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"Multivariate random variable-Independence-Two random vectors X and Y are called independent if for all x and y FX,Y(x,y)=FX(x)\u22c5FY(y) where FX(x) and FY(y) denote the cumulative distribution functions of X and Y and FX,Y(x,y) denotes their joint cumulative distribution function. Independence of X and Y i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Human bonding-Neurobiology-Prolactin levels can also increase during socially stressful situations in humans. This has been seen by administering the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), and then measuring blood serum prolactin concentrations. The TSST is a widely accepted stress test in which the research subject undergo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Belief propagation-Gaussian belief propagation (GaBP)-Equivalently, it can be shown that using the Gaussian model, the solution of the marginalization problem is equivalent to the MAP assignment problem: argmax exp \u2061(\u221212xTAx+bTx).\nThis problem is also equivalent to the following minimization problem of the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Software pipelining-Difficulties of implementation-In fact, Monica Lam presents an elegant solution to this problem in her thesis, A Systolic Array Optimizing Compiler (1989) (ISBN 0-89838-300-5). She calls it modulo variable expansion. The trick is to replicate the body of the loop after it has been scheduled, allowi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Contraposition-Comparisons-Examples Take the statement \"All red objects have color.\" This can be equivalently expressed as \"If an object is red, then it has color.\" The contrapositive is \"If an object does not have color, then it is not red.\" This follows logically from our initial statement and, like it, it is ... | large_corpus_distillation |
the second sub-function ( x ) is used, which evaluates trivially to the input value itself." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multiseat desktop virtualization-Introduction-It is commonly known that modern day PCs are extremely powerful and have substantial excess CPU processing power. In fact, most desktop applications do not use the multi-core capabilities of today's CPUs. When an application is launched it runs on the first core, and when ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Vision span-Application to speed reading-Some speed reading courses stress that the human eye has to move very quickly. They also stress that the human eye should move in a pattern to fill in the information that was not properly perceived. The effective limit for scanning speeds based upon the limit of the human eye'... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dynamic logic (digital electronics)-Static logic example-As an example, consider the static logic implementation of a CMOS NAND gate: This circuit implements the logic function Out=AB\u00af If A and B are both high, the output will be pulled low. If either A or B are low, the output will be pulled high. At all times, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Google Native Client-Second generation-The second generation of sandboxing developed in Google is gVisor. It is intended to replace NaCl in Google Cloud, to be more exact in Google App Engine. Google has also been promoting WebAssembly." | large_corpus_distillation |
matching, retrieval Formal methods and databases \u2014 applications of automated music identification and recognition, such as score following, automatic accompaniment, routing and filtering for music and music queries, query languages, standards and other metadata or protocols for music information handling and retri... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mixture model-Mixture model-Mixture models should not be confused with models for compositional data, i.e., data whose components are constrained to sum to a constant value (1, 100%, etc.). However, compositional models can be thought of as mixture models, where members of the population are sampled at random. Convers... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Modularity (networks)-Modularity (networks)-Modularity is a measure of the structure of networks or graphs which measures the strength of division of a network into modules (also called groups, clusters or communities). Networks with high modularity have dense connections between the nodes within modules but sparse co... | large_corpus_distillation |
"COVID-19 apps-General approaches-Apple / Google Exposure Notification protocol On 10 April 2020, Google and Apple, the companies that control the Android and iOS mobile platforms, announced an initiative for contact tracing, which they stated would preserve privacy, based on a combination of Bluetooth Low Energy techn... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kernel principal component analysis-Example-Consider three concentric clouds of points (shown); we wish to use kernel PCA to identify these groups. The color of the points does not represent information involved in the algorithm, but only shows how the transformation relocates the data points.\nFirst, consider the ker... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Trampoline (computing)-No-execute stacks-Some implementations of trampolines cause a loss of no-execute stacks (NX stack). In the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) in particular, a nested function builds a trampoline on the stack at runtime, and then calls the nested function through the data on stack. The trampoline requ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bar dice-Game mechanics-Bar dice is played with five six-sided dice, with each player attempting to assemble the highest hand possible from each \"flop\" or toss of the dice. Each round of the game will result with one player who has the highest hand; that player is \"out\" and can neither continue playing nor is resp... | large_corpus_distillation |
