publicationDate stringlengths 10 10 | abstract stringlengths 0 37.3k | title stringlengths 1 5.74k | doi stringlengths 11 47 ⌀ |
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2003-04-01 | The Cu(I)-phenolate complexes ^1LCu and ^2LCu and the Cu(I)-phenol complex [H^2LCu(CNC_6H_3Me_2)]BArF_4 were prepared and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography, where ^1L^− and ^2L^− are ligands comprised of a 2,4-di- tert -butylphenolate linked to 1-isopropyl-1,5-diazacyclooctane or 1,4-diisopropyl-1,4,7... | Copper(I)-phenolate complexes as models of the reduced active site of galactose oxidase: synthesis, characterization, and O_2 reactivity | 10.1007/s00775-002-0420-9 |
2003-04-01 | The direct determination of element signatures in polar ice core samples from Greenland by laser ablation with subsequent inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis has been investigated. A cryogenic sample chamber enables the element determination in ice directly from the solid (frozen) state. A procedure w... | Application of LA–ICP–MS in polar ice core studies | 10.1007/s00216-003-1793-5 |
2003-03-01 | The viability of 250 basidiomycete strains was determined after a 2-d and then after a 2-year storage under liquid nitrogen using two different freezing protocols. Using an original agar plug protocol (OP), 162 strains (65%) of the 250 strains survived a 2-d storage and 158 strains (63 %) survived a 2-year storage in l... | Viability of basidiomycete strains after cryopreservation: Comparison of two different freezing protocols | 10.1007/BF02930959 |
2003-03-01 | The successful separation of 2- and 3-methyl-substituted positional isomers of butanol, butyl acetate, and butanoic acid and its ethyl ester, is reported. These compounds are of interest in the study of wine flavour, however the separation of the 2- and 3-methyl isomers may present problems, and more so in the presence... | Separation of positional isomers by the use of coupled shape-selective stationary phase columns | 10.1007/s00216-003-1768-6 |
2003-01-01 | Comparative Analysis of Versions of Operation of Units for Obtaining Ultrahigh-Purity Cryogenic Products | 10.1023/A:1023706911407 | |
2003-01-01 | The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is developing a continuous hydrogen sorption cryocooler for the ESA Planck mission, which will measure the anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background. The sorption cooler is the only active cooling for one of the instruments and it is the first of a chain of three coolers for the ... | Initial Test Performance of a Close-Cycle Cotinuos Hydroge Sorption Cooler, the Planck Sorption Breadboard Cooler | 10.1007/0-306-47919-2_84 |
2003-01-01 | LIRIS is a near-infrared (0.9–2.4 microns) intermediate resolution spectrograph (R = 1000 − 4000) with added capabilities for multi-object, imaging, coronography, and polarimetry. This instrument is now being assembled and integrated at the IAC, and upon verification will be installed on the 4.2 m William Herschel Tel... | LIRIS a New Near Infrared Spectrograph for the WHT: Project Status | 10.1007/978-94-017-1778-6_95 |
2003-01-01 | An experimental search for ^5H using a secondary beam of ^6He was performed. The transfer reaction p(^6He,^2He)^5H was studied by detecting two protons emitted from the decay of ^2He. A peak consistent with the ^5H resonance at 1.7±0.3 MeV above the n + n + t threshold was observed, with a width of 1.9±0.4 MeV. The ang... | Superheavy hydrogen ^5H | 10.1007/978-3-642-55560-2_73 |
2003-01-01 | Modern electro-optic applications often contain a cryogenically cooled infrared imager placed upon a stabilized platform which is further connected to an outer housing by low-friction gimbals. Since the active system of gimbal stabilization is dedicated primarily to maintaining the steady line-of-sight control by elimi... | A Thermally Conductive and Vibration Protective Interface for Linear Cryogenic Coolers in Applications for Gimbaled Infrared Devices | 10.1007/0-306-47919-2_94 |
2003-01-01 | A continuous improvement of Stirling integral coolers MTTF is necessary to answer the new market requirements. The time spent in the design phase is critical to get the product ready at the right time and to reduce the development costs. In order to reduce the development risks (be sure to get in the new design at a hi... | MTTF Prediction in Design Phase on Thales Cryogenics Integral Coolers | 10.1007/0-306-47919-2_13 |
2003-01-01 | Trans -resveratrol, found in wine, grapes, peanuts, soy and tea, is one constituent of the polyphenol class which is reported to be beneficial to animal health. The analysis of trans -resveratrol may be accomplished by use of solid-phase microextraction (SPME), with on-fibre derivatization in order to improve the subse... | Solid-phase microextraction—On-fibre derivatization with comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography analysis oftrans-resveratrol in wine | 10.1007/BF02492127 |
