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"Paley\u2013Zygmund inequality-Paley\u2013Zygmund inequality-In mathematics, the Paley\u2013Zygmund inequality bounds the probability that a positive random variable is small, in terms of its first two moments. The inequality was proved by Raymond Paley and Antoni Zygmund.\nTheorem: If Z \u2265 0 is a random variable w... | large_corpus_distillation |
of changes on the tree), and dividing by the (maximum number of changes on the tree minus the minimum number of changes in the dataset)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"CubeHash-Security-The strength of this function increases as b decreases towards 1, and as r increases. So CubeHash 8/1-512 is stronger (more secure) than CubeHash 1/1-512, and CubeHash 1/1-512 is stronger than CubeHash 1/2-512. The weakest possible version of this algorithm is CubeHash 1/128-h. However, there is a se... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Condorcet's jury theorem-Applicability to democratic processes-Many political theorists and philosophers use the Condorcet\u2019s Jury Theorem (CJT) to defend democracy, see Brennan and references therein. Nevertheless, it is an empirical question whether the theorem holds in real life or not. Note that the CJT is a d... | large_corpus_distillation |
best decoders can have simple encoders. Various constraints are often applied to help ensure that the desired properties expected at the theoretical limit of infinite block size occur at a finite block size.Combinatorial approaches can be used to optimize the properties of small block-size LDPC codes or to create codes... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Merkle's Puzzles-Description-Alice receives all the encrypted messages, and randomly chooses a single message to brute force. After Alice discovers both the identifier X and the secret key Y inside that message, she encrypts her clear text with the secret key Y, and sends that identifier (in cleartext) with her cipher... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Block code-The block code and its parameters-Popular notation The notation (n,k,d)q describes a block code over an alphabet \u03a3 of size q , with a block length n , message length k , and distance d If the block code is a linear block code, then the square brackets in the notation [n,k,d]q are used to represe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Unsupervised learning-Probabilistic methods-Two of the main methods used in unsupervised learning are principal component and cluster analysis. Cluster analysis is used in unsupervised learning to group, or segment, datasets with shared attributes in order to extrapolate algorithmic relationships. Cluster analysis is ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Variance function-Types-Generalized linear model When a member of the exponential family has been specified, the variance function can easily be derived.:\u200a29\u200a The general form of the variance function is presented under the exponential family context, as well as specific forms for Normal, Bernoulli, Poisson,... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Batch effect-Batch effect-In molecular biology, a batch effect occurs when non-biological factors in an experiment cause changes in the data produced by the experiment. Such effects can lead to inaccurate conclusions when their causes are correlated with one or more outcomes of interest in an experiment. They are comm... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Basic Number Theory-Contents-Chapter IV This chapter introduces the topological adele ring and id\u00e8le group of an A-field, and proves the `main theorems\u2019 as follows: both the adele ring and the id\u00e8le group are locally compact; the A-field, when embedded diagonally, is a discrete and co-compact subring of... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Treewidth-Algorithms-Dow and Korf improved the QuickBB algorithm using best-first search. On certain graphs, this best-first search algorithm is an order of magnitude faster than QuickBB." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Open-source software security-Implementation debate-Benefits Proprietary software forces the user to accept the level of security that the software vendor is willing to deliver and to accept the rate that patches and updates are released." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dilation (operator theory)-Dilation (operator theory)-In operator theory, a dilation of an operator T on a Hilbert space H is an operator on a larger Hilbert space K, whose restriction to H composed with the orthogonal projection onto H is T.\nMore formally, let T be a bounded operator on some Hilbert space H, and H b... | large_corpus_distillation |
to work with the Linux kernel community, but Greg Kroah-Hartman, the current Linux kernel maintainer for the stable branch, said in December 2010 that he was concerned that Google was no longer trying to get their code changes included in mainstream Linux. Google engineer Patrick Brady once stated in the company's deve... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Numerical certification-Certificates-A certificate for a root is a computational proof of the correctness of a candidate solution. For instance, a certificate may consist of an approximate solution x , a region R containing x , and a proof that R contains exactly one solution to the system of equations." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Conditional expectation-Definitions-Then the mean squared error is minimized by any function of the form if any number otherwise Example 2: Consider the case where Y is the 2-dimensional random vector (X,2X) . Then clearly E\u2061(X\u2223Y)=X but in terms of functions it can be expressed as eX(y1,y2)=3y1\u2212y2 or... