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"Phone cloning-GSM cloning-Older GSM SIM cards can be cloned by performing a cryptographic attack against the COMP128 authentication algorithm used by these older SIM cards. By connecting the SIM card to a computer, the authentication procedure be repeated many times in order to slowly leak information about the secret... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Solana (blockchain platform)-Outages-The Solana blockchain had experienced several notable outages in service." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Statement analysis-Criticism-Aldert Vrij, one of the leading authorities on detection of deception (DOD) techniques, points out that most studies of the technique did not rely on the ground truth being established and thus examiners could not be certain if \"examinees were actually telling the truth or lying\". He als... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Challenge\u2013response spam filtering-Criticisms-Challenges sent to forged email addresses Spammers can use a fake, non-existent address as sender address (in the From: field) in the e-mail header, but can also use a forged, existing sender address (a valid, but an arbitrary person's address without this person's con... | large_corpus_distillation |
also extends an RDF store with additional requirements necessary to facilitate the aspects of Notation 3 that go beyond the RDF model to provide a framework for First Order Predicate Logic processing and persistence." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Drift plus penalty-Application to convex programming-However, a key difference is that the dual subgradient algorithm is typically analyzed under restrictive strict convexity assumptions that are needed for the primal variables x(t) to converge. There are many important cases where these variables do not converge to t... | large_corpus_distillation |
activity of transient instructions every 1ns and making predictions every 10 nanoseconds, allowing detection of transient attacks such as Spectre and Meltdown before data leakage occurs, and it automatically enables counter measurements in the chip. This technology is also equipped with adversarial training, making it ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"4.2E: EXERCISES FOR SECTION 4.2\n1) What is the linear approximation for any generic linear function y=mx+b?\n2) Determine the necessary conditions such that the linear approximation function is constant. Use a graph to prove your result.\nAnswer\nf\u2032(a)=0\n3) Explain why the linear approximation becomes less accu... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stack (abstract data type)-Hardware stack-Some environments that rely heavily on stacks may provide additional operations, for example: Duplicate: the top item is popped, and then pushed again (twice), so that an additional copy of the former top item is now on top, with the original below it.\nPeek: the topmost item ... | large_corpus_distillation |
integers Z^, the (infinite) product of the rings of p-adic integers Zp over all prime numbers p.\nThe Hecke ring, the ring generated by Hecke operators.\nIf S is a set, then the power set of S becomes a ring if we define addition to be the symmetric difference of sets and multiplication to be intersection. This is an... | large_corpus_distillation |
it, and displays the aggregated information in a relevance-ranked search result." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Zero-acquaintance personality judgments-Zero-acquaintance personality judgments-A zero-acquaintance situation requires a perceiver to make a judgment about a target with whom the perceiver has had no prior social interaction. These judgments can be made using a variety of cues, including brief interactions with the ta... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fish (Unix shell)-Fish (Unix shell)-fish is a Unix shell with a focus on interactivity and usability. Fish is designed to give the user features by default, rather than by configuration. Fish is considered an exotic shell since it does not rigorously adhere to POSIX shell standards, at the discretion of the maintainer... | large_corpus_distillation |
