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NK cells are - | NK cells are unique, however, as they have the ability to recognize stressed cells in the absence of antibodies and MHC, allowing for a much faster immune reaction. They were named "natural killers" because of the initial notion that they do not require activation to kill cells that are missing "self" markers of MHC cl... | 4 | Activated macrophages | Antibody-activated T cells | Null cells activated by complement | Independent of antibody | Microbiology | Immunology | eed1b760-0f66-4e89-99de-947a812ca1e0 | single |
Thiopentone has cerebroprotective effect because of- | Barbiturate-induced reductions in oxygen requirements and cerebral metabolic activity are mirrored by changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG), which progress from low-voltage fast activity with small doses to high-voltage slow activity, burst suppression, and electrical silence with larger doses. Barbiturates may pro... | 1 | Decrease cerebral metabolism | Reduction of vasospasm | Calcium channel blockage | Free redical removal l | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia | f17d0cc8-f5d0-4a2a-9aaf-be1b5a1330f1 | single |
WHO declared global eradication of small pox on - | Ans. is 4d' i.e., 8th May 1980 Small poxo It was an acute infectious disease caused by Variola virus.o It is the only infectious disease which has been eradicated globally. The world's last case occured in Somalia on 26 October 1977. The WHO declared on 8 may 1980 that smallpox had been eradicatedo In April 1977, India... | 4 | 26th October 1977 | 5th July 1975 | 17th May 1975 | 8th May 1980 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Health Programmes in India | c40ab16f-eca4-42b8-8f67-f84c12293d29 | multi |
Which of the following statement best describes the mechanism of action of insulin on target cells | Ref-Goodman and Gilman 12/e p1241) Enzymatic Receptors have two sites, the drug binds on the extracellular site and the intracellular site has enaymatic activity (mostly tyrosine kinase) This enzyme can be activated AK-STAT pathway. Insulin, growthormone, prolactin and cvtokines act enrvmatic receptors. | 3 | Insulin binds to cytoplasmic receptor molecule and is transferred as a hormone receptor complex to the nucleus where it acts to modulate gene expression. | Insulin binds to a receptor molecule on the outer suace of the plasma membrane and the hormone receptor complex activates adenylate cyclasel through the Gs protein. | Insulin binds to a transmembrane receptor at the which outer suace of the plasma membrane, activates the tyrosine kinase that is the cytosolic domain of the receptor. | Insulin enters the cell and causes the release ofcalcium ions from intracellular stores. | Anatomy | General anatomy | 6ec0c054-72cb-445c-9681-6e300b259dfb | multi |
Scalp and face are involved in | Areas spared in scabies - scalp & face high density of hair follicles Infants- face ,scalp, palms and soles typically involved vesicles bullae, secondary bacterial infection is more common in infantile scabies iadvl textbook of dermatology page 429 | 3 | Adult scabies | Nodular scabies | Infantile scabies | null | Dental | Fungal infections, Scabies, Pediculosis | a0fc6dce-e83f-4be3-af21-5951636dca6d | multi |
The drug of choice in Herpes Simplex Encephalitis is- | null | 1 | Acyclovir | Zidovudine | Amantadine | Vidarabine | Medicine | null | f74a4794-5dc7-4317-add9-2b00f55ade4c | single |
To distinguish between cochlear and post cochlear damage, test done is: | BERA is very useful in distinguishing between cochlear pathology and retrocochlear pathology for SNHLImpedence audiometry and PTA tests the middle ear pathology. | 1 | Brainsterm evoked response audiometry | Impedence audiometry | Pure tone audiometry | Auditory cochlear potential | ENT | null | 73cc6ef3-03c1-4551-b215-42edb1485a2e | single |
The effective diameter of the tympanic membrane is | Effective diameter or vibratory area of tympanic membrane is 45mm2; Area of tympanic membrane is 90mm2 Stapes footplate area is 3.2mm2 Ref: PL Dhingra 6th edition of Ear, Nose and Throat; pg no 15 | 4 | 25 mm2 | 30 mm2 | 40 mm2 | 45 mm2 | ENT | Ear | 36f13e76-bb4b-49a0-9a99-1f9dd33fb85a | single |
In children the most commonly recognized form of Familial Hyperlipidemia is | Familial combined hyperlipidemia is a disorder that is passed down through families. It causes high cholesterol and and early coronary aery disease. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition | 4 | Hyperiglyceridemia | Hypercholesterolemia | Hyperchlyomicronemia | Combined hyperlipidemia | Pediatrics | Genetic and genetic disorders | c33d91a3-5a09-4201-aa1a-5010276ab4a4 | single |
Collecting pa of kidney develops from ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Ureteric budDevelopment of kidney Kidneys develop from two sources :Metanephros (metanephric mesoderm or blastema) : It is the lowest pa of nephrogenic cord which is derived from intermediate mesoderm. It forms the excretory unit of kidney i.e. glomeruls, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle and ... | 4 | Pronephrons | Mesonephros | Metanephros | Ureteric bud | Anatomy | null | fa1af67c-e90e-4fda-a1f8-ccabc6ac8c64 | single |
Leucokoria can be seen in all except- | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Congenital glaucoma Leukocoria ( a yellowish white pupillary reflex also called as amaurotic cats eye reflex*) is seen in:Retinoblastoma *Congenital cataract*Inflammatory deposits in the eye*Coloboma of the choroid*Retrolental fibroplasia (Retinopathy of prematurity) *Persistant hyperplastic primary v... | 2 | Persistant hyperplastic primary vitreous | Congenital glaucoma | Fungal endopthalmitis | Retinoblastoma | Ophthalmology | Lens | b8d14298-2ed6-4bc8-9fcc-5ee65dd9d014 | multi |
Hyperfractioned radiotherapy is used in | Hyperfractionation - Lung cancer.
