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"Defect-Defect-Defect or defects may refer to: " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pincherle derivative-Properties-The Pincherle derivative, like any commutator, is a derivation, meaning it satisfies the sum and products rules: given two linear operators S and T belonging to End \u2061(K[x]), (T+S)\u2032=T\u2032+S\u2032 ;(TS)\u2032=T\u2032S+TS\u2032 where TS=T\u2218S is the composition of operat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Category of abelian groups-Properties-The zero object of Ab is the trivial group {0} which consists only of its neutral element.\nThe monomorphisms in Ab are the injective group homomorphisms, the epimorphisms are the surjective group homomorphisms, and the isomorphisms are the bijective group homomorphisms." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Order (exchange)-Conditional orders-One sends other orders One sends other (OSO) orders are used when the trader wishes to send a new order only when another one has been executed. For instance, the trader may wish to buy stock ABC at $10.00 then immediately try to sell it at $10.05 to gain the spread. In this case, t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Smn theorem-Details-The basic form of the theorem applies to functions of two arguments (Nies 2009, p. 6). Given a G\u00f6del numbering \u03c6 of recursive functions, there is a primitive recursive function s of two arguments with the following property: for every G\u00f6del number p of a partial computable function ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Filter (set theory)-Filters and prefilters-Two families of sets and C mesh and are compatible, indicated by writing B#C, if for all and C\u2208C.\nIf and C do not mesh then they are dissociated. If and B\u2286\u2118(X) then and S are said to mesh if and {S} mesh, or equivalently, if the trace of on S, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lasso (statistics)-Interpretations-Bayesian interpretation Just as ridge regression can be interpreted as linear regression for which the coefficients have been assigned normal prior distributions, lasso can be interpreted as linear regression for which the coefficients have Laplace prior distributions. The Laplace di... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Python syntax and semantics-Operators-The boolean operators and and or use minimal evaluation. For example, y == 0 or x/y > 100 will never raise a divide-by-zero exception. These operators return the value of the last operand evaluated, rather than True or False. Thus the expression (4 and 5) evaluates to 5, and (4 or... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Clock rate-Comparing-The clock rate alone is generally considered to be an inaccurate measure of performance when comparing different CPUs families. Software benchmarks are more useful. Clock rates can sometimes be misleading since the amount of work different CPUs can do in one cycle varies. For example, superscalar ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Local shared object-Storage-If that same visitor, using the same machine now opens an Internet Explorer browser and visits any page from the site viewed in Firefox, the site can read the LSO value(s) in the Internet Explorer browser, and display dynamic content or otherwise target the visitor.This is distinct from coo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lawler's algorithm-Example 2-j1 (2) / \\ j2 j3 (2) (4) / \\ | j4 j5 j6 (3) (5) (6) The due dates of jobs are shown underneath of each node of the tree in parentheses. j1: 2 j2: 5 j3: 4 j4: 3 j5: 5 j6: 6Now look at the set of jobs without any successors, find the one with latest due date, put it into the front of ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Principal component analysis-History-PCA was invented in 1901 by Karl Pearson, as an analogue of the principal axis theorem in mechanics; it was later independently developed and named by Harold Hotelling in the 1930s. Depending on the field of application, it is also named the discrete Karhunen\u2013Lo\u00e8ve transf... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Moore\u2013Penrose inverse-Construction-Updating the pseudoinverse For the cases where A has full row or column rank, and the inverse of the correlation matrix ( AA\u2217 for A with full row rank or A\u2217A for full column rank) is already known, the pseudoinverse for matrices related to A can be computed by appl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"File attribute-File attribute-File attributes are a type of meta-data that describe and may modify how files and/or directories in a filesystem behave. Typical file attributes may, for example, indicate or specify whether a file is visible, modifiable, compressed, or encrypted. The availability of most file attributes... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Search engine-Technology-Modern web search engines are highly intricate software systems that employ technology that has evolved over the years. There are a number of sub-categories of search engine software that are separately applicable to specific 'browsing' needs. These include web search engines (e.g. Google), da... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Amateur sports-High school sports-One study on the relationship between high school athletic and academic successes finds that, for the most part, higher participation and success rates in sports is positively related school-wide student successes on academic outcomes such as standardized test scores and educational a... | large_corpus_distillation |