is explained in terms of locks; there is a lock associated with each object." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Instruction pipelining-History-Special situations Self-modifying programs The technique of self-modifying code can be problematic on a pipelined processor. In this technique, one of the effects of a program is to modify its own upcoming instructions. If the processor has an instruction cache, the original instruction ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Block nested loop-Block nested loop-algorithm block_nested_loop_join is for each page pr in R do for each page ps in S do for each tuple r in pr do for each tuple s in ps do if r and s satisfy the join condition then yield tuple <r,s> A more aggressive variant of this algorithm loads as many pages of R as can be fit ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Neyman construction-Theory-Assume X1,X2,...Xn are random variables with joint pdf f(x1,x2,...xn|\u03b81,\u03b82,...,\u03b8k) , which depends on k unknown parameters. For convenience, let \u0398 be the sample space defined by the n random variables and subsequently define a sample point in the sample space as X=(X1... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cryptanalysis of the Enigma-The Enigma machine-Security properties The various Enigma models provided different levels of security. The presence of a plugboard (Steckerbrett) substantially increased the security of the encipherment. Each pair of letters that were connected together by a plugboard lead were referred to... | large_corpus_distillation |
of balls, each either red or green.\n2.3.15 https://stats.libretexts.org/@go/page/10131" | large_corpus_distillation |
On July 6, 2004, US-CERT released an exploit report in which the last of seven workarounds was to use a different browser, especially when visiting untrusted sites." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Project Euler-Project Euler-Project Euler (named after Leonhard Euler) is a website dedicated to a series of computational problems intended to be solved with computer programs. The project attracts graduates and students interested in mathematics and computer programming. Since its creation in 2001 by Colin Hughes, P... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Convex function-Properties-Many properties of convex functions have the same simple formulation for functions of many variables as for functions of one variable. See below the properties for the case of many variables, as some of them are not listed for functions of one variable." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Inventory (library and archive)-Sampling-Management of sampling surveys Once librarians are laying hands on individual books in their sample, what do they look for? They should check the cover of the book for discoloration, peeling, damage. Then they should open the book and look at the pages of the text\u2014are they... | large_corpus_distillation |
2017). Given word embeddings popular usage in NLP applications such as search ranking, CV parsing and recommendation systems, the biases that exist in pre-trained word embeddings may have further reaching impact than we realize." | large_corpus_distillation |
the algorithm rapid, they used edited photos with animals inserted in the shot of the given sensors view to sense the different animals. This training was able to make the technology more accurate with fewer false positives and false negatives. This method increased the ability to categorize animals\u2019 photos, provi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Visvalingam\u2013Whyatt algorithm-Algorithm-Advantages The algorithm is easy to understand and explain, but is often competitive with much more complex approaches.\nWith the use of a priority queue, the algorithm is performant on large inputs, since the importance of each point can be computed using only its neighbors... | large_corpus_distillation |
of a flat die is that the opposite faces on the shorter axis have slightly larger\n4 8\nprobabilities that the other four faces. Flat dice are sometimes used by gamblers to cheat.\nX\nA standard, fair die is thrown and the score is recorded. Compute each of the following:\nE(X)\n1.\nvar(X)\n2.\nskew(X)\n3.\nkurt(X)\n4.... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cantor set-Construction and formula of the ternary set-The Cantor ternary set C is created by iteratively deleting the open middle third from a set of line segments. One starts by deleting the open middle third {\\textstyle \\left({\\frac {1}{3}},{\\frac {2}{3}}\\right)} from the interval [0,1] , leaving two line s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Church's thesis (constructive mathematics)-Relationship to classical logic-The first-order formulation CT0 already subsumes the power of such a function comprehension principle via enumerated functions.\nConstructively formulated subtheories of ZF can typically be shown to be closed under a Church's rule and the cor... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Knowledge extraction-Extraction from natural language sources-Typical NLP tasks relevant to knowledge extraction include: part-of-speech (POS) tagging lemmatization (LEMMA) or stemming (STEM) word sense disambiguation (WSD, related to semantic annotation below) named entity recognition (NER, also see IE below) syntact... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Heegner number-Consecutive primes-Given an odd prime p, if one computes mod p for k=0,1,\u2026,p\u221212 (this is sufficient because mod p ), one gets consecutive composites, followed by consecutive primes, if and only if p is a Heegner number.For details, see \"Quadratic Polynomials Producing Consecutive Distinct ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Public key certificate-Types of certificate-Once the certification path validation is successful, the client can establish an encrypted connection with the server.\nInternet-facing servers, such as public web servers, must obtain their certificates from a trusted, public certificate authority (CA)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"DOS Protected Mode Services-CLOAKING-A CLOAKING developer's kit was available which included a NuMega SoftICE debugger. Cloaked driver or TSR software hooking interrupts had to leave a small 11-byte stub in conventional memory which would invoke the CLOAKING server to pass execution to the protected mode portion of th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stickers as a Service-Apps that use Stickers-LINE Kakaotalk Facebook Messenger WhatsApp Instagram (Messages and Stories) Snapchat (Messages and Stories) Viber BlackBerry PhotoStamped " | large_corpus_distillation |
CASH clustering DOC and FastDOC subspace clustering P3C clustering Canopy clustering algorithm Anomaly detection: k-Nearest-Neighbor outlier detection LOF (Local outlier factor) LoOP (Local Outlier Probabilities) OPTICS-OF DB-Outlier (Distance-Based Outliers) LOCI (Local Correlation Integral) LDOF (Local Distance-Based... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Format-preserving encryption-Algorithms-Thus, to create a FPE on the domain {0,1,2,3}, given a key K apply AES(K) to each integer, giving, for example, weight(0) = 0x56c644080098fc5570f2b329323dbf62 weight(1) = 0x08ee98c0d05e3dad3eb3d6236f23e7b7 weight(2) = 0x47d2e1bf72264fa01fb274465e56ba20 weight(3) = 0x077de40941c9... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Proof that e is irrational-Proof that e is irrational-The number e was introduced by Jacob Bernoulli in 1683. More than half a century later, Euler, who had been a student of Jacob's younger brother Johann, proved that e is irrational; that is, that it cannot be expressed as the quotient of two integers." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Conditioning (probability)-Conditioning on the discrete level-Example: A fair coin is tossed 10 times; the random variable X is the number of heads in these 10 tosses, and Y is the number of heads in the first 3 tosses. In spite of the fact that Y emerges before X it may happen that someone knows X but not Y.\nConditi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stack (abstract data type)-Applications of stacks-Backtracking Another important application of stacks is backtracking. Consider a simple example of finding the correct path in a maze. There are a series of points, from the starting point to the destination. We start from one point. To reach the final destination, the... | large_corpus_distillation |
and global) gold production occurred. What was the amount of gold produced during this minimum?\nAnswer\nThe global minimum was in 1848, when no gold was produced.\nIn exercises 55 & 56, find the critical points, maxima, and minima for the given piecewise functions.\nx2\u22124x, if 0\u2264x\u22641\n55) y={\nx2\u22124, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Maximum coverage problem-Budgeted maximum coverage-In the budgeted maximum coverage version, not only does every element ej have a weight w(ej) , but also every set Si has a cost c(Si) . Instead of k that limits the number of sets in the cover a budget B is given. This budget B limits the total cost of the cove... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Transcode (character encoding)-Transcode (character encoding)-Six-Bit Transcode, or Six-Bit Transmission Code, was, for a few years, one of the three character sets used by IBM for Binary Synchronous Communications. Transmission using 6-bit Transcode had higher throughput than transmission using 8-bit EBCDIC or ASCII,... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Microarchitecture-Microarchitectural concepts-RISC makes pipelines smaller and much easier to construct by cleanly separating each stage of the instruction process and making them take the same amount of time\u2014one cycle. The processor as a whole operates in an assembly line fashion, with instructions coming in one... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Binary operation-Properties and examples-The first three examples above are commutative and all of the above examples are associative." | large_corpus_distillation |
operations as atomic read-modify-write sequences. That way, performance penalties of small random writes are reduced or avoided for such RAID layouts, by grouping them together and performing as batched sequential writes.Caching performed by bcache operates at the block device level, making itself file system\u2013agno... | large_corpus_distillation |
