why not give a more technical answer as well?\n\nIn quantum mechanics, you represent the state of your system by a state vector |Ψ > , and you represent an observable quantity by a Hermitian o... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | What is the Heisenberg Picture?
I'm looking for a slightly dumbed-down explanation of what the Heisenberg Picture (not uncertainty Principle) is and what it describes. It would be cool if someone could explain how the Heisenberg Group was used to show its equivalence with the Schrödinger Picture. | [
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vgo82 | I was just at the spa and had a question come to mind: is there any good science behind reflexology? Acupuncture? Why or why not? | I was getting a massage earlier this evening and I started thinking about other services spas typically offer, namely reflexology and acupuncture. It made me wonder...tons of people claim relief from various maladies because of these services...is there any science to back them up? Why or why not? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Generally speaking, \"good science\" for a treatment modality involves most or all of the following:\n\n* Hypothesis testing and mechanism of action: I predict that x will occur if I do y, because of what we know and can demonstrate about how x is affected by y.\n\n* Do... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | I was just at the spa and had a question come to mind: is there any good science behind reflexology? Acupuncture? Why or why not?
I was getting a massage earlier this evening and I started thinking about other services spas typically offer, namely reflexology and acupuncture. It made me wonder...tons of people claim re... | [
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24g2xb | Is A Distributed Bragg reflector(DBR) with a defective layer on centre an Fabry–Pérot(FP) interferometer/resonator? | DBR has periodic layers of dielectric surfaces(say N1 and N2 are alternating layers), if one of its centre layer is defective (different in thickness) does it now behave like an Fabry–Pérot interferometer/resonator?
example structure [N1,N2,N1,N2,N1,N2,N1,N2,...N1(with deferent thickness ),N2,N1,N2,N1,N2,N1,N2,]
... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"ch74cm5"
],
"text": [
"Yes, odds is that the coating of the mirrors you are thinking of in that FP resonator are made with a very similar idea in mind. The freedom you get from being able to tailor the optical properties by chosing the material and thickness makes for some quite interesting r... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://www.cst.com/Content/Articles/article687/CST_Whitepaper_Photonic_CST.pdf"
]
} | Is A Distributed Bragg reflector(DBR) with a defective layer on centre an Fabry–Pérot(FP) interferometer/resonator?
DBR has periodic layers of dielectric surfaces(say N1 and N2 are alternating layers), if one of its centre layer is defective (different in thickness) does it now behave like an Fabry–Pérot interferometer... | [
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xbbyf | What is actually going on in your head when you are taking Nootropics like AlphaBrain? I've always wondered, and never been sure of the how valid their claims are. | _URL_0_
Here's an example, I read through this, and have not been able to comprehend too much of what it was saying, simple because I don't know chemistry works in the brain, and I'm more of a math-based person rather than Chemistry. But through the infinite power of Google, I was reading various claims and articles th... | askscience | {
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"c5kvcz7"
],
"text": [
"These types of products are completely devoid of legitimate testing of their effects. Thus the only reasonable answer is: We don't know. They don't know. Your mileage may vary."
],
"score": [
5
]
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.onnit.com/alphabrain-science/"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | What is actually going on in your head when you are taking Nootropics like AlphaBrain? I've always wondered, and never been sure of the how valid their claims are.
_URL_0_ Here's an example, I read through this, and have not been able to comprehend too much of what it was saying, simple because I don't know chemistry w... | [
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1fvd69 | If we follow citations back through scientific literature in time, where will we end? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"Very good question(s). You will end up at an article with no citations, but I'm not sure if there's one or two papers in each field you're highly likely to wind up at (e.g. 96% of wikipedia eventually links to Philosophy), or if it's more diffuse."
],
"score": [
... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | If we follow citations back through scientific literature in time, where will we end?
| [
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rmcsc | How possible is it to survive a botched skydive? | We all hear those unbelievable stories every couple of years of a person who skydives, only to have their parachute become stuck during descent. I could never understand how surviving something like that was possible. I guess I'm interested in the body's capacity for resilience when I ask: how can it happen? Is there ... | askscience | {
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"c46zfk0"
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"When someone dies from a fall of such height, it isn't the distance of the fall that kills them but the immediate change in momentum. Think of a car wreck. If you drive an old car that was made without crumple zones and air bags into a brick wall at high speed, most o... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | How possible is it to survive a botched skydive?
We all hear those unbelievable stories every couple of years of a person who skydives, only to have their parachute become stuck during descent. I could never understand how surviving something like that was possible. I guess I'm interested in the body's capacity for res... | [
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2wkocl | Speed of information? | I was reading recently about the speed of information and how person A who is 10 light seconds away from an explosion won't know about the explosion at the same time as person B who is 5 light seconds away, but 5 seconds after person B. Also, if the sun disappeared, how Earth would continue to rotate around the sun for... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cos203x",
"corzdkw"
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"> how can the Earth continue to rotate around \"where the sun was\"?\n\nThis is precisely why the idea of a [field](_URL_0_) is so central in relativistic physics. In this picture, everything is kept local: Earth never \"talks\" directly to the sun, but ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_(physics\\)"
]
} | Speed of information?