Hypofractionation - Melanomas, Soft tissue sarcomas. | 1 | Lung cancer | Melanomas | Soft tissue sacromas | All the above | Radiology | null | 315f0096-6a4e-4ae7-b34e-47fb8cc25c29 | multi |
Administration of scoline (Sch) produces dangerous hyperkalemia in - | null | 4 | Acute renal failure (ARF) | Raised ICT | Fracture femur | Paraplegia | Anaesthesia | null | 942035bf-a1fb-4b9f-bf18-67851687857a | single |
True about turcot syndrome | Ans. (b) CNS tumors(Ref: Russell & Rubinstein's Pathology of Tumors of the Nervous System 7Ed, pg 997)Turcot syndrome is characterised by:*Intestinal polyposis*CNS tumours: glioblastoma or medulloblastoma | 2 | Mutations in PTEN gene | CNS tumors | Non neoplastic polyps | Congenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium | Pathology | Central Nervous System | c36cafa2-eb48-46dc-b40a-4b78389cce0e | multi |
Which of the following is least likely to be involved in a collateral anastomosis which bypasses an obstruction of the first pa of the axillary aery? | The suprascapular, dorsal scapular, subscapular, and scapular circumflex aeries paicipate in a potential collateral anastomoses around the scapula. The suprascapular and dorsal scapular aeries arise, directly or indirectly, from the subclan aery while the subscapular and scapular circumflex aeries are from the third pa... | 4 | Suprascapular aery | Subscapular Aery | Dorsalscapular Aery | Posterior humeral circumflex aery | Anatomy | null | 3a9e779a-2178-4009-9b83-f4fc38d039ec | single |
A 2 year old child is brought by parents with history of seizures and developmental delay. He has multiple hypopigmented macules over the back. What is the most probable diagnosis – | History of seizures and multiple hypopigmented macules over the back (ash leap patch) suggest the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis.
Criteria for diagnosing tuberous sclerosis
Criteria for diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex have been revised.
The features have been divided into major features and minor features : ... | 2 | Neurofibromatosis type 1 | Tuberous sclerosis | Sturge weber's syndrome | Linear Sebaceous nevus syndrome | Pediatrics | null | 34582758-3d41-442d-9abf-af8f0b0ed292 | single |
Minor connector for the mandibular distal extension base should extend: | null | 2 | Half the length of edentulous ridge | Two thirds the Length of edentulous ridge | Full length of edentulous ridge | None of the above | Dental | null | 73024c18-291d-47cf-83b0-44ab72669076 | multi |
Heparin, apart from releasing lipoprotein lipase in the blood exerts its anti-coagulant action by: | null | 4 | Binding to calcium | Inhibiting fibrinogen synthesis | Inhibiting prothrombin synthesis | Inhibiting thrombin synthesis | Pharmacology | null | 7b2cfcfa-42a6-4892-bc23-1eddbcbe622f | single |
RNA with ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY | In addition to the catalytic action served by the snRNAs in the formation of mRNA, several other enzymatic functions have been attributed to RNA. Ribozymes are RNA molecules with catalytic activity. These generally involve transesterification reactions, and most are concerned with RNA metabolism (splicing and endoribon... | 2 | Peptidase | Peptidyl transferase | Cytidine deaminase | Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase | Biochemistry | All India exam | ed9c7edc-bec4-41ae-90d0-b6e79308ccb2 | single |
Mutism and akinesis in a person who appears awake and even alert, is best described as: | ORIENTATION: in time, place and person; loss occurs in this sequence, recovery in reverse order Disorientation in delirium: Orientation is the normal state of (oneself and one's surrounding in terms of time, place and person. Stupor Twilight state Oneiroid state / Onirism An imprecise term for 1. State of decreased rea... | 1 | Stupor | Coma | Hysteria | Delirium | Unknown | null | b48f98d1-7399-4f66-9e4b-8363cafa1d77 | single |
Extra axial enhancing lesion on MRI. The most likely diagnosis is: | After glioblastomas, meningiomas are the second most common brain tumor, and the most common extra axial tumor. Ref: Essentials of Clinical MR edited by Val Runge, John Morelli, 2010, Chapter 4 | 1 | Meningioma | Ependymoma | Arachnoid cyst | Lipoma | Radiology | null | 5771f3eb-8ca7-45cf-b62d-07de3c8dad2f | single |
Gram postive cocci are - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above | 4 | Staphylococci | Streptococcus | Pneumococcus | All of the above | Microbiology | null | ac39bd05-439a-4a3e-b4b0-eac5ed9eead7 | multi |
Mucostatic impressions can be obtained by | null | 3 | Plaster | Low viscosity alginate | Both of the above | None of the above | Dental | null | 546d81ad-a465-40bd-bdbf-2e07c045cc0f | multi |
Basanti, a 28 years aged female with a history of 6 weeks of amenorrhoea presents with pain in abdomen; USG shows fluid in pouch of Douglas. Aspiration yields dark color blood that fails to clot. Most probable diagnosis is: | Ans. is b, i.e. Ruptured ectopic pregnancyRef. Dutta Obs. 7/e, p 182; Williams Obs. 22/e, p 258, 259, 23/e, p 242, 243The picture given in the question classically represents a case of ruptured ectopic pregnancy.The women in the question is presenting with amenorrhea of 6 weeks and pain in abdomen.On USG - fluid is see... | 2 | Ruptured ovarian cyst | Ruptured ectopic pregnancy | Red degeneration of fibroid | Pelvic abscess | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Ecotopic Pregnancy | 86bf8450-8566-42e0-9ce6-29882b3b5dd3 | single |
Which of the following statements is true of primary grade IV-V vesicoureteric reflux in young children? | Ans. is 'b' i.e. Postnatal scarring may occur even in the absence of urinary tract infections Also see Nov. 98 (Q. no. 117), June 2004 (Q. no. Ill) Nov 2004 (Q. No. 122)Although UTI is the most important cause for scarring and nephropathy in pts. of VUR, scarring can occur even in the absence of UTI due to pressure-eff... | 2 | Renal scarring usually begins in the midpolar regions | Postnatal scarring may occur even in the absence of urinary tract infections | Long-term outcome is comparable in patients treated with either antibiotic prophylaxis or surgery | Oral amoxicillin is the choice antibiotic for prophylaxis | Surgery | Urinary Tract | edbd4fc6-eadc-47c3-8dd6-eb1f8620029a | multi |
Gutta-percha is radio-opaque due to presence of: | null | 2 | Zinc oxide eugenol | Barium sulphate | Potassium sulphate | Barium oxide | Dental | null | c9dcabab-1649-4162-9730-fff1c98d667c | single |
