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shows are likely to be delivered principally over the Internet. Stories will include breaking news, daily stories, features, and in-depth reporting. Breaking news, daily stories and some features will be delivered as short video spots, and combinations of text and visuals in updated news packages that the audience chec... | large_corpus_distillation |
"CPU cache-Cache entry structure-Cache row entries usually have the following structure: The data block (cache line) contains the actual data fetched from the main memory. The tag contains (part of) the address of the actual data fetched from the main memory. The flag bits are discussed below." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Finger tree-Application-Finger trees can be used to build other trees. For example, a priority queue can be implemented by labeling the internal nodes by the minimum priority of its children in the tree, or an indexed list/array can be implemented with a labeling of nodes by the count of the leaves in their children. ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Decision tree learning-Metrics-However, it should be worth noting that this number is only an estimate. For example, if two features both had a FP value of 2 while one of the features had a higher TP value, that feature would be ranked higher than the other because the resulting estimate when using the equation would ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Wi-Fi Protected Access-Wi-Fi Protected Access-Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA), Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2), and Wi-Fi Protected Access 3 (WPA3) are the three security certification programs developed after 2000 by the Wi-Fi Alliance to secure wireless computer networks. The Alliance defined these in response to serio... | large_corpus_distillation |
matroid by contracting the elements that do not belong to some particular circuit. He shows that this property is trivial for general matroids (it implies only that each element belongs to at least one circuit) but can be used to characterize the Eulerian matroids among the binary matroids, matroids representable over ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dirichlet distribution-Properties-In Bayesian mixture models and other hierarchical Bayesian models with mixture components, Dirichlet distributions are commonly used as the prior distributions for the categorical variables appearing in the models. See the section on applications below for more information." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Thread (computing)-Scheduling-History of threading models in Unix systems SunOS 4.x implemented light-weight processes or LWPs. NetBSD 2.x+, and DragonFly BSD implement LWPs as kernel threads (1:1 model). SunOS 5.2 through SunOS 5.8 as well as NetBSD 2 to NetBSD 4 implemented a two level model, multiplexing one or mor... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Havel\u2013Hakimi algorithm-The algorithm-Proof The following is a summary based on the proof of the Havel-Hakimi algorithm in Invitation to Combinatorics (Shahriari 2022)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Variational quantum eigensolver-Description-Variational method and optimization Given a parametrized ansatz for the ground state eigenstate, with parameters that can be modified, one is sure to find the parametrized state that is closest to the ground state based on the variational method of quantum mechanics. Using c... | large_corpus_distillation |
"EdDSA-Ed25519-Software Notable uses of Ed25519 include OpenSSH, GnuPG and various alternatives, and the signify tool by OpenBSD. Usage of Ed25519 (and Ed448) in the SSH protocol has been standardized. In 2023 the final version of the FIPS 186-5 standard included deterministic Ed25519 as an approved signature scheme." | large_corpus_distillation |
variables X,y In particular, let yx denote y conditional on the event that X=x . In the classification setting, we have: The optimal classifier is therefore: For the square-loss, the target function is the conditional expectation function, fsq(x)=E[yx] ; For the logistic loss, it's the logit function, log ln \u20... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Gaussian gravitational constant-Discussion-Units and dimensions k is given as a unit-less fraction of the order of 1.7%, but it can be considered equivalent to the square root of the gravitational constant, in which case it has the units of au3\u20442\u22c5d\u22121\u22c5M\u2609\u22121\u20442, where au is the distance ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Information extraction-Information extraction-Information extraction (IE) is the task of automatically extracting structured information from unstructured and/or semi-structured machine-readable documents and other electronically represented sources. In most of the cases this activity concerns processing human languag... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Part-of-speech tagging-History-The Brown Corpus was painstakingly \"tagged\" with part-of-speech markers over many years. A first approximation was done with a program by Greene and Rubin, which consisted of a huge handmade list of what categories could co-occur at all. For example, article then noun can occur, but ar... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Crash reporter-Windows-The system considers all parts of the debug and release process, such that targeted bug fixes can be applied through Windows Update. In other words, only people experiencing a particular type of crash can be offered the bug fix, thus limiting exposure to an issue.\nAccording to Der Spiegel, the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Modes of variation-Estimation-Modes of variation in PCA Suppose the data x1,x2,\u22ef,xn represent n independent drawings from some p -dimensional population X with mean vector \u03bc and covariance matrix \u03a3 . These data yield the sample mean vector x\u00af , and the sample covariance matrix S with eigenv... | large_corpus_distillation |