I was reading recently about the speed of information and how person A who is 10 light seconds away from an explosion won't know about the explosion at the same time as person B who is 5 light seconds away, but 5 seconds after person B. Also, if the sun disappeared, how Earth would continue to rot... | [
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ifzyy | What are the best science toys? | What science toys did you enjoy the most? What do you recommend? Also, what websites do you recommend for ordering them? Target age of the toys doesn't matter, just looking for anything that can be used for learning. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c23kill"
],
"text": [
"Google gave pretty [nice](_URL_1_) [results](_URL_0_). Instructables also have interesting things to make. Off the beaten path, I also enjoyed Zero Blasters."
],
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2
]
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://scitoys.com/",
"http://www.thinkgeek.com/geektoys/science/"
]
} | What are the best science toys?
What science toys did you enjoy the most? What do you recommend? Also, what websites do you recommend for ordering them? Target age of the toys doesn't matter, just looking for anything that can be used for learning. | [
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9uk2x1 | Will people tend to rate the same thing differently on a different scale; say a 5 star scale compared to a 1-10 scale? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"e96t4ub"
],
"text": [
"Absolutely, ask a friend what he or she thinks of that girl or guy over there ok a scale of 1-10. Then ask on a 1-100 scale.\n\nTheir face will scrunch up, they’ll tilt their head, and often ask, “why a 100 point scale?” It breaks out averaging. If she is a 66 the perso... | {
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} | Will people tend to rate the same thing differently on a different scale; say a 5 star scale compared to a 1-10 scale?
| [
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15d1l7 | How does one test the stability of a structural object such as a heavy panel in the wall or ceiling of a tunnel? | I was reading this news article: _URL_0_ and started wondering, how do these panels get tested for stability? My naive thought is that just merely going and pulling on the panels with tools would merely lead them to possibly becoming more unstable than they may have been before. I'm assuming they'd want to test the sta... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Applying a load to the panels would not increase the probability of the panel falling, unless it causes plastic deformation. \nEssentially there are two types of deformation; plastic deformation where the material can not recover completely after being unloaded, and ela... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://bostonherald.com/news_opinion/local_coverage/2012/12/stuck_truck_trashes_tunnel_tiles"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | How does one test the stability of a structural object such as a heavy panel in the wall or ceiling of a tunnel?
I was reading this news article: _URL_0_ and started wondering, how do these panels get tested for stability? My naive thought is that just merely going and pulling on the panels with tools would merely lead... | [
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2lewmb | Is there such thing as an "Anti-Electromagnet"? | I was thinking it would be really useful for low power applications if it were possible to have a magnet much like a permanent magnet which you can disable the field temporarily by applying a charge to it, rather than maintaining a charge to keep it active.
Is such a device in existence/possible? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"clukk9u"
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"text": [
"[Electropermanent magnet\n](_URL_0_)\n\nBasically there is a permanent magnet made with 2 materials, where only one of which can have it's magnetization changed (by supplying a current). Therefore, when current is supplied, the two materials have opposite magnetizations... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electropermanent_magnet"
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} | Is there such thing as an "Anti-Electromagnet"?
I was thinking it would be really useful for low power applications if it were possible to have a magnet much like a permanent magnet which you can disable the field temporarily by applying a charge to it, rather than maintaining a charge to keep it active. Is such a devi... | [
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15ov22 | Strange Object near Sun - 30.12.2012 - Anybody know what it is? | A friend just posted this picture on facebook and it looks really weird..
Does anyone know what it could be?
mirror: _URL_0_ | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"It looks a lot like a [sungrazer comet](_URL_1_), although I didn't think anything had the dynamic range to image one in the same image as the Sun, so I wonder if the above might be a composite image.\n\nThe tag AIA in the im... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://imgur.com/CmLvz"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_Dynamics_Observatory#Atmospheric_Imaging_Assembly_.28AIA.29",
"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/comet-streaks-sun.html",
"http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/aiahmi/browse/",
"http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/",
"http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/assets/... | Strange Object near Sun - 30.12.2012 - Anybody know what it is?
A friend just posted this picture on facebook and it looks really weird.. Does anyone know what it could be? mirror: _URL_0_ | [
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9skwwi | What tech is used to map places non-intrusively? | As I understand, the images we have which show how the surface of the earth looks like without water or the new info about the inside of the pyramids is using some tech which maps these places without having to go in. Any idea on how it is done? If I had a house which I know has a secret room, could I theoretically use... | askscience | {
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"What you're asking about is not one method; it is a set things, most of which could be called either tomography or remote sensing (although most would probably concede tomography is technically a form of remote sensing). A full list and description of the... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/seafloor-mapping/how_multibeamsonar.html",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground-penetrating_radar",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geophysical_survey"
]
} | What tech is used to map places non-intrusively?