2003-01-01 | The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Space Vehicles Directorate is actively pursuing cryocooler and cryogenic integration research to support technology needs for the Air Force, the Missile Defense Agency (MDA, formerly the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization), and the Department of Defense (DoD). This paper pre... | Air Force Research Laboratory Space Cryogenic Technology Research Initiatives | 10.1007/0-306-47919-2_2 |
2003-01-01 | This study presents a state-of-the-art summary of the applications of low temperatures and cryogenics to clinical situations and underlying principles. The effects of low temperature on mammalian systems in the absence of ice are explained together with the effects of hypothermia. Low-temperature storage of tissues and... | Low Temperature and Cryogenic Applications in Medicine and Surgery | 10.1007/978-94-010-0099-4_17 |
2003-01-01 | Hydrogen sorption cryocoolers are being developed for the European Space Agency Planck mission to provide nominal 19 K cooling to instruments for measuring the temperature anisotropy ofthe cosmic microwave background with extreme sensitivity and resolution. The behavior of the metal hydride sorbent beds used in the com... | Evaluation of Hydride Compressor Elements for the Planck Sorption Cryocooler | 10.1007/0-306-47919-2_83 |
2002-12-01 | SRFQ2 is the second RFQ superconducting (SC) structure of PIAVE, the positive ion injector of the SC LINAC for heavy ions ALPI, in operation at Legnaro. During 2001, SRFQ2 was extensively tested at cryogenic temperature reaching its design performance, i.e., 280 kV inter-electrode voltage (equivalent to 25 MV/m peak su... | Cryogenic, superconducting and rf results of the SRFQ2 of PIAVE | 10.1007/s12043-002-0146-9 |
2002-11-01 | A superconducting linear accelerator (LINAC) to boost the energy of the heavy ion beams from the 14 UD pelletron accelerator at Mumbai is under development. The booster is based on quarter wave resonators (QWR) coated with lead which is superconducting at liquid helium temperature. The operating frequency is 150 MHz. F... | Development of a superconducting LINAC booster for the pelletron at mumbai | 10.1007/s12043-002-0095-3 |
2002-10-01 | The effect of cryogenic treatments on 7075 aluminum alloy | 10.1361/105994902770343683 | |
2002-09-01 | Cryogenic Engineering for Fast Freezing of Foodstuffs | 10.1023/A:1022076907594 | |
2002-09-01 | Stages of Development of Cryogenic Systems for Space Rocket Technology | 10.1023/A:1022024923524 | |
2002-08-01 | Xinetics is working with NASA to develop a cryogenic deformable mirror technology to meet the specific needs of the Next Generation Space Telescope. One of the critical technical issues is the development of a cryogenic actuator with sufficient displacement and temperature stability. This paper discusses the two year e... | Cryogenic Cofired Multilayer Actuator Development for a Deformable Mirror in the Next Generation Space Telescope | 10.1023/A:1020551812502 |
2002-06-01 | A simple method combining slurry sampling after cryogenic grinding and the use of a permanent modification of the integrated platform inside the transversely heated graphite atomizer (THGA) was proposed for the determination of Cd and Pb in foods. Potentialities of the cryogenic grinding were evaluated for grinding dif... | Determination of Cd and Pb in food slurries by GFAAS using cryogenic grinding for sample preparation | 10.1007/s00216-002-1296-9 |
2002-06-01 | Cryogenic X-ray crystallography has heen applied to investigate thehydration structures of proteins. The amount of hydration water moleculesidentified at cryogenic temperature is more than twice those at ambienttemperature, and the structural models of proteins with a lot of hydrationwater molecules have provided much ... | Structural Characteristics in Protein Hydration Investigated by Cryogenic X-ray Crystal Structure Analyses | 10.1023/A:1019982220615 |
2002-05-01 | Cryogenic oven-trapping (COT) with capillary GC has been successfully applied to analysis of chloroform, dichloromethane, trichloroethylene, diethyl ether, the components of solvent thinner (ethyl acetate, benzene, n -butanol, toluene, and others), xylene isomers, cyanide, ethanol, hexanes, general anesthetics, and sty... | Cryogenic oven-trapping gas chromatography for analysis of volatile organic compounds in body fluids | 10.1007/s00216-002-1240-z |
2002-05-01 | Inspection of the condition of the foundations of buildings and structures erected and occupied in the cryolithic zone (Noril'sk, Dudinka) has exposed laws governing strength reduction and failure of the concretes placed in the foundations. Recommendations are presented for the failsafe service of buildings and for the... | Cryogenic Destruction of Construction Materials in Foundations of Buildings Erected in the Permafrost Zone | 10.1023/A:1020372002621 |
2002-04-01 | A revised version of the Griffin & Holland ideal semiconductor bolometer model is presented and its use in determining bolometer properties and parameters from experimental load curve measurements is discussed. We show that degeneracy between some bolometer parameters can only be broken by model fitting a family of loa... | Thermal Modelling and Characterisation of Semiconductor Bolometers | 10.1023/A:1015705826900 |
