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The dramatistic pentad forms the core structure of dramatism, a method for examining motivations that the renowned literary critic Kenneth Burke developed. Dramatism recommends the use of a metalinguistic approach to stories about human action that investigates the roles and uses of five rhetorical elements common to all narratives, each of which is related to a question. These five rhetorical elements form the "dramatistic pentad" | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Eavesdropping is the act of secretly or stealthily listening to the private conversation or communications of others without their consent in order to gather information.
Etymology
The verb eavesdrop is a back-formation from the noun eavesdropper ("a person who eavesdrops"), which was formed from the related noun eavesdrop ("the dripping of water from the eaves of a house; the ground on which such water falls"). An eavesdropper was someone who would hang from the eave of a building so as to hear what is said within | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Quake II engine is a game engine developed by id Software for use in their 1997 first-person shooter Quake II. It is the successor to the Quake engine. Since its release, the Quake II engine has been licensed for use in several other games | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
RawTherapee is application software for processing photographs in raw image formats, as created by many digital cameras. It comprises a subset of image editing operations specifically aimed at non-destructive post-production of raw photos and is primarily focused on improving a photographer's workflow by facilitating the handling of large numbers of images. It is notable for the advanced control it gives the user over the demosaicing and developing process | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Reduce is a general-purpose computer algebra system geared towards applications in physics.
The development of the Reduce computer algebra system was started in the 1960s by Anthony C. Hearn | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Synfig Studio (also known as Synfig) is a free and open-source vector-based 2D animation software. It is created by Robert Quattlebaum with additional contributions by Adrian Bentley.
Synfig began as the custom animation platform for Voria Studios (now defunct), and in 2005 was released as free/open source software, under GNU GPL-2 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
TextSecure was an encrypted messaging application for Android that was developed from 2010 to 2015. It was a predecessor to Signal and the first application to use the Signal Protocol, which has since been implemented into WhatsApp and other applications. TextSecure used end-to-end encryption to secure the transmission of text messages, group messages, attachments and media messages to other TextSecure users | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Toonz is a 2D animation software program. The base application is currently managed by Dwango as open-source software under the name OpenToonz. An extended commercial variant for professional individuals and studios, Toonz Premium, is being developed and marketed by Digital Video S | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Torque Game Engine, or TGE, is an open-source cross-platform 3D computer game engine, developed by GarageGames and actively maintained under the current versions Torque 3D as well as Torque 2D. It was originally developed by Dynamix for the 2001 first-person shooter Tribes 2. In September 2012, GarageGames released Torque 3D as open-source software under the MIT License | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
TurboCASH is an accounting software package, developed by a project team headed by Philip Copeman, a South African. It has been continuously developed since April 1985, and was released under the GNU General Public License in July 2003. As of version 5, the software requires an annual subscription fee | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
On2 TrueMotion VP3 is a (royalty-free) lossy video compression format and video codec. It is an incarnation of the TrueMotion video codec, a series of video codecs developed by On2 Technologies.
There is no formal specification for the VP3 bitstream format beyond the VP3 source code published by On2 Technologies | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Watcom C/C++ (currently Open Watcom C/C++) is an integrated development environment (IDE) product from Watcom International Corporation for the C, C++, and Fortran programming languages. Watcom C/C++ was a commercial product until it was discontinued, then released under the Sybase Open Watcom Public License as Open Watcom C/C++. It features tools for developing and debugging code for DOS, OS/2, and Windows, Linux operating systems, which are based upon x86, IA-32, x86-64 compatible processors | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Windows Communication Foundation (WCF), previously known as Indigo, is a free and open-source runtime and a set of APIs in the . NET Framework for building connected, service-oriented applications. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Wire is an encrypted communication and collaboration app created by Wire Swiss. It is available for iOS, Android, Windows, macOS, Linux, and web browsers such as Firefox. Wire offers a collaboration suite featuring messenger, voice calls, video calls, conference calls, file-sharing, and external collaboration – all protected by a secure end-to-end-encryption | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
XFS is a high-performance 64-bit journaling file system created by Silicon Graphics, Inc (SGI) in 1993. It was the default file system in SGI's IRIX operating system starting with its version 5. 3 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
YSFlight is a free, open-source multi-platform flight simulator, developed and published by Soji Yamakawa since 1999. Since its initial release, it has received annual updates, with the most recent stable version released in 2018.