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Discontinuous-constituent phrase structure grammar-Discontinuous-constituent phrase structure grammar-Discontinuous-constituent Phrase Structure Grammar (DCPSG) (distinct from Discontinuous Phrase Structure Grammar/DPSG) is a formalism for describing discontinuous phrase structures in natural language, such as verb ph... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cryptanalysis of the Enigma-World War II-PC Bruno On 5 September 1939 the Cipher Bureau began preparations to evacuate key personnel and equipment from Warsaw. Soon a special evacuation train, the Echelon F, transported them eastward, then south. By the time the Cipher Bureau was ordered to cross the border into allie... | large_corpus_distillation |
"4G-IMT-Advanced requirements-The first set of 3GPP requirements on LTE Advanced was approved in June 2008. LTE Advanced was standardized in 2010 as part of Release 10 of the 3GPP specification.\nSome sources consider first-release LTE and Mobile WiMAX implementations as pre-4G or near-4G, as they do not fully comply w... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rod calculus-Division-.\nThe animation on the left shows the steps for calculating 309/7 = 441/7.\nPlace the dividend, 309, in the middle row and the divisor, 7, in the bottom row. Leave space for the top row.\nMove the divisor, 7, one place to the left, changing it to horizontal form.\nUsing the Chinese multiplicatio... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Partial likelihood methods for panel data-Pooled QMLE for Poisson models-The compact parameter space condition is imposed to enable the use of M-estimation techniques, while the conditional mean reflects the fact that the population mean of a Poisson process is the parameter of interest. In this particular case, the p... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sencha Touch-Features-Profiles Profiling in Sencha Touch allows you to create different profiles catering to different screen sizes. When the application is loaded, the framework determines the type of device, and its corresponding profile determines which components and functionality need to be swapped out, and the s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cellular compartment-Function-Compartments have three main roles. One is to establish physical boundaries for biological processes that enables the cell to carry out different metabolic activities at the same time. This may include keeping certain biomolecules within a region, or keeping other molecules outside. Withi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stream cipher-Types-Self-synchronizing stream ciphers Another approach uses several of the previous N ciphertext digits to compute the keystream. Such schemes are known as self-synchronizing stream ciphers, asynchronous stream ciphers or ciphertext autokey (CTAK). The idea of self-synchronization was patented in 1946 ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Oriented matroid-Axiomatizations-Vector Axioms The composition of signed sets X and Y is the signed set X\u2218Y defined by X\u2218Y_=X_\u222aY_ , (X\u2218Y)+=X+\u222a(Y+\u2216X\u2212) , and (X\u2218Y)\u2212=X\u2212\u222a(Y\u2212\u2216X+) . The vectors of an oriented matroid are the compositions of circuits. The... | large_corpus_distillation |
"SBI ring-Examples-Any ring with nil radical is SBI.\nAny Banach algebra is SBI: more generally, so is any compact topological ring.\nThe ring of rational numbers with odd denominator, and more generally, any local ring, is SBI." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cosine similarity-Triangle inequality for cosine similarity-This form of the triangle inequality can be used to bound the minimum and maximum similarity of two objects A and B if the similarities to a reference object C is already known. This is used for example in metric data indexing, but has also been used to accel... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Biclustering-Algorithms-There is an ongoing debate about how to judge the results of these methods, as Biclustering allows overlap between clusters and some algorithms allow the exclusion of hard-to-reconcile columns/conditions. Not all of the available algorithms are deterministic and the analyst must pay attention t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Subliminal channel-Countermeasures-With the help of the zero-knowledge proof and the commitment scheme it is possible to prevent the usage of the subliminal channel.It should be mentioned that this countermeasure has a 1-bit subliminal channel. The reason for that is the problem that a proof can succeed or purposely f... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pointer (computer programming)-Uses-C linked list Below is an example definition of a linked list in C.\nThis pointer-recursive definition is essentially the same as the reference-recursive definition from the Haskell programming language: Nil is the empty list, and Cons a (Link a) is a cons cell of type a with anothe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pollard's p \u2212 1 algorithm-Multiple factors-It is possible that for all the prime factors p of n, p \u2212 1 is divisible by small primes, at which point the Pollard p \u2212 1 algorithm gives you n again." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Caff\u00e8 corretto-Caff\u00e8 corretto-Caff\u00e8 corretto (pronounced [kaf\u02c8f\u025b kkor\u02c8r\u025btto]), an Italian caffeinated alcoholic drink, consists of a shot of espresso with a small amount of liquor, usually grappa, and sometimes sambuca or brandy. It is also known (outside Italy) as an \"espresso corr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Zero ring-Definition-The zero ring, denoted {0} or simply 0, consists of the one-element set {0} with the operations + and \u00b7 defined such that 0 + 0 = 0 and 0 \u00b7 0 = 0." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Reissner\u2013Nordstr\u00f6m metric-Alternative formulation of metric-The metric can be expressed in Kerr\u2013Schild form like this: Notice that k is a unit vector. Here M is the constant mass of the object, Q is the constant charge of the object, and \u03b7 is the Minkowski tensor." | large_corpus_distillation |