2002-04-01 | We describe techniques for testing and characterising semiconductor bolometers, using the bolometer model presented in Sudiwala et. al. [1]. The procedures are illustrated with results from a prototype bolometer for the high frequency instrument (HFI) in the Planck Surveyor cosmic microwave background mission. This is ... | High Precision Characterisation of Semiconductor Bolometers | 10.1023/A:1015757810970 |
2002-04-01 | Thermal detectors are introduced and their possible impact on neutrinoless double-beta-decay (2β0ν) search is discussed. The thermal experiment MIBETA is described, reporting the up-to-date limits on ^130Te and ^128Te. A new generation experiment, consisting in a large expansion of MIBETA and known as CUORE, is present... | Present and Future Cryogenic Experiments on Double-Beta Decay | 10.1023/A:1015361411086 |
2002-04-01 | The solubilities of solid 1-hexyne in liquid argon at 87.3 and in liquid nitrogen at 77.4 K have been measured by the filtration method. The hydrocarbon contents in solutions were determined using gas chromatography. GC–MS was used to identify impurities in 1-hexyne. The experimental value of the mole fraction solubili... | Solubility of Solid 1-Hexyne in Liquid Argon and Nitrogen at the Standard Boiling Points of the Solvents | 10.1023/A:1015825102964 |
2002-03-01 | Headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS SPME), comprehensive two-dimensional GC (GC×GC), and flame ionization detection (FID) have been examined for their suitability and compatibility for rapid sampling, separation, and detection of garlic flavour volatiles. This approach (HS-SPME-GC×GC-FID) is distinctly superior ... | Application of solid-phase micro-extraction and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) for flavour analysis | 10.1007/BF02491673 |
2002-02-01 | Amplification properties of continuous VUV emission of cooled discharge in mixtures of heavy inert gases are studied experimentally. The discharge current is 10–50 mA, the pressure is 100 GPa. Results pointing to amplification near the resonance line of xenon λ=146.96 nm are obtained. The amplification coefficient is m... | Stimulated emission of inert gas mixtures in the VUV range | 10.1134/1.1454046 |
2002-01-01 | The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Space Vehicles Directorate has been the lead Department of Defense (DoD) agency for the development of low capacity cryogenic refrigerators and integration technologies for space applications since the late 1980s. High capacity cryocoolers and long term (>20 years) on orbit pro... | Advanced Cryogenic Integration and Cooling Technology for Space-Based Long Term Cryogen Storage | 10.1007/0-306-47112-4_91 |
2002-01-01 | This paper provides an overview of the cryogenic development activities carried out over the past 25 years by the Special Research & Development Bureau for Cryogenic Technologies (SR&DB) in the Ukraine. The SR&DB is a part of the Scientific and Technical Complex and Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering... | Development of Cryogenic Cooling Systems at the SR&DB in the Ukraine | 10.1007/0-306-47090-X_5 |
2002-01-01 | In order to reduce wheel adhesion and improve the quality of ground surface, the ELID (electrolytic in-process dressing) grinding and cryogenic ELID grinding for grinding TC4 was developed. The various factors affecting the ground surface integrity were studied. The grinding forces were measured, grinding chips and the... | Finish Surface Grinding of Titanium Alloys | 10.1007/0-306-47000-4_94 |
2002-01-01 | The present work concentrates on the measurement of the thermal resistance of a copper/Kapton MT/copper junction, in a flat-plate geometry, at cryogenic temperatures. Kapton MT is a polyimide film with alumina filler particles and has a relatively low thermal resistance, but yet a high voltage standoff capability. The ... | Thermal Resistance Across the Interstitial Material Kapton MT at Cryogenic Temperatures | 10.1007/0-306-47090-X_88 |
2002-01-01 | A simulation program for viscous compressible flow has been developed to study the details of fluid motion and gas dynamics inside a pulse tube refrigerator. Axisymmetric two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are solved numerically. Simulation results inside of a basic-type pulse tube refrigerator have been reported ... | Numerical Study of Gas Dynamics Inside of a Pulse Tube Refrigerator | 10.1007/0-306-47112-4_46 |
2002-01-01 | NIST has published at least two references compiling cryogenic material properties. These include the Handbook on Materials for Superconducting Machinery and the LNG Materials & Fluids. Neither has been updated since 1977 and are currently out of print. While there is a great deal of published data on cryogenic materia... | Cryogenic Material Properties Database | 10.1007/0-306-47112-4_84 |
2002-01-01 | The Standard Advanced Dewar Assembly (SADA) is the critical module in the Department of Defense (DOD) standardization effort of second-generation thermal imaging systems. DOD has established a family of SADAs to address high performance (SADA I), mid-to-high performance (SADA II), and compact class (SADA III) systems. ... | Status of Programs for the DoD Family of Linear Drive Cryogenic Coolers for Weapon Systems | 10.1007/0-306-47112-4_2 |