History
Development of YSFlight began in 1998 as a solo project by Soji Yamakawa | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Busuu is a language learning platform on web, iOS and Android that allows users to interact with native speakers. In 2021, Chegg acquired Busuu for $436 million.
History
Busuu was founded in May 2008 by Bernhard Niesner and Adrian Hilti | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Berkeley DB (BDB) is an unmaintained embedded database software library for key/value data, historically significant in open source software. Berkeley DB is written in C with API bindings for many other programming languages. BDB stores arbitrary key/data pairs as byte arrays, and supports multiple data items for a single key | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
GraalVM is a Java VM and JDK based on HotSpot/OpenJDK, implemented in Java. It supports additional programming languages and execution modes, like ahead-of-time compilation of Java applications for fast startup and low memory footprint. The first production-ready version, GraalVM 19 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
InnoDB is a storage engine for the database management system MySQL and MariaDB. Since the release of MySQL 5. 5 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
MySQL () is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). Its name is a combination of "My", the name of co-founder Michael Widenius's daughter My, and "SQL", the acronym for Structured Query Language. A relational database organizes data into one or more data tables in which data may be related to each other; these relations help structure the data | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Hellcats over the Pacific is a combat flight simulation game for the Macintosh computer. It was written by Parsoft Interactive and released by Graphic Simulations in 1991. Hellcats was a major release for the Mac platform, one of the first 3D games to be able to drive a 640 x 480 x 8-bit display at reasonable frame rates in an era when the PC clone's VGA at 320 x 240 x 4-bit was the standard | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Hovertank 3D, also known under a variety of other names (Hovertank or Hovertank One), is a vehicular combat game developed by id Software and published by Softdisk in April 1991.
Plot
Hovertank 3D is set during a nuclear war. In Hovertank 3D, the player controls Brick Sledge, a mercenary hired by an unknown organization (referred to by the game as the "UFA") to rescue people from cities under the threat of nuclear attack (largely political activists or scientists), both by the government and by large corporations | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Hoyle's Official Book of Games (or Hoyle Series or Hoyle Games) is a series of games developed and published by Sierra On-Line. Volume 1, released in 1989, featured multi-player card games. Volume 2, released in 1990, featured 28 varieties of Solitaire | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Hugo II, Whodunit? (named Hugo's Mystery Adventure in the Hugo Trilogy re-release) is a parser-based adventure game designed by independent software developer David P. Gray and published as shareware by Gray Design Associates in 1991. It is the sequel to 1990's Hugo's House of Horrors, and it was followed by Hugo III, Jungle of Doom! in 1992 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Joe & Mac, also known as Caveman Ninja and Caveman Ninja: Joe & Mac, is a 1991 platform game released for arcades by Data East. It was later adapted for the Super NES, Mega Drive/Genesis, Nintendo Entertainment System, Game Boy, Amiga, Zeebo, Nintendo Switch, and PC.
Gameplay
The game stars the green-haired Joe and the blue-haired Mac, cavemen who battle through numerous prehistoric levels using weapons such as boomerangs, bones, fire, flints, electricity, stone wheels, and clubs | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Jones in the Fast Lane is a social simulation game for MS-DOS compatible operating systems. It was developed and published by Sierra Entertainment in 1991. Using a board game motif, the objective is to attain certain amounts of money, happiness, status, and education | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Kid Icarus: Of Myths and Monsters is a platform game for the Game Boy developed by Nintendo Research & Development 1 and Tose, and published by Nintendo. It is a sequel to Kid Icarus (1986) for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was released in North America on November 5, 1991, and in Europe on May 21, 1992 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The King of Kings: The Early Years, often shorted to The King of Kings, is an unlicensed Christian Platforming NES game published in 1991 by Wisdom Tree, the creators of Bible Adventures.