As I understand, the images we have which show how the surface of the earth looks like without water or the new info about the inside of the pyramids is using some tech which maps these places without having to go in. Any idea on how it is done? If I had a house which I ... | [
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p3h8f | How does powerline networking work? | Is there a theoretical bandwidth limit and can you get more speed by increasing the voltage/current? Does it suffer heavy interference from other devices in the home? How come the national grid haven't used the concept to pipe internet to remote, cut off, locations? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c3m8b8i"
],
"text": [
"Powerline networking works by inserting relatively small high-frequency signals on to the line. Most appliances effectively filter this just by virtue of their construction and don't much care whether they are there or not but this is not a universal fact; you can find... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | How does powerline networking work?
Is there a theoretical bandwidth limit and can you get more speed by increasing the voltage/current? Does it suffer heavy interference from other devices in the home? How come the national grid haven't used the concept to pipe internet to remote, cut off, locations? | [
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27nock | I know unfolding is a complex event in the life of a protein... but can long proteins actually get tied in knots? | Can a protein get tied in a knot and if so can it be tied so tightly that it can't be undone by the normal unfolding process? If they can... what are the ramifications... if they can't... why (k)not?
Thanks.
edit: Amazing and thorough responses. Thanks, I have more reading to do it looks like! | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"ci2luzo",
"ci2mnt4"
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"text": [
"Yes! Actually, proteins do form knots. However, I think you have the process a little backwards, proteins are generated as a long single strand and the complicated process that gives them their shape and therefore function, is folding. Once folded, they g... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unfolded_protein_response",
"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja00103a057",
"http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pcbi.0020122",
"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0074755",
"http://www.natur... | I know unfolding is a complex event in the life of a protein... but can long proteins actually get tied in knots?
Can a protein get tied in a knot and if so can it be tied so tightly that it can't be undone by the normal unfolding process? If they can... what are the ramifications... if they can't... why (k)not? Thanks... | [
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aecapq | What is the significance of an 7 nm node and what happens when we can’t go any smaller? | I read that AMD announced a 7nm GPU. What does “7nm architecture” mean and why that over a larger number? Also, what happens when we can’t go any smaller? I heard at one time people thought anything smaller than 10 was impossible. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"The numbers don't really mean much of anything at this point. Nominally, it corresponds to the size of the components the CPU is made of, but it has been basically replaced with marketing wank. \n\nBut you want the transistors as small as possible for a v... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
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"url": [
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photomask",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_nanometer"
]
} | What is the significance of an 7 nm node and what happens when we can’t go any smaller?
I read that AMD announced a 7nm GPU. What does “7nm architecture” mean and why that over a larger number? Also, what happens when we can’t go any smaller? I heard at one time people thought anything smaller than 10 was impossible. | [
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tm02p | Furby is just shy of 15 years old. How advanced would a comparable toy be today? | In other words, how complex is consumer grade AI in 2012? I don't mean in conversation so much, but in its ability to react to its surroundings and learn over time. The only AI journalism I've seen recently is regarding really experimental technology or parroting programmes like Cleverbot and Siri, so I'm terribly out ... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"A college of mine is working on similar stuff, if a camera/furby type avatar is appropriately positioned it can act as a chess tutor. \n\nIt can recognise the location of pieces on the board and say if a move is valid. It can judge whether or not a child ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://opencv.willowgarage.com/wiki/"
]
} | Furby is just shy of 15 years old. How advanced would a comparable toy be today?
In other words, how complex is consumer grade AI in 2012? I don't mean in conversation so much, but in its ability to react to its surroundings and learn over time. The only AI journalism I've seen recently is regarding really experimental... | [
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o6ft6 | Anyone familiar with GST fusion proteins and how they are prepared? | Mostly the preparation I'm having difficulty grasping. | askscience | {
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],
"text": [
"Which part of the preparation are you having trouble with? I haven't actually used GST in particular but it is a similar concept as with any fusion tag. \n\nFirst step is the molecular cloning - The DNA sequence that encodes the GST tag is known, so you fuse this sequen... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Anyone familiar with GST fusion proteins and how they are prepared?
Mostly the preparation I'm having difficulty grasping. | [
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7hz0w2 | Can there be a relative extrema at the end point of an interval? | On my calculus test we were given a graph of f^1 (x) where the line crossed the x-axis at x=-2 going from positive to negative. The line later continued to cross the x-axis at x=4 and it went from negative to positive. The question asked was: For what values of x on the domain of [-3,5] does f(x) have a relative maxim... | askscience | {
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"**edit:** Just in case, please do not interpret what I have written below as some argument you can use against your teacher to get back points on an exam. You should always stick to the definitions and conventions used in that particular class to answer any questions. H... | {
"url": []
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"url": []
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"url": []
} | Can there be a relative extrema at the end point of an interval?