in SHA-1. The additional work needed to find the SHA-1 collision (beyond the exponential birthday search) requires only polynomial time." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Opposite (semantics)-General discussion-Opposition is a semantic relation in which one word has a sense or meaning that negates or is, in the sense of scale, distant from a related word. Other words are capable of being opposed, but the language in question has an accidental gap in its lexicon. For example, the word d... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Discrete uniform distribution-Discrete uniform distribution-Although it is convenient to describe discrete uniform distributions over integers, such as this, one can also consider discrete uniform distributions over any finite set. For instance, a random permutation is a permutation generated uniformly from the permut... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Commitment ordering-CO variants: special cases and generalizations-Combining results for CO and its variants, the following is concluded: The CO Variants Interoperability TheoremIn a multi-database environment, where each database system (transactional object) is compliant with some CO variant property (VO compliant),... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mono (software)-Framework architecture-The SGen garbage collector has many advantages over a traditional conservative scanner. It uses generational garbage collection where new objects are allocated from a nursery, during the garbage collection cycle, all objects that survived are migrated to an older generation memor... | large_corpus_distillation |
from the cloud storage service, providing local access to the data while it is cached on the edge filer.There are many use cases for a cloud storage gateway, such as providing a high-speed cache for frequently accessed data, providing continued access to data during connectivity outages, and reducing bandwidth costs by... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Basque verbs-Periphrastic conjugation-Compound tense auxiliaries By combining the four compound tense stems with various auxiliaries, one obtains four groups of compound tense, sometimes referred to in Basque grammar as \"aspects\", which we shall call Imperfect, Perfect, Future and Aorist (= \"aspect\"-less) respecti... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hinge loss-Hinge loss-In machine learning, the hinge loss is a loss function used for training classifiers. The hinge loss is used for \"maximum-margin\" classification, most notably for support vector machines (SVMs).For an intended output t = \u00b11 and a classifier score y, the hinge loss of the prediction y is de... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Extensibility-Security-Modern operating systems support extensibility through device drivers and loadable kernel modules. Many modern applications support extensibility through plug-ins, extension languages, applets, etc. The trend of increasing extensibility negatively affects software security.CGI is one of the prim... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bloomfield (microprocessor)-Features-The following caches: 32 kB L1 instruction and 32 kB L1 data cache per core 256 kB L2 cache (combined instruction and data) per core 8 MB L3 (combined instruction and data) \"inclusive\", shared by all cores Single-die device: all four cores, the memory controller, and all cache ar... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Songs2See-The Songs2See Game-Game View The Game View is a scrolling score-like animation that displays in real-time the melody to be played. Note durations are displayed both as blue bars of different lengths and as real notes (eighth notes, sixteenth notes, etc). Note pitches are indicated both by the location of the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"4-Mathematics-A four-sided plane figure is a quadrilateral or quadrangle, sometimes also called a tetragon. It can be further classified as a rectangle or oblong, kite, rhombus, and square." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Oberon (programming language)-Object orientation-We extend the generic type Figure to a specific shape: MODULE Rectangles; IMPORT Figures; TYPE Rectangle* = POINTER TO RectangleDesc; RectangleDesc* = RECORD (Figures.FigureDesc) x, y, w, h : INTEGER; END; VAR if : Figures.Interface; PROCEDURE New* (VAR r : Rectangle); ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bluetooth mesh networking-Provisioning-A key unique to a device known as \"Device Key\" is derived from elliptic curve shared secret on provisioner and device during the provisioning process. This device key is used by the provisioner to encrypt messages for that specific device.\nThe security of the provisioning proc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Constructive proof-Constructive proof-A constructive proof may also refer to the stronger concept of a proof that is valid in constructive mathematics." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Partial derivative-Higher order partial derivatives-Second and higher order partial derivatives are defined analogously to the higher order derivatives of univariate functions. For the function f(x,y,...) the \"own\" second partial derivative with respect to x is simply the partial derivative of the partial derivativ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lenstra elliptic-curve factorization-Why does the algorithm work?-If p and q are two prime divisors of n, then y2 = x3 + ax + b (mod n) implies the same equation also modulo p and modulo q. These two smaller elliptic curves with the \u229e -addition are now genuine groups. If these groups have Np and Nq elements, res... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Altmetrics-Controversy-However, there are limitations that affect the usefulness due to technique problems and systematic bias of construct, such as data quality, heterogeneity and particular dependencies. In terms of technique problems, the data might be incomplete, because it is difficult to collect those online res... | large_corpus_distillation |