A 40 years old female patient attends the OG department with swelling of legs for past one day. There is no history of fever. 2 years back she had a metastatic breast adenocarcinoma which was treated with paclitaxel and radiotherapy. Blood pressure 120/76 mmHg, Pulse rate 84/min, temperature 37.6 C, Respiratory rate 16... | Answer: c) Enoxaparin and warfarin therapy with a goal to maintain INR of 2-3 (HARRISON 19TH ED, P-1635)DEEP VEIN THROMBOSISMost common site of DVT - calf veinsRisk of pulmonary embolism is much higher with proximal DVT (40% to 50%) than with clots confined to the distal calf vessels (5% to 10%)Pain and swelling are th... | 3 | Dalteparin and enoxaparin together | Warfarin therapy with a goal to maintain INR of 2-3 | Enoxaparin and warfarin therapy with a goal to maintain INR of 2-3 | Aspirin and warfarin therapy with a goal to maintain INR of 2-3 | Medicine | Blood | 03a9f92b-8055-45f9-a8de-8a203906f0f4 | single |
Which of the following is the preferred route of access for total parenteral nutrition in a patient who requires the same for <14 days and there is otherwise no indication for use of central catheter? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Peripheral vein * Following are the recommendations of the route of access for total parental nutrition :Route of access1.8.8In hospital, parenteral nutrition can be given via a dedicated peripherally inserted central catheter as an alternative to a dedicated centrally placed central venous catheter. ... | 3 | Internal jugular vein | External jugular vein | Periphaeral vein | PICC line | Surgery | Fluid & Electrolyte | cbdbfca0-0444-4338-9ff5-184fda6813b3 | single |
Most common cause of surgically treatable male infertility is - | null | 1 | Varicocele | Cryptorchidism | Stricture urethra | Epidydimitis | Surgery | null | d33ecc30-1a9d-4072-ad15-6b273cc56778 | multi |
Which drug is not used for erectile dysfunction? | Physiological erection occurs in response to the release of nitric oxide from noradrenergic - nor cholinergic nerves associated with parasympathetic discharge. Nitric oxide acts by activating guanylyl cyclase -| CGMP - cavernosal relaxation resulting in the erection. Thus the drugs which can be used for erectile dysfun... | 1 | Phenylephrine | Apomorphine | Yohimbine | Vardenafil | Pharmacology | Endocrinology | 959a6e11-d2da-49c5-b97a-2872add67a60 | single |
Imatinib used in CML acts by | Competitive inhibition _of ATP binding site of ABL kinase [Ref. Harrison 16thie p 4781 CML is characterized by the presence of a distinctive molecular abnormality namely philadelphia chromosome. Philadelphia chromosome in formed as a result of reciprocal translocation between long arm of chromosome 22 and chromosome 9 ... | 3 | inhibiting Bcr/abl translocation tyrosine kinase | Blocking the action of P-glycoprotein | Competitive inhibition of ATP binding site of Abl kinase | C-kit kinase inhibition | Pharmacology | null | c3d2e9d7-3e5a-4d29-8843-9d14e6071a86 | single |
An athlete came to casualty with 4 days of passing red colored urine. Most probable cause of red coloured urine in this condition is? | ANSWER: (D) MyoglobinREF: Physiology and pathology of the urine by john dixon p-49Red color urine may be due to hemoglobin or myoglobin, in the question clue is given that patient is an athlete who competed in an event which lead to sternous exercise and hence increased myoglobin in the urine. | 4 | Hemoglobin | Hemosiderin | Hematuria | Myoglobin | Medicine | Kidney | 99f88215-4a02-4711-bd62-0929a083308f | single |
True about Schatzki's ring: | Ans is b' i.e. Causes dysphagia | 2 | Has skeletal muscle | Causes dysphagia | Contains all the layers of the esophagus | All | Surgery | null | c890c99e-d5b2-4e59-bd4e-3bac50b37fcb | multi |
Cause of RF in rhabdomyolysis is - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Myoglobin o Muscle destruction leads to release of mvoglobinQ.o The circulating myoglobin becomes free and is filtered(r) by the kidney.o Myoglobin in the renal glomerular filtrate can precipitate and cause renal tubular obstruction, leading to renal damage. | 4 | Increased K | Increased P04 | Increased uric acid | Myoglobin | Medicine | Acute Renal Failure | 6536e12e-dfe6-45b0-978e-289f8a9421d7 | single |
All IgG are responsible are coagglutination by bind to S.Aureus protein-A except | IgG3 not responsible for Coagglutination. | 3 | IgG1 | IgG2 | IgG3 | IgG4 | Microbiology | null | 990f0058-eaf8-4ba3-ac95-531f31af2bf4 | multi |
A 34 year old housewife reports a three month history of feeling low, lack of interest in activities, lethargy, multiple body-aches, ideas of worthlessness, decreased appetite and disturbed sleep with early morning awakening. She is likely to benefit from - | This patient has (for 3 months)
Depressed mood (feeling low)
Lack of interest
Loss of energy / fatigue (lethargy)
Ideas of worthlessness
Disturbed sleep (insomnia / hypersomnia)
Decreased appetite
As more than 5 symptoms are present for more than 2 weeks, Diagnosis is major depression Antidepressa... | 2 | Anti-psychotics | Anti-depressants | Anxiolytics | Hypno-sedatives | Psychiatry | null | 9efe2972-e6b0-4d90-af72-92f06ac0173d | single |
The root of maxillary lateral incisors if curved is usually in which direction? | null | 1 | Distal | Mesial | Facial | Palatal | Dental | null | 57bcd6f6-dc3d-4052-90dd-c68cc8a5a268 | multi |
What is the most impoant lesion produced in chromosomal DNA by exposure to ionizing radiation? | In intact DNA, single strand breaks (SSBs) are of little biologic consequence because they are repaired readily using the opposite strand as a template. If the repair is incorrect (misrepair), it may result in a mutation. If both strands of the DNA are broken and the breaks are well separated, repair again occurs readi... | 3 | A break on one DNA strand ('single-strand break') | Well-separated breaks on both DNA strands | Breaks on both DNA strands which are opposite each other or separated by only a few bases ('double-strand break') | Multiple breaks on the same DNA strand | Radiology | Radiotherapy | 112bdb28-2d32-4207-98fe-de472a7145c5 | multi |
Condyloma accuminata in pregnancy is treated by | Treatment of condyloma -acuminata - (verruca-genital is) Podophyllum is effective only on the genital was Podophyllum is potentially toxic and must be avoided in during pregnancy Chemical cauterization is usually done with liquified phenol or concentrated trichloroacetic acid Ref: KD Tripathi 8th ed/ | 3 | Podophyllin | Podophyllin toxin | Trichloroacetic acid | 5-FU cream | Pharmacology | All India exam | f921a40f-5ca8-424f-85db-7dbf2408f3bc | single |
The lateral fornix is related to all except - | Relation of the lateral fornix
- Transverse cervical ligament
- Vaginal vein
- Ureter
- Uterine artery | 3 | Ureter | Uterine artery | Inferior vesical artery | Transverse cervical ligament | Anatomy | null | 1dcd4280-9b95-45f7-8828-9e956fef6999 | multi |
Patient presents with altered behaviour, delusions & hallucination suggest - | Altered behavior with hallucination & delusion is seen in Psychosis.