On my calculus test we were given a graph of f^1 (x) where the line crossed the x-axis at x=-2 going from positive to negative. The line later continued to cross the x-axis at x=4 and it went from negative to positive. The question asked was: For what val... | [
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1h50ue | What is a "discovery set" and "replication set"? | While I was reading some papers on genomics and eQTL studies, I noticed some papers referring to some parts of their sample as a "discovery set" and another part as a "replication set." I was not able to find a definition for these terms. Can anyone help clarify? | askscience | {
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"A fear in any study is that differences between a two groups (ex. healthy and diseased) might be differences *only* between the two tested groups, and not the \"real\" differences between all healthy and all diseased individuals.\n\nThe replication set (or validation co... | {
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"url": []
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"url": []
} | What is a "discovery set" and "replication set"?
While I was reading some papers on genomics and eQTL studies, I noticed some papers referring to some parts of their sample as a "discovery set" and another part as a "replication set." I was not able to find a definition for these terms. Can anyone help clarify? | [
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1hivxy | Modern problems and electric lighting? | askscience | {
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"> I've often thought that if we just were allowed to get more sleep, the world would be a more pleasant place.\n\nThe worst parts of the world tend to be those places without regular electricity service IMO."
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2
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3nzxku | Why do ground glass joints make such a great seal? | askscience | {
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"They don't actually. You'll find that using a glass stopper in, say, an extraction funnel will lead to leakage.\n\nIn order to create a proper seal for applications like a rotary evaporator, you'd need [vacuum grease](_URL_0_) around all joints, or you won't maintain a ... | {
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} | Why do ground glass joints make such a great seal?
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86gqt5 | What is the minimum amount of curve/deflection a person can visually perceive without the aid of depth perception or a straight edge? | If you have an object/curve that fits into your central 30 degree visual field, but is not curved toward you, shaded or textured in a way that helps you pick up on its curvature, how curved does the image projected on your retina have to be for you to tell it isn't straight? I would imagine the answer taking the form o... | askscience | {
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qiylp | Are there things we can see that we are no longer causally connected to? | Can we see things we are no longer causally connected to? The other night while falling asleep, I was thinking about really distant galaxies, and the fact that the light we are seeing from them is billions of years old, but then I remembered that the universe is expanding, and in fact, that the expansion is acceleratin... | askscience | {
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"The answer is \"yes, objects can vanish from our lightcone because their relative speed exceeds the speed of light\" I could go on and talk more about it, but it would be basically paraphrasing [this article](_URL_0_)",
"No, we would st... | {
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"url": []
} | {
"url": [
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} | Are there things we can see that we are no longer causally connected to?
Can we see things we are no longer causally connected to? The other night while falling asleep, I was thinking about really distant galaxies, and the fact that the light we are seeing from them is billions of years old, but then I remembered that ... | [
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qktk2 | Anyone work with error prone PCR? | Error prone PCR was mentioned in my biotech lecture a while back, but I want to know more about it. From what I understand so far it can be used to induce mutations to come up with "better" functioning proteins or regulatory sequence (eg. stronger promoters). I guess I'm most curious as to how effective the technique i... | askscience | {
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"url": []
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"url": []
} | Anyone work with error prone PCR?
Error prone PCR was mentioned in my biotech lecture a while back, but I want to know more about it. From what I understand so far it can be used to induce mutations to come up with "better" functioning proteins or regulatory sequence (eg. stronger promoters). I guess I'm most curious a... | [
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32093g | Anyone know what this is? Its like a silver looking piece of cloud with a red cloud next to it. | _URL_0_
_URL_1_
I was walking the kids to school we saw this. Just kinda wondering what is going on here so I can better explain what this is. Thanks again! | askscience | {
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"It's hard to tell for sure without a higher-resolution look, but it's almost certainly [cloud iridescence](_URL_1_) in some very small clouds. It is a diffraction phenomenon, caused when all the cloud droplets (or ice particles if it is an ice cloud) are the same size.\... | {
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} | {
"url": [
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]
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"url": [
"http://www.atoptics.co.uk/droplets/iridim4.htm",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_iridescence"
]
} | Anyone know what this is? Its like a silver looking piece of cloud with a red cloud next to it.
_URL_0_ _URL_1_ I was walking the kids to school we saw this. Just kinda wondering what is going on here so I can better explain what this is. Thanks again! | [
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11frr6 | Question about strange elastic wire (metal). | I used to go to prep high school where a lot of kids parents had really interesting jobs. Well in my Chem 201 class one day one of my class mates brought in two strange metals that his dad's company had been experimenting with.
The first one looked like a spring that would bend out of it's shape in a similar fashion t... | askscience | {
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"c6m56o6"
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"I think you're looking at something called a shape memory alloy. There are a variety of different types - a common one is nitinol, a near 50/50 mixture of nickle and titanium.\n\nThe wiki article is actually a pretty good place to start, but I can give a rough overview.... | {
"url": []
} | {
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"url": []
} | Question about strange elastic wire (metal).