theorem of calculus provides that Then Therefore, and so maximizing the probability density at xj amounts to maximizing the likelihood of the specific observation xj In general In measure-theoretic probability theory, the density function is defined as the Radon\u2013Nikodym derivative of the probability distribution... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Glossary of numismatics-F-face value The value that is written on a coin. For example, an American one-cent coin has a face value of 1 cent. A collectable coin or bullion coin is usually worth many times its face value.\nfantasy Generally a representation of a rare or never-issued coin.\nfield The background area of a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fragile binary interface problem-Solutions-Distribution method The whole problem collapses if the source code of the libraries is available. Then a simple recompilation will do the trick." | large_corpus_distillation |
"MOS Technology TED-Other features-The TED includes three 16-bit interval timers, which consist of down counters operating at the master clock frequency. They can generate IRQs on underflow as can a raster register on equality with the current scan line. The chip also contains an I/O port, which is used on the Plus/4 a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Discounted cumulative gain-Overview-The main difficulty encountered in using nDCG is the unavailability of an ideal ordering of results when only partial relevance feedback is available." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Arithmetic logic unit-Signals-Status Outputs The status outputs are various individual signals that convey supplemental information about the result of the current ALU operation. General-purpose ALUs commonly have status signals such as: Carry-out, which conveys the carry resulting from an addition operation, the borr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"L-reduction-Properties-Other properties L-reductions also imply P-reduction. One may deduce that L-reductions imply PTAS reductions from this fact and the fact that P-reductions imply PTAS reductions.\nL-reductions preserve membership in APX for the minimizing case only, as a result of implying AP-reductions." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Physical information security-Background-Malicious actors who may benefit from physical access to information assets include computer crackers, corporate spies, and fraudsters. The value of information assets is self-evident in the case of, say, stolen laptops or servers that can be sold-on for cash, but the informati... | large_corpus_distillation |
"SLR grammar-Rules-A Grammar is said to be SLR(1) if and only if, for each and every state s in the SLR(1) automaton, none of the following conditions are violated: For any reducible rule A \u2192 a \u2022 Xb in state s (where X is some terminal), there must not exist some irreducible rule, B \u2192 a \u2022 in the sam... | large_corpus_distillation |
), but switch to an asymptotically inefficient algorithm (here insertion sort, with time complexity n2 ) for small data, as the simpler algorithm is faster on small data." | large_corpus_distillation |
the vertex v=in(e) where the edge originates, that is to say y(e)=\u2211f:out(f)=v(me(f)y(f)) where me(f)\u2208Fp . We consider the source as having k input edges carrying the k vectors wi . By induction, one has that the vector y(e) on any edge is a linear combination y(e)=\u22111\u2264i\u2264k(gi(e)vi) and is ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Info-gap decision theory-Classical decision theory perspective-Info-gap's robustness model From a classical decision theoretic point of view info-gap's robustness model is a game between the DM and Nature, where the DM selects the value of \u03b1 (aiming for the largest possible) whereas Nature selects the worst valu... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Size-Terminology-Although the size of an object may be reflected in its mass or its weight, each of these is a different concept. In scientific contexts, mass refers loosely to the amount of \"matter\" in an object (though \"matter\" may be difficult to define), whereas weight refers to the force experienced by an obj... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mobile station-Mobile station-Subscriber identity module (SIM) - is a removable subscriber identification token storing the IMSI, a unique key shared with the mobile network operator and other data.In a mobile phone, the MT, TA and TE are enclosed in the same case. However, the MT and TE functions are often performed ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"ACE Encrypt-Encryption Scheme-s \u2014 element W4 .e \u2014 element B\u2217 .s,u1,u2,v we call the preamble, and e \u2014 the cryptogram. If a cleartext is a string consisting of l \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442, then the length of e is equal to 16 1024 \u2309 We need to introduce the function CEncode , which maps a ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Minimal polynomial (field theory)-Properties-To prove this, it suffices to observe that F[x] is a principal ideal domain, because F is a field: this means that every ideal I in F[x], J\u03b1 amongst them, is generated by a single element f. With the exception of the zero ideal I = {0}, the generator f must be non-zero... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computer security compromised by hardware failure-Devices-Acoustic emanations Attacks against emanations caused by human typing have attracted interest in recent years. In particular, works showed that keyboard acoustic emanations do leak information that can be exploited to reconstruct the typed text.PC keyboards, no... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Generalizations of Pauli matrices-Generalized Gell-Mann matrices (Hermitian)-This method of generalizing the Pauli matrices refers to a generalization from 2-level systems (Pauli matrices acting on qubits) to 3-level systems (Gell-Mann matrices acting on qutrits) and generic d-level systems (generalized Gell-Mann matr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Logistics-Business logistics-Storage systems include: pile stocking, cell racks (either static or movable), cantilever racks and gravity racks.Order processing is a sequential process involving: processing withdrawal list, picking (selective removal of items from loading units), sorting (assembling items based on the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Copy (command)-Example for DOS-copy letter.txt [destination] Files may be copied to device files (e.g. copy letter.txt lpt1 sends the file to the printer on lpt1. copy letter.txt con would output to stdout, like the type command. Note that copy page1.txt+page2.txt book.txt will concatenate the files and output them as... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Parametric polymorphism-Basic definition-It is possible to write functions that do not depend on the types of their arguments. For example, the identity function id(x)=x simply returns its argument unmodified. This naturally gives rise to a family of potential types, such as Int\u2192Int , Bool\u2192Bool , String\... | large_corpus_distillation |
"ST type theory-ST type theory-All variables appearing in the definition of identity and in the axioms Extensionality and Comprehension, range over individuals of one of two consecutive types. Only unprimed variables (ranging over the \"lower\" type) can appear to the left of ' \u2208 ', whereas to its right, only prim... | large_corpus_distillation |
"# import the libraries\nimport tensorflow as tf\nfrom sklearn.datasets import fetch_openml\nfrom sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split\nfrom sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler\n# Load MNIST Digits dataset\nmnist = fetch_openml('mnist_784', version=1)\n# Split the dataset into training and testing se... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Security through obscurity-Security through obscurity-Security through obscurity (or security by obscurity) is the reliance on secrecy as the main method of providing security to a system or component, specifically in security engineering, whether on design or implementation." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Termination analysis-Example-Some loops can be shown to always terminate or never terminate through human inspection. For example, the following loop will, in theory, never stop. However, it may halt when executed on a physical machine due to arithmetic overflow: either leading to an exception or causing the counter t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Conformance checking-Techniques-For example, if event C is never observed after prefix AB, then C can be inserted as a negative event after AB. Thereafter, the log enhanced with negative events is replayed against the process model. If the process model can replay the negative events, it means that there is behavior c... | large_corpus_distillation |
"In-kernel web server-Benefits-Performance: the path taken by data from a source device (i.e. a disk) to a destination device (i.e. a NIC). Proper asynchronous zero-copy interfaces would make this available from user-space.\nScalability: with respect to number of simultaneous clients. Event notification of comparable s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"WebSphere Optimized Local Adapters-Function Update History-Several connection pool custom properties were added to support this resource failover and failback mechanism: failureThreshold - the number of consecutive getConnection() failures that must occur before automatic failover is invoked alternateResourceJNDIName ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"2-4-4-2-Equivalent classifications-Other equivalent classifications are: UIC classification: 1BB1 (also known as German classification and Italian classification) French classification: 120+021 Turkish classification: 23+23 Swiss classification: 2/3+2/3The UIC classification is refined to (1'B)B1' for a Mallet locomot... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Word problem for groups-A more concrete description-For a simple example, take the presentation {a | a3}. Writing A for the inverse of a, we have possible strings combining any number of the symbols a and A. Whenever we see aaa, or aA or Aa we may strike these out. We should also remember to strike out AAA; this says ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Katz centrality-Measurement-Katz centrality computes the relative influence of a node within a network by measuring the number of the immediate neighbors (first degree nodes) and also all other nodes in the network that connect to the node under consideration through these immediate neighbors. Connections made with di... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Social software-Types-There are various standards and claimants for the market leaders of each software category. Various add-ons may be available, including translation and spelling correction software, depending on the expertise of the operators of the bulletin board. In some industry areas, the bulletin board has i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Matching in hypergraphs-Computing a maximum matching-The problem of finding a maximum-cardinality matching in a hypergraph, thus calculating \u03bd(H) , is NP-hard even for 3-uniform hypergraphs (see 3-dimensional matching). This is in contrast to the case of simple (2-uniform) graphs in which computing a maximum-car... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quantum teleportation-Logic gate teleportation-In general, mixed states \u03c1 may be transported, and a linear transformation \u03c9 applied during teleportation, thus allowing data processing of quantum information. This is one of the foundational building blocks of quantum information processing. This is demonstrat... | large_corpus_distillation |