multiprocessor systems, spinlocking-thread from being preempted; dynamic dispatchers, which act like mutexes, semaphores, events, and timers." | large_corpus_distillation |
"International Bank Account Number-Processing-Example In this example, the above algorithm for D mod 97 will be applied to D = 3214282912345698765432161182. (The digits are colour-coded to aid the description below.) If the result is one, the IBAN corresponding to D passes the check digit test.\nConstruct N from the fi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Full reptend prime-Base 10-Base 10 may be assumed if no base is specified, in which case the expansion of the number is called a repeating decimal. In base 10, if a full reptend prime ends in the digit 1, then each digit 0, 1, ..., 9 appears in the reptend the same number of times as each other digit.:\u200a166\u200a ... | large_corpus_distillation |
of the training points to obtain new transformed training data new tr \u2299W+B (where \u2299 denotes the element-wise vector product). To ensure similar distributions between the new transformed training samples and the test data, W,B are estimated by minimizing the following empirical kernel embedding distance ne... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Penrose\u2013Lucas argument-Background-G\u00f6del showed that any such theory also including a statement of its own consistency is inconsistent. A key element of the proof is the use of G\u00f6del numbering to construct a \"G\u00f6del sentence\" for the theory, which encodes a statement of its own incompleteness: \"Th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Word addressing-Sub-word accesses and wide addresses-Suppose that a program wishes to read the third code point into register r1 from the word at an address in register r2. In the absence of any other support from the instruction set, the program must load the full word, right-shift by 16 to drop the first two code po... | large_corpus_distillation |
"German tank problem-Example-The frequentist prediction is calculated as: 74 The Bayesian median is calculated as: ln 74.5 The Bayesian mean is calculated as: 89 Both Bayesian computations are based on the following probability mass function: Pr if if n\u2265m, This distribution has a positive skewness, related to th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Simple API for XML-Benefits-Because of the event-driven nature of SAX, processing documents is generally far faster than DOM-style parsers, so long as the processing can be done in a start-to-end pass. Many tasks, such as indexing, conversion to other formats, very simple formatting and the like can be done that way. ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Modularity (networks)-Matrix formulation-All rows and columns of the modularity matrix sum to zero, which means that the modularity of an undivided network is also always 0 For networks divided into just two communities, one can alternatively define sv=\u00b11 to indicate the community to which node v belongs, whic... | large_corpus_distillation |
"BRS-inequality-Identically distributed random variables.-The solution is t=2s/n , and thus from the inequality (2) E(N[n,s])\u2264nF(t)=n2s/n=2sn . (4)Since one always has N[n,s]\u2264n , this bound becomes trivial for s\u2265nE(X)=n/2 For the example questions with 100 10 this yields 100 10 2000 44.7 As one sees... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Salt (cryptography)-Unix implementations-1970s\u20131980s Earlier versions of Unix used a password file /etc/passwd to store the hashes of salted passwords (passwords prefixed with two-character random salts). In these older versions of Unix, the salt was also stored in the passwd file (as cleartext) together with the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Omnibus test-In logistic regression-The block chi-square, 9.562, tests whether either or both of the variables included in this block (GPA and TUCE) have effects that differ from zero. This is the equivalent of an incremental F test, i.e. it tests H0: \u03b2GPA = \u03b2TUCE = 0." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Intrusion detection system evasion techniques-Denial of service-Due to the fact that passive IDS are inherently fail-open (as opposed to fail-closed), launching a denial-of-service attack against the IDS on a network is a feasible method of circumventing its protection. An adversary can accomplish this by exploiting a... | large_corpus_distillation |
the edge. Ideally this scale parameter should be adjusted based on the quality of image to avoid destroying true edges of the image." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Artillery fuze-Types-Direct action fuze designs are 'super-quick' but may have a delay option. 20th-century designs vary in the relative positions of their key elements. The extremes being the firing pin and detonator close to the nose with a long flash tube to the booster (typical in US designs), or a long firing pin... | large_corpus_distillation |
response was contingent on semantic information than on phonological information. Thus, they were able to conclude that semantic information becomes available earlier than phonological information in language processing. Researchers have also been able to show that some forms of knowledge are available from written wor... | large_corpus_distillation |