I used to go to prep high school where a lot of kids parents had really interesting jobs. Well in my Chem 201 class one day one of my class mates brought in two strange metals that his dad's company had been experimenting with. The first one looked like a spring that would b... | [
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16wqma | Do you and I see the same colors? | Do we all see the same colors?(excluding color-blind people) Is the color red that I see the same as the red you see? Or, for example, is it possible that the blue I see is the red you see? Is it possible that this is what decides a person's favorite color? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"[Is it possible that you and I see the same colors differently?](_URL_0_)",
"The thing you're asking about has a name, [qualia](_URL_1_), which is the experience of consciousness. Such as, what do you perceive when your eye looks at som... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/sciencefaqs/comments/qfqad/is_it_possible_that_you_and_i_see_the_same_colors/",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualia",
"http://www.ca.uky.edu/hes/fcs/FACTSHTS/HF-LRA.151.PDF"
]
} | Do you and I see the same colors?
Do we all see the same colors?(excluding color-blind people) Is the color red that I see the same as the red you see? Or, for example, is it possible that the blue I see is the red you see? Is it possible that this is what decides a person's favorite color? | [
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31kuqt | How did Lene Hau stop a beam of light? | I asked this in the subreddit intended for simplified explanations, sorta like what a 5 year old may use to describe things (bot deleted my post last time for using the subreddit name), but had no luck. If anyone here can help me out, I'd very much appreciate it(: | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"Basically the light was absorbed in a really cold gas called a Bose-Einstein condensate, which acts like a single atom. Because of that, it was able to absorb the light as a whole (rather than each individual atom doing its own thing), and because it was so cold it didn... | {
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"url": []
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"url": []
} | How did Lene Hau stop a beam of light?
I asked this in the subreddit intended for simplified explanations, sorta like what a 5 year old may use to describe things (bot deleted my post last time for using the subreddit name), but had no luck. If anyone here can help me out, I'd very much appreciate it(: | [
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pecif | Is there anything behind the "fat burn" vs. "cardio" settings on the exercise machines at the gym? | A number of exercise machines at the gym will track your heart rate. They usually have some range of heart rate labeled something like "fat burn" and another range labeled something like "cardio". The fat burn is always lower than cardio. For example, fat burn might be 110-130 bpm and cardio might be 130-150 bpm. These... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"The fat burning zone is the biggest myth in fitness. It's based on the idea that as you transition to higher intensities you switch substrates from fat to glycogen. This is true, but by that logic the truest fat burning zone ... | {
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} | {
"url": []
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"url": []
} | Is there anything behind the "fat burn" vs. "cardio" settings on the exercise machines at the gym?
A number of exercise machines at the gym will track your heart rate. They usually have some range of heart rate labeled something like "fat burn" and another range labeled something like "cardio". The fat burn is always l... | [
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7w6lc6 | Do proteins at the molecular level "‘live’ in a world governed by the laws of quantum physics."? | I was surprised by the below interview with this mathematician Dr. Joseph Geraci in which he posits that "when you want to really get down to the level of small molecules and figure out how to engineer a protein to configure itself in a precise way, that becomes incredibly difficult. The reason is because by their natu... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Well, this is my area so I could write about this all day, really. To try to keep it short..\n\nUltimately, everything is quantum-mechanical of course. But chemistry is indeed entirely quantum-mechanical. Whether you know it ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://tmrwedition.com/2018/02/08/interview-with-mathematician-medical-scientist-and-quantum-computation-specialist-dr-joseph-geraci/"
]
} | {
"url": [
"https://medium.com/the-physics-arxiv-blog/physicists-smash-record-for-wave-particle-duality-462c39db8e7b",
"http://www.physicscentral.com/explore/action/pia-entanglement.cfm",
"https://phys.org/news/2014-01-quantum-mechanics-efficiency-photosynthesis.html"
]
} | Do proteins at the molecular level "‘live’ in a world governed by the laws of quantum physics."?
I was surprised by the below interview with this mathematician Dr. Joseph Geraci in which he posits that "when you want to really get down to the level of small molecules and figure out how to engineer a protein to configur... | [
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1cdici | Proof by physical experiment? | Recently i come across the internet, a teacher first fills two water tanks with volume a^2 and b^2 in full, then fill another c^2 large water tank with those two. The water fills the tank in full volume, no more no less, hence "proved" the Pythagoras theorem.
I know that physics and mathematics contribute in a highly ... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c9fggts"
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"text": [
"All experiments, no matter how precise the instrumentation, have experimental error. Because of this, there cannot be an actual proof by physical experiment. While the tank example is nice, it only shows that c^2 is within some error factor of a^2 + b^2 rather than actu... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Proof by physical experiment?