"34 (number)-In science-The atomic number of selenium Potentially one of the magic numbers in physics.\nMessier object M34, a magnitude 6.0 open cluster in the constellation Perseus The New General Catalogue object NGC 34, a peculiar galaxy in the constellation Cetus The vertebral column is made up of up to 34 vertebra... | large_corpus_distillation |
"C++14-New language features-C++14 relaxes these restrictions. Constexpr-declared functions may now contain the following: Any declarations except: static or thread_local variables.\nVariable declarations without initializers.\nThe conditional branching statements if and switch.\nAny looping statement, including range-... | large_corpus_distillation |
automatically, with our easiest shortcut but often with error. System 2 may also have no clue to the error. Errors can be prevented only by enhanced monitoring of System 2, which costs a plethora of cognitive efforts." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Space partitioning-Uses-In integrated circuit design In integrated circuit design, an important step is design rule check. This step ensures that the completed design is manufacturable. The check involves rules that specify widths and spacings and other geometry patterns. A modern design can have billions of polygons ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Floating-point arithmetic-Dealing with exceptional cases-Overflow and invalid exceptions can typically not be ignored, but do not necessarily represent errors: for example, a root-finding routine, as part of its normal operation, may evaluate a passed-in function at values outside of its domain, returning NaN and an i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"LST 1564-Codepage layout-The following table shows LST 1564. Each character is shown with its equivalent Unicode code point. Only the second half of the table (code points 128\u2013255) is shown, the first half (code points 0\u2013127) being the same as ASCII." | large_corpus_distillation |
i}\u2212(u_1v_3\u2212u_3v_1)\\mathbf{\\hat j}+(u_1v_2\u2212u_2v_1)\\mathbf{\\hat k}, where \\vecs u=\u27e8u_1,u_2,u_3\u27e9\nand \\vecs v=\u27e8v_1,v_2,v_3\u27e9 determinant a real number associated with a square matrix parallelepiped a three-dimensional prism with six faces that are parallelograms torque\nthe effect o... | large_corpus_distillation |
103 (throw 3 times) Governing probability: P(0) = P(1) = ... = P(103) = 7/9\u00b3 = 7/729 This gives 104 numbers from 0 \u2013 103 with the probability of 7 / 9\u00b3, 7 \u00d7 104 = 728 = 9\u00b3 \u2212 1 0 \u2013 728 (throw 3 times) Governing probability: P(0) = P(1) = ... = P(728) = 1 / 9\u00b3 = 1 / 729 This gives ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Z-group-Groups whose Sylow subgroups are cyclic-Every group whose Sylow subgroups are cyclic is itself metacyclic, so supersolvable. In fact, such a group has a cyclic derived subgroup with cyclic maximal abelian quotient. Such a group has the presentation (Hall 1959, Th. 9.4.3): G(m,n,r)=\u27e8a,b|am=bn=1,bab\u22121=... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Transcription machine-Where we use Transcription Machines-Originally, these machines are basically used as transcribers.\nThese machines are used in hospitals, schools and other voice oriented communications.\nThese machines are necessary in the precision of voice recordings." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Monad (category theory)-Algebras for a monad-Given a monad (T,\u03b7,\u03bc) on a category C , it is natural to consider T -algebras, i.e., objects of C acted upon by T in a way which is compatible with the unit and multiplication of the monad. More formally, a T -algebra (x,h) is an object x of C together wi... | large_corpus_distillation |
conference on Machine learning 2006 Jun 25 (pp. 945\u2013952).[5] According to Google Scholar, this paper has been cited 217 times " | large_corpus_distillation |
"TheLotter-TheLotter-theLotter is a worldwide online lottery ticket purchasing service. TheLotter agents physically purchase official lottery tickets on their customers' behalf. The tickets are scanned and uploaded to customer's account before the draw. theLotter offer customers from all over the world an opportunity t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Monoid (category theory)-Monoid (category theory)-Dually, a comonoid in a monoidal category C is a monoid in the dual category Cop.\nSuppose that the monoidal category C has a symmetry \u03b3. A monoid M in C is commutative when \u03bc o \u03b3 = \u03bc." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Extended file attributes-Implementations-Windows NT On Windows NT, limited-length extended attributes are supported by FAT, HPFS, and NTFS. This was implemented as part of the OS/2 subsystem. They are notably used by the NFS server of the Interix POSIX subsystem in order to implement Unix-like permissions. The Windows... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Holographic principle-High-level summary-Unexpected connection Bekenstein's topical overview \"A Tale of Two Entropies\" describes potentially profound implications of Wheeler's trend, in part by noting a previously unexpected connection between the world of information theory and classical physics. This connection wa... | large_corpus_distillation |
