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Mash ingredients-Malts-Crystal malt Crystal malts, or caramel malts are prepared separately from pale malts. They are high-nitrogen malts that are wetted and roasted in a rotating drum before kilning. They produce strongly sweet toffee-like flavors and are sufficiently converted that they can be steeped without mashing... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mash ingredients-Malts-Distiller's malt Standard distiller's malt or pot still malt is quite light and very high in nitrogen compared to beer malts. These malts are used in the production of whiskey/whisky and generally originate from northern Scotland. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mash ingredients-Malts-Peated malt Peated malt is distiller's malt that has been smoked over burning peat, which imparts the aroma and flavor characteristics of Islay whisky and some Irish whiskey. Recently, some brewers have also included peated malt in interpretations of Scotch ales, although this is generally ahisto... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mash ingredients-Malts-Vienna malt Vienna malt or Helles malt is the characteristic grain of Vienna lager and Märzen; although it generally takes up only ten to fifteen percent of the grain bill in a beer, it can be used as a base malt. It has sufficient enzymatic power to self-convert, and it is somewhat darker and ki... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mash ingredients-Malts-Munich malt Munich malt is used as the base malt of the bock beer style, especially doppelbock, and appears in dunkel lager and Märzens in smaller quantities. While a darker grain than pale malt, it has sufficient diastatic power to self-convert, despite being kilned at temperatures around 115 °C... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mash ingredients-Malts-Rauchmalz Rauchmalz is a German malt that is prepared by being dried over an open flame rather than via kiln. The grain has a smoky aroma and is an essential ingredient in Bamberg Rauchbier.
Acid malt Acid malt, also known as acidulated malt, whose grains contain lactic acid, can be used as a con... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mash ingredients-Other grains-Wheat Wheat malt Beer brewed in the German Hefeweizen style relies heavily on malted wheat as a grain. Under the Reinheitsgebot, wheat was treated separately from barley, as it was the more expensive grain.
Torrefied wheat Torrefied wheat is used in British brewing to increase the size and... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mash ingredients-Other grains-Rye The use of rye in a beer typifies the rye beer style, especially the German Roggenbier. Rye is also used in the Slavic kvass and Finnish sahti farmhouse styles, as readily available grains in eastern Europe. However, the use of rye in brewing is considered difficult as rye lacks a hull... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mash ingredients-Other grains-Sorghum and millet Sorghum and millet are often used in African brewing. As gluten-free grains, they have gained popularity in the Northern Hemisphere as base materials for beers suitable for people with Celiac disease. Sorghum produces a dark, hazy beer. However, sorghum malt is difficul... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mash ingredients-Other grains-Rice and maize In the US, rice and maize (corn) are often used by commercial breweries as a means of adding fermentable sugars to a beer cheaply, due to the ready availability and low price of the grains. Maize is also the base grain in chicha and some cauim, as well as Bourbon whiskey and... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mash ingredients-Other grains-Maize was originally introduced into the brewing of American lagers because of the high protein content of the six-row barley; adding maize, which is high in sugar but low in protein, helped thin out the body of the resulting beer. Increased amounts of maize use over time led to the develo... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mash ingredients-Non-cereal grains-Buckwheat and quinoa, while not cereal grasses (but are whole grains), both contain high levels of available starch and protein, while containing no gluten. Therefore, some breweries use these plants in the production of beer suitable for people with Celiac disease, either alone or in... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mash ingredients-Syrups and extracts-Another way of adding sugar or flavoring to a malt beverage is the addition of natural or artificial sugar products such as honey, white sugar, Dextrose, and/or malt extract. While these ingredients can be added during the mash, the enzymes in the mash do not act on them. Such ingre... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mash ingredients-Syrups and extracts-One syrup commonly used in mash, however, is dry or dried malt extract or DME. DME is prepared by mashing malt in the normal fashion, then concentrating and spray drying the resulting wort. DME is used extensively in homebrewing as a substitute for base malt. It typically has no dia... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mash ingredients-Regional differences-Britain British brewing makes use of a wide variety of malts, with considerable stylistic freedom for the brewer to blend them. Many British malts were developed only as recently as the Industrial Revolution, as improvements in temperature-controlled kilning allowed finer control o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mash ingredients-Regional differences-The typical British brewer's malt is a well-modified, low-nitrogen barley grown in the east of England or southeast of Scotland. In England, the best-known brewer's malt is made from the Maris Otter strain of barley; other common strains are Halcyon, Pipkin, Chariot, and Fanfare. M... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mash ingredients-Regional differences-Continental Europe Before controlled-temperature kilning became available, malted grains were dried over wood fires; Rauchmalz (German: smoked malt) is malt dried using this traditional process. In Germany, beech is often used as the wood for the fire, imparting a strongly smoky fl... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mash ingredients-Regional differences-Similarly to crystal malts in Britain, central Europe makes use of caramel malts, which are moistened and kilned at temperatures around 55–65 °C in a rotating drum before being heated to higher temperatures for browning. The lower-temperature moistened kilning causes conversion and... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mash ingredients-Regional differences-United States American brewing combines British and Central European heritages, and as such uses all the above forms of beer malt; Belgian-style brewing is less common but its popularity is growing. In addition, America also makes use of some specialized malts: 6-row pale malt is a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mash ingredients-Regional differences-Victory malt is a specialized lightly roasted 2-row malt that provides biscuity, caramel flavors to a beer. Similar in color to amber and brown malt, it is often an addition to American brown ale. 25 °L, no diastatic power.
Other notable American barley malts include Special Roast ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mash ingredients-Regional differences-Belgium Belgian brewing makes use of the same grains as central European brewing. In general, though, Belgian malts are slightly darker and sweeter than their central European counterparts. In addition, Belgian brewing uses some local malts: Pale malt in Belgium is generally darker... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mash ingredients-Regional differences-Special B is a dark, intensely sweet crystal malt providing a strong malt flavor.
Biscuit malt is a lightly flavored roasted malt used to darken some Belgian beers. 45–50 EBC/25 °L.
Aromatic malt, by contrast, provides an intensely malty flavor. Kilned at 115 °C, it retains enough ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lipopolysaccharide glucosyltransferase II-Lipopolysaccharide glucosyltransferase II-In enzymology, a lipopolysaccharide glucosyltransferase II (EC 2.4.1.73) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP-glucose + lipopolysaccharide ⇌ UDP + alpha-D-glucosyl-lipopolysaccharideThus, the two substrates of this enz... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vital Information for a Virtual Age-Vital Information for a Virtual Age-Vital Information for a Virtual Age, also known as '¡VIVA!', is to empower high school students and assist them in serving their communities; to improve the awareness and use of quality health information resources in communities; and to create stu... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vital Information for a Virtual Age-History-In 2001, four juniors from Med High were selected to be part of the Peer Tutor project at Biblioteca Las Américas to teach MedlinePlus and PubMed to their peers, their families and the staff of Med High.
Goals included increasing the utilization of MedlinePlus and other healt... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vital Information for a Virtual Age-Funding-This project has been funded in whole or in part with Federal funds from the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, under Contract No. HHSN-276-2011-00007-C with the Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vital Information for a Virtual Age-Awards-2012 National School Library Media Program of the Year - District libraries category.
2006 National School Library Media Program of the Year - Individual Library category.
2004 U.S. National Commission on Libraries and Information Science Blue Ribbon Consumer Health Informatio... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vital Information for a Virtual Age-Publications-Click here to view a complete list of publications.
Helping Friends and Family Find Health Information: A Photovoice Evaluation of Teens Promoting MedlinePlus presented at MLA 2014 in a poster session.