2002-01-01 | This paper presents a cryogenic polishing method. The polishing liquid is frozen to ice polishing mold at first and then it is used to polish optical materials under low temperature. It has been shown by experiment that the polishing efficiency can be improved and super-smooth surface can be obtained. This is a new way... | Cryogenic Polishing Method of Optical Materials | 10.1007/0-306-47000-4_77 |
2002-01-01 | Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) layers showed their perspectives of application in cryogenic electronics [ 1 ]. An aim of the studies presented was to investigate perspectives of their use in the development of mechanical and temperature sensors for operation at cryogenic temperatures. The laser recrystallization represents... | Laser-Recrystallized SOI Layers for Sensor Applications at Cryogenic Temperatures | 10.1007/978-94-010-0339-1_17 |
2002-01-01 | This paper describes BEI’s efforts in producing a one watt pulse tube cooler, the CryoPulse 1000, for commercial applications. The cooler was designed by a computer model which has been validated against various Stirling and pulse tube coolers in the literature.^1–8 The cooler was designed, fabricated and tested. Preli... | Design and Preliminary Testing of BEI’s CryoPulse 1000, the Commercial One Watt Pulse Tube Cooler | 10.1007/0-306-47090-X_21 |
2002-01-01 | The SR&DB in a joint project with the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory and Orbita Ltd. (USA) has developed a concept for a periodically-operating long-life (5 to 10 years) refrigeration system for providing periodic cooling at 5-10 K. The design goal for the system cooling capacity is 0.5 W during 20% of the time. Co... | Long-life 5–10 K Space Cryocooler System with Cold Accumulator | 10.1007/0-306-47090-X_63 |
2002-01-01 | Experimental results on a gaseous hydrogen / liquid oxygen spray flame are compared with a simplified model. The gasification rate, which depends on rates of turbulent mixing and vaporization, has a strong effect on flame structure. The rate-limiting process is vaporization at subcritical pressures and turbulent mixing... | Turbulent Combustion of Sprays under Supercritical Conditions | 10.1007/978-94-017-1998-8_38 |
2002-01-01 | One means of achieving high reliability with cryogenic payloads involving cryocoolers is to incorporate redundancy, either in the form of redundant coolers and/or redundant drive electronics. To access the redundant elements, electrical and/or heat switches must also be incorporated. Although the redundant elements pro... | Cryocooler Reliability and Redundancy Considerations for Long-Life Space Missions | 10.1007/0-306-47112-4_79 |
2002-01-01 | An introduction to gases and the gases industry | 10.1007/0-306-47371-2_1 | |
2002-01-01 | The recent developments of carbonaceous material synthesis have resulted in several new forms of carbon such as carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers, and super-high surface area activated carbons nano-materials. There are speculations that these materials may have extraordinarily high hydrogen storage capacities. In ... | Physical Hydrogen Storage on Nanotubes and Nanocarbon Materials | 10.1007/978-94-010-9598-3_30 |
2002-01-01 | Current space cryocooler developments have achieved performance and capability that have made the use of active refrigeration in space missions feasible. Space flight demonstrations such as the Sandia National Laboratory Cobra Brass and Multispectral Thermal Imager missions, the National Aeronautics and Space Administr... | Military Space Cryogenic Cooling Requirements for the 21st Century | 10.1007/0-306-47112-4_1 |
2002-01-01 | Refrigeration | 10.1007/0-306-47061-6_3 | |
2002-01-01 | A design manual titled “Low Temperature Pulse Tube Coolers”” has been developed for use in a university course on the design of cryogenic machines. It allows students to be involved in the entire design process by using simple mathematical solutions of the rather difficult physical processes that exist in cryogenic gas... | Pulse Tube Modeling as a Means of Teaching the Design of Cryogenic Refrigerators | 10.1007/0-306-47090-X_49 |
2002-01-01 | The thermal contact conductance across an epoxied copper junction loaded with Ag (silver) particles was investigated at cryogenic temperatures. Thermal contact conductance, or its inverse, thermal contact resistance, consists of two components: thermal contact resistance at the copper/Ag-particle epoxy interfaces, and ... | Experimental Results on the Thermal Contact Conductance of Ag-Filled Epoxied Junctions at Cryogenic Temperatures | 10.1007/0-306-47112-4_85 |
2002-01-01 | The SR&DB has adopted the use of cold accumulators in conjunction with a cryocooler as the key means of achieving multi-year life cryogenic cooling systems. The approach involves cyclical operation of the cooler with low duty cycle, while the continuous cryogenic load is supplied by the thermoaccumulator which contains... | Cold Accumulators as a Way to Increase Lifetime and Cryosystem Temperature Range | 10.1007/0-306-47090-X_81 |