frequently used modifiers tend to occur before less frequently used modifiers. For example, big is a more frequently used word than cold, so we would expect a big cold lake rather than a cold big lake.Some grammars have proposed multiple \"zones\" for pre-head modifiers in English noun phrases. A Comprehensive Grammar ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Grammatical tense-Tense marking-Morphology of tense Tense is normally indicated by the use of a particular verb form \u2013 either an inflected form of the main verb, or a multi-word construction, or both in combination. Inflection may involve the use of affixes, such as the -ed ending that marks the past tense of Eng... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Augmented map-Implementation-For aug_filter, the tree structure takes the advantage that if the augmented value of a subtree does not satisfy the indicator h , the whole tree gets discarded. In this case, the cost of aug_filter is log \u2061(1+nk) where k is the output size.\nFor aug_project, whenever a whole subtr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Spanning tree-Counting spanning trees-If G is the complete bipartite graph Kp,q ,then t(G)=pq\u22121qp\u22121 For the n-dimensional hypercube graph Qn , the number of spanning trees is t(G)=22n\u2212n\u22121\u220fk=2nk(nk) In arbitrary graphs More generally, for any graph G, the number t(G) can be calculated in po... | large_corpus_distillation |
P(A\u2229B\u2229C)= 1 P(A)= 4 P(B)=P(C)= 3\nNote that , so . On the other hand, and .\n6 6 6\nSuppose that a standard, fair die is thrown 4 times. Find the probability of the following events.\n1. Six does not occur.\n2. Six occurs at least once.\n3. The sum of the first two scores is 5 and the sum of the last two scor... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stein's method-History-The method gained further popularity in the machine learning community in the mid 2010s, following the development of computable Stein discrepancies and the diverse applications and algorithms based on them." | large_corpus_distillation |
"System Center Essentials-Central concepts-The basic idea is to place a piece of software, an agent, on the computer to be monitored. The agent watches several sources on that computer, including the Windows Event Log, for specific events or alerts generated by the applications executing on the monitored computer. Upon... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Selected Areas in Cryptography-Selected Areas in Cryptography-Selected Areas in Cryptography (SAC) is an international cryptography conference (originally a workshop) held every August in Canada since 1994. The first workshop was organized by Carlisle Adams, Henk Meijer, Stafford Tavares and Paul van Oorschot. Through... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tango tree-Algorithm-Join Our join operation will combine two auxiliary trees as long as they have the property that the top node of one (in the reference tree) is a child of the bottom node of the other (essentially, that the corresponding preferred paths can be concatenated). This will work based on the concatenate ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hall's marriage theorem-Graph theoretic formulation-Sufficiency Consider the contrapositive: if there is no X -perfect matching then Hall's condition must be violated for at least one W\u2286X . Let M be a maximum matching, and let u be any unmatched vertex in X . Consider all alternating paths (paths in G that ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Recursion (computer science)-Recursive procedures-Binary search The binary search algorithm is a method of searching a sorted array for a single element by cutting the array in half with each recursive pass. The trick is to pick a midpoint near the center of the array, compare the data at that point with the data bein... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Czech conjugation-Tenses-Czech verbs express three absolute tenses \u2013 past, present and future. Relativity can be expressed by the aspect, sentence constructions and participles.\nThe present tense can be expressed in imperfective verbs only.\nPresent tense The present tense is formed by special endings: Verbs are... | large_corpus_distillation |
"directly set to zero even though the formula might suggest an indeterminate result, or a calculating procedure might have a \u201cdivide\nby zero\u201d error.\nThis page titled 5.6: Information is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Paul Penfield, Jr.\n(MIT OpenCourseWar... | large_corpus_distillation |
Dates can be specified into the future thus keys automatically become unavailable for specified operations when they expire.\nMessage structure KMIP is a stateless protocol in which messages are sent from a client to a server and then the client normally awaits on a reply. Each request may contain many operations thus ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Automatic summarization-Applications and systems for summarization-Maximum entropy-based summarization During the DUC 2001 and 2002 evaluation workshops, TNO developed a sentence extraction system for multi-document summarization in the news domain. The system was based on a hybrid system using a Naive Bayes classifie... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multi-task learning-Mathematics-Special cases Spectral penalties - Dinnuzo et al suggested setting F as the Frobenius norm tr(A\u22a4A) . They optimized Q directly using block coordinate descent, not accounting for difficulties at the boundary of Rn\u00d7T\u00d7S+T Clustered tasks learning - Jacob et al suggested to... | large_corpus_distillation |