Gameplay
Gameplay was split into three games, each illustrating a Bible story relating to the early years of Jesus. In all the games the health points are measured by scrolls, and more scrolls can be earned by answering trivia questions about the King James Version of the Bible | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Langrisser (ラングリッサー), known as Warsong in North America, is a tactical role-playing game developed by Nippon Computer Systems (NCS). The first in the Langrisser series, it blended tactical warfare with RPG elements, similar to the Fire Emblem series. It was initially released for the Mega Drive/Genesis console and the PC Engine (in Super CD-ROM² format), the former version being published by Treco in America | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Lost Admiral Returns is a turn-based naval strategy game by Fogstone, the creator of The Grandest Fleet, Lost Admiral 2, Lost Admiral, and Conquered Kingdoms. The game has game play similar to rock paper scissors, except with ships
Gameplay
The gameplay is very similar to chess, but with a much larger map, a wider variety of units, and a greater level of detail. Combat uses a rock/paper/scissors system to determine outcomes | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Martian Memorandum is a dystopian cyberpunk/noir graphic adventure game that was originally released in 1991 for MS-DOS. It was developed and published by Access Software. The game is the second in the series of Tex Murphy mysteries; its immediate sequel is Under a Killing Moon | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Metal Slader Glory is an adventure game developed and published by HAL Laboratory for the Famicom in 1991. The game is set in 2062 after humans have colonized the Moon and established several space stations. Earth-based mechanic Tadashi and his girlfriend discover a mech from a war eight years past with an ominous message stored in its memory suggesting Earth is in danger | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Ballistite is a smokeless propellant made from two high explosives, nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine. It was developed and patented by Alfred Nobel in the late 19th century.
Military adoption
Alfred Nobel patented Ballistite in 1887 while he was living in Paris | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A black powder substitute is a replacement for black powder used in muzzleloading and cartridge firearms. Black powder substitutes offer a number of advantages over black powder, primarily including reduced sensitivity as an explosive and increased efficiency as a propellant powder.
Types
Hodgdon's Pyrodex was the first widely available substitute on the market | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Cordite is a family of smokeless propellants developed and produced in Britain since 1889 to replace black powder as a military firearm propellant. Like modern gunpowder, cordite is classified as a low explosive because of its slow burning rates and consequently low brisance. These produce a subsonic deflagration wave rather than the supersonic detonation wave produced by brisants, or high explosives | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Firearm propellants are the chemical substances used to rapidly generate gas causing a pressure difference accelerating a bullet through the barrel of a firearm. Mixtures of different chemical substances are often used to control the rate of gas release, or prevent decomposition of the propellant prior to use. Many propellants use exothermic reactions to generate gaseous carbon monoxide, nitrogen and steam while raising temperatures to increase pressure | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Gunpowder, also commonly known as black powder to distinguish it from modern smokeless powder, is the earliest known chemical explosive. It consists of a mixture of sulfur, carbon (in the form of charcoal) and potassium nitrate (saltpeter). The sulfur and carbon act as fuels while the saltpeter is an oxidizer | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
IMR Legendary Powders is a line of smokeless powders which are popularly used in sporting and military/police firearm cartridges. The initials 'IMR' stand for Improved Military Rifle powder. IMR powders makes a line of various types of smokeless powder suitable for loading many cartridges for rifles, handguns, and shotguns | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Nitrocellulose (also known as cellulose nitrate, flash paper, flash cotton, guncotton, pyroxylin and flash string, depending on form) is a highly flammable compound formed by nitrating cellulose through exposure to a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. One of its first major uses was as guncotton, a replacement for gunpowder as propellant in firearms. It was also used to replace gunpowder as a low-order explosive in mining and other applications | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Smokeless powder is a type of propellant used in firearms and artillery that produces less smoke and less fouling when fired compared to gunpowder ("black powder"). The combustion products are mainly gaseous, compared to around 55% solid products (mostly potassium carbonate, potassium sulfate, and potassium sulfide) for black powder. In addition, smokeless powder does not leave the thick, heavy fouling of hygroscopic material associated with black powder that causes rusting of the barrel | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Bedil is a term from Maritime Southeast Asia which refers to various types of firearms and gunpowder weapons, from small pistols to large siege guns. The term bedil comes from wedil (or wediyal) and wediluppu (or wediyuppu) in the Tamil language. In their original form, these words refer to gunpowder blast and saltpeter, respectively | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The bullet catch is a stage magic illusion in which a magician appears to catch a bullet fired directly at them — often in the mouth, sometimes in the hand or sometimes caught with other items such as a dinner plate. The bullet catch may also be referred to as the bullet trick, defying the bullets or occasionally the gun trick.