scores in mental tests\u201d, and attributes the effect \u201cto co-advancement [of height and cognitive ability] and disappears when maturity is reached.\u201d The correlation between number of children and intelligence was found to be stronger in poor families than in rich ones, which contributed to the conclusion th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"XML retrieval-Existing XML search engines-Databases Classic database systems have adopted the possibility to store semi-structured data and resulted in the development of XML databases. Often, they are very formal, concentrate more on searching than on ranking, and are used by experienced users able to formulate compl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Wireless security-Security measures-LEAP This stands for the Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol. This protocol is based on 802.1X and helps minimize the original security flaws by using WEP and a sophisticated key management system. This EAP-version is safer than EAP-MD5. This also uses MAC address authent... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mendeleev's predicted elements-Original predictions-The four predicted elements lighter than the rare-earth elements, eka-boron (Eb, under boron, B, 5), eka-aluminium (Ea or El, under Al, 13), eka-manganese (Em, under Mn, 25), and eka-silicon (Es, under Si, 14), proved to be good predictors of the properties of scandi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Deadlock-Deadlock handling-Resource preemption: resources allocated to various processes may be successively preempted and allocated to other processes until the deadlock is broken.\nPrevention Deadlock prevention works by preventing one of the four Coffman conditions from occurring.\nRemoving the mutual exclusion con... | large_corpus_distillation |
"BS2000-History-In 1991, the Security evaluation to F2/Q3 was completed.\nFrom 1992 through 1995, BS2000/OSD V1.0 was made open to application software and was renamed BS2000/OSD (Open Server Dimension). Full support of the XPG4 standard was achieved in 1995 after the porting of the POSIX interfaces in 1992.\nIn 1996, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cache prefetching-Comparison of hardware and software prefetching-While software prefetching requires programmer or compiler intervention, hardware prefetching requires special hardware mechanisms.\nSoftware prefetching works well only with loops where there is regular array access as the programmer has to hand code t... | large_corpus_distillation |
also perform well on a completely different data distribution. He suggests that a new approach to machine learning should be explored, and is currently working on a unique neural network that has characteristics more similar to human perception than state of the art approaches.While adversarial machine learning continu... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Region Based Convolutional Neural Networks-History-November 2013: R-CNN. Given an input image, R-CNN begins by applying a mechanism called Selective Search to extract regions of interest (ROI), where each ROI is a rectangle that may represent the boundary of an object in image. Depending on the scenario, there may be ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Oscillator representation-Harmonic oscillator and Hermite functions-Consider the following subspace of L2(R): H={f\u2208L2(R)|f(x)=p(x)e\u2212x22,p(x)\u2208R[x]}.\nThe operators X=Q\u2212iP=ddx+xY=Q+iP=\u2212ddx+x act on H.\nX is called the annihilation operator and Y the creation operator. They satisfy by induction ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Letterboxing (hobby)-Find counts-The X (\"exchanges\") count is the number of exchanges the letterboxer has.Some boxers list individual types of boxes in their PFX counts (e.g.: P12 F76 X45 E4 HH21 V4 would mean 12 plants, 76 finds, 45 exchanges, four events or event stamps, 21 hitchhikers, and four virtuals). Some in... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Image restoration-Challenges and Future Directions-The future of image restoration is likely to be driven by developments in deep learning and artificial intelligence. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown promising results in various image restoration tasks, including denoising, super-resolution, and inpain... | large_corpus_distillation |
"CMA-ES-Algorithm-In the following the most commonly used (\u03bc/\u03bcw, \u03bb)-CMA-ES is outlined, where in each iteration step a weighted combination of the \u03bc best out of \u03bb new candidate solutions is used to update the distribution parameters. The main loop consists of three main parts: 1) sampling of ne... | large_corpus_distillation |