is given a mass of 0.05. Such evidence might, for example, be obtained from a R/G color blind person. DST lets us extract the value of this sensor's evidence. Also, in DST the empty set is considered to have zero mass, meaning here that the signal light system exists and we are examining its possible states, not specul... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lucifer (cipher)-Description of the Sorkin variant-The variant described by Sorkin (1984) has 16 Feistel rounds, like DES, but no initial or final permutations. The key and block sizes are both 128 bits. The Feistel function operates on a 64-bit half-block of data, together with a 64-bit subkey and 8 \"interchange con... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Minimax estimator-Least favorable distribution-Definition: A sequence of prior distributions \u03c0n is called least favorable if for any other distribution \u03c0\u2032 lim n\u2192\u221er\u03c0n\u2265r\u03c0\u2032.\nTheorem 2: If there are a sequence of priors \u03c0n and an estimator \u03b4 such that sup lim n\u... | large_corpus_distillation |
"CPU cache-Cache hierarchy in a modern processor-This allows full-speed operation with a much smaller cache than a traditional full-time instruction cache.\nSmart cache Smart cache is a level 2 or level 3 caching method for multiple execution cores, developed by Intel." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Interval scheduling-Group Interval Scheduling Maximization-MaxSNP-complete when some groups contain 2 or more intervals GISMPk is NP-complete even when k\u22652 .Moreover, GISMPk is MaxSNP-complete, i.e., it does not have a PTAS unless P=NP. This can be proved by showing an approximation-preserving reduction from MAX... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Boson sampling-Complexity of the problem-Specifically, the proofs of the exact boson sampling problem cannot be directly applied here, since they are based on the #P-hardness of estimating the exponentially-small probability p(t1,t2,...,tN) of a specific measurement outcome. Thus, if a sampler \"knew\" which p(t1,t2... | large_corpus_distillation |
\u2013 The Seller\nThere are two methods for recording sales transactions when the seller offers its customer a discount to pay early. The choice\ndepends on when the seller expects the buyer to pay. If the seller expects the buyer to pay the full amount after the discount\nperiod has expired, the gross method is typic... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Linguaskill-Format-Part 1: the candidate needs to write an email (minimum of 50 words).\nPart 2: the candidate needs to write a longer text (minimum of 180 words).\nExample writing topics include: future plans; free time and hobbies; using and learning English; family and friends; travel and holidays; places and sight... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Driller's depth-The problem-On land, the floor of the rig provides us with a starting altitude, and all depth measurements are calculated relative to it. Since it is unlikely for the height of the ground to change significantly during drilling, this is assumed to be absolute." | large_corpus_distillation |
"1.R: Chapter 1 Review Exercises\nTrue or False? Justify your answer with a proof or a counterexample.\n1) A function is always one-to-one.\n2) f\u2218g=g\u2218f , assuming f and g are functions.\nAnswer\nFalse\n3) A relation that passes the horizontal and vertical line tests is a one-to-one function.\n4) A relation pa... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Smith\u2013Minkowski\u2013Siegel mass formula-Evaluation of the p-mass-The factor Mp(fq) is called a diagonal factor and is a power of p times the order of a certain orthogonal group over the field with p elements.\nFor odd p its value is given by 12(1\u2212p\u22122)(1\u2212p\u22124)\u2026(1\u2212p1\u2212n) when n is ... | large_corpus_distillation |
of Z n is illustrated in Figure 1.12 for the same\nunderlying X as used for S n /n in Figure 1.10. The curves in the two figures are the same except that each curve has been\n\u2212\u2212\nhorizontally scaled by \u221an in Figure 1.12.\nInspection of Figure 1.12 shows that the normalized distribution functions there se... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Adversarial machine learning-Attack modalities-Taxonomy Attacks against (supervised) machine learning algorithms have been categorized along three primary axes: influence on the classifier, the security violation and their specificity.\nClassifier influence: An attack can influence the classifier by disrupting the cla... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Digamma function-Computation and approximation-As x goes to infinity, \u03c8(x) gets arbitrarily close to both ln(x \u2212 1/2) and ln x. Going down from x + 1 to x, \u03c8 decreases by 1 / x, ln(x \u2212 1/2) decreases by ln (x + 1/2) / (x \u2212 1/2), which is more than 1 / x, and ln x decreases by ln (1 + 1 / x), w... | large_corpus_distillation |
and properties of variances of estimators. The Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound states that the inverse of the Fisher information is a lower bound on the variance of any estimator of a parameter \u03b1: var \u2061[\u03b1^]\u22651I(\u03b1)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Personal information management-Research-The ability to effectively handle information that is encountered by happenstance is essential to a person's ability to discover new material and make new connections. People also keep information that they have actively sought but do not have time to process currently. A searc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Degenerate energy levels-Examples-So, the energy levels are degenerate and the degree of degeneracy is equal to the number of different sets {nx,ny,nz} satisfying nx+ny+nz=n The degeneracy of the n -th state can be found by considering the distribution of n quanta across nx , ny and nz . Having 0 in nx gives n... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Direct sum-HomomorphismsThe direct sum-{\\textstyle \\bigoplus _{i\\in I}A_{i}} comes equipped with a projection homomorphism {\\textstyle \\pi _{j}\\colon \\,\\bigoplus _{i\\in I}A_{i}\\to A_{j}} for each j in I and a coprojection {\\textstyle \\alpha _{j}\\colon \\,A_{j}\\to \\bigoplus _{i\\in I}A_{i}} for each j ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Common cause and special cause (statistics)-Common cause and special cause (statistics)-Common and special causes are the two distinct origins of variation in a process, as defined in the statistical thinking and methods of Walter A. Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming. Briefly, \"common causes\", also called natural patte... | large_corpus_distillation |