In performance
The trick usually involves a gun which is loaded and operated by someone with a knowledge of firearms to demonstrate that no deception is being used | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A cane gun is a walking cane with a hidden gun built into it. Cane guns are sometimes mistaken for similar looking "poacher's guns".
These are usually a more portable and more easily concealed version of conventional sporting guns, commonly a single or double-barreled shotgun, based on the relatively affordable Belgian Leclercq action | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A captive bolt pistol (also known as a captive bolt gun, a cattle gun, a stun bolt gun, a bolt gun, a stun gun and a stunner) is a device used for stunning animals prior to slaughter.
The goal of captive bolt stunning is to inflict a forceful strike on the forehead with the bolt in order to induce unconsciousness. For the non-penetrating bolt gun variation, the bolt may or may not destroy part of the brain, while brain tissue is always destroyed with the penetrating bolt gun | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Carrier tilt is a wear issue that can arise in some gas piston-based firearm operating systems. High pressure gas pushes the gas piston back hitting the bolt carrier. This force pushes the bolt carrier down into the buffer tube wall | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A combination weapon is a close-quarters gun hybrid combining the features of both a firearm and an edged melee weapon. Examples of gun hybrids include knife/pistols and pistol/sword combinations.
History
According to the book Weaponry: An Illustrated History, by Chuck Wills, between the late 16th century and the advances in repeating firearms in the mid 19th century, blades or clubs were often fitted onto guns, because only one shot could be fired from the gun | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A dart gun is an air rifle that fires a dart. The dart is tipped with a hypodermic needle and filled with a sedative, vaccine, or antibiotic. A dart gun containing a sedative is called a tranquillizer gun (also spelled tranquilizer gun, tranquilliser gun or tranquiliser gun), derived from the word "tranquil", which means "calm" | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The finger gun is a hand gesture in which a person uses their hand to mimic a handgun, raising their thumb above their fist to act as a hammer, and one or two fingers extended perpendicular to it acting as a barrel. The middle finger can also act as the trigger finger or part of the barrel itself. Also, an optional clicking of the fingers or making firing sounds with the mouth can be included when forming the "gun" as to emphasise the gesture | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A firearm malfunction is the failure of a firearm to operate as intended for causes other than user error. Malfunctions range from temporary and relatively safe situations, such as a casing that did not eject, to potentially dangerous occurrences that may permanently damage the gun and cause injury or death. Improper handling of certain types of malfunctions can be very dangerous | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A gun rack, also known as a firearm rack, rifle rack, or arm rack, is a rack used for storing firearms such as long guns and handguns. They can be used for regular storage or display.