"JSON streaming-Introduction-JSON is a popular format for exchanging object data between systems. Frequently there's a need for a stream of objects to be sent over a single connection, such as a stock ticker or application log records. In these cases there's a need to identify where one JSON encoded object ends and the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Combinations\nD n\u2208N k\u2208{0,1,\u2026,n} D k\nConsider again a set with elements. A combination of size from is an (unordered) subset of\nD k D {x ,x ,\u2026,x } x \u2208D i\ndistinct elements of . Thus, a combination of size from has the form 1 2 k , where i for each and\nx \u2260x i\u2260j\ni j for .\nk D k\nS... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cleanfeed (Usenet spam filter)-Cleanfeed (Usenet spam filter)-Cleanfeed is a spam filter for use with Usenet news groups. As well as blocking spam, it is also able to block binary image posts in non-binary news groups and HTML posts. It acts by looking for repeated patterns and duplicate messages, and is able to ident... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Plural quantification-Plural quantification-In mathematics and logic, plural quantification is the theory that an individual variable x may take on plural, as well as singular, values. As well as substituting individual objects such as Alice, the number 1, the tallest building in London etc. for x, we may substitute b... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Polynomial greatest common divisor-GCD over a ring and its field of fractions-In this section, we consider polynomials over a unique factorization domain R, typically the ring of the integers, and over its field of fractions F, typically the field of the rational numbers, and we denote R[X] and F[X] the rings of polyn... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Subject to the given constraint, f has a relative maximum of 19\u221a2\n\u2013\nat the point (\u221a2\n\u2013\n,\n3\u221a2, 5\u221a2).\n2 2\nNote that, subject to this constraint, f also has a relative minimum of \u221219\u221a2 \u2013 at the point (\u2212\u221a2 \u2013 , \u2212 3\u221a2 , \u2212 5\u221a2 ).\n2 2\nTo ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sequential space-Sequential space-The related concepts of Fr\u00e9chet\u2013Urysohn spaces, T-sequential spaces, and N -sequential spaces are also defined in terms of how a space's topology interacts with sequences, but have subtly different properties. Sequential spaces and N -sequential spaces were introduced by ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"UniPro-Layered architecture-UniPro associated with its underlying PHY layer is a layered protocol stack that covers layers L1 to L4 of the OSI Reference Model for networking. UniPro introduces an extra layer L1.5 between L1 and L2 which can be regarded as a sub-layer of OSI's layer L1.\nMultiple applications UniPro's ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ellipse-Inscribed angles and three-point form-Ellipses This section considers the family of ellipses defined by equations (x\u2212x\u2218)2a2+(y\u2212y\u2218)2b2=1 with a fixed eccentricity e . It is convenient to use the parameter: and to write the ellipse equation as: where q is fixed and x\u2218,y\u2218,a vary o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Information bias (epidemiology)-Misclassification-Differential misclassification Differential misclassification occurs when the error rate or probability of being misclassified differs across groups of study subjects. For example, the accuracy of blood pressure measurement may be lower for heavier than for lighter stu... | large_corpus_distillation |
investments. Therefore, if all depositors attempt to withdraw their funds simultaneously, a bank will run out of money long before it is able to pay all the depositors. The bank will be able to pay the first depositors who demand their money back, but if all others attempt to withdraw too, the bank will go bankrupt and... | large_corpus_distillation |
times the probability of heads for a heads-only coin plus the conditional probability of a fair coin times the probability of heads for a fair coin, or 2/3 * 1 + 1/3 * .5 = 5/6 \u2248 .8333." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Column inch-Column width-In the United States, a common newspaper column measurement is about 11 picas wide \u2014about 1.83 inches (46 mm)\u2014though this measure varies from paper to paper and in other countries. The examples in this article follow this assumption for illustrative purposes only." | large_corpus_distillation |
out such a calculation using the traditional long multiplication form without having to draw up a grid." | large_corpus_distillation |
"NP-completeness-Properties-Viewing a decision problem as a formal language in some fixed encoding, the set NPC of all NP-complete problems is not closed under: union intersection concatenation Kleene starIt is not known whether NPC is closed under complementation, since NPC=co-NPC if and only if NP=co-NP, and since NP... | large_corpus_distillation |