NN/LM Evaluation Liaisons’ TeleconferenceSeptember 28, 2010 “Adolesce... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Georges Giralt PhD Award-Georges Giralt PhD Award-The Georges Giralt PhD Award is a European scientific prize for extraordinary contributions in robotics. It is yearly awarded at the European Robotics Forum by euRobotics AISBL, a non-profit organisation based in Brussels with the objective to turn robotics beneficial f... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Georges Giralt PhD Award-Georges Giralt PhD Award-The high reputation of the Georges Giralt PhD Award is based on the prominent role of the awarding institution euRobotics. With more than 250 member organisations, euRobotics represents the academic and industrial robotics community in Europe. Moreover, it provides the ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Georges Giralt PhD Award-Georges Giralt PhD Award-The US-American counterpart is the Dick Volz Award. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Georges Giralt PhD Award-Award winners-2023 Antonio Andriella, Ribin Balachandran 2022 Antonio Loquercio, Michael Lutter 2021 Giuseppe Averta, Bernd Henze 2020 Cosimo Della Santina 2019 Grazioso Stanislao, Teodor Tomic 2018 Frank Bonnet, Daniel Leidner 2017 Johannes Englsberger 2016 Alexander Dietrich, Mark Müller 2015... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Photoacoustic microscopy-Photoacoustic microscopy-Photoacoustic microscopy is an imaging method based on the photoacoustic effect and is a subset of photoacoustic tomography. Photoacoustic microscopy takes advantage of the local temperature rise that occurs as a result of light absorption in tissue. Using a nanosecond ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Photoacoustic microscopy-Photoacoustic signal-The goal of photoacoustic microscopy is to find the local pressure rise p0 , which can be used to calculate the absorption coefficient μa according to the formula: p0=ΓηthμaF, where ηth is the percentage of light converted to heat, F is the local optical fluence (J/cm2)... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Photoacoustic microscopy-Image reconstruction-One of the major benefits of photoacoustic microscopy is the simplicity of image reconstruction. A laser pulse excites tissue in the axial direction and the resulting photoacoustic waves are detected by an ultrasound transducer. The transducer then converts the mechanical e... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Photoacoustic microscopy-Image reconstruction-Synthetic Aperture Image Reconstruction Altering delays of the elements on an ultrasound transducer allows one to focus ultrasound waves similar to passing through an acoustic lens. This delay-and-sum method enables one to find the signal at each focal point. However, the l... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Photoacoustic microscopy-Contrast-In photoacoustic imaging modalities, including photoacoustic microscopy, contrast is based on photon excitation and is thus determined by the optical properties of the tissue. When an electron absorbs a photon, it moves to a higher energy state. Upon returning to a lower energy level, ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Photoacoustic microscopy-Contrast-Endogenous Contrast Agents Endogenous contrast agents, molecules naturally occurring within the body, are useful in photoacoustic microscopy due to the fact that they may be imaged non-invasively. Endogenous agents are also non-toxic and do not affect the properties of the tissue being... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Photoacoustic microscopy-Contrast-Ultraviolet Absorbers Within the ultraviolet light range (λ = 180 to 400 nm), the primary absorber in the body is DNA and RNA. By using ultraviolet photoacoustic microscopy, DNA and RNA can be imaged in the cell nuclei without the use of fluorescence labeling. Since cancer is associate... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Photoacoustic microscopy-Contrast-Visible Light Absorbers Visible light absorbers (λ = 400 to 700 nm) include oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, melanin, and cytochrome c. Visible light photoacoustic microscopy is particularly useful in determining hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation due to the difference in ab... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Photoacoustic microscopy-Contrast-Near-Infrared Absorbers Near-Infrared absorbers (λ = 700 to 1400 nm) include water, lipids, and glucose. Photoacoustic determination of blood glucose levels can be used for treating diabetes, while studying lipid concentrations within blood vessels is important for monitoring the progr... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Photoacoustic microscopy-Contrast-Exogenous Contrast Agents Although endogenous contrasts agents are noninvasive and simpler to use, they are limited by their inherent behavior and concentration, making it difficult to monitor certain processes if optical absorption is weak. On the other hand, exogenous agents can be e... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Photoacoustic microscopy-Contrast-Organic Dyes Organic dyes, such as ICG-PEG and Evans blue, are used to enhance vasculature as well as to improve tumor imaging. In addition, dyes are easily filtered out of the body due to their small size (≤ 3 nm). | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Photoacoustic microscopy-Contrast-Nanoparticles Nanoparticles are currently being researched due to their chemical inactivity and ability to target tumor cells. These properties allow for cancer propagation to be monitored and potentially enables intraoperative cancer removal. However, more studies on short-term toxici... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Photoacoustic microscopy-Contrast-Fluorescent Proteins Fluorescent proteins have been developed for fluorescence microscopy imaging and are unique in that they can be genetically encoded and therefore do not need to be delivered into the body. Using photoacoustic microscopy, fluorescent proteins can be visualized at de... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Photoacoustic microscopy-Resolution-Photoacoustic microscopy achieves greater penetration than conventional microscopy due to ultrasonic detection. As a result, axial resolution is defined acoustically and is determined by the formula: 0.88 νAΔfA, where νA is the speed of sound in the medium and ΔfA is the photoacous... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Photoacoustic microscopy-Resolution-The lateral resolution of photoacoustic microscopy depends on the optical and acoustic foci of the system. Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) uses a tighter optical focus than acoustic focus, while acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (AR-PAM) uses a tighter... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Photoacoustic microscopy-Resolution-Optical-Resolution Photoacoustic microscopy Due to a tighter optical focus, OR-PAM is more useful for imaging in the quasi-ballistic range of depths up to 1 mm. The lateral resolution of OR-PAM is determined by the formula: 0.51 λONAO, where λO is the optical wavelength and NAO is ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Photoacoustic microscopy-Resolution-Acoustic-Resolution Photoacoustic microscopy At depths greater than 1 mm and up to 3 mm, acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (AR-PAM) is more useful due to greater optical scattering. Acoustic scattering is much weaker beyond the optical diffusion limit, making AR-PAM more p... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Photoacoustic microscopy-Dark-field Confocal Photoacoustic microscopy-By ignoring ballistic light, dark-field confocal photoacoustic microscopy reduces surface signal. This method uses a dark-field pulsed laser and high-NA ultrasonic detection, with the fiber output end coaxially aligned with the focused ultrasound tra... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Photoacoustic microscopy-Biomedical applications-Photoacoustic microscopy has a wide range of applications in the biomedical field. Due to its ability to image a variety of molecules based on optical wavelength, photoacoustic microscopy can be used to gain functional information about the body noninvasively. Blood flow... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor-Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor-Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors are a family of anti-cancer drugs that interfere with the growth of tumor cells by blocking the formation of deoxyribonucleotides (building blocks of DNA).
Examples include: motexafin gadolinium.
hydroxyurea fludar... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
E-social science-E-social science-E-social science is a more recent development in conjunction with the wider developments in e-science. It is social science using grid computing and other information technologies to collect, process, integrate, share, and disseminate social and behavioural data. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Methylene blue-Methylene blue-Methylthioninium chloride, commonly called methylene blue, is a salt used as a dye and as a medication. As a medication, it is mainly used to treat methemoglobinemia by converting/chemically reducing the ferric iron in hemoglobin to ferrous iron. Specifically, it is used to treat methemogl... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Methylene blue-Uses-Methemoglobinemia Methylene blue is employed as a medication for the treatment of methemoglobinemia, which can arise from ingestion of certain pharmaceuticals, toxins, or broad beans. Normally, through the NADH or NADPH dependent methemoglobin reductase enzymes, methemoglobin is reduced back to hemo... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Methylene blue-Uses-Methylphen Cyanide poisoning Since its reduction potential is similar to that of oxygen and can be reduced by components of the electron transport chain, large doses of methylene blue are sometimes used as an antidote to potassium cyanide poisoning, a method first successfully tested in 1933 by Dr. ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Methylene blue-Uses-Dye or stain Methylene blue is used in endoscopic polypectomy as an adjunct to saline or epinephrine, and is used for injection into the submucosa around the polyp to be removed. This allows the submucosal tissue plane to be identified after the polyp is removed, which is useful in determining if mo... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Methylene blue-Uses-Placebo Methylene blue has been used as a placebo; physicians would tell their patients to expect their urine to change color and view this as a sign that their condition had improved. This same side effect makes methylene blue difficult to use in traditional placebo-controlled clinical studies, inc... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Methylene blue-Uses-Ifosfamide toxicity Another use of methylene blue is to treat ifosfamide neurotoxicity. Methylene blue was first reported for treatment and prophylaxis of ifosfamide neuropsychiatric toxicity in 1994. A toxic metabolite of ifosfamide, chloroacetaldehyde (CAA), disrupts the mitochondrial respiratory ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Methylene blue-Uses-Shock It has also been used in septic shock and anaphylaxis.Methylene blue consistently increases blood pressure in people with vasoplegic syndrome (redistributive shock), but has not been shown to improve delivery of oxygen to tissues or to decrease mortality.Methylene blue has been used in calcium... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Methylene blue-Side effects-Methylene blue is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), and if infused intravenously at doses exceeding 5 mg/kg, may precipitate serious serotonin toxicity, serotonin syndrome, if combined with any selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or other serotonin reuptake inhibitor (e.g., d... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Methylene blue-Chemistry-Methylene blue is a formal derivative of phenothiazine. It is a dark green powder that yields a blue solution in water. The hydrated form has 3 molecules of water per unit of methylene blue.
Preparation This compound is prepared by oxidation of 4-aminodimethylaniline in the presence of sodium t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Methylene blue-Other uses-Redox indicator Methylene blue is widely used as a redox indicator in analytical chemistry. Solutions of this substance are blue when in an oxidizing environment, but will turn colorless if exposed to a reducing agent. The redox properties can be seen in a classical demonstration of chemical k... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Methylene blue-Other uses-Peroxide generator Methylene blue is also a photosensitizer used to create singlet oxygen when exposed to both oxygen and light. It is used in this regard to make organic peroxides by a Diels-Alder reaction which is spin forbidden with normal atmospheric triplet oxygen. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Methylene blue-Other uses-Sulfide analysis The formation of methylene blue after the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine and iron(III) at pH 0.4 – 0.7 is used to determine by photometric measurements sulfide concentration in the range 0.020 to 1.50 mg/L (20 ppb to 1.5 ppm). The test is very se... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Methylene blue-Other uses-Test for milk freshness Methylene blue is a dye behaving as a redox indicator that is commonly used in the food industry to test the freshness of milk and dairy products. A few drops of methylene blue solution added to a sample of milk should remain blue (oxidized form in the presence of enoug... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Methylene blue-Other uses-Water testing The adsorption of methylene blue serves as an indicator defining the adsorptive capacity of granular activated carbon in water filters. Adsorption of methylene blue is very similar to adsorption of pesticides from water, this quality makes methylene blue serve as a good predictor... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Methylene blue-Other uses-A color reaction in an acidified, aqueous methylene blue solution containing chloroform can detect anionic surfactants in a water sample. Such a test is known as an MBAS assay (methylene blue active substances assay).