Gun racks are often designed to hold a gun pointing up, with its stock or grip touching the bottom of the rack | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A forced reset trigger (or "hard reset" trigger) is a device that allows a semi-automatic firearm to fire at an increased rate. The forced reset trigger works by mechanically resetting the trigger's position after a shot is fired. This allows for an increased rate of fire | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A gun is a device or ranged weapon designed to propel a projectile using pressure or explosive force. The projectiles are typically solid, but can also be pressurized liquid (e. g | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Gun control, or firearms regulation, is the set of laws or policies that regulate the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, modification, or use of firearms by civilians. Most countries have relatively restrictive firearms laws, with only a few being categorized as permissive. Jurisdictions that regulate private access to firearms typically first restrict ownership of certain categories of firearms, and may then make further restrictions of the categories of persons who may be granted a license to own or carry | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Gun laws and policies, collectively referred to as firearms regulation or gun control, regulate the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, modification, and use of small arms by civilians. Laws of some countries may afford civilians a right to keep and bear arms, and have more liberal gun laws than neighboring jurisdictions. Countries that regulate access to firearms will typically restrict access to certain categories of firearms and then restrict the categories of persons who may be granted a license for access to such firearms | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A gunfire locator or gunshot detection system is a system that detects and conveys the location of gunfire or other weapon fire using acoustic, vibration, optical, or potentially other types of sensors, as well as a combination of such sensors. These systems are used by law enforcement, security, military, government offices, schools and businesses to identify the source and, in some cases, the direction of gunfire and/or the type of weapon fired. Most systems possess three main components:
An array of microphones or sensors (accelerometers, infrared detectors, etc) either co-located or geographically dispersed
A processing unit
A user-interface that displays gunfire alertsIn general categories, there are environmental packaged systems for primarily outdoor use (both military and civilian/urban) which are high cost and then also lower cost consumer/industrial packaged systems for primarily indoor use | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A gunshot is a single discharge of a gun, typically a man-portable firearm, producing a visible flash, a powerful and loud shockwave and often chemical gunshot residue. The term can also refer to a ballistic wound caused by such a discharge.
Multiple discharges of one or more firearms are referred to as gunfire | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Internet Movie Firearms Database (IMFDb) is an online database of firearms used or featured in films, television shows, video games, and anime. A wiki running the MediaWiki software, it is similar in function (although unaffiliated) to the Internet Movie Database for the entertainment industry. It includes articles relating to actors, and some characters, such as James Bond, listing the particular firearms they have been associated with in their movies | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Length of pull (sometimes abbreviated as LOP) is the distance from the trigger to the part of a rifle or shotgun which fits against the shoulder of the shooter. Length of pull is an important ergonomic factor for ease of use; and optimum length of pull may vary with the size of the shooter, the thickness of chest clothing and body armor being worn, and whether the shooter is firing from a standing, sitting, or prone position.
Variation
Many rifles and shotguns are manufactured with a standard length of pull assumed to fit most shooters | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A location-based firearm is a gun that uses electronic technologies such as geofencing to restrict its firing to authorized locations, thereby allowing its use for protecting life and property in those locations while preventing its use in other locations for crimes such as robberies, drive-by shootings, assassinations, and massacres.
History
The first locationized gun was invented by John Martin in 1984. Although locationized guns could prevent much crime and accompanying deaths and injuries, they have not been commercially developed | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In firearms, the mainspring is a spring in the firing mechanism which stores the energy required to ignite the primer of the cartridge. The mainspring may be called a striker spring on striker-fired firearms, or hammer spring on hammer-fired firearms. After the trigger mechanism has been released, the tensioned mainspring will drive the firing pin or hit the firing pin so that it is driven | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
NATO EPVAT testing is one of the three recognized classes of procedures used in the world to control the safety and quality of firearms ammunition.