filename.\nCopying files with long names or located in paths of significant depth from one file system to another may cause undesirable results. This depends on how the utility doing the copying handles the discrepancy." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Simultaneous eating algorithm-Guaranteeing ex-post approximate fairness-Freeman, Shah and Vaish show: The Recursive Probabilistic Serial (RecPS) algorithm, which returns a probability distribution over allocations that are all envy-free-except-one-item (EF1). The distribution is ex-ante EF, and the allocation is ex-po... | large_corpus_distillation |
represented by many matrices. This is because the values of the elements of a matrix depend on the bases chosen." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Item response theory-Information-These results allow psychometricians to (potentially) carefully shape the level of reliability for different ranges of ability by including carefully chosen items. For example, in a certification situation in which a test can only be passed or failed, where there is only a single \"cut... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Conjunction fallacy-Criticism-Critics such as Gerd Gigerenzer and Ralph Hertwig criticized the Linda problem on grounds such as the wording and framing. The question of the Linda problem may violate conversational maxims in that people assume that the question obeys the maxim of relevance. Gigerenzer argues that some ... | large_corpus_distillation |
of a crown graph, Discr. Appl. Math. 244, 2018, 89\u221293.\nM.M. Halld\u00f3rsson, S. Kitaev, A. Pyatkin On representable graphs, semi-transitive orientations, and the representation numbers, arXiv:0810.0310 (2008).\nM.M. Halld\u00f3rsson, S. Kitaev, A. Pyatkin (2010) Graphs capturing alternations in words. In: Y. Gao... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Braille pattern dots-12-Plus dots 7 and 8-Related to Braille pattern dots-12 are Braille patterns 127, 128, and 1278, which are used in 8-dot braille systems, such as Gardner-Salinas and Luxembourgish Braille." | large_corpus_distillation |
where A is a constant containing the entropic term.Therefore, given a temperature and the formation energy of Schottky defect, the intrinsic Schottky defect concentration can be calculated from the above equation." | large_corpus_distillation |
search - at a low level, data is indexed with Lucene.net, which means indexes support full-text search." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Return-oriented programming-Background-Return-oriented programming is an advanced version of a stack smashing attack. Generally, these types of attacks arise when an adversary manipulates the call stack by taking advantage of a bug in the program, often a buffer overrun. In a buffer overrun, a function that does not p... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Crypt (C)-Key derivation functions supported by crypt-$2a$ \u2013 The current key used to identify this scheme. Since a major security flaw was discovered in 2011 in a non-OpenBSD crypt_blowfish implementation of the algorithm, hashes indicated by this string are now ambiguous and might have been generated by the flaw... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Electric field gradient-Definition-A given charge distribution of electrons and nuclei, \u03c1(r), generates an electrostatic potential V(r). The derivative of this potential is the negative of the electric field generated. The first derivatives of the field, or the second derivatives of the potential, is the electric... | large_corpus_distillation |
"In-target probe-In-target probe-In-target probe, or ITP is a device used in computer hardware and microprocessor design, to control a target microprocessor or similar ASIC at the register level. It generally allows full control of the target device and allows the computer engineer access to individual processor regist... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Housing unit-Housing unit-In the United States, the US Census Bureau defines a housing unit as any single-family residential structure (like a house or a manufactured home) or any distinct unit in a multi-unit building where the unit provides privacy for the occupants, and the unit has access to the outside, and occup... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Primeval number-Primeval number-The first few primeval numbers are 1, 2, 13, 37, 107, 113, 137, 1013, 1037, 1079, 1237, 1367, 1379, 10079, 10123, 10136, 10139, 10237, 10279, 10367, 10379, 12379, 13679, ... (sequence A072857 in the OEIS)The number of primes that can be obtained from the primeval numbers is 0, 1, 3, 4, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Inversion (discrete mathematics)-Definitions-Inversion Let \u03c0 be a permutation. There is an inversion of \u03c0 between i and j if i<j and \u03c0(i)>\u03c0(j) . The inversion is indicated by an ordered pair containing either the places (i,j) or the elements (\u03c0(i),\u03c0(j)) .The inversion set is the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cost distance analysis-Cost raster-Environmental impacts, the negative effects on the natural or human environment caused by the infrastructure or the travel along it. For example, building an expressway through a residential neighborhood or a wetland would incur a high political cost (in the form of environmental imp... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Portable Network Graphics-File size and optimization software-Other notable examples of poor PNG compressors include: Microsoft's Paint for Windows XP Microsoft Picture It! Photo Premium 9Poor compression increases the PNG file size but does not affect the image quality or compatibility of the file with other programs... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hack computer-Assembly language-The A-instruction may be used for one of three purposes. It is the only means to introduce a (non-negative) numeric value into the computer under program control; that is, it may be used to create program constants. Secondly, it is used to specify a RAM memory location using the M pseud... | large_corpus_distillation |