These symptoms occur in schizophrenia, but do not confirm the diagnosis of schizophrenia (option b). | 1 | Psyshotic disorder | Confirms schizophrenia | Korsakoff's psychosis | Depression | Psychiatry | null | 61dc8adf-e341-4957-9d53-47ae037cbb44 | multi |
D cells of Islet of Langerhans of pancreas secrete? | Ans. D SomatostatinRef: Ganong, 25th ed. pg. 154Somatostatin is found in the D cells of pancreatic islets. It inhibits the secretion of insulin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide and may act locally within the pancreatic islets in a paracrine fashion. | 4 | Insulin | Glucagon | Gastrin | Somatostatin | Physiology | G.I.T. | 45fc665f-c3b4-4554-9679-a447e668c784 | single |
A newborn baby presented with profuse bleeding from umbilical stump after bih. Probable diagnosis is | Factor XIII deficiency Bleeding from umbilical stump suggests Factor XIII deficiency. Neonates with a positive bleeding history, paicularly with features such as delayed bleeding, umbilical stump bleeding or miscarriages and in whom the initial panel of screening test is negative should be tested for factor XIII defici... | 1 | Factor XIII deficiency | VWF deficiency | Factor XII deficiency | Glanzmann thrombosthenia | Pediatrics | null | ae3d923c-c04c-4b98-b091-aba9f13d0c6e | single |
Nerve fibers in greater, lesser and least splanchnic nerves are | They also provide the sympathetic innervation to the adrenal medulla, stimulating catecholamine release. The nerve travels inferiorly, lateral to the greater splanchnic nerve. Its fibers synapse with their postganglionic counterpas in the superior mesenteric ganglia, or in the aoicorenal ganglion. image ref- medscape.c... | 1 | Preganlionic sympathetic | Postganglionic sympathetic fibers | Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers | Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers | Anatomy | Abdomen and pelvis | a4cba0b9-4b4e-47a3-95ed-23075b220c9b | single |
All the following nerves may be injured while doing excision of submandibular salivary glands except: | null | 2 | Lingual nerve | Spinal accessory nerve | Mandibular branch of facial nerve | Hypoglossal nerve | Anatomy | null | 568beb54-f02a-4cc4-8531-133b09a1f57c | multi |
Which of the following presents as a mass in ear, which bleeds heavily on touch? | Glomus Jugulare is a slow growing highly vascular lesion which arise in the jugular fossa from paraganglia located within the adventitia of jugular bulb. Examination of the ear shows a deep mass behind the eardrum. Patients usually presents with hoarseness, dysphagia and tinnitus. CT shows an irregularly marginated, in... | 1 | Glomus Jugulare tumor | Ca mastoid | Acoustic neuroma | Angiofibroma | ENT | null | b2c9968f-83c8-45e9-bc24-503f1a28cdfa | single |
A previously healthy 45-year-old woman has been unable to close her left eye since awakening that morning.Which of the following cranial nerves is most likely to be affected? | Closure of the eye is related to ORBICULARIS OCCULI *In the question 7th cranial nerve is affected so orbiculurus occuli is also affected *Therefore the patient is unable to close her eye | 4 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 7 | Medicine | Stroke and TIA | 35e81bf3-1c32-45a6-9f6e-a15b2ab16895 | single |
Which of the following stain is used for Acidic mucin? | (a) Alcian blueRef: Quick Reference Handbook for Surgical Pathologists, 2011, pg. 69-74* Alcian blue stain is used for acidic mucin.* Acid mucins are present in goblet cells and esophageal submucosal glands. They are Alcian Blue (AB.-positive (blue color).* Neutral mucins are present in gastric foveolar cells, duodenal... | 1 | Alcian blue | PAS | Masson's trichrome stain | PTAH | Pathology | Histo Pathology | b150f78b-80c4-45ed-802e-bb8368f3f20a | single |
Minimum hemoglobin levels in pregnancy below which anemia occur is? | 11 mg % REF: With text Repeat from June 2009 "The Centers for Disease Control defines anaemia as a hemoglobin concentration of less than 11 g/dL (hematocrit of < 33%) in the first or third trimester or a hemoglobin concentration of less than 10.5 g/dL (hematocrit < 32%) in the second trimester" (REF: COGT 10th edition ... | 3 | 9 mg % | 10 mg % | 11 mg % | 12 mg 70 | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | a5396e3c-9c30-491b-b5cb-659c3b8fe5f1 | single |
MC cause of common cold/ coryza is: | COMMON COLD (CORYZA) Aetiology: Caused by a virus. The infection is usually contracted through airborne droplets. Several viruses (adenovirus, picornavirus & its subgroups such as rhinovirus, coxsackie virus & enteric cytopathic human orphan virus) are responsible. Incubation period is 1-4 days & illness lasts for 2-3 ... | 3 | Influenza virus | Respiratory Synctial virus | Adenovirus | Enterovirus 70 | ENT | null | deaf06aa-3352-4c3f-898a-f2e7eef8abc0 | single |
Double stranded RNA is seen in: | Option 1 1. The family Reoviridae is divided into nine genera, These genera are Orbivirus, Ohoreovirus, Rotavirus, and Coltivirus. Note: - All RNA viruses are single stranded except Reoviridae viruses (Rotavirus, Reovirus & Colorado tick fever virus). 2. The Reoviridae viruses are nonenveloped viruses with double-layer... | 1 | Reovirus | Rhabdovirus | Parvovirus | Retrovirus. | Microbiology | Virology Pa-2 (RNA Virus Pa-1,2 & Miscellaneous Viruses) | 1eed6cb0-c91d-4dee-b453-a96d8a6e1ba8 | single |
A 54-year-old farmer presents to a physician with chronic cough. Chest x-ray demonstrates a mass lesion with hilar lymphadenopathy. Biopsy of the mass demonstrates multiple, tiny yeast forms within macrophages. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? | The given clinical history and the presence of tiny yeast forms within macrophages are suggestive of Histoplasmosis which is also called Darling&;s disease. Histoplasmosis: It is also known as Darling&;s disease, Cave&;s disease, OHIO disease. The causative agent is Histoplasma capsulatum, a dimorphic fungus. Transmiss... | 1 | Darling's disease | Lobo's disease | Gilchrist disease | Dese rheumatism | Microbiology | mycology | 8778a450-c97c-49d4-b22a-c2ce5d13fd91 | single |