2002-01-01 | Wear and internal contamination are two of the primary factors that influence reliable, long-life operation of turbo-Brayton cryocoolers. This paper describes tests that have been conducted and methods that have been developed for turbo-Brayton components and systems to assure reliable operation. The turbomachines used... | Life and Reliability Characteristics of Turbo-Brayton Coolers | 10.1007/0-306-47112-4_62 |
2002-01-01 | This paper presents an overview of the cryogenic refrigerator and cryogenic integration programs in development and characterization under the Cryogenic Technology Group, Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). The vision statement for the group is to support the space community as the c... | Air Force Research Laboratory Cryocooler Technology Development | 10.1007/0-306-47090-X_2 |
2002-01-01 | Plasma-dust structures at cryogenic temperatures | 10.1134/1.1450655 | |
2002-01-01 | We have integrated a 4 K mechanical cryocooler with a three stage ^ 4 He/ ^ 3 He/ ^ 3 He sorption refrigerator to achieve cooling down to 0.25 K. The cryocooler consists of two Gifford-MacMahon stages which cool ^4He to below its inversion temperature for use in a Joule-Thomson expansion stage. This in turn provides co... | Closed-Cycle Cooling of Infrared Detectors to 0.25 K for the Polatron | 10.1007/0-306-47112-4_72 |
2001-12-01 | Phenomena such as flame propagation, flame/spray interaction and flame stabilization during the transient ignition process in a cryogenic model rocket combustor are investigated on sub-millisecond time scale. Diagnostic techniques developed to characterize the stationary spray flame are applied to investigate the trans... | Simultaneous observation of liquid phase distribution and flame front evolution during the ignition transient of a LOX/GH_2-combustor | 10.1007/BF03183899 |
2001-11-01 | High-Strength Stainless Steels with “Microduplex” Structure for Cryogenic Applications | 10.1023/A:1014848905691 | |
2001-10-01 | A simple and sensitive method is presented for determination of styrene, toluene, ethylbenzene, isopropylbenzene and n -propylbenzene in human body fluids by capillary gas chromatography (GC) with cryogenic oven trapping. After heating a blood or urine sample containing each compound and p -diethylbenzene (internal sta... | Sensitive determination of styrene and related compounds in human body fluids by headspace capillary gas chromatography with cryogenic oven trapping | 10.1007/BF02491208 |
2001-09-01 | The solubilities of solid 1-hexene and 2-methylpentane in liquid argon at a temperature of 87.3 K and in liquid nitrogen at 77.4 K have been measured by the filtration method. The hydrocarbon contents in solutions were determined using gas chromatography. The experimental value of the mole fraction solubility of solid ... | Solubility of Solid 1-Hexene and 2-Methylpentane in Liquid Argon and Nitrogen at the Standard Boiling Points of the Solvents | 10.1023/A:1012232131905 |
2001-08-01 | The tensile, impact, and fracture toughness tests from ambient temperature to 77 K were carried out on 32Mn-7Cr-0.6Mo-0.3N austenitic steel. The fracture surfaces and the phase constitution were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. The results show that the relation between yield strength ... | Mechanical properties of 32Mn-7Cr-0.6Mo-0.3N austenitic steel for cryogenic applications | 10.1361/105994901770344881 |
2001-08-01 | Thermal singular stress problem for glassfiber reinforced plastics with surface cracks at cryogenic temperatures is considered. For the case of the crack which is normal to and ends at the interface between orthotropic elastic materials, the order of stress singularity around the tip of the crack is obtained. Fourier t... | Thermal singular stresses of glassfiber reinforced plastics with surface cracks at cryogenic temperatures | 10.1023/A:1010897419234 |
2001-06-01 | Spurious transient outputs of a piezoelectric accelerometer have been observed when the accelerometer is attached to a surface undergoing rapid cool-down to a cryogenic temperature. Such conditions occur in cryogenic propellant rockets on assemblies such as feedlines and turbopumps. Under exposure to liquid oxygen, sur... | Accelerometer spiking under cryogenic conditions | 10.1007/BF02323194 |
2001-05-01 | Cryopreservation has become anessential tool for operational application offorest tree embryogenic cultures, due to thelong evaluation periods needed for treesregenerated from these cultures. Fiveyellow-poplar ( Liriodendron tulipifera )and seven sweetgum ( Liquidambar spp. )embryogenic culture lines werestored in liqu... | Cryopreservation of yellow-poplar and sweetgum embryogenic cultures | 10.1023/A:1012237606373 |
2001-03-01 | Phospholipids and fatty acids in chitin and chitosan samples undergo qualitative and quantitative changes upon cryogenic treatment | Effect of Low Temperature on the Lipid Component of Chitin and Chitosan Structures | 10.1023/A:1012318617263 |