The MBAS assay cannot distinguish between specific surfactants, however. Som... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Methylene blue-Other uses-Biological staining In biology, methylene blue is used as a dye for a number of different staining procedures, such as Wright's stain and Jenner's stain. Since it is a temporary staining technique, methylene blue can also be used to examine RNA or DNA under the microscope or in a gel: as an ex... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Methylene blue-Other uses-Aquaculture Methylene blue is used in aquaculture and by tropical fish hobbyists as a treatment for fungal infections. It can also be effective in treating fish infected with ich although a combination of malachite green and formaldehyde is far more effective against the parasitic protozoa Ich... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Methylene blue-Other uses-Methylene blue is also very effective when used as part of a "medicated fish bath" for treatment of ammonia, nitrite, and cyanide poisoning as well as for topical and internal treatment of injured or sick fish as a "first response". | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Methylene blue-History-Methylene blue has been described as "the first fully synthetic drug used in medicine." Methylene blue was first prepared in 1876 by German chemist Heinrich Caro.Its use in the treatment of malaria was pioneered by Paul Guttmann and Paul Ehrlich in 1891. During this period before the first World ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Methylene blue-Names-The International Nonproprietary Name (INN) of methylene blue is methylthioninium chloride. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Methylene blue-Research-Malaria Methylene blue was identified by Paul Ehrlich about 1891 as a possible treatment for malaria. It disappeared as an anti-malarial during the Pacific War in the tropics, since American and Allied soldiers disliked its two prominent, but reversible side effects: turning the urine blue or gr... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Methylene blue-Research-Alzheimer's A Phase 3 clinical trial of LMTM (TauRx0237 or LMT-X), a derivative of methylene blue, failed to show any benefit against cognitive or functional decline in people with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Disease progression for both the drug and the placebo were practically identi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
High Way Race-High Way Race-High Way Race is an arcade auto racing game released by Taito in April 1983. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
High Way Race-Gameplay-The player is taking part in a cross country auto race. The player car will accelerate automatically, up to its maximum speed of 218 kilometres per hour (135 mph), but it can be slowed by a brake button. Other cars on the track will attempt to crash into the player car, but if they cannot be dodg... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
High Way Race-Ports-High Way Race was released on February 24, 2022 by Hamster Corporation as part of their Arcade Archives collection for the Nintendo Switch. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Robbed-bit signaling-Robbed-bit signaling-In communications systems, robbed-bit signaling (RBS) is a scheme to provide maintenance and line signaling services on many T1 digital carrier circuits using channel-associated signaling (CAS). The T1 carrier circuit is a type of dedicated circuit currently employed in North A... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Robbed-bit signaling-Context-The T1 circuit is divided into 24 channels, each carrying 8,000 samples per second, each 8 bits long. The Super Frame (SF) consist of 12 frames of 24 channels. The DS1 designation consist of 24 frames called, Extended Super Frame (ESF). In either designation, these channels are multiplexed ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Robbed-bit signaling-Context-Intuitively, 5 out of 6 frames have 8-bit resolution equal to 64 kbit/s (8 bits × 8,000 samples per second = 64 kbit/s) and 1 out of every 6 frames has a 7-bit resolution (7 bits × 8,000 samples per second = 56 kbit/s). The total rate for a channel is therefore 62.666 kbit/s. The distortion... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Robbed-bit signaling-Bit robbing-The robbed-bit signal scheme is used in the super frame circuit (SF). It takes the least significant bit of each channel in every sixth frame and utilizes it to convey on or off hook, and busy signal status on telephone lines. The first bit of every six is called A bit, the second bit i... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Robbed-bit signaling-Bit robbing-As in other carrier systems, the physical properties of an actual trunk wire are missing. With analog trunks, to signal the equipment at the far end that a trunk was going to be used, equipment would "loop" the line by connecting the wires together at one end or ground start one of the ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Robbed-bit signaling-Bit robbing-To do this, signaling equipment "steals" the eighth bit of each channel on every sixth frame (see Super Frame and Extended Super Frame) and replaces it with signaling information. This means that the low-order bit on every sixth sample in every DS0 carried on the T1, in either direction... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Robbed-bit signaling-Bit robbing-Robbed-bit signaling can have an effect on audio quality under certain circumstances. When a voice call is connected to a quiet termination, as can happen when on hold in a PBX that does not have music on hold or comfort noise enabled, and certain types of framing circuits are used, the... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Robbed-bit signaling-Bit robbing-With Super Frame framing, the robbed bits are named A and B. With Extended Super Frame, the same stream is divided into four bits, named A, B, C, and D. The meanings of these bits depend on what type of signaling is provisioned on the channel. The most common types of signaling are loop... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hybrid electric aircraft-Hybrid electric aircraft-A hybrid electric aircraft is an aircraft with a hybrid electric powertrain. As the energy density of lithium-ion batteries is much lower than aviation fuel, a hybrid electric powertrain may effectively increase flight range compared to pure electric aircraft.