Most common cause of artificial heart valve infection- | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Staph epidermidis o Most common cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis upto 12 months is coagulase - negative staphylococci (staph, epidermidis).Most common causes of infective endocarditiso In native wall - Staphylococcus aureus.o In early prosthetic valve (up to 12 months after valve surgery) - Stap... | 3 | Staphylococcus aureus | Streptococcus mutans | Staph epidermidis | Pneumococcus | Microbiology | Staphylococci | 8d1c3fa9-fca2-40de-bd05-c6d0bad98181 | single |
Findings in hyperparathyroidism include all of the following, except | null | 4 | Renal colic | Bone pain | Mental confusion | Dyspnea | Medicine | null | 6c93ca17-5b86-491d-b363-28a7c8c23b16 | multi |
a 16-week old child which is expected | Milestones of development at 16 weeks * Social: Laughs out loud; may show displeasure if social contact is broken; excited at sight of food. * Prone: Lifts head and chest, head in approximately veical axis; legs extended. * Supine: Symmetric posture predominates, hands in midline; reaches and grasps objects and brings ... | 2 | Make polysyllabic vowel sounds | Get excited at sight of food | Enjoy mirror | All of the above | Surgery | null | 61138454-bb12-4388-8c42-46f0cb9b1c55 | multi |
A screening test for phenylketonuria (PKU) is performed on umbilical cord blood from a fair-skinned blond, blue-eyed infant born to dark-complexioned parents. The test is repoed as negative, and no dietary restrictions are imposed. At 1 year of age, the child is seen again, this time with obvious signs of severe mental... | The concentration of phenylalanine in affected infants is usually normal at bih and increases rapidly during the first days of life. False-negative results are common immediately after bih but are rare on the second and third days of life. Consequently, the blood sample for phenylketonuria is usually taken from the inf... | 4 | cord blood is not a good source of fetal blood. | the screening (Guthrie) test has low sensitivity. | the test should have been performed on maternal blood. | the test was performed too early | Biochemistry | Tryptophan metabolism detail | a336abf2-fd1c-4b25-9729-a7bf2aad28a2 | single |
Which one of the following is NOT a fuel for gluconeogenesis? | Acetyl CoA, however, does paicipate in the inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase, so that pyruvate preferentially forms oxaloacetate pyruvate carboxylase. Oxaloacetate is then conveed into malate, which is transpoed from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm where it is conveed back into oxaloacetate. The oxaloacetate i... | 1 | Acetyl CoA | Glycerol | Lactate | Shoening of the cell cycle | Biochemistry | Metabolism of carbohydrate | 7012fe54-b441-4b28-958d-f7551fb7b220 | single |
All of the following are true about Procelain gallbladder except | Procelain Gallbladder Characterized by extensive encrustation of GB wall. Term Procelain gallbladder has been used to emphasise the blue discolouration and brittle consistency of GB wall at surgery Clinical features : Most(90%) are associated with gallstones Mean age of patients is 54 years (38-74 years) Patients are u... | 4 | May be seen on plain X-Ray | More commonly diagnosed on CT | It is an indication for cholecystectomy | Always denotes benign etiology | Anatomy | G.I.T | 9c67a78d-2535-454f-b3ae-c7cadabea725 | multi |
Resistance in bacteria is by: | Ans. D. All of the aboveExplanationPlasmidThey are extrachromosomal ds circular DNA molecules that exist in free state in the cytoplasm of bacteria, and also found in some yeasts.Plasmids are not essential for life.They can be present singly or in multiple numbers up to 40 plasmids per cell.They are capable of independ... | 4 | Transposon | Plasmid | Transduction | All of the above | Microbiology | General | f5f17923-08f5-4ccc-86ea-8186b1769cd8 | multi |
A 20 year old student presents with history of weight gain, irregular periods and worsening facial hair growth. What is the most likely diagnosis? | Hirsutism affects 5% to 10% of women The most common cause of hyperandrogenism and hirsutism is polycystic ovarian syndrome. (PCOS) Idiopathic Hirsutism is seen in 20% cases where the USG of abdomen shows a normal Ovary and adrenal with the serum androgens are of normal values. Please note: Idiopathic is not the most c... | 1 | Polycystic ovarian disease | Hypothyroidism | Obesity | Cushing's syndrome | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome | 0f031c7a-aee7-4b5f-bc67-2b617873618d | single |
An example of CXC chemokine is_____. | C-X-C chemokines have one amino acid residue separating the first two of the four conserved cysteines. These chemokines act primarily on neutrophils. IL-8 (now called CXCL8) is typical of this group. It is secreted by activated macrophages, endothelial cells, and other cell types, and causes activation and chemotaxis... | 1 | IL 8 | IL 2 | Lymphotactin | Fractalkine | Pathology | null | 2a55894c-a794-4945-8edc-49435f003bfc | single |
All are true associations of ulcerative colitis except ? | Answer is 'b' i.e. Circinate balanitis Cricinate balanitis is characterised by - serpiginous, annular lesions with slightly raised borders on the glans penis of an uncircumcised man. - in circumcised men papulosquamous plaques and papules occur on the penis. Extraintestinal manifestation of IBD A) Dermatologic - explai... | 2 | Eythema nodosum | Circinate balanitis | Sclerosing cholangitis | Aphthous stomatitis | Surgery | null | 829e8206-417b-47d2-987d-40e50839e4e5 | multi |
Transition temperature of lipid bilayers of cell membrane is increased by: | The longer and more saturated fatty acids chains interact more strongly with each other through their longer hydrocarbon chains and thus cause higher values of transition temperature (Tm) i.e higher temperatures are required to increase the fluidity of the bilayer. Transition temperature (Tm):As the temperature increas... | 3 | Cholesterol | Hydrocarbons | Saturated fatty acids | Unsaturated fatty acids | Biochemistry | null | a322298e-382d-48fe-9216-b9bf020e5aab | single |