"5.8: The Gamma Distribution\nIn this section we will study a family of distributions that has special importance in probability and statistics. In particular, the\narrival times in the Poisson process have gamma distributions, and the chi-square distribution in statistics is a special case of the\ngamma distribution. ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fashion MNIST-History-The set of images in the Fashion MNIST database was created in 2017 to pose a more challenging classification task than the simple MNIST digits data, which saw performance reaching upwards of 99.7%.The GitHub repository has collected over 4000 stars and is referred to more than 400 repositories, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multiplicative group of integers modulo n-Examples-n = 9 The smallest example with a nontrivial subgroup of false witnesses is 9 = 3 \u00d7 3. There are 6 residues coprime to 9: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8. Since 8 is congruent to \u22121 modulo 9, it follows that 88 is congruent to 1 modulo 9. So 1 and 8 are false positives for... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stration-Details-The first variant of the Stration family was reported in late September 2006. It was quickly discovered that the worm program, as well as propagating itself by sending out copies via e-mail, was downloading new variants from one of a number of remote servers. These variants were generated by a program... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Recursive largest first algorithm-Performance-Let n be the number of vertices in the graph and let m be the number of edges. Using big O notation, in his original publication Leighton states the complexity of RLF to be O(n3) ; however, this can be improved upon. Much of the expense of this algorithm is due to Step ... | large_corpus_distillation |
for separable states. If the shared state \u03c3 is separable, it is clear that any local operation by Alice will leave Bob's system intact. Thus the point of the theorem is no communication can be achieved via a shared entangled state." | large_corpus_distillation |
continuous) and difficult to calculate for large numbers of trials, a variety of approximations are used to calculate this confidence interval, all with their own tradeoffs in accuracy and computational intensity." | large_corpus_distillation |
be to test the following cases: c1() returns true and c2() returns true c1() returns false and c2() returns falseNeither of these cases exposes the bug. If, however, we use cyclomatic complexity to indicate the number of tests we require, the number increases to 3. We must therefore test one of the following paths: c1(... | large_corpus_distillation |
and new directions. Memory & Cognition, 40, 663\u2013680." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Software testing tactics-The box approach-Grey-box testing Grey-box testing (American spelling: gray-box testing) involves having knowledge of internal data structures and algorithms for purposes of designing tests, while executing those tests at the user, or black-box level. The tester is not required to have full ac... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Snowball sampling-Advantages and disadvantages-Non-random: Snowball sampling contravenes many of the assumptions supporting conventional notions of random selection and representativeness. However, social systems are beyond researchers' ability to recruit randomly. Snowball sampling is inevitable in social systems.\nU... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computational complexity-Resources-The usual units of time (seconds, minutes etc.) are not used in complexity theory because they are too dependent on the choice of a specific computer and on the evolution of technology. For instance, a computer today can execute an algorithm significantly faster than a computer from ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stochastic gradient descent-Example-Suppose we want to fit a straight line y^=w1+w2x to a training set with observations (x1,x2,\u2026,xn) and corresponding estimated responses (y1^,y2^,\u2026,yn^) using least squares. The objective function to be minimized is: Q(w)=\u2211i=1nQi(w)=\u2211i=1n(yi^\u2212yi)2=\u2211i=... | large_corpus_distillation |
p(hl(2m)=1|h(1m),h(3))=g(\u2211j=1F1mWjl(2m)hj(1m)+\u2211p=1F3Wlp(3m)hp(3)+bl(2m)) p(hj(1t)=1|vt,h(2t))=g(\u2211k=1KWkl(1t)vk(t)+\u2211l=1F2tWjl(2t)hl(2t)+Mbj(1t)) p(hl(2t)=1|h(1t),h(3))=g(\u2211j=1F1tWjl(2t)hj(1t)+\u2211p=1F3Wlp(3t)hp(3)+bl(2t)) p(hp3)=1|h(2))=g(\u2211l=1F2mWlp(3m)hl(2m)+\u2211l=1F2tWlp(3t)hl(2t)+bp(3... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Orientation (graph theory)-Constrained orientations-A strong orientation is an orientation that results in a strongly connected graph. The closely related totally cyclic orientations are orientations in which every edge belongs to at least one simple cycle. An orientation of an undirected graph G is totally cyclic if ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Studies in Natural Language Processing-Studies in Natural Language Processing-Studies in Natural Language Processing is the book series of the Association for Computational Linguistics, published by Cambridge University Press.\nSteven Bird is the series editor." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Soft ontology-Computer science (unrelated terminology)-Soft ontology, as proposed in computer science circles by Aviles et al. (2003), is a definition of a domain in terms of a flexible set of ontological dimensions. It can be regarded as a subclass of ontologies as they are conceived of in computer science, in Gruber... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Examples of data mining-Business-Categorization of the items available in the e-commerce site is a fundamental problem. A correct item categorization system is essential for user experience as it helps determine the items relevant to him for search and browsing. Item categorization can be formulated as a supervised cl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rhino (JavaScript engine)-Use-Rhino converts JavaScript scripts into classes. Rhino works in both compiled and interpreted mode. It is intended to be used in desktop or server-side applications, hence there is no built-in support for the Web browser objects that are commonly associated with JavaScript.\nRhino can be u... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Algorithmic information theory-Overview-Algorithmic information theory principally studies complexity measures on strings (or other data structures). Because most mathematical objects can be described in terms of strings, or as the limit of a sequence of strings, it can be used to study a wide variety of mathematical ... | large_corpus_distillation |
to reduce the space to O(n + c).A variant of the same algorithm can be used for the widest path problem. In combination with methods for quickly partitioning non-integer edge weights into subsets that can be assigned integer priorities, it leads to near-linear-time solutions to the single-source single-destination vers... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Generative adversarial network-Mathematical properties-Move order and strategic equilibria In the original paper, as well as most subsequent papers, it is usually assumed that the generator moves first, and the discriminator moves second, thus giving the following minimax game: If both the generator's and the discrimi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"NTFS links-Types-There are three classes of links: Hard links, which have files share the same MFT entry (inode), in the same filesystem. These behave the same as hard links in Unix or Linux, in that the directory entry references the file itself, so that renaming or removing other entries referring to the file do not... | large_corpus_distillation |
"DO-219-Outline of Contents-Purpose and Scope Performance requirements and Test Procedures Installed Equipment Performance Operational CharacteristicsAppendix A: ATC Two-Way Data Link Communications Message Set Appendix B: ATC Two-Way Data Link Communications Data Structures Glossary Appendix C: An Overview of the Pack... | large_corpus_distillation |
"JavaScript-History-Microsoft initially participated in the standards process and implemented some proposals in its JScript language, but eventually it stopped collaborating on Ecma work. Thus ECMAScript 4 was mothballed." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Beltrami\u2013Klein model-Distance formula-The distance function for the Beltrami\u2013Klein model is a Cayley\u2013Klein metric. Given two distinct points p and q in the open unit ball, the unique straight line connecting them intersects the boundary at two ideal points, a and b, label them so that the points are, in... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Campbell Middleton-Selected publications-Hoult, N.A., Fidler, P.R.A., Wassell, I.J., Hill, P.G. and Middleton, C.R. (2008). Wireless Structural Health Monitoring at the Humber Bridge. Proceedings of ICE \u2013 Bridge Engineering, 161(BE4), 189\u2013195.\nMiddleton, C.R. (2007) Bridge assessment chapter in Modeling Com... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Von Mises\u2013Fisher distribution-Transformation-One may verify that since \u03bc and x are unit vectors, then by the orthogonality, so are U\u03bc and y " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Key feedback mode-History and standardization-The earliest modes of operation, ECB, CBC, OFB, and CFB (see below for all), date back to 1981 and were specified in FIPS 81, DES Modes of Operation. In 2001, the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) revised its list of approved modes of operation by in... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Critical hit-Types-Critical hits are meant to simulate an occasional \"lucky hit\". The concept represents the effect of hitting an artery, or finding a weak point, such as a stab merely in the leg causing less damage than a stab in the Achilles tendon. Critical hits are almost always random, although character attrib... | large_corpus_distillation |
the following exercises, solve the inequality involving absolute value. Write your final answer in interval notation.\n15. 16. 17.\n18. 19. 20.\n21. 22. 23.\nFor the following exercises, describe all thex-values within or including a distance of the given values.\n24. Distance of 5 units from 25. Distance of 3 units fr... | large_corpus_distillation |
in the experiment. The probability value\nis computed assuming the null hypothesis is true. The lower the probability value, the stronger the evidence that the null hypothesis\n0.05\nis false. Traditionally, the null hypothesis is rejected if the probability value is below .\nProbability values can be either one tailed... | large_corpus_distillation |
"A1CF-Gene-Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and three full-length transcript variants, encoding three distinct isoforms, have been described. Additional splicing has been observed but the full-length nature of these variants has not been determined." | large_corpus_distillation |