Recently i come across the internet, a teacher first fills two water tanks with volume a^2 and b^2 in full, then fill another c^2 large water tank with those two. The water fills the tank in full volume, no more no less, hence "proved" the Pythagoras theorem. I know that physics and mathem... | [
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1f7smd | What's the difference between Alien hand & Anarchic hand syndrome? [also posted in r/psychology] | At first I thought they were synonymous but upon further research, I realized they were different at least agency wise. I just can't understand the physiological difference and the behavioral difference (in the sense of ownership & such). I also couldn't but notice its significance on free will. Is anyone familiar wi... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"ca7ozor"
],
"text": [
"As far as I'm aware, alien and anarchic hand syndrome are synonymous terms. Alien hand syndrome can be described as a loss of agency with preserved awareness of ownership over the affected limb and I'm not aware of any other definition for anarchic hand syndrome. Perhap... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | What's the difference between Alien hand & Anarchic hand syndrome? [also posted in r/psychology]
At first I thought they were synonymous but upon further research, I realized they were different at least agency wise. I just can't understand the physiological difference and the behavioral difference (in the sense of own... | [
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6afo7p | Aren't we all(humans, plants, animals, basically everything that is alive on Earth) related? | Don't we all have a common ancestor? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"dhexv69"
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"text": [
"Yep, evolutionary ancestry of all life we know of can be traced back to the [Last Universal Common Ancester](_URL_0_), aka LUCA. This includes animals (incl. humans), plants, fungi, bacteria and archaea. Intermediate ancestors (ex. LUCA to all animals) al... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_universal_common_ancestor",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiogenesis"
]
} | Aren't we all(humans, plants, animals, basically everything that is alive on Earth) related?
Don't we all have a common ancestor? | [
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4k4ju4 | How is it helpful to consider stresses at the material point as a sum of hydrostatic stress and deviatoric stress? | I'm in my first year at university and we're told that the stresses at a point can be re-written to be the hydrostatic stresses + the deviatoric stress, and I was wondering what uses this has over having just the stresses as they are. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Has to do with the way materials fail. Simply put, hydrostatic stresses change volume and deviatoric stresses change shape of a material. Some circumstances benefit from separating the two changes. Also, many metals can withstand high hydrostatic stress, but fail when t... | {
"url": []
} | {
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} | How is it helpful to consider stresses at the material point as a sum of hydrostatic stress and deviatoric stress?
I'm in my first year at university and we're told that the stresses at a point can be re-written to be the hydrostatic stresses + the deviatoric stress, and I was wondering what uses this has over having j... | [
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... | |
m6pr3 | What synapomorphy separates Cycads and Ginkgos from the rest of the Gymnosperms? | I was looking at a phylogenetic tree similar to [this](_URL_0_) one, as well at studying samples in a biology lab on plant species morphology. I understand what separates gymnosperms and angiosperms, and what separates seed plants from the rest of the land plants. What I'm wondering is what specifically makes Cycads an... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c2yk7sb"
],
"text": [
"There may not be any clear morphological synapomorphies. Most modern studies of the basal branching order of green plants and the relationships between their higher-level taxa rely on molecular data. So in the case of a particular relationship like cycads + *Gingko* com... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.botany.wisc.edu/courses/botany_400/images/lectureImages/SeedPlants.jpg"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://tolweb.org/Spermatopsida/20622"
]
} | What synapomorphy separates Cycads and Ginkgos from the rest of the Gymnosperms?
I was looking at a phylogenetic tree similar to [this](_URL_0_) one, as well at studying samples in a biology lab on plant species morphology. I understand what separates gymnosperms and angiosperms, and what separates seed plants from the... | [
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9krw5o | Is there evidence that GR is realized with curved spaced rather than torsion or non-metricity? | I have heard that there are formulations of GR which use torsion or non-metricity of space and I am interested in how one would distinguish them with measurements and, as a bonus, how to imagine what non-metricity actually is.
Would these different formulations potentially solve problems like dark matter or dark energ... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"e727nl6",
"e72euqz"
],
"text": [
"Ordinary GR considers spacetime to be curved, with no torsion. This works extremely well for almost all measurements.\n\nExtending general relativity with torsion is called *Einstein-Cartan theory*. This gives predictions which one can measure. Here is on... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://arxiv.org/abs/0712.4393"
]
} | Is there evidence that GR is realized with curved spaced rather than torsion or non-metricity?
I have heard that there are formulations of GR which use torsion or non-metricity of space and I am interested in how one would distinguish them with measurements and, as a bonus, how to imagine what non-metricity actually is... | [
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1wvwyg | Pair production and frames of reference | > "Photon-nucleus pair production can only occur if the photons have an energy exceeding twice the rest energy (mc^2 ) of an electron (1.022 MeV)" [Wikipedia - Pair production](_URL_0_)
So a photon with an energy greater of 1.022 MeV can do pair production. Let's assume a photon with exactly 1.022 MeV that produ... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cf651oi"
],
"text": [
"An isolated photon, whatever its energy, cannot decay into an e^(+)e^(-) pair.\n\nWhat we are looking at here is the process\n\n photon+nucleus -- > e^(+)+e^(-)+nucleus.\n\nIn photon-nucleus pair production, the condition that the photon energy must exceed 1.022 MeV on... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pair_production#Energy"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | Pair production and frames of reference
> "Photon-nucleus pair production can only occur if the photons have an energy exceeding twice the rest energy (mc^2 ) of an electron (1.022 MeV)" [Wikipedia - Pair production](_URL_0_) So a photon with an energy greater of 1.022 MeV can do pair production. Let's assume a photon ... | [
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3nmd8j | I took a picture of a plane in the sky and it looks like there is a path drawn in front of it alredy. Anyone knows why? | [here](_URL_0_) is the picture. thnx! | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cvpjb53"
],
"text": [
"If you look at the buildings, you can see that the sun is behind the plane. What you are seeing is the shadow from the condensation trail. [You can find many similar images online](_URL_0_)"
],
"score": [
11
]
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://imgur.com/1MfZxbn"
]
} | {
"url": [
"https://www.google.com/search?q=contrail+shadow"
]
} | I took a picture of a plane in the sky and it looks like there is a path drawn in front of it alredy. Anyone knows why?