2001-01-01 | Dry etch technology using high density plasma (HDP) sources has become an essential technique for the fabrication of advanced three-dimensional microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), for instance accelerometers and gyroscopes. These devices consist of sensors and micro-actuators integrated with electronic control circu... | Limitations and Complementary Value of Cryogenic SF_6-O_2 and Bosch Plasma Etch Process for Silicon Micromachining | 10.1007/978-94-010-0840-2_16 |
2001-01-01 | One of the crucial factors which have influenced the development of cryosurgery is the standard and the technical competency of cryosurgical devices; i.e., the efficiency of cryosurgery in curative practice first of all depends on the technical proficiency of the cryosurgical devices used to perform cryooperations. | Cryosurgery and Cryotechnology — Future Safety in Medicine | 10.1007/978-3-7091-6225-5_2 |
2001-01-01 | Any newcomer to the field of infrared will be surprised at the range of different device technologies covered in the remaining chapters of this book. The reason for the wide choice is that there is no single device technology that satisfies the broad range of applications and operating conditions. For example: HgCdTe d... | Assessment of Infrared Materials and Devices | 10.1007/978-1-4615-1607-1_2 |
2001-01-01 | The Membrane-Bound Iron-Sulfur Proteins (FeS-A and FeS-B): Secondary Electron Acceptors of Photosystem I | 10.1007/0-306-48136-7_29 | |
2001-01-01 | Over that past four decades, the trend in the electronic industry has been to increase functional density and system performance, and to decrease cost with time. This has largely been made possible by the down-scaling of device dimensions, increased integration densities and improved fabrication technologies. However, ... | Circuits and Applications | 10.1007/978-1-4757-3318-1_7 |
2001-01-01 | Silicon (Si) bipolar transistor technology, despite its desirable features of fast switching speed, high transconductance, and excellent current-drive capability at room temperature (RT = 300 K), is often viewed as unsuitable for the cryogenic environment because its current gain (β = J_c/J_B), frequency response, and ... | Silicon-Germanium Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor | 10.1007/978-1-4757-3318-1_4 |
2001-01-01 | Most research to date concerning the cryogenic toughness of austenitic stainless steels has concentrated on the base metal and weld metal in weldments. The most severe problem faced on the conventional austenitic stainless steel is the thermal aging degradation such as sensitization and carbide induced embrittlement. I... | Cryogenic fracture toughness evaluation for austenitic stainless steels by means of unloading compliance method | 10.1007/BF03184795 |
2001-01-01 | The Edelweiss Dark Matter Experiment is installed in the Modane Underground Laboratory since 1994. In 1997 the first detector of a 70 g heat and ionization Ge low-temperature detector built by the collaboration showed its discrimination capabilities. During the last two years the installation was upgraded, and a new ge... | Status of the EDELWEISS Experiment | 10.1007/978-3-662-04587-9_38 |
2001-01-01 | The solubilities of solid hexane and cyclohexane in liquid argon at 87.3 K have been measured by the filtration method. The hexane and cyclohexane content in solution was determined using gas chromatography. The solubilities of the C_6 hydrocarbons in liquid argon at 87.3 K are (0.56 ± 0.11) × 10^-7 mole fraction for h... | Solubility of Solid Hexane and Cyclohexane in Liquid Argon at 87.3 K | 10.1023/A:1005210127341 |
2001-01-01 | This paper discusses the place and role of cryology in achieving the common goal of Science in the 21-st century – scientific provision for sustainable development. Characteristic features of the period of transition from the social-economic system (SES) to the ecological-social-economic system (ESES) are analyzed. Muc... | Main Results of Earth Cryosphere Studies and Sustainable Development | 10.1007/978-94-010-0684-2_2 |
2001-01-01 | In the 1960s, in Nancy (eastern France), Alain Godard pioneered a programme on the experimental frost shattering of crystalline rocks. Following this, many geomorphologists from the Laboratoire de Geographie Physique in Meudon, near Paris, devoted their careers to the forwarding of our knowledge on mechanical rock weat... | Cryogenic Processes and Ice-Related Restructuring of the Regolith in Metamorphic and Igneous Terrains | 10.1007/978-3-642-56821-3_7 |
2001-01-01 | Microwave filter networks represent a critical and substantive portion of any communication systems. Such a system, be it wireless or satellite, requires filters to group the signals received into channels for amplification and processing. The phenomenal growth in telecommunication industry in recent years has brought ... | Three-Dimensional Cryogenic Filters | 10.1007/978-94-010-0450-3_7 |