rules are not strictly necessary to generate the set of grammatical sentences in a language, since that can be done using phrase structure rules alone, but the use of transformations provides economy in some cases (the number of rules can be reduced), and it also provides a way of representing the grammatical relations... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Extreme programming practices-Programmer welfare-Also, included in this concept is that people perform best and most creatively if they are well rested.\nA key enabler to achieve sustainable pace is frequent code-merge and always executable & test covered high quality code. The constant refactoring way of working enfo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Jenkins hash function-The hash functions-one_at_a_time Jenkins's one_at_a_time hash is adapted here from a WWW page by Bob Jenkins, which is an expanded version of his Dr. Dobb's article. It was originally created to fulfill certain requirements described by Colin Plumb, a cryptographer, but was ultimately not put to ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sign test-Example of two-sided sign test for matched pairs-There are n=10 deer. There are 8 positive differences and 2 negative differences. If the null hypothesis is true, that there is no difference in hind leg and foreleg lengths, then the expected number of positive differences is 5 out of 10. What is the probabil... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pretty Good Privacy-OpenPGP-OpenPGP is on the Internet Standards Track and is under active development. Many e-mail clients provide OpenPGP-compliant email security as described in RFC 3156. The current specification is RFC 4880 (November 2007), the successor to RFC 2440. RFC 4880 specifies a suite of required algorit... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Iterator-In different programming languages-or even shorter Ruby can also iterate over fixed lists by using Enumerators and either calling their #next method or doing a for each on them, as above.\nRust With Rust one can iterate on element of vectors, or create own iterators. Each iterator has adapters (map, filter, s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rao\u2013Blackwell theorem-Completeness and Lehmann\u2013Scheff\u00e9 minimum variance-However, the following unbiased estimator can be shown to have lower variance: \u03b8^LV=12(k2n\u22121n+1+1)[(1\u2212k)X(1)+(1+k)X(n)].\nAnd in fact, it could be even further improved when using the following estimator: \u03b8^BAYES... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Correlation clustering-Formal Definitions-The minimum disagreement correlation clustering problem is the following optimization problem: Here, the set E+\u2229\u03b4(\u03a0) contains the attractive edges whose endpoints are in different components with respect to the clustering \u03a0 and the set E\u2212\u2216\u03b... | large_corpus_distillation |
where U and V are unitary, and \u03a3 is diagonal. The diagonal entries of \u03a3 are called the singular values of A. Because singular values are the square roots of the eigenvalues of AA\u2217 , there is a tight connection between the singular value decomposition and eigenvalue decompositions. This means that most... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Books on cryptography-List-Cryptographic environment/context or security Schneier, Bruce \u2013 Secrets and Lies, Wiley, ISBN 0-471-25311-1, a discussion of the context within which cryptography and cryptosystems work. Practical Cryptography also includes some contextual material in the discussion of crypto system des... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Alternating decision tree-Motivation-Original boosting algorithms typically used either decision stumps or decision trees as weak hypotheses. As an example, boosting decision stumps creates a set of T weighted decision stumps (where T is the number of boosting iterations), which then vote on the final classificatio... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Software lockout-Kernel-level critical sections-In most multiprocessor systems, each processor schedules and controls itself, therefore there's no \"supervisor\" processor, and kernel data structures are globally shared; sections of code that access those shared data structures are critical sections. This design choic... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Recommender system-Approaches-Collaborative filtering One approach to the design of recommender systems that has wide use is collaborative filtering. Collaborative filtering is based on the assumption that people who agreed in the past will agree in the future, and that they will like similar kinds of items as they li... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Processor design-Processor design-Processor design is a subfield of computer science and computer engineering (fabrication) that deals with creating a processor, a key component of computer hardware." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Specialized lexicography-Various aspects of specialized lexicography-The function for which the dictionary has been designed is also relevant. The dictionary may have been designed to help the user with two general types of function: communication-oriented and knowledge-oriented. The former deals with the translation ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Graph neural network-Message passing layers-Graph nodes in an MPNN update their representation aggregating information from their immediate neighbours. As such, stacking n MPNN layers means that one node will be able to communicate with nodes that are at most n \"hops\" away. In principle, to ensure that every node ... | large_corpus_distillation |