Beside this, there are also the Commission internationale permanente pour l'épreuve des armes à feu portatives (C. I | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Personal defense weapons (PDWs) are a class of compact, magazine-fed, submachine gun-like firearms designed to fire rifle-like cartridges. Most PDWs fire a small-caliber (generally less than 8 millimetres or 0. 31 inches in diameter), high-velocity centerfire bottleneck cartridge resembling a scaled-down intermediate rifle cartridge, essentially making them an "in-between" hybrid between a submachine gun and a carbine | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A prop gun is a gun or gun replica that is used primarily by movie and television productions or in theatre performances. As a prop, these guns can be divided into non-firing guns (replicas) and firing guns (firearms). Firearms are subject to restriction by law and safety regulations in use, due to their inherent danger | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Ruby is a demon on The CW Television Network's Supernatural portrayed mainly by actresses Katie Cassidy and Genevieve Cortese. Created by the writers to expand on the characterization of demons within the series, she first appears in the third season, wherein she assists series protagonists Sam and Dean Winchester in fighting her fellow demons. By the fourth season, she has won Sam's trust and begins training him to kill demons with his psychic powers, though Dean remains fearful of ulterior motives | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Adora, known by her alter-ego She-Ra, is a fictional superheroine in the Masters of the Universe franchise. She is introduced as the protagonist of the 1985 Filmation series She-Ra: Princess of Power and again appears in the 2018 reboot She-Ra and the Princesses of Power. A series of toys under her name was produced by Mattel in 1984 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The T-X (referred to as the Terminatrix in some appearances until other terminatrix (female terminators) appeared) is the name of a fictional cyborg assassin who appears in the Terminator franchise. The T-X model is a gynoid assassin and infiltrator. The character was introduced as the main antagonist in the 2003 film Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines, portrayed by Kristanna Loken | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In the Terminator film series, a Terminator is an autonomous cyborg, typically humanoid, originally conceived as a virtually indestructible soldier, infiltrator, and assassin.
James Cameron introduced the first Terminator character in the 1984 film The Terminator, featuring a single cyborg simply called "The Terminator" or "Cyberdyne Systems Model 101", portrayed by Arnold Schwarzenegger.
Characteristics
In the Terminator multiverse, a Terminator is a cyborg assassin and soldier, designed for infiltration and combat duty, used by the military supercomputer Skynet toward the ultimate goal of exterminating the Human Resistance | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A vulnerable adult is defined as an individual age 18 or older who has the functional, mental, or physical inability to care for themselves. It can also refer to one who is unable to protect themselves against significant harm or exploitation. A vulnerable adult is one that has a substantial mental or functional impairment | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In English law, an appropriate adult is a parent, guardian or social worker; or if no person matching this is available, any responsible person over 18. The term was introduced as part of the policing reforms in the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 and applies in England and Wales. In England and Wales, an appropriate adult must be called by police whenever they detain or interview a child (under the age of 18) or vulnerable adult | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Bethany Christian Trust is a Scottish charity based in Edinburgh focusing on homeless and vulnerable people.
The charity was established in 1983 by Rev Alan Berry, then a minister in Leith, Edinburgh, in response to the homeless and vulnerable people he encountered daily.
Bethany Christian Trust runs programs both on the street and in dedicated buildings | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
On October 18. 2017, President Trump signed into law the Elder Abuse Prevention and Prosecution Act of 2017 (P. L | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Familial homicide is a form of homicide recognised in England and Wales by the Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004 and carries a prison sentence of up to 14 years.
The Act closes a legal loophole that allows those jointly accused of the murder of a child or vulnerable adult to avoid prosecution by remaining silent or blaming each other; it puts a clear legal responsibility on adults who have frequent contact with a child or vulnerable adult to take reasonable steps of protection if they knew or should have known the child or vulnerable adult was at significant risk of serious physical harm from members of that household.
Cases and convictions
On Friday, 15 December 2006, Rebecca Lewis was sentenced to six years imprisonment for failing to prevent the murder of her 13-month-old son by her boyfriend in Wales | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Hague Protection of Adults Convention, formally the Convention on the International Protection of Adults, is a convention concluded by the Hague Conference on Private International Law in 2000. The convention entered into force in 2009 and currently applies in ten states. The convention is aimed at the protection of vulnerable adults, persons who are "by reason of an impairment or insufficiency of their personal faculties, are not in a position to protect their interests" | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
No Secrets, also known coequally as Adult Safeguarding, was a UK Government publication from the Department of Health which provided guidance on developing and implementing multi-agency policies and procedures to protect adults deemed "at risk" from harm and/or abuse. Its full title was "No secrets: guidance on developing and implementing multi-agency policies and procedures to protect vulnerable adults from abuse". It has now been replaced by statutory guidance issued under the Care Act 2014 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Trans-European Drug Information (TEDI) project is a European database compiling information from different drug checking services located on the European continent. The non-governmental organizations feeding into the database are referred to as the TEDI network.