A person presents with hemorrhagic fluid in a tense blister at dermoepidermal junction. Most probable diagnosis is: | The pemphigoid group includes a series of chronic diseases in which blisters form within the lamina lucida of the basement membrane dermoepidermal junction). The blister roof is thus the entire epidermis so it is stable. Frequently the blisters are hemorrhagic, fluid filled and tense. No accantholysis occurs, so the Tz... | 1 | Pemphigoid | Pemphigus vulgaris | Pemphigus vegetans | Drug induced pemphigus | Skin | null | 1b7b32ad-d19f-4f59-9662-a51f0476874f | single |
All of the following mechanisms of action of oral contraceptive pills are true, except: | Ans. is d, i.e. Interference with placental functioningRef: KDT 6th/ed, p314-315Even if the mechanisms by which OCP's act is not known to us, by sheer common sense we know that "Interference with placental functioning" is the incorrect option as if placenta is formed it means pregnancy is occurring which in itself is i... | 4 | Inhibition of ovulation | Prevention of fertilization | Interference with implantation of fertilized ovum | Interference with placental functioning | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Contraceptives | 58c229fa-da21-4697-8cb1-f2ebd5096900 | multi |
Peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 is inhibited by- | Ans. is 'a" i.e.. Propranolol THYROID HORMONESo Both thyToxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T4) are iodine containing derivatives of thyronine,o Thyronine is a condensation product of two molecules of amino acid tyrosine.Thyroxine (T4)- 3, 5, 3', 5' - tetraiodothyronineT3- 3, 5, 3' triiodothyTonineo Thyroid hormones are ... | 1 | Propranolol | Diltiazem | Sotalol | Sodium iodide | Pharmacology | Endocrinology | 504ece22-eff3-410e-a54c-38860c095d72 | single |
Virchow-Robin&;s space is a pa of | The piamater, together with a narrow extension of the subarachnoid space, accompanies the vessels deep into the brain tissue; this space is called the perivascular space, or Virchow-Robin&;s space | 3 | Epidural space | Subdural space | Subarachnoid space | Fouh ventricle | Anatomy | All India exam | e824516d-995b-4d33-9d32-fec008eaec79 | single |
Subepidermal bullae is seen in ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Bullous pemphigoid | 3 | Pemphigus vulgaris | Darriers disease | Bullous pemphigoid | HSV infection | Skin | null | 8b02d5ab-2d1b-4e0d-ad5a-d865933b56da | single |
Most widely accepted mechanism associated with nephropathy in chronic HBV patients is: | HBV can cause renal damage in many ways. The different pathogenesis are described as the cause for it. They are, 1. Cytopathic collisions induced by cellular virus infection 2. Deposition of immune complex paicles attributed to viral antigens and host antibodies 3. Virus-induced specific immunological mechanisms damagi... | 2 | Cytopathic collisions induced by cellular virus infection | Deposition of immune complex paicles attributed to viral antigens and host antibodies | Virus-induced specific immunological mechanisms damaging the kidney | Indirect adverse effects of virus-induced cytokines or mediators in renal tissue. | Medicine | null | 8342bea8-b5d4-495c-baee-a8af186699c0 | single |
Most common cause of facial palsy - | null | 4 | Post operative | Trauma | Ramsay hunt syndrome | Bell's palsy | ENT | null | 8bb9edeb-35d2-4ad4-898f-39abbb2abada | single |
The appropriate statistical test to find out obesity as a significant risk factor for breast cancer is: | Obesity is qualitative variable ; breast cancer also qualitative. So, appropriate statistical test to find out obesity as a significant risk factor for breast cancer is Chi-square test. | 3 | Student's paired 't' test | Student's unpaired 't' test | Chi-square test | Wilcoxon's signed rank test | Social & Preventive Medicine | Statistical Tests | 9a11820d-4c3e-49c5-a6c0-5bcfbc25792e | single |
Tapetum is a part of? | ANSWER: (B) Corpus callosumREF: Inderbir singh 9th ed p. 993CORPUS CALLOSUM:Also known as the colossal commissureThe posterior portion of the corpus callosum is called the splenium; the anterior is called the genu (or "knee"); between the two is the truncus, or "body", of the corpus callosumThe part between the body an... | 2 | Putamen | Corpus callosum | Internal capsule | Trigeminal quadrigemini | Anatomy | Cerebrum | 3e5e4122-551c-4009-ae09-0670b9e9e75c | multi |
Lesion in which area of occipital coex leads to Cerebral Achromatopsia? | Cerebral achromatopsia is an aquired loss of colour vision which occur due to damage in visual coical area V4. It is usually caused by occlusion of occipitotemporal branch of posterior cerebral aery. | 4 | Area v5 | Area v7 | Area v8 | Area v4 | Physiology | null | 73146301-4ff5-4a33-9dba-ac660f49e15b | single |
All of the following drugs are used in bronchial asthma except:- | Morphine release histamine and the resulting bronchospasm may worsen asthma. Therefore, morphine is contra-indicated in bronchial asthma. DRUGS FOR BRONCHIAL ASTHMA 1. BRONCHODILATORS a. BETA2 AGONISTS i. SHO ACTING 1. SALBUTAMOL 2. TERBUTALINE ii. LONG ACTING 1. SALMETEROL 2. FORMOTEROL b. ANTICHOLINERGICS i. IPRATROP... | 2 | Salbutamol | Morphine | Theophylline | Steroids | Pharmacology | Respiratory System | 7e1b77ca-0439-4c58-9638-359863699f3e | multi |
During active labour cervical dilatation per hour in primi is: | Ans. is a, i.e. 1.2 cmLabour is said to active when:Cervix is dilated to at least >=6cm.QRegular uterine contractions are present.QRate of dilatation is at least 1.2cm/hrQ for nulliparous and 1.5cm/hrQ for parous women. | 1 | 1.2 cm | 1.5 cm | 1.7 cm | 2 cm | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Normal Labour | 3fa4180f-42e4-4206-80dc-bc65483de7ac | single |