exhibiting the factorization of n into distinct primes, all larger than k; one can verify their primality using the AKS primality test, and then multiply them to obtain n. The fundamental theorem of arithmetic guarantees that there is only one possible string of increasing primes that will be accepted, which shows that... | large_corpus_distillation |
"IEEE 802.1AE-Details-The 802.1AE standard specifies the implementation of a MAC Security Entities (SecY) that can be thought of as part of the stations attached to the same LAN, providing secure MAC service to the client. The standard defines MACsec frame format, which is similar to the Ethernet frame, but includes ad... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Camping-Equipment-Winter camping can be dangerous without respecting the basic rules when it comes to this particular activity." | large_corpus_distillation |
dependents seems to be established. For example, \"Note order of words in noun-phrase--noun + adj. + genitive\" suggests a more modern conception of noun phrases." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lookup table-Examples-Trivial hash function For a trivial hash function lookup, the unsigned raw data value is used directly as an index to a one-dimensional table to extract a result. For small ranges, this can be amongst the fastest lookup, even exceeding binary search speed with zero branches and executing in const... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Phonological rule-Format and notation-The rule given above for intervocalic alveolar flapping describes what sound is changed, what the sound changes to, and where the change happens (in other words, what the environment is that triggers the change). The illustration below presents the same rule, with each of its part... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Protected mode-Operating systems-Operating systems like OS/2 1.x try to switch the processor between protected and real modes. This is both slow and unsafe, because a real mode program can easily crash a computer. OS/2 1.x defines restrictive programming rules allowing a Family API or bound program to run in either re... | large_corpus_distillation |
VFAT (generic MP3 players) support.\nDisplaying artist information from Wikipedia and retrieving song lyrics.\nLast.fm support, including submitting played tracks (including those played on some digital music players) to Last.fm, retrieving similar artists and playing Last FM streams.\nPodcast.From version 1.4.4, Amaro... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Naming convention (programming)-Language-specific conventions-Java In Java, naming conventions for identifiers have been established and suggested by various Java communities such as Sun Microsystems, Netscape, AmbySoft, etc. A sample of naming conventions set by Sun Microsystems are listed below, where a name in \"Ca... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Health Level 7-Other standards and methods-Functional EHR and PHR specifications Functional specifications for an electronic health record." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Timeline of binary prefixes-1960s-\"The data word processor 606 handles the inflow and out-flow of byte-oriented input/output data and interleaved signals at a rate of, for example, 500 kilobytes per second. Instruction processing rates of four to eight per microsecond are required for such a data flow.\" U.S. Patent ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Click path-Challenges-The number of paths a user can potentially take greatly increases depending on the number of pages on that particular website. Many tools to determine path analysis are too linear and do not account for the complexity of internet usage. In most cases, less than 5% of users follow the most common ... | large_corpus_distillation |
of mods incorrectly using deserialization in the \"ObjectInputStream\" class. Although the vulnerability had existed since 2017, a blog post by MMPA brought it mainstream, spreading its use before fixes could be made." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Wiener deconvolution-Derivation-If we substitute in the expression for X^(f) , the above can be rearranged to \u03f5(f)=E|X(f)\u2212G(f)Y(f)|2=E|X(f)\u2212G(f)[H(f)X(f)+V(f)]|2=E|[1\u2212G(f)H(f)]X(f)\u2212G(f)V(f)|2 If we expand the quadratic, we get the following: \u03f5(f)=[1\u2212G(f)H(f)][1\u2212G(f)H(f)]\u2217E... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Twitter-Usage-Levels of use According to research published in April 2014, around 44% of user accounts have never tweeted. About 22% of Americans say they have ever used Twitter, according to a 2019 Pew Research Center survey. In 2009, Nielsen Online reported that Twitter had a user-retention rate of forty percent. Ma... | large_corpus_distillation |
in our design to the limit(s) we are more on the safe side and the production will contain less fail samples. Actually, the advantage of WCD is that it offers an elegant method to treat also non-normal and multi-variate distributions while still offering a pictorial, intuitive understanding." | large_corpus_distillation |