"First grade-Examples by region-Asia In Israel, children enter the first grade (kita aleph) the year they turn six or seven.\nIn South Korea, First Grade, known as \uc77c\ud559\ub144 (il-hak-nyeon), begins in March when a child is six or seven years old.\nIn China, First Grade, known as \u4e00\u5e74\u7ea7 (y\u012b ni\u... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Triangle graph-Properties-The triangle graph has chromatic number 3, chromatic index 3, radius 1, diameter 1 and girth 3. It is also a 2-vertex-connected graph and a 2-edge-connected graph.\nIts chromatic polynomial is (x\u22122)(x\u22121)x." | large_corpus_distillation |
match. If the code is unrecognised, the ECU will not allow fuel to flow and ignition to take place. Later models use rolling codes or advanced cryptography to defeat copying of the code from the key or ECU." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Splitting of prime ideals in Galois extensions-Computing the factorisation-In the Galois case, the inertia degrees are all equal, and the ramification indices e1 = ... = en are all equal.\nThe exceptional primes, for which the above result does not necessarily hold, are the ones not relatively prime to the conductor o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bias\u2013variance tradeoff-Applications-In regression The bias\u2013variance decomposition forms the conceptual basis for regression regularization methods such as Lasso and ridge regression. Regularization methods introduce bias into the regression solution that can reduce variance considerably relative to the ordin... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Two-way string-matching algorithm-Two-way string-matching algorithm-Unlike BM and KMP, it uses only O(log m) additional space to store information about those partial repeats: the search pattern is split into two parts (its critical factorization), represented only by the position of that split. Being a number less th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Japanese adjectives-Syntax-na-adjectives Adjectival nouns (\u5f62\u5bb9\u52d5\u8a5e keiy\u014d-d\u014dshi) always occur with a form of the copula, traditionally considered part of the adjectival noun itself. The only syntactical difference between nouns and adjectival nouns is in the attributive form, where nouns take... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Type theory with records-Syntax-A record type is a set of fields. A field is a pair consisting of a label and a type. Within a record type, field labels are unique. The witness of a record type is a record. A record is a similar set of fields, but fields contain objects instead of types. The object in each field must ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bug tracking system-Making-A major component of a bug tracking system is a database that records facts about known bugs. Facts may include the time a bug was reported, its severity, the erroneous program behavior, and details on how to reproduce the bug; as well as the identity of the person who reported it and any pr... | large_corpus_distillation |
can be dropped because the constant does not have any effect on the maximization problem.\nB=XTNX=\u222b\u221211\u222b\u221211[x1jx2i\u03b4(x1,x2)]i,j=0i,j=m\u22121dx1dx2 B=XTNX=\u222b\u221211[x1j+i]i,j=0i,j=m\u22121dx1=XTX Using the computed A and B and applying the algorithm discussed in previous section we find W a... | large_corpus_distillation |
the choice of expert j \u2208 {1,2,..,K}.\nj\nThe cumulative regret is then defined as\nn n\nR\nn\n= Xl\nt\n(a\nt\n,z\nt\n)\u2212 min Xl\nt\n(e\nj\n,z\nt\n)\n1\u2264j\u2264K\nt=1 t=1\nThe feedback at step t can be either full or limited. The full feedback setup means that\nthevectorf = (l(e ,z ),...,l(e ,z ))\u22a4 ofl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Exponentiation-Integer powers in algebra-Superscript notation is also used for conjugation; that is, gh = h\u22121gh, where g and h are elements of a group. This notation cannot be confused with exponentiation, since the superscript is not an integer. The motivation of this notation is that conjugation obeys some of t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Asymmetric graph-Trees-The smallest asymmetric tree has seven vertices: it consists of three paths of lengths 1, 2, and 3, linked at a common endpoint. In contrast to the situation for graphs, almost all trees are symmetric. In particular, if a tree is chosen uniformly at random among all trees on n labeled nodes, the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Erd\u0151s number-Related fields-Engineering Some fields of engineering, in particular communication theory and cryptography, make direct use of the discrete mathematics championed by Erd\u0151s. It is therefore not surprising that practitioners in these fields have low Erd\u0151s numbers. For example, Robert McEliece... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Meijer G-function-Definition of the Meijer G-function-Implementations of the G-function in computer algebra systems typically employ separate vector arguments for the four (possibly empty) parameter groups a1 ... an, an+1 ... ap, b1 ... bm, and bm+1 ... bq, and thus can omit the orders p, q, n, and m as redundant." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ordinal number-Ordinals and cardinals-The \u03b1-th infinite initial ordinal is written \u03c9\u03b1 , it is always a limit ordinal. Its cardinality is written \u2135\u03b1 . For example, the cardinality of \u03c90 = \u03c9 is \u21350 , which is also the cardinality of \u03c92 or \u03b50 (all are countable ordinals... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Consistency model-Consistency and replication-Example: Tanenbaum et al., 2007 gives an example of a primary-backup protocol. The diagram of primary-backup protocol shows an example of this protocol. When a client requests a write, the write request is forwarded to a primary server. The primary server sends request to ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"International scientific vocabulary-Instances-According to Webster's Third, \"some ISV words (like haploid) have been created by taking a word with a rather general and simple meaning from one of the languages of antiquity, usually Latin and Greek, and conferring upon it a very specific and complicated meaning for the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Biweight midcorrelation-Derivation-Here we find the biweight midcorrelation of two vectors x and y , with i=1,2,\u2026,m items, representing each item in the vector as x1,x2,\u2026,xm and y1,y2,\u2026,ym . First, we define med \u2061(x) as the median of a vector x and mad \u2061(x) as the median absolute devia... | large_corpus_distillation |
"High-speed telegraphy-Entry categories-HST competitions generally separate the competitors into different categories based on age and gender. The following are the entry categories specified in the IARU rules used for European and World Championships: Women aged 16 years and younger (A).\nMen aged 16 years and younger... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Exterior calculus identities-Exterior calculus identities-\u03b9X(\u22c61)=\u22c6X\u266d \u03b9X(\u22c6\u03b1)=(\u22121)k\u22c6(X\u266d\u2227\u03b1) if \u03b1\u2208\u03a9k(M) \u03b9X(\u03d5\u2217\u03b1)=\u03d5\u2217(\u03b9d\u03d5(X)\u03b1) non-zero \u21d2\u2203f\u2208\u03a90(M):\u03bd=f\u03bc X\u266d\u2227\u22c6Y\u2... | large_corpus_distillation |
some rural roads are not required for the postman to cross and some roads on steep hills take longer to go up than down. Consider an undirected graph G={E,V} with two costs cij and cji associated with the cost to traverse the edge (i,j) starting from i and j, respectively. G is the windy graph and we are interested... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Befunge-Compilation-The etty compiler, for example, treats every possible straight line of instructions as a subprogram, and if a 'p' instruction alters that subprogram, that subprogram is recompiled. This is an interesting variation on just-in-time compilation, and it results in a much better advantage over an interp... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Shannon switching game-Computational complexity-An explicit solution for the undirected switching game was found in 1964 for any such game using matroid theory. Short should aim for a position in which there exists a set of vertices S including the two distinguished vertices, as well as two disjoint subsets of the re... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Asymptotically optimal algorithm-Formal definitions-Note that this limit, if it exists, is always at least 1, as t(n) \u2265 b(n).\nAlthough usually applied to time efficiency, an algorithm can be said to use asymptotically optimal space, random bits, number of processors, or any other resource commonly measured using... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Momel-Implications-On the one hand, two utterances \"For Mama!\" and \"For Papa!\" could thus be modelled with the same target points (hence the same macromelodic component) while \"For Mama?\" and \"For Papa?\" would also have the same target points but which would probably be different from those of the first pair.\... | large_corpus_distillation |