All are true about Adenoid hypertrophy except? | null | 4 | Adenoid facies | Rhinolalia clausa | Apnoca | U/L hearing loss | ENT | null | 21f17802-ee8e-4aca-9953-c9f0c97a61ce | multi |
All the following are causes of Acute Pancreatitis except | Answer is B (Hemochromatosis) Gall stones, Alcohol ingestions' and Hypercalcemia (e.g. Hyperparathyroidism) have all been mentioned as causes of Acute Pancreatitis. Hemochromatosis has not been includedQ as a cause in this exhaustive list. Causes of Acute Pancreatitis: Common Causes Gallstones (including microlithiasis... | 2 | Gall stones | Hemochromatosis | Hypercalcemia | Alcoholism | Medicine | null | 1b15466e-d3fa-4d8e-bd8d-4fe90a8b0fe0 | multi |
A 4-year-old boy has a chronic microcytic anemia, but no other symptoms. His physical examination is normal except for splenomegaly. His condition is due to decreased alpha-chain production, which leads to four beta-chain tetramer formation (HbH).For the above patient with a hemoglobin abnormality, select the most like... | HbH (four beta-chains) most commonly results from the compound heterozygous state for alpha thalassemia (-/-a). The phenotypic expression of the disease is quite variable. | 2 | beta-thalassemia major | HbH disease | sickle cell disease | HbC disease | Medicine | Blood | 2205eaa7-a25e-408f-bbb3-173e83fd4381 | multi |
A 10-day-old male pseudohermaphrodite child with 46 XY karyotype presents with BP of 110/80 mm Hg. Most likely enzyme deficiency is: | b. 17 hydroxylase(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2714-2423, Ghai 8/e p 526-527)In 17-hydroxylase deficiency: All pregnonolone is converted to mineralocorticoid. So, there will be:Excess of mineralocorticoids - Salt retention and hypertension.No androgens - Feminization of external male genitalia, while genitalia development will... | 2 | 21 hydroxylase | 17 hydroxylase | 11 hydroxylase | 3-beta hydroxylase | Pediatrics | Endocrinology | cc73fa6c-eb70-4568-b306-2d88dcdeb89f | single |
Deliberately pretending to have disability or illness in order to receive financial or other gains is called: | Ans: A (Malingering) Ref: Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 9th editionExplanation:Voluntary Vs Involuntary SymptomsPresentation of symptoms, signs and disability are either "involuntary" as in almost all physical problems or "voluntary" as in some psychological issues.Identification and classif... | 1 | Malingering | Factitious disorder | Conversion | Somatoform disorder | Psychiatry | Miscellaneous | 76aac64b-0394-47f7-b795-ea5296f86ba4 | multi |
Adverse effect of tocolytic agonist in pregnancy:a) HTNb) ↓ glucosec)↓K+d) Arrythmiae) Pulmonary edema | Friends I am listing down the side effect of various tocolytics, just go through them. Amongst them, most important are side effects of betamimetics.
Commonly used tocolytics | 1 | cde | acd | bde | ade | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 4b2a8c83-4778-4e0a-a774-27bf1845bbb9 | single |
Which of the following blotting technique is used to detect DNA? | Southern blot is used to detect DNA Nohern blot is used to detect RNA Western blot is used to detect proteins. | 2 | Western blot | Southern blot | Eastern blot | Nohern blot | Biochemistry | null | 8fa6f324-c5b9-42a6-ae09-8bba0fb2504f | single |
Treatment of choice for Asherman's syndrome: September 2011 | Ans. D: All of the above Laparoscopic adhesionolysis is followed by inseion of IUCD (for 3 months) and estrogen therapy, which prevents re-adhesions and helps to build up the endometrium | 4 | Hormones | Hysteroscopy and adhesiolysis | IUCD | All of the above | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 96dfc240-8cae-4092-969d-4ac21a1c8d87 | multi |
Soiling index determines: March 2012 | Ans: B i.e. Air pollution Indices and their significance Pearl index, used for measuring contraceptive efficacy, is defined as the number of 'failures per 100 woman-years of exposure (HWY)," Smoke/ soiling index is used for monitoring air pollution Chandler worked out an index on the basis of average number of hookworm... | 2 | Contraception failure | Air pollution | Number of hookworm eggs | Ratio of mucus secreting glands to thickness of wall of airways | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 2f9124b1-0cbf-4ccb-9948-8766fc66ea21 | multi |
Impotence is a feature of which of the following- | null | 1 | Multiple sclerosis | Poliomyelitis | Amyotropic lateral sclerosis | Meningitis | Medicine | null | 1e9b86fe-ec90-4ab7-b1a3-6ebfad4c37da | single |
In conn&;s syndrome the fallowing is/are true - | no systolic hypeension , muscle weakness and fatigue due to potassium depletion In conn syndrome, retention of sodium is present, due to which it seems like sodium levels are increased ,but it is not due to actual intake of sodium ( Harrison 17 pg 2260) | 1 | Diastolic HTN without oedema | Systolic HTN without oedema | Pseudotetany | Hyper Na+ | Medicine | Endocrinology | e6175476-4211-464d-bcdf-28a2b91169bc | multi |
Which of the following is a complete sulcus | Collateral sulcus and calcarine sulcus are complete sulcus | 3 | Central sulcus | Paracentral sulcus | Collateral sulcus | Post calcarine sulcus | Anatomy | null | 949a6697-1ece-40ce-97a1-beb5d6ba691c | single |
Most impoant element in treatment of diphtheria is | When a case is suspected as diphtheria, the antidiphtheritic serum should be given immediately as the moality rate increases with delay in staing Antitoxin treatment. In moderate cases, the dosage recommended is 20000 units intramuscularly and in severely ill cases 50,000- 1,00,000 units are injected, half the dose bei... | 1 | Antitoxin | Tetracycline | Erythromycin | Penicillin | Microbiology | Bacteriology | df1ee0cc-94a5-48e7-9ca0-50af9c8bb090 | single |
Periosteal reaction is not common in - | Periosteal reaction
Besides covering the bone and sharing some of its blood supply with the bone, periosteum (particularly cambium layer) also produces bone when it is stimulated.