[here](_URL_0_) is the picture. thnx! | [
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5i4mho | Why (in good conditions), a moving light appears to make a sequencial trail ? - - - - | When you look at a fix point, and if a light emmiter move fast enough in your vision, you dont see a
continuous light trail, but a separated one, with regular empty spaces.
What is that?
Some indication of how consciousness works ? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"db61bwa",
"db5kotn"
],
"text": [
"If you are talking about things like tail lights or brake lights on cars, lots of modern cars have LEDs for those lights. LEDs are strange little components that don't work at all like regular incandescent lights. In order to get a lot of light out of a... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Why (in good conditions), a moving light appears to make a sequencial trail ? - - - -
When you look at a fix point, and if a light emmiter move fast enough in your vision, you dont see a continuous light trail, but a separated one, with regular empty spaces. What is that? Some indication of how consciousness works ? | [
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4zr0uw | [biology/chemistry] If you analyze a winegum/jelly closely, will you be able to see that there is animal gelatine in it in some way? | I have recently thought about whether or not you could trace back components from a winegum, or any candy for that matter, to the animal the gelatine originated from or if it will dissolve into untraceable bits. So can you, by analyzing a winegum, see if there's traces of animals in it in any way? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"d6y545i",
"d6yywfp"
],
"text": [
"Gelatin is derived from collagen, a protein. During the process of making gelatin, intact collagen is hydrolyzed, i.e. broken up into little bits.\n\nTheoretically, you could dissolve a winegum, subject it to mass spectrometry, and identify the collagen p... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | [biology/chemistry] If you analyze a winegum/jelly closely, will you be able to see that there is animal gelatine in it in some way?
I have recently thought about whether or not you could trace back components from a winegum, or any candy for that matter, to the animal the gelatine originated from or if it will dissolv... | [
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lg3gc | Question on diffusion in respiration | So I understand the process of diffusion of gasses into the blood stream at the alveolar level, due to differing partial pressures between atmospheric levels and levels in the blood.
What I don't understand is why, when oxygen is in the lungs it has whatever partial pressure it has (say 100 mmHg), and it diffuses into... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c2see1v"
],
"text": [
"Wait, how do you know P02 in the lungs remains the same? We inhale air, of which approx. 20% is O2, and exhaled air contains approx. 15% O2.\n\nTake a deep breath and hold it in. You are using that oxygen right now, but the total pressure remains the same because you cl... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Question on diffusion in respiration
So I understand the process of diffusion of gasses into the blood stream at the alveolar level, due to differing partial pressures between atmospheric levels and levels in the blood. What I don't understand is why, when oxygen is in the lungs it has whatever partial pressure it has ... | [
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1f3zjw | Equator experiments - Based on real science?? | So my mother and I went to the equator in ecuador today. They do several experiments that can be seen in this video (_URL_0_). The experiments include showing the Coriolis Effect by draining water from a basin on the equator and north/south of the equator. I know that the Coriolis effect doesn't actually change the way... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"ca6l370",
"ca6nh97"
],
"text": [
"Although what you saw had nothing to do with the Coriolis force, the effect *can* be seen in a draining tub when done *very very carefully*. For an ordinary sink under ordinary conditions, things like the way the water was moving right before the drain w... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBVntSA-qoQ"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.physics.indiana.edu/~hake/CoriolisMyths.pdf",
"http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/General/bathtub.html"
]
} | Equator experiments - Based on real science??
So my mother and I went to the equator in ecuador today. They do several experiments that can be seen in this video (_URL_0_). The experiments include showing the Coriolis Effect by draining water from a basin on the equator and north/south of the equator. I know that the C... | [
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1oovl8 | Will the CMB ever go dark? | I'm a high school astronomy teacher and I'm trying to teach about the Big Bang. Reddit was extremely helpful with a previous question!
So now I'm wondering if we will ever stop receiving the CMB from the early universe. If I understand this correctly light was released when the first atoms of H and He formed at 380,... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"ccu8t4k",
"ccu5t3b"
],
"text": [
"In principle, no. There are really two separate questions here, so I'll address them one by one.\n\n1) Will the CMB ever go dark because we've stopped seeing light from the farthest point? The answer is almost certainly no (or not any time soon), because ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Will the CMB ever go dark?