"2-satisfiability-Algorithms-Construct the condensation of the implication graph, a smaller graph that has one vertex for each strongly connected component, and an edge from component i to component j whenever the implication graph contains an edge uv such that u belongs to component i and v belongs to component j. The... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Shadow memory-Technique-Shadow memory can be both implemented and used a lot of different ways, and have different performance characteristics. Memcheck for instance tracks values with bit precision, while AddressSanitizer, part of the clang compiler, is comparatively very fast. Memcheck, like all Valgrind tools, uses... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Digital health-Technologies-Others Some other technologies include Assistive technologies, rehabilitation robotics, and unobtrusive monitoring sensors that can help people with disabilities perform their daily tasks independently. Computational simulations, modeling, and machine learning (e.g. FG-AI4H) approaches can ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bin packing problem-Offline algorithms-Modified first-fit-decreasing (MFFD) - improves on FFD for items larger than half a bin by classifying items by size into four size classes large, medium, small, and tiny, corresponding to items with size > 1/2 bin, > 1/3 bin, > 1/6 bin, and smaller items respectively. Its approx... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kolmogorov complexity-Basic results-In the following discussion, let K(s) be the complexity of the string s.\nIt is not hard to see that the minimal description of a string cannot be too much larger than the string itself \u2014 the program GenerateString2 above that outputs s is a fixed amount larger than s.\nTheorem... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Adele ring-Adele ring-In mathematics, the adele ring of a global field (also adelic ring, ring of adeles or ring of ad\u00e8les) is a central object of class field theory, a branch of algebraic number theory. It is the restricted product of all the completions of the global field and is an example of a self-dual topol... | large_corpus_distillation |
f:X\u2192Y be a surjective map and suppose Y is determined by {D\u03b1:\u03b1\u2208A}.\nFor each \u03b1\u2208A let {\\textstyle f_{\\alpha }:f^{-1}(D_{\\alpha })\\to D_{\\alpha }\\,} be the restriction of f to f\u22121(D\u03b1).\nThen If f is continuous and each f\u03b1 is a quotient map, then f is a quotient ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Nondeterministic constraint logic-Formal definition of the Constraint logic problem-Constraint Graph Satisfaction This problem asks if there exists an orientation of the edges that satisfies the inflow constraints given an undirected graph G . This problem has been proven to be NP-Complete." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Networked book-Characteristics-The networked book has four primary characteristics: The Networked Book is an Open Book The Networked Book is Structurally Granular or Disaggregated The Networked Book is Social The Networked Book is Processed Open book The networked book maintains an open structure during all or part o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"4.3 \u2022 Fitting Linear Models to Data 435\nFigure2\nFinding the Line of Best Fit\nOnce we recognize a need for a linear function to model that data, the natural follow-up question is \u201cwhat is that linear\nfunction?\u201d One way to approximate our linear function is to sketch the line that seems to best fit th... | large_corpus_distillation |
between the fast but inexact RANSAC scheme and the exact but exhaustive BnB optimization, recent researches have developed deterministic approximate methods to solve consensus maximization." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Real-time operating system-Intertask communication and resource sharing-In priority inversion a high priority task waits because a low priority task has a mutex, but the lower priority task is not given CPU time to finish its work. A typical solution is to have the task that owns a mutex 'inherit' the priority of the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sort (Unix)-Examples-Sort a file in alphabetical order Sort by number The -n option makes the program sort according to numerical value. The du command produces output that starts with a number, the file size, so its output can be piped to sort to produce a list of files sorted by (ascending) file size: The find comma... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Form classification-Examples-In zoology Form taxa are groupings that are based on common overall forms. Early attempts at classification of labyrinthodonts was based on skull shape (the heavily armoured skulls often being the only preserved part). The amount of convergent evolution in the many groups lead to a number ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mode locking-Mode-locking theory-The duration of each pulse of light is determined by the number of modes oscillating in phase (in a real laser, it is not necessarily true that all of the laser's modes are phase-locked). If there are N modes locked with a frequency separation \u0394\u03bd, the overall mode-locked band... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lambda lifting-Lambda dropping in lambda calculus-For example, in, \u03bbm,p,q.(\u03bbg.\u03bbn.(n(gmpn)(gqpn)))\u03bbx.\u03bbo.\u03bby.oxy the parameters to the function g are, Each abstraction is renamed with a unique name, and the parameter list is associated with the name of the abstraction. For example, g there i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mathematics of bookmaking-Overround on multiple bets-The decimal odds of a multiple bet is often calculated by multiplying the decimal odds of the individual bets, the idea being that if the events are independent then the implied probability should be the product of the implied probabilities of the individual bets. I... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sentiment analysis-Types-Time-consuming. Manual annotation task is an assiduous work. Riloff (1996) show that a 160 texts cost 8 hours for one annotator to finish.All these mentioned reasons can impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of subjective and objective classification. Accordingly, two bootstrapping method... | large_corpus_distillation |
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