2001-01-01 | We review the main trends observed when cooling III–V High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMT’s) and Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBT’s) with a special interest for their high frequency (HF) properties. If there are some references dealing with the temperature parameter dependence of GaAs devices, there are few... | Heterojunction Transistors at Low Temperature | 10.1007/978-1-4757-3318-1_5 |
2000-11-01 | The first research and experimental results obtained in China of high-accuracy radiometric calibration based on cryogenic radiometer are reported. Uncertainties of cryogenic radiometer and trap detectors at 7 wavelengths in the visible spectrum (488–786 nm) were less than 0.023% and 0.035% respectively, which proved th... | High-accuracy primary and transfer standards for radiometric calibration | 10.1007/BF02909698 |
2000-11-01 | We consider the results of testing of PT3V titanium alloy (4.5% Al, 2.1% V, balance Ti) for low-cycle fatigue at temperatures of 293, 77, and 4.2 K, taking into account the influence of the degree (0.05, 1.0, and 3.0%) of plastic prestraining of the material (performed at the same temperatures) on durability. To simpli... | Influence of Preliminary Plastic Deformation on the Low-Cycle Fatigue of a Titanium Alloy under Conditions of Deep Cooling | 10.1023/A:1005256432723 |
2000-11-01 | Thermodynamic properties of high-pressure minerals that are not recoverable from synthesis experiments by conventional quenching methods (“unquenchable” phases) usually are calculated from equation of state data and phase diagram topologies. The present study shows that, with cryogenic methods of recovery and sample t... | The enthalpy of transformation of Ca(OH)_2-I (portlandite) to Ca(OH)_2-II (EuI_2 structure) by low-temperature DSC | 10.1007/s002690000104 |
2000-11-01 | S-Cam is a cryogenic camera for ground-basedastronomy using Superconducting Tunnel Junctions(STJs). It has been designed as a technologydemonstrator, aiming to prove the potential of a newgeneration of single photon counting detectors at aground-based telescope. The camera has a field of viewof about 4.0 × 4.0 arcsec^2... | S-Cam: An Imaging Spectro-Photometer Based on Superconducting Tunnel Junctions | 10.1023/A:1008129522717 |
2000-09-01 | High-Temperature Superconducting Level Gage for Cryogenic Liquid | 10.1023/A:1002847622803 | |
2000-09-01 | Filling and Storage of Cryogenic Propellant Components Cooled Below Boiling Point in Rocket Tanks at Atmospheric Pressure | 10.1023/A:1002820311417 | |
2000-07-01 | We characterized the time-course, intensity of expression and cellular origin of components of the endothelin (ET) system in the rat brain after a standardized neurotrauma (cryogenic lesion of the parietal cortex). ET mRNAs were expressed at sham level after neurotrauma, whereas immunoreactivity for ET-1 was enhanced i... | Differential Glial and Vascular Expression of Endothelins and Their Receptors in Rat Brain after Neurotrauma | 10.1023/A:1007552408463 |
2000-07-01 | Tetraethylammonium perfluorooctyl sulfonate (TEAFOS; critical micelle concentration, 1 mM), which forms a threadlike micelle in its pure solution, was adopted to study the structure of salted-out, solubilized micelles and microemulsions by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The concentration of the surfactant... | Structure of salted-out, solubilized micelles and microemulsions on the perfluorinated anionic surfactant tetraethylammonium perfluorooctyl sulfonate studied by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy | 10.1007/s003960000293 |
2000-04-01 | The viability of two strains of Lentinula edodes and two of L. boryana under cryogenic storage during 1 week has been studied from the evaluation of five contact periods (1, 1.5, 2, 3 and 5 h) of the cryoprotector, glycerol 10% (v/v), with the mycelium. On average, 99.25% of samples were recovered, 1.5 h being the best... | Viability and mushroom production of Lentinula edodes and L. boryana strains (Fungi: Basidiomycetes) after cryogenic storage of spawn stocks | 10.1023/A:1008979202575 |
2000-04-01 | A gas mixture containing ppbv concentrations of volatile chlorinated and aromatic hydrocarbons was prepared in helium, nitrogen, or argon in a plastic (Nalophan) bag, in which it was found the mixture could be safely stored for several days. Samples of the mixture were subsequently analyzed by gas chromatography after ... | Matrix effect in the cryotrapping of gas samples in the ppbv range | 10.1007/BF02490485 |
2000-02-01 | High-pressure pumps for cryogenic liquids: Problems and prospects | 10.1007/BF02464737 | |
2000-01-01 | Ti-5Al-2.5Sn extra-low-interstitial (ELI) alloy is widely used as a structural material in cryogenic engineering because of its outstanding mechanical behaviour, especially at low temperatures. ELI Ti-5Al-2.5Sn exhibits unstable plastic flow (load drops) at very low temperatures (below 40K). The influence of temperatur... | Temperature Dependence of Unstable Plastic Flow and Multi-Necking in ELI Ti-5Al-2.5Sn Alloy | 10.1007/978-1-4615-4293-3_12 |