finite follows from the result above.\nExamples and Applications\nFinite Chains\nS={a,b,c,d} P\nConsider a Markov chain with state space and transition matrix given below:\n\u23a1 1 2 0 0\u23a4\n2 3\n\u23a2 \u23a21 0 0 0\u23a5 \u23a5\nP =\u23a2 \u23a5 (16.4.22)\n\u23a2 \u23a20 0 1 0\u23a5 \u23a5\n\u23a3 1 1 1 1 \u23a6\... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Instruction pipelining-Design considerations-Speed Pipelining keeps all portions of the processor occupied and increases the amount of useful work the processor can do in a given time. Pipelining typically reduces the processor's cycle time and increases the throughput of instructions. The speed advantage is diminishe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Birthday-number effect-Wider implications-Researchers have looked for wider implications of the birthday-number effect on preferences, both inside and outside the lab. A body of controversial research under the umbrella of implicit egotism, starting with Pelham, Mirenberg, and Jones, has investigated whether people un... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Evaporating Cloud-Example-the machine being set up is a bottleneck with no spare capacity.:\u200a48\u201350\u200aAnd again, with the 5th statement: Running large batches and running small batches are in direct conflict, because: large is the opposite of small.\nthere is only one meaning to the word \"batch\".:\u200a50... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Holistic grading-Validation-Holistic scoring is often validated by its outcomes. Consistency among rater scores, or \"rater reliability,\" has been computed by at least eight different formulas, among them percentage of agreement, Pearson's r correlation coefficient, the Spearman-Brown formula, Cronbach's alpha, and q... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multiset-Generalizations-Different generalizations of multisets have been introduced, studied and applied to solving problems.\nReal-valued multisets (in which multiplicity of an element can be any real number) Fuzzy multisets Rough multisets Hybrid sets Multisets whose multiplicity is any real-valued step function So... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Co-NP-Co-NP-That is, co-NP is the set of decision problems where there exists a polynomial p(n) and a polynomial-time bounded Turing machine M such that for every instance x, x is a no-instance if and only if: for some possible certificate c of length bounded by p(n) , the Turing machine M accepts the pair (x, c)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Banach\u2013Mazur compactum-Properties-F. John's theorem on the maximal ellipsoid contained in a convex body gives the estimate: d(X,\u2113n2)\u2264n, where \u2113n2 denotes Rn with the Euclidean norm (see the article on Lp spaces).\nFrom this it follows that d(X,Y)\u2264n for all X,Y\u2208Q(n).\nHowever, for the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Code word (figure of speech)-Code word (figure of speech)-A code word is a word or a phrase designed to convey a predetermined meaning to an audience who know the phrase, while remaining inconspicuous to the uninitiated. For example, a public address system may be used to make an announcement asking for \"Inspector Sa... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Second partial derivative test-Functions of many variables-In the two variable case, D(a,b) and fxx(a,b) are the principal minors of the Hessian. The first two conditions listed above on the signs of these minors are the conditions for the positive or negative definiteness of the Hessian. For the general case of an ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Jingle (protocol)-Clients supporting Jingle-Asterisk PBX Coccinella Conversations (software) Empathy (using Telepathy framework) FreeSWITCH Gajim from 0.14 (not on Windows yet) Google Talk for Gmail, Android, Windows iChat for Apple OS X Jitsi (multiplatform support using Java) KDE Telepathy (using Telepathy framework... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Errors and residuals-Regressions-However, a terminological difference arises in the expression mean squared error (MSE). The mean squared error of a regression is a number computed from the sum of squares of the computed residuals, and not of the unobservable errors. If that sum of squares is divided by n, the number ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hash function-Properties-Variable range with minimal movement (dynamic hash function) When the hash function is used to store values in a hash table that outlives the run of the program, and the hash table needs to be expanded or shrunk, the hash table is referred to as a dynamic hash table.\nA hash function that will... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ada Semantic Interface Specification-Structure of ASIS-Process compilation units The setup is then followed by \"processing compilation units\", during this time is when elements are sampled and analysed to fit into the ASIS Context that had been opened and associated with at the beginning of the ASIS structure. Durin... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Precision Time Protocol-Synchronization-The master may subsequently send a multicast Follow_Up with accurate T1 timestamp. Not all masters have the ability to present an accurate timestamp in the Sync message. It is only after the transmission is complete that they are able to retrieve an accurate timestamp for the S... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Polymorphism (computer science)-Types-In the following Java example we make cats and dogs subtypes of pets. The procedure letsHear() accepts a pet, but will also work correctly if a subtype is passed to it: In another example, if Number, Rational, and Integer are types such that Number :> Rational and Number :> Intege... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Gauss\u2013Newton algorithm-Description-Given m functions r=(r1,\u2026,rm) (often called residuals) of n variables \u03b2=(\u03b21,\u2026\u03b2n), with m\u2265n, the Gauss\u2013Newton algorithm iteratively finds the value of the variables that minimize the sum of squares Starting with an initial guess \u03b2(0) ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Reentrant mutex-Example-Thread A calls function F which acquires a reentrant lock for itself before proceeding Thread B calls function F which attempts to acquire a reentrant lock for itself but cannot due to one already outstanding, resulting in either a block (it waits), or a timeout if requested Thread A's F calls ... | large_corpus_distillation |
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