represent a mismatch between different levels of grammatical structure." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hamming(7,4)-Hamming matrices-For the remainder of this section, the following 4 bits (shown as a column vector) will be used as a running example: p=(d1d2d3d4)=(1011) " | large_corpus_distillation |
"ISO 10303-Coverage of STEP Application Protocols (AP)-The STEP APs can be roughly grouped into the three main areas design, manufacturing and life cycle support." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Central limit theorem-Remarks-Convergence to the limit The central limit theorem gives only an asymptotic distribution. As an approximation for a finite number of observations, it provides a reasonable approximation only when close to the peak of the normal distribution; it requires a very large number of observations... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Animal disease model-Animal disease model-An animal model (short for animal disease model) is a living, non-human, often genetic-engineered animal used during the research and investigation of human disease, for the purpose of better understanding the disease process without the risk of harming a human. Although biolo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Subderivative-Definition-Rigorously, a subderivative of a convex function f:I\u2192R at a point x0 in the open interval I is a real number c such that for all x\u2208I . By the converse of the mean value theorem, the set of subderivatives at x0 for a convex function is a nonempty closed interval [a,b] , where ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Optimal asymmetric encryption padding-Algorithm-Security The \"all-or-nothing\" security is from the fact that to recover C:, one must recover the entire DB and the entire Seed; DB is required to recover the seed from the Seed, and the seed is required to recover the data block DB from DB. Since any changed bit of a c... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Configural frequency analysis-Chance model-The assumption of the independence of the symptoms can be replaced by another method to calculate the expected frequencies e(c) of the configurations. Such a method is called a chance model." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Flood fill-Stack-based recursive implementation (four-way)-Moving the recursion into a data structure Moving the recursion into a data structure (either a stack or a queue) prevents a stack overflow. It is similar to the simple recursive solution, except that instead of making recursive calls, it pushes the nodes onto... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Curry's paradox-Resolution-Resolution in unrestricted languages There are many language constructs that implicitly invoke an equation that may have none or many solutions. The sound resolution to this problem is to syntactically link these expressions to an existentially quantified variable. The variable represents th... | large_corpus_distillation |
offline by being replaced with a static HTML page while the administrator of its server must be told that other sites on the same server may also have been compromised. To solve the problem, the site must be restored using backups from before October 15, be patched and manually updated, and anything merged from the sit... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Written language-Orthography-In some orthographies, there is a one-to-one correspondence between phonemes and graphemes, as in Serbian and Finnish. These are known as shallow orthographies. In contrast, orthographies like that of English and French are known as deep orthographies due to the complex relationships betwe... | large_corpus_distillation |
numeral systems is problematic. On the other hand, if B is coprime with M (that is bi\u22600 ) then mod M can be easily calculated by mod mi, where B\u22121 is multiplicative inverse of B modulo M , and bi\u22121 is multiplicative inverse of bi modulo mi " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Programming style-Code appearance-Notice that Python does not use curly braces, but a regular colon (e.g. else:).\nMany Python programmers tend to follow a commonly agreed style guide known as PEP8. There are tools designed to automate PEP8 compliance.\nHaskell Haskell similarly has the off-side rule, i.e. it has a tw... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Square-free integer-Equivalent characterizations-A positive integer n is square-free if and only if all abelian groups of order n are isomorphic, which is the case if and only if any such group is cyclic. This follows from the classification of finitely generated abelian groups.