I'm a high school astronomy teacher and I'm trying to teach about the Big Bang. Reddit was extremely helpful with a previous question! So now I'm wondering if we will ever stop receiving the CMB from the early universe. If I understand this correctly light was released when the first atoms of... | [
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3owl2c | what are the actual specific reasons you arent supposed to shut a compute off with the power button? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cw2gb7k",
"cw28pj7"
],
"text": [
"Note there is a difference between just pressing the power button, and pressing and holding the power button for ~5 seconds. The former is typically the same as giving your OS a \"shutdown\" command but varies depending on OS and OS settings (could be Sl... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | what are the actual specific reasons you arent supposed to shut a compute off with the power button?
| [
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4vag0u | In high school we learn that the action potential is always propagated on a especific direction: the dendrite to axon. So, how the dendrodendritic synapse happens? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"d5x37gj"
],
"text": [
"Action potentials can propagate in either direction. Two factors normally make them propagate from dendrite to axon. First, they are initiated in dendrites. Second, active loci become refractory after an action potential, so back-propagation does not occur."
],
"sco... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | In high school we learn that the action potential is always propagated on a especific direction: the dendrite to axon. So, how the dendrodendritic synapse happens?
| [
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8lkmrp | If I think really hard will more blood go to my brain? | What can increase blood circulation in the brain besides increased heart rate, or putting your head upside down? Is it effected by increased brain or sensory activity? I know our little gray cells aren’t muscles, and that there’s always a minimum amount of blood in our brains. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"dziaty7"
],
"text": [
"Maybe.\n\nThe blood flow to the brain is tightly auto regulated through the range of normal systemic blood pressures. It's usually about 50 mils of blood per minute per 100 grams brain tissue which is about 750ml/min. Or about 15% of cardiac output. However regional blo... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | If I think really hard will more blood go to my brain?
What can increase blood circulation in the brain besides increased heart rate, or putting your head upside down? Is it effected by increased brain or sensory activity? I know our little gray cells aren’t muscles, and that there’s always a minimum amount of blood in... | [
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zhdp4 | What are the odds of my seeing some type of large scale Lunar base in my lifetime? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c64l7k9"
],
"text": [
"With most space exploration funding being Administration dependent, no one can *really* say, but its certainly technologically plausible, with the occasional resupply from Earth.\n\n*Make it happen.*"
],
"score": [
5
]
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | What are the odds of my seeing some type of large scale Lunar base in my lifetime?
| [
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18vvrl | Nominal fees and commitment. What is the name of the phenomenon that when somebody pays a small fee for something, they are way more likely to engage in the activity or use the thing? | As a bit of background, I work with youth with mental illness. Given the well established physical health risks associated with these illnesses, I'm applying for funding to start up a running group. I'm going to be asking for money for shoes, gear and a race entry fees. However, I know there is evidence to suggest t... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c8ijfd9",
"c8il6yg"
],
"text": [
"Sunk Cost Fallacy (_URL_0_) in Economics research.\n\nCommitment Escalation/Bias (_URL_1_) in more behavioral fields. \n\nI am by no means an expert on the practical applications/exploitation of these outside of game theory and design however, those term... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.communicationcache.com/uploads/1/0/8/8/10887248/the_psychology_of_sunk_cost.pdf",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commitment_device"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunk_cost_fallacy",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escalation_of_commitment",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foot-in-the-door_technique"
]
} | Nominal fees and commitment. What is the name of the phenomenon that when somebody pays a small fee for something, they are way more likely to engage in the activity or use the thing?
As a bit of background, I work with youth with mental illness. Given the well established physical health risks associated with these il... | [
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7xsz96 | What is the reasoning for the muon's name? | Pretty basic question... mu is 10^-6 so does that have anything to do with it's name? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"dub3avk"
],
"text": [
"μ is the greek equivalent of m. The muon was originally called a [m]eson, meaning a medium-mass particle, but later it was discovered that muon (mass of 105MeV) was a very different particle than the pion (mass of 140MeV) which was found at the same time. The pion now i... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | What is the reasoning for the muon's name?
Pretty basic question... mu is 10^-6 so does that have anything to do with it's name? | [
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2uqubk | Why is tanh a universal basis function? | I was reading an [intro to neural networks](_URL_2_).
At the very bottom the use of tanh as the hidden node function is explained as it is a "universal basis function".
Also listed are the common candidate function groups: sigmoid and radial functions.
Are there any other function groups which can be used as a basis... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cobmjvj"
],
"text": [
"This is what they're referring to: _URL_0_\n\nIt says that any continuous function can be approximated by a linear combination of sigmoid functions (which is what a 2 layer neural network is capable of doing). The proof is actually really intuitive:\n\nBasically, sigmoi... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_basis_function",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basis_function",
"http://www.willamette.edu/~gorr/classes/cs449/multilayer.html"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_approximation_theorem"
]
} | Why is tanh a universal basis function?
I was reading an [intro to neural networks](_URL_2_). At the very bottom the use of tanh as the hidden node function is explained as it is a "universal basis function". Also listed are the common candidate function groups: sigmoid and radial functions. Are there any other functio... | [
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... |
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