By May 20... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hybrid electric aircraft-History-The Boeing Truss-Braced Wing subsonic concept was planned with hybrid electric propulsion. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hybrid electric aircraft-History-The Diamond DA36 E-Star first flew on 8 June 2011, the first flight of a series hybrid powertrain, reducing fuel consumption and emissions by up to 25%, a technology scalable to a 100-seater airliner. A small and 100 kg (220 lb) lighter Austro Engine 40 hp (30 kW) Wankel engine generate... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hybrid electric aircraft-History-The AgustaWestland Project Zero was intended to be hybrid-electric. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hybrid electric aircraft-History-2011 Nasa sponsored a centennial challenge to encourage the development of the world's most fuel-efficient airplane. The contest got co-sponsored by Google and was conducted in California skies. Amongst the entrants was the world's first parallel gas-electric hybrid aircraft called the ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hybrid electric aircraft-History-2014 Faradair Aerospace launches a Triple Box-wing hybrid electric aircraft concept Called the BEHA (Bio Electric Hybrid Aircraft) as one of the world's first regional aircraft specifically designed for hybrid electric regional flight. The UK start-up has continued development from the ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hybrid electric aircraft-History-2017 Zunum Aero, backed by Boeing and JetBlue, is working since 2014 on a family of 10- to 50-seat hybrid electric regional aircraft. On 5 October 2017, Zunum launched the development of a six-to-12-seat aircraft. Aiming to fly in 2020 and be delivered in 2022, it should lower operating... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hybrid electric aircraft-History-2018 The 1,300-shp GE Catalyst could be used in hybrid-electric propulsion: in late 2016, General Electric modified a GE F110 fighter turbofan to extract 250 kW from its HP turbine and 750 kW from its LP turbine, supported by the USAF Research Laboratory and NASA, developed and tested a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hybrid electric aircraft-History-The EU funded the Hypstair program with €6.55 million over three years till 2016 for a TRL of 4: a Pipistrel Panthera mockup received a serial hybrid-electric powertrain, ground testing a 200-kW motor driven by batteries only, by a 100-kW generator-only and by both combined. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hybrid electric aircraft-History-It is followed by Mahepa project from 2017, EU-funded over four years with €9 million under the Horizon 2020 research program to reduce aviation carbon emissions by 70% in 2050, till TRL 6 before entering product development.The Panthera drivetrain will be divided in modules: electric m... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hybrid electric aircraft-History-The dual-fuselage, four-seat, battery-powered Pipistrel Taurus G4 received a DLR hydrogen fuel cell powertrain to fly as the HY4 in September 2016, with hydrogen tanks and batteries in the fuselages, fuel cells and motor in the central nacelle. Partners are German motor and inverter dev... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hybrid electric aircraft-History-The clean-sheet, all-composite VoltAero Cassio prototype should follow in 2020, before deliveries in late 2021 or early 2022. It will be powered by two 60 kW (80 hp) electric motors driving tractor propellers on the wing and a 170 kW (230 hp) piston engine and 150 kW (200 hp) motor driv... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hybrid electric aircraft-History-2019 By January 2019, U.S. startup Ampaire was replacing the Cessna 337 Skymaster (a push-pull aircraft) aft piston engine with an electric motor, to fly the prototype on Hawaiian Mokulele Airlines commuter routes operated with Cessna Caravans. Seven other airlines are interested by Car... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hybrid electric aircraft-History-The 2 MW (2,700 hp) design is similar to the Airbus E-Fan X program, but aims for certification and production for a subsequent commercial offer.
One 2,150 hp (1,600 kW) PW121 turboprop will be replaced by a 1 MW (1,300 hp) gas turbine joined with an electric motor of the same rating, p... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
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