ISO/IEC 29167-20 over-the-air protocol, including impersonation of a target tag with negligible amount of time and memory and full private key recovery requiring 249 time and 248 memory. Atkins and Goldfeld responded that adding a hash or message authentication code to the draft protocol defeats these attacks." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Peripheral Component Interconnect-PCI bus signals-If the starting offset within the cache line is zero, all of these modes reduce to the same order.\nCache line toggle and cache line wrap modes are two forms of critical-word-first cache line fetching. Toggle mode XORs the supplied address with an incrementing counter.... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Covariance and contravariance of vectors-Definition-Contravariant transformation A vector v in V is expressed uniquely as a linear combination of the elements Xi of the f basis as where vi[f] are elements of the field S known as the components of v in the f basis. Denote the column vector of components of v by v[f]:... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Elliptic curve point multiplication-Point operations-Point doubling Where the points P and Q are coincident (at the same coordinates), addition is similar, except that there is no well-defined straight line through P, so the operation is closed using a limiting case, the tangent to the curve, E, at P.\nThis is calcula... | large_corpus_distillation |
"SDS 9 Series-SDS 940-System programmed operators In user mode, programmed operators function the same as normal mode, accessing the user's virtual locations 100-1778. The 940 also includes a facility to execute System Programmed operators (SYSPOPS), used to call monitor services. When a SYSPOP is encountered in user m... | large_corpus_distillation |
parked car. The marker could also tell the user when they last parked their car, and a Notes field allowed the user to enter information, such as parking garage number, in the app.The app began to help users find the nearest gas station, fast-food restaurant or coffee shop, by swiping up from the bottom of the screen. ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"CMS file system-File system structure-Records are usually called items in CMS terminology. CMS files can have either fixed or variable record format; record types may not be mixed in a file. For fixed-length records the length is defined by FSTLRECL, and the location of any fixed-length record can be computed by (item... | large_corpus_distillation |
"LOCC-Examples-State discrimination Given two quantum states \u03c8 on a bi- or multipartite Hilbert space H=HA\u2297HB\u2297\u2026HZ , the task is to determine which one of two (or more) possible states \u03c81,\u03c82 it is. As a simple example, consider the two Bell states |\u03c81\u27e9=12(|0\u27e9A\u2297|0\u27e... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cabinetry-Cabinet components-Compartments A cabinet usually has at least one compartment. Compartments may be open, as in open shelving; they may be enclosed by one or more doors; or they may contain one or more drawers. Some cabinets contain secret compartments, access to which is generally not obvious." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Modular forms modulo p-The Hecke algebra modulo 2-It is defined to be the algebra generated by Hecke operators modulo 2, over F2 Following Serre and Nicolas's notations from odd \u27e9 , i.e. F=\u27e8\u0394,\u03943,\u03945,\u03947,\u03949,\u2026\u27e9 Writing F(n)=\u27e8\u0394,\u03943,\u03945,\u2026,\u03942n\u22121... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Commitment scheme-Construction-Additive and Multiplicative Homomorphic properties of commitments The Pedersen commitment scheme introduces an interesting homomorphic property that allows performing addition between two commitments. More specifically, given two messages m1 and m2 and randomness r1 and r2 , respecti... | large_corpus_distillation |
end we have to define a value of new information. Consider,\n2\nCite as: Tommi Jaakkola, course materials for 6.867 Machine Learning, Fall 2006. MIT OpenCourseWare\n(http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].(cid:13)(cid:10)" | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dependency inversion principle-Examples-The level of service required by high level modules should be considered.\nDesigning a module as a set of abstract interfaces, and adapting other modules to it, can provide a common interface for many systems." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Equivalence relation-Equivalence relations and mathematical logic-An implication of model theory is that the properties defining a relation can be proved independent of each other (and hence necessary parts of the definition) if and only if, for each property, examples can be found of relations not satisfying the give... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Education management information system-Scope-Health and physical development This department's primary role is to develop safe and effective programmes to educate students on healthy living and physical education, and involves mastery of a sport and acquiring basic movement skills. The department develops a curriculu... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Glossary of meteorology-C-ceiling balloon Also called a pilot balloon or pibal.\nA type of weather balloon used by meteorologists to determine the height of the cloud base above ground level during daylight hours by measuring the time it takes for the balloon, released from the ground and rising at a known rate of asc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Aircraft flight mechanics-Aircraft flight mechanics-Aircraft flight mechanics are relevant to fixed wing (gliders, aeroplanes) and rotary wing (helicopters) aircraft. An aeroplane (airplane in US usage), is defined in ICAO Document 9110 as, \"a power-driven heavier than air aircraft, deriving its lift chiefly from aer... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mathematics of cyclic redundancy checks-Error detection strength-The error-detection ability of a CRC depends on the degree of its key polynomial and on the specific key polynomial used. The \"error polynomial\" E(x) is the symmetric difference of the received message codeword and the correct message codeword. An err... | large_corpus_distillation |
"AN codes-AN Codes-AN codes are defined by integers A and B and are used to encode integers from 0 to B\u22121 such that C={AN|N\u2208Z,0\u2264N <B} Each choice of A will result in a different code, while B serves as a limiting factor to ensure useful properties in the distance of the code. If B is too large, it... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Agile leadership-Agile leadership-Rooted in agile software development and initially referred to leading self-organizing development teams (Appelo, 2011;), the concept of agile leadership is now used to more generally denote an approach to people and team leadership that is focused on boosting adaptiveness in highly d... | large_corpus_distillation |
how much each individual has collaborated based on how often they communicate and how long their messages are." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bit array-More complex operations-Population / Hamming weight If we wish to find the number of 1 bits in a bit array, sometimes called the population count or Hamming weight, there are efficient branch-free algorithms that can compute the number of bits in a word using a series of simple bit operations. We simply run ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Text annotation-Structure and design-Annotation structure The structural components of any annotation can be roughly divided into three primary elements: a body, an anchor, and a marker. The body of an annotation includes reader-generated symbols and text, such as handwritten commentary or stars in the margin. The anc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Google Fusion Tables-Features-The size of uploaded data set was limited to 250 MB per file with a total limit of 1 GB per user. An API allowed data to be ingested automatically. Visualizations were also embeddable into other web pages to support static or live-updating data within publications." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quadratic residue-History, conventions, and elementary facts-The fact that, e.g., modulo 15 the product of the nonresidues 3 and 5, or of the nonresidue 5 and the residue 9, or the two residues 9 and 10 are all zero comes from working in the full ring Z/nZ, which has zero divisors for composite n." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sprague\u2013Grundy theorem-Definitions-Example Nim Game Sizes of heaps Moves A B C 1 2 2 Alice takes 1 from A 0 2 2 Bob takes 1 from B 0 1 2 Alice takes 1 from C 0 1 1 Bob takes 1 from B 0 0 1 Alice takes 1 from C 0 0 0 Bob has no moves, so Alice wins At step 6 of the game (when all of the heaps are empty) the pos... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Open and closed maps-Properties-Open or closed maps that are continuous If f:X\u2192Y is a continuous map that is also open or closed then: if f is a surjection then it is a quotient map and even a hereditarily quotient map, A surjective map f:X\u2192Y is called hereditarily quotient if for every subset T\u2286Y,... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Overclocking-Overclocking-In computing, overclocking is the practice of increasing the clock rate of a computer to exceed that certified by the manufacturer. Commonly, operating voltage is also increased to maintain a component's operational stability at accelerated speeds. Semiconductor devices operated at higher fre... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Code reuse-Overview-Code reuse aims to save time and resources and reduce redundancy by taking advantage of assets that have already been created in some form within the software product development process. The key idea in reuse is that parts of a computer program written at one time can be or should be used in the c... | large_corpus_distillation |
homogeneous culture. In a network created by people analyzing their understanding of the word (such as Wordnet) the links and decomposition structures of the network are few in number and kind, and include part of, kind of, and similar links. In automated ontologies the links are computed vectors without explicit meani... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sample complexity-Restricted hypothesis space: finite sample-complexity-The latter approach leads to concepts such as VC dimension and Rademacher complexity which control the complexity of the space H . A smaller hypothesis space introduces more bias into the inference process, meaning that EH\u2217 may be greater t... | large_corpus_distillation |
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