History
The first drug checking service in Europe opened in 1986 in Amsterdam, allowing drug users to analyze the chemical composition of illicit substances that they consume | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A vulnerable species is a species which has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as being threatened with extinction unless the circumstances that are threatening its survival and reproduction improve.
Vulnerability is mainly caused by habitat loss or destruction of the species' home. Vulnerable habitat or species are monitored and can become increasingly threatened | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The southern maned sloth (Bradypus crinitus) is a three-toed sloth species.
Description
The southern maned sloths have flatter skulls, rounder jaws, and wider cheekbones than the northern maned sloths. The species has a head that looks like a coconut | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) is an organization in the field of parenteral and enteral nutrition and promotes basic and clinical research, basic and advanced education, organization of consensus statements about clinical care and care quality control.
In 1979 an informal meeting laid the foundations of ESPEN, deciding to create a multidisciplinary society devoted to the study of metabolic problems associated with acute diseases and their nutritional implications and management. ESPEN was formally established in 1980 as the European Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The National Board of Physician Nutrition Specialists (NBPNS) is a nonprofit organization that certifies physicians practicing nutrition medicine. Established in 1997, NBPNS maintains credentialing standards, examination assessments, and offers certification for physician nutrition specialists. Eligibility requires completion of a recognized nutrition fellowship program, sufficient continuing medical education (CME), or comparable training | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Astronauts hold a variety of ranks and positions. Each of these roles carries responsibilities that are essential to the operation of a spacecraft. A spacecraft's cockpit, filled with sophisticated equipment, requires skills differing from those used to manage the scientific equipment on board, and so on | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A meteor air burst is a type of air burst in which a meteor explodes after entering a planetary body's atmosphere. This fate leads them to be called fireballs or bolides, with the brightest air bursts known as superbolides. Such meteoroids were originally asteroids and comets of a few to several tens of meters in diameter | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
This comparison of orbital launch systems lists the attributes of all individual rocket configurations designed to reach orbit. A first list contains rockets that are operational or in development as of 2022; a second list includes all retired rockets. For the simple list of all conventional launcher families, see: Comparison of orbital launchers families | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The following outline is provided as an overview and topical guide to space science:
Space science encompasses all of the scientific disciplines that involve space exploration and study natural phenomena and physical bodies occurring in outer space, such as space medicine and astrobiology.
Branches of space sciences
Astronomy
See astronomical object for a list of specific types of entities which scientists study. See Earth's location in the universe for an orientation | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An astronomical object, celestial object, stellar object or heavenly body is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists within the observable universe. In astronomy, the terms object and body are often used interchangeably. However, an astronomical body or celestial body is a single, tightly bound, contiguous entity, while an astronomical or celestial object is a complex, less cohesively bound structure, which may consist of multiple bodies or even other objects with substructures | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A comet is an icy, small Solar System body that warms and begins to release gases when passing close to the Sun, a process called outgassing. This produces an extended, gravitationally unbound atmosphere or coma surrounding the nucleus, and sometimes a tail of gas and dust gas blown out from the coma. These phenomena are due to the effects of solar radiation and the outstreaming solar wind plasma acting upon the nucleus of the comet | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The poles of astronomical bodies are determined based on their axis of rotation in relation to the celestial poles of the celestial sphere. Astronomical bodies include stars, planets, dwarf planets and small Solar System bodies such as comets and minor planets (e. g | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Cosmic dust – also called extraterrestrial dust, space dust, or star dust – is dust that occurs in outer space or has fallen onto Earth. Most cosmic dust particles measure between a few molecules and 0. 1 mm (100 μm), such as micrometeoroids | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