Practically anything that breaks, tears, stretches, inflames or even touches the periosteum, stimulates the reactive bone formation by per... | 2 | Syphilis | Gout | Osteomyelitis | Tuberculous dactylitis | Orthopaedics | null | b298e37a-cb5c-4f47-9f68-56c0c86afce6 | single |
The cause of hyperuricemia and gout in glucose-6phosphatase deficiency is : | A i.e More formation of pentose Von Gierke's (type Ia glycogen storage) disease d/t deficiency of glucose 6 phosphatase enzymeQ is autosomal recessive in inheritance. It is characterized by - Cells (of liver, renal tubular epithelium & intestinal mucosa) containing normal structured metabolically unavailable glycogen, ... | 1 | More formation of pentose | Decreased availability of glucose to tissues | Increased accumulation of sorbitol | Impaired degradation of free radicals | Biochemistry | null | 74c41de1-130a-405a-87da-7c7035f6da7d | single |
Which of the following coagulation factors deficient in classical hemophilia? | null | 1 | VIII | IX | X | XII | Physiology | null | 97a622fa-41ae-41e9-b9e2-ebe72ff39b93 | single |
Which of the following defines heterotopic pregnancy | 1 Ectopic pregnancy + 1 intrauterine pregnancy is heterotopic pregnancy. | 2 | One tubal and one abdominal pregnancy | One ectopic and one intrauterine pregnancy | Two pregnancies, one in each fallopian tube | Two ectopic pregnancies in one fallopian tube. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | f25bd653-2573-44ec-83e3-4089f713702a | multi |
Complements synthesized in liver | null | 2 | C2,C4 | C3,C6,C9 | C5,C8 | C1 | Microbiology | null | 7e9bba33-2393-4ce1-87a1-df45dd8a88da | single |
Which is false about penicillium marneffei - | null | 1 | Black colonies | Dimorphic fungi | Amphotericin B used for treatment | Causes fulminant infections in immuno-compromised patients | Microbiology | null | ba360b84-ad10-45ff-bab8-ff3480e2a59a | multi |
Metabolic compensation in a child with respiratory acidosis takes how much time? | Secondary respiratory compen sations to metabolic acid-base disorders occur within minutes and is completed by 12 to 24 hr. In contrast secondary metabolic compensation of respiratory disorders begins more slowly and takes 2 to 5 days for completion. The compensatory mechanisms do not return the pH to normal until the ... | 3 | < 1 day | 1-2 days | 3-4 days | More than 7 days | Pediatrics | Body composition and Acid base Balance | 7ca5e2f9-73a4-4434-ac6d-fb6b884e48b5 | single |
All the following statements about alpha–glucosidase inhibitors are true EXCEPT: | null | 3 | Reduces intestinal absorption of carbohydrates | Effective in both type 1 and 2 diabetes | Hypoglycemia is a common and serious side effect | Can be used with other oral hypoglycemic agents | Pharmacology | null | 63ba1a8c-dc9f-4c0b-b9c9-c6dcb70079b9 | multi |
Which one of the following is best avoided in the treatment of acute pancreatitis - | null | 3 | Antibiotics | Nasogastric suction | Anti cholinergics | Morphine | Medicine | null | 1ec05275-1dde-4fc9-be3d-95080d964be3 | single |
Which of the following drugs is most useful for acute depression and has good side effect profile? | Most effective drug for acute depression is SSRI i.e. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. They are drug of choice for the same. They have very less side effects as compared to tricyclic antidepressants. | 2 | RIMA | SSRIs | Tricyclic Antidepressants | Non selective MAO-inhibitors | Pharmacology | Psychiatric Illness | 729de455-da1d-407b-a5c2-da983b6e4f54 | single |
Which of the following best describes the mechanism of induction of labor with use of aboion stick? | Aboion stick is a method of criminal aboion usually performed by professional aboionists (dhais) It is introduced into the vagina or os of uterus and retained there till uterine contractions begin. Ref: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology By Dr K S Narayan Reddy, 27th Edition, Chapter 14, Pages 373-76; P... | 1 | Stimulation of uterine contraction | Oxytocin present in the stick | Uterine necrosis | Menstrual bleeding | Forensic Medicine | null | 1015a694-840d-47eb-84b4-7502f1ce7085 | single |
All of the following anticancer agents cause bone marrow depression except - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Flutamine Flutamide is a non steroidal drug having specific antiandrogenic, but no other hormonal activity. o Daunarubicin, Doxorubicin and chlorambucil are all known agents for bone marrow depression. | 4 | Chlorambucil | Daunorubicin | Doxarubucin | Flutamide | Pharmacology | null | e88a1a3d-42cf-4ba2-b5f0-0e068bb4e7ac | multi |
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