highly\n52\nselective program. Assume that there are two types of students (red and blue) and that the mean for the red students is , the mean\n50 10\nfor the blue students is , both distributions are normal, and the standard deviation for each distribution is . The difference in\n0.2\nmeans is therefore only standard ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rule of succession-Generalization to any number of possibilities-To get the generalised rule of succession, note that the probability of observing category i on the next observation, conditional on the pi is just pi, we simply require its expectation. Letting Ai denote the event that the next observation is in categor... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Unimodality-Unimodal probability distribution-Uses and results One reason for the importance of distribution unimodality is that it allows for several important results. Several inequalities are given below which are only valid for unimodal distributions. Thus, it is important to assess whether or not a given data set... | large_corpus_distillation |
"BCH code-Decoding-Next, apply the Peterson procedure by row-reducing the following augmented matrix.\n1011 1001 1011 1101 1001 1011 1101 0001 1011 1101 0001 1001 0001 0000 1000 0111 0000 0001 1011 0001 0000 0000 0000 0000 ] Due to the zero row, S3\u00d73 is singular, which is no surprise since only two errors were int... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Jaccard index-Similarity of asymmetric binary attributes-Given two objects, A and B, each with n binary attributes, the Jaccard coefficient is a useful measure of the overlap that A and B share with their attributes. Each attribute of A and B can either be 0 or 1. The total number of each combination of attributes for... | large_corpus_distillation |
"RC4-RC4 variants-Second, the operation is repeated (without incrementing i again) on S2 and j2, and S1[S2[i]+S2[j2]] is output.Thus, the algorithm is: All arithmetic is performed modulo 256 i := 0 j1 := 0 j2 := 0 while GeneratingOutput: i := i + 1 j1 := j1 + S1[i] swap values of S1[i] and S1[j1] output S2[S1[i] + S1[j... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Swiss units of measurement-System before metric system-Lieue was used as a road measure.\nArea One arpent was 400 pied2 or 1.44 ha Mass A number of units were used to measure mass.\nOrdinary One livre (pfund of the Zollverein) was equal to 0.500 kg according to the fixed value defined during the transition to the metr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Inform-Inform 7-Inform 7 programming language Notable features include strong bias towards declarative rule-based style of programming and ability to infer types and properties of objects from the way they are used. For example, the statement \"John wears a hat.\" creates a \"person\" called \"John\" (since only peopl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Limiting case (mathematics)-Limiting case (mathematics)-In mathematics, a limiting case of a mathematical object is a special case that arises when one or more components of the object take on their most extreme possible values. For example: In statistics, the limiting case of the binomial distribution is the Poisson ... | large_corpus_distillation |
Markov chain. We will hypothesize\nbackward transition probabilities, and then use Theorem 5.3.3 to verify that the hypothesis is correct. Consider the backward\ntransitions corresponding to each of the forward transitions in (5.49). A rotation in forward time causes the elements z 1 ,\u2026,z m in\nthe state s=(m,z 1 ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Combinatory categorial grammar-Combinatory categorial grammar-Combinatory categorial grammar (CCG) is an efficiently parsable, yet linguistically expressive grammar formalism. It has a transparent interface between surface syntax and underlying semantic representation, including predicate\u2013argument structure, quan... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Relativistic quantum cryptography-Tasks investigated in relativistic cryptography-Coin tossing In strong coin tossing, Alice and Bob are at different locations and they wish to toss a coin in such a way that Alice is guaranteed that Bob cannot bias the outcome, and Bob is guaranteed that Alice cannot bias the outcome ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Normalized Google distance-Introduction-Namely, objects can be given literally, like the literal four-letter genome of a mouse, or the literal text of Macbeth by Shakespeare. The similarity of these objects is given by the NCD. For simplicity we take it that all meaning of the object is represented by the literal obje... | large_corpus_distillation |
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