\nA integer n is square-free if and o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Frugal number-Mathematical definition-Let b>1 be a number base, and let log b\u2061n\u230b+1 be the number of digits in a natural number n for base b . A natural number n has the prime factorisation prime p\u2223npvp(n) where vp(n) is the p-adic valuation of n , and n is an frugal number in base b if prime pr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Non-linear least squares-Theory-Note the sign convention in the definition of the Jacobian matrix in terms of the derivatives. Formulas linear in J may appear with factor of \u22121 in other articles or the literature.\nExtension by weights When the observations are not equally reliable, a weighted sum of squares ma... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Scrum (software development)-Workflow-Post-sprint events Conducted at the end of a sprint, a sprint review is a meeting that has a team share the work they've completed with stakeholders and liaise with them on feedback, expectations, and upcoming plans. At a sprint review completed deliverables are demonstrated to st... | large_corpus_distillation |
"L-estimator-Advantages-Assuming sorted data, L-estimators involving only a few points can be calculated with far fewer mathematical operations than efficient estimates. Before the advent of electronic calculators and computers, these provided a useful way to extract much of the information from a sample with minimal l... | large_corpus_distillation |
"TI-BASIC 83-Syntax-Loops TI-BASIC includes three types of loops: For(, While, and Repeat.\nFor( For( is similar to many other languages. It will repeat commands either a set number of times, or a variable number.\n:For(variable,start,end[,increment]) :body :End While and Repeat While takes a single argument, a conditi... | large_corpus_distillation |
that scatters light off soundwaves in a crystal, generated by piezoelectric elements. This is useful for fine-tuning a laser's frequency.\nAtomic force microscopes and scanning tunneling microscopes employ converse piezoelectricity to keep the sensing needle close to the specimen.\nInkjet printers: On many inkjet print... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sparse distributed memory-Definition-The binary space N The SDM works with n-dimensional vectors with binary components. Depending on the context, the vectors are called points, patterns, addresses, words, memory items, data, or events. This section is mostly about the properties of the vector space N = {0,1}n . Let ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Philip N. Klein-Books-Klein has published two textbooks: Klein, Philip N. (2014). A cryptography primer : secrets and promises. New York, NY, USA. ISBN 978-1-107-01788-7. OCLC 863632974.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Klein, Philip N. (2013). Coding the matrix : linear algebra through appli... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Optimistic replication-Algorithms-Scheduling and conflict resolution can either be syntactic or semantic. Syntactic systems rely on general information, such as when or where an operation was submitted. Semantic systems are able to make use of application-specific information to make smarter decisions. Note that state... | large_corpus_distillation |
repetition, in which the repetition is not so precise." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Gemination-Phonology-In some languages, like Italian, Swedish, Faroese, Icelandic, and Luganda, consonant length and vowel length depend on each other. A short vowel within a stressed syllable almost always precedes a long consonant or a consonant cluster, and a long vowel must be followed by a short consonant. In Cla... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multiparty communication complexity-Upper and lower bounds-For a general upper bound both for two and more players, let us suppose that A1 is one of the smallest classes of the partition A1,A2,...,Ak. Then P1 can compute any Boolean function of S with |A1| + 1 bits of communication: P2 writes down the |A1| bits of A1 ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Winny-Antinny-Since August 2003, several worms called \"Antinny\" have spread on the Winny network.\nSome versions of Antinny work as follows: Upload files from the host computer onto the Winny network.\nUpload screenshots onto an image board.\nDenial-of-service attack to a copyright protecting agency web site.Some pe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"MacWrite-History-The MacWrite development team was a company called Encore Systems, founded and led by Randy Wigginton, one of Apple's earliest employees, and included Don Breuner and Ed Ruder (co-founders of Encore Systems and also early Apple employees; Gabreal Franklin later joined Encore Systems as President.) Wig... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Shared register-Constructions-If operation op1 ends before operation op2 begins, then op1 comes before op2 in linearization." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Proactive secret sharing-Mathematics-This follows somewhat the work in." | large_corpus_distillation |
"GeneMark-Prokaryotic gene prediction-The GeneMark.hmm algorithm (1998) was designed to improve gene prediction accuracy in finding short genes and gene starts. The idea was to integrate the Markov chain models used in GeneMark into a hidden Markov model framework, with transition between coding and non-coding regions ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hierarchical closeness-Hierarchical closeness-Hierarchical closeness (HC) is a structural centrality measure used in network theory or graph theory. It is extended from closeness centrality to rank how centrally located a node is in a directed network. While the original closeness centrality of a directed network cons... | large_corpus_distillation |
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