2000-01-01 | We have tackled with the improvement of the superconducting magnetic bearings and manufactured the newly developed facility which has possessed the cooling device with cryogenic refrigerator and the driving device for the completely floating rotational elements, and can be utilized to research and development for vario... | Investigation of Characteristics of Axial Gap Type Superconducting Magnetic Bearing for 1kWh Flywheel | 10.1007/978-4-431-66877-0_235 |
2000-01-01 | High strength polymer fiber reinforced plastics (ZFRPs) have a remarkable characteristic of a negative thermal expansion coefficient, that is, ZFRPs expand during cooling down from room temperature to cryogenic temperature. Hence, it is expected that ZFRPs are suitable for bobbins of superconducting magnets from a view... | Frictional Properties on Surfaces of High Strength Polymer Fiber Reinforced Plastics | 10.1007/978-1-4615-4293-3_16 |
2000-01-01 | In the Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) project, a one-kilometer-long linear accelerator (linac) is used as part of a plant that will provide tritium for national defense purposes. The accelerator consists of a low-energy (LE) normally conductive, radiofrequency (rf) linac and a high-energy (HE) superconducting ... | APT Cryogenic System | 10.1007/978-1-4615-4215-5_46 |
2000-01-01 | A high-T_c SQUID-based magnetometer system for measuring fetal heart activity in standard clinical environments is the goal of the so-called FHARMON project. To lower the threshold for the application of this fetal heart monitor, it should be low-cost and, moreover, simple to operate. It is, therefore, advantageous to ... | Cryogenic Aspects of a Fetal Heart Monitor Based on High-Tc Squids | 10.1007/978-1-4615-4215-5_85 |
2000-01-01 | It may happen, sometime, that the reader spends his or her well deserved holidays in the beautiful country of Greece and, sitting on a typically unstable chair in one of the nice taverns, one may ask for “kryo nero”. It may take a while, but you will get a nice jug filled to the top with icy cold water. Indeed, “cryo” ... | Cryogenic Systems for Superconducting Devices | 10.1007/978-94-017-0752-7_13 |
2000-01-01 | The aim of this study was to investigate fatigue crack growth resistance of a new superlight high-strength Al-Cu-Li alloy at 293 and 77K and to assess the possibility of its application in cryogenic aerospace structures. It is found that at temperatures lowering to 77K fatigue crack growth resistance is essentially dep... | Super Light Alloy Al-Cu-Li-Fatigue Crack Growth Resistance at Temperatures 293 and 77K | 10.1007/978-1-4615-4293-3_14 |
2000-01-01 | A long lifetime, low cost, vapor-shielded liquid neon and liquid helium cryostat and an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator have been developed for cooling a bolometric radiometer to 0.1 K for mm and sub-mm observations of the cosmic microwave background. This is the first phase of a development effort for a very lo... | A Long Lifetime Balloon-Borne Cryostat and Magnetic Refrigerator | 10.1007/978-1-4615-4215-5_87 |
2000-01-01 | The strong magnetic field of the interventional magnetic resonance imaging (IMRI) challenges the designer of surgical and particularly of cryosurgical devices. It strongly interferes with electronic, electromechanical and magnetic media. The proposed solution incorporates an argon based Joule-Thomson cryosurgical machi... | MRI Compatible Cryosurgical Machine | 10.1007/978-1-4615-4215-5_121 |
2000-01-01 | The linear viscoelastic parameters — storage shear modulus and loss factor — have been studied between 4.2K and 293K by a torsion pendulum on various fibres (carbon, fibreglass and Kevlar) with different polymeric matrices (epoxies and PEEK) in the unidirectional (UD) composites. The off-axis properties in UD carbon AS... | Viscoelastic Behaviour of Unidirectional Fibre Composites at Low Temperatures | 10.1007/978-1-4615-4293-3_24 |
2000-01-01 | The cooling capacity for the superconducting magnets in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics, CERN will be provided by eight helium refrigerators serving the eight 3.3 km long machine sectors. Of these eight refrigerators, four are already existing and are currently used for t... | Specification of Four New Large 4.5 K Helium Refrigerators for the LHC | 10.1007/978-1-4615-4215-5_40 |
2000-01-01 | In large cryogenic storage systems, the level of cryogenic fluids such as liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, etc., are usually monitored using capacitance type indicators. They are both heavy and inaccurate. We report here the development of discrete array type liquid level indicators. A special class of analog multiplexe... | Development of Discrete Array Type Liquid Level Indicator for Cryogenic Fluids | 10.1007/978-1-4615-4215-5_108 |
2000-01-01 | We have studied the microstructures and mechanical properties of 14.5, 15.5 and 16.5 mol%CeO_2-ZrO_2 ceramics which were aimed to obtain toughening at low temperatures. The results indicated that there were over 50% increases in fracture toughness and strength at 4.2K. The enhancements of both parameters are due to the... | Microstructure and Toughening of Ce-TZP Ceramics at Low Temperatures | 10.1007/978-1-4615-4293-3_33 |
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