ASTERISC (Advanced Satellite Toward Exploration of dust enviRonment with In-Situ Cosmic dust sensor) is a nanosatellite developed by the Planetary Exploration Research Center (PERC) at the Chiba Institute of Technology that will observe cosmic dust in low Earth orbit. It is built as 3U-sized CubeSat and will deploy a large membrane structure in space. ASTERISC was launched on 9 November 2021 by an Epsilon launch vehicle | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Comet dust refers to cosmic dust that originates from a comet. Comet dust can provide clues to comets' origin. When the Earth passes through a comet dust trail, it can produce a meteor shower | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Cosmic wind is a powerful cosmic stream of charged particles that can push interstellar dust clouds of low density into intergalactic space. Although it easily pushes low density gas and dust clouds, it cannot easily push high density clouds. As the cosmic winds start to push the clouds, they start to separate and start looking like taffy being pulled apart | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A dark nebula or absorption nebula is a type of interstellar cloud, particularly molecular clouds, that is so dense that it obscures the visible wavelengths of light from objects behind it, such as background stars and emission or reflection nebulae. The extinction of the light is caused by interstellar dust grains located in the coldest, densest parts of molecular clouds. Clusters and large complexes of dark nebulae are associated with Giant Molecular Clouds | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Diseases from Space is a book published in 1979 that was authored by astronomers Fred Hoyle and Chandra Wickramasinghe, where they propose that many of the most common diseases which afflict humanity, such as influenza, the common cold and whooping cough, have their origins in extraterrestrial sources. The two authors argue the case for outer space being the main source for these pathogens or at least their causative agents. The claim connecting terrestrial disease and extraterrestrial pathogens was rejected by the scientific community | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A dust lane consists of relatively dense, obscuring clouds of interstellar dust, observed as a dark swath against the background of brighter object(s), especially a galaxy. These dust lanes can usually be seen in spiral galaxies, such as the Milky Way, when viewed from the edge. Due to the dense and relatively thick nature of this dust, light from the galaxy is reduced by several magnitudes | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An evaporating gas globule (EGG) is a region of hydrogen gas in outer space approximately 100 astronomical units in size, such that gases shaded by it are shielded from ionizing UV rays. Dense areas of gas shielded by an evaporating gas globule can be conducive to the birth of stars. Evaporating gas globules were first conclusively identified via photographs of the Pillars of Creation in the Eagle Nebula taken by the Hubble Space Telescope in 1995 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Exozodiacal dust is 1–100 micrometre-sized grains of amorphous carbon and silicate dust that fill the plane of extrasolar planetary systems. It is the exoplanetary analog of zodiacal dust, the 1–100 micrometre-sized dust grains observed in the solar system, especially interior to the asteroid belt. As with the zodiacal dust, these grains are probably produced by outgassing comets, as well as by collisions among bigger parent bodies like asteroids | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Intergalactic dust is cosmic dust in between galaxies in intergalactic space. Evidence for intergalactic dust has been suggested as early as 1949, and study of it grew throughout the late 20th century. There are large variations in the distribution of intergalactic dust | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The interplanetary dust cloud, or zodiacal cloud (as the source of the zodiacal light), consists of cosmic dust (small particles floating in outer space) that pervades the space between planets within planetary systems, such as the Solar System. This system of particles has been studied for many years in order to understand its nature, origin, and relationship to larger bodies. There are several methods to obtain space dust measurement | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An interstellar cloud is generally an accumulation of gas, plasma, and dust in our and other galaxies. Put differently, an interstellar cloud is a denser-than-average region of the interstellar medium, the matter and radiation that exists in the space between the star systems in a galaxy. Depending on the density, size, and temperature of a given cloud, its hydrogen can be neutral, making an H I region; ionized, or plasma making it an H II region; or molecular, which are referred to simply as molecular clouds, or sometime dense clouds | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A micrometeoroid is a tiny meteoroid: a small particle of rock in space, usually weighing less than a gram. A micrometeorite is such a particle that survives passage through Earth's atmosphere and reaches Earth's surface.
The term "micrometeoroid" was officially deprecated by the IAU in 2017, as redundant to meteoroid | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
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