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relative to the pointer; that second jump will branch execution into the shellcode. Suitable instructions are often present in large code. The Metasploit Project, for example, maintains a database of suitable opcodes, though it lists only those found in the Windows operating system." | large_corpus_distillation |
"N-sphere-Probability distributions-Alternatively, points may be sampled uniformly from within the unit n-ball by a reduction from the unit (n + 1)-sphere. In particular, if (x1, x2, ..., xn+2) is a point selected uniformly from the unit (n + 1)-sphere, then (x1, x2, ..., xn) is uniformly distributed within the unit n-... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fast-and-frugal trees-Computing support-In 2017, Phillips, Neth, Woike and Gaissmaier [PNWG] introduced the R package FFTrees, hosted on CRAN (with an accompanying app), which constructs, depicts graphically, and evaluates quantitatively fast and frugal trees in user-friendly ways." | large_corpus_distillation |
n n\u2192\u221e k .\nlim sup X =lim sup{X :k\u2265n}\n3. Similarly, recall that n\u2192\u221e n n\u2192\u221e k .\n\u2212\u221e \u221e\nThe random variable in part (b) may take the value , and the random variable in (c) may take the value . From parts (b) and (c) together,\nX \u2192X n\u2192\u221e S X X\nnote that if n... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Clifford Cocks-Clifford Cocks-Clifford Christopher Cocks (born 28 December 1950) is a British mathematician and cryptographer.\nIn 1973, while working at the United Kingdom Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), he invented a public-key cryptography algorithm equivalent to what would become (in 1977) the RSA a... | large_corpus_distillation |
hand, if the system is used for validation (and acceptance is the norm) then the FAR is a measure of system security, while the FRR measures user inconvenience level." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Perceptron-Learning algorithm-Suppose that the input vectors from the two classes can be separated by a hyperplane with a margin \u03b3 , i.e. there exists a weight vector w,||w||=1 , and a bias term b such that w\u22c5xj>\u03b3 for all j with dj=1 and w\u22c5xj<\u2212\u03b3 for all j with dj=0 , where dj is ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Code 128-Specification-Start/stop and encoded data Each symbol in the barcode is composed of three bars and three spaces. Each bar or space is 1, 2, 3 or 4 units wide, the sum of the widths of bars must be even (4, 6 or 8 units), the sum of the widths of the spaces must be odd (3, 5 or 7 units), and total 11 units per... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pseudo-LRU-Tree-PLRU-This algorithm can be sub-optimal since it is an approximation. For example, in the above diagram with A, C, B, D cache lines, if the access pattern was: C, B, D, A, on an eviction, B would chosen instead of C. This is because both A and C are in the same half and accessing A directs the algorithm... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Common metre-Common metre-Common metre or common measure\u2014abbreviated as C. M. or CM\u2014is a poetic metre consisting of four lines that alternate between iambic tetrameter (four metrical feet per line) and iambic trimeter (three metrical feet per line), with each foot consisting of an unstressed syllable followe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Scala (programming language)-Examples-The code above shows some of the conceptual differences between Java and Scala's handling of classes: Scala has no static variables or methods. Instead, it has singleton objects, which are essentially classes with only one instance. Singleton objects are declared using object inst... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Combinatory categorial grammar-Parts of the formalism-The complex types, schematizable as X/Y and X\\Y, denote functor types that take an argument of type Y and return an object of type X. A forward slash denotes that the argument should appear to the right, while a backslash denotes that the argument should appear on... | large_corpus_distillation |
log log \u2061q) , and the algorithm itself is log \u2061n)2) , giving a total of log log \u2061q) operations in Fq." | large_corpus_distillation |
the craps experiment, press single step a few times and observe the outcomes. Make sure that you understand the rules of the\ngame.\nThe Probability of Winning\nWe will compute the probability that the shooter wins in stages, based on the outcome of the first roll.\nZ\nThe sum of the scores on a given roll has the prob... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dot distribution map-Representative dot design-For any dot size and distribution, at some level of density, the individual points coalesce into a solid mass. Once this happens, any higher density cannot be discerned.\nLarger point symbols are easier to see than smaller symbol, but coalesce at relatively lower densitie... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Extremal orders of an arithmetic function-Examples-For the Euler totient \u03c6(n) we have the trivial result because always \u03c6(n) \u2264 n and for primes \u03c6(p) = p\u2009\u2212\u20091. We also have proven by Landau in 1903.:\u200a84\u200a:\u200aTheorem 328\u200a For the number of divisors function d(n) we have... | large_corpus_distillation |
health record data.\nMedical image analysis Deep learning has been shown to produce competitive results in medical application such as cancer cell classification, lesion detection, organ segmentation and image enhancement. Modern deep learning tools demonstrate the high accuracy of detecting various diseases and the he... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Decorator pattern-Alternatives to Decorators-As an alternative to the decorator pattern, the adapter can be used when the wrapper must respect a particular interface and must support polymorphic behavior, and the Facade when an easier or simpler interface to an underlying object is desired." | large_corpus_distillation |
single week in June 2021, breaking the record for the biggest vinyl sales week for an album since MRC Data began tracking sales in 1991. In 2021, for the first time in the last 30 years, vinyl record sales exceeded CD sales; one of every 3 albums sold in the US was a vinyl LP. Indie retailers sold almost half of all vi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"CAST-256-CAST-256-CAST-256 uses the same elements as CAST-128, including S-boxes, but is adapted for a block size of 128 bits \u2013 twice the size of its 64-bit predecessor. (A similar construction occurred in the evolution of RC5 into RC6). Acceptable key sizes are 128, 160, 192, 224 or 256 bits. CAST-256 is compose... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Prime number theorem-Prime number theorem-The first such distribution found is \u03c0(N) ~ N/log(N), where \u03c0(N) is the prime-counting function (the number of primes less than or equal to N) and log(N) is the natural logarithm of N. This means that for large enough N, the probability that a random integer not grea... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Java Class Library-Java Class Library-JCL serves three purposes within the JVM: Like other standard code libraries, they provide the programmer a well-known set of useful facilities, such as container classes and regular expression processing.\nThe library provides an abstract interface to tasks that would normally de... | large_corpus_distillation |
in figure 18 and 19, but the quantitative or absolute accuracy of the result is sensitive to the inclusion and accuracy of the appropriate parameters." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quasimorphism-Examples-Group homomorphisms and bounded functions from G to R are quasimorphisms. The sum of a group homomorphism and a bounded function is also a quasimorphism, and functions of this form are sometimes referred to as \"trivial\" quasimorphisms." | large_corpus_distillation |
as Distributed Mission Operations (DMO)). In the absence of the Live environment LVC and LC do not exist, making the use of the LVC term wholly inappropriate as a descriptor." | large_corpus_distillation |
= 6n, so that every Carmichael number of the form (6n+1)(12n+1)(18n+1) is a Zeisel number." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Algorithm engineering-Difference from algorithm theory-This way it can provide new insights into the efficiency and performance of algorithms in cases where the algorithm at hand is less amenable to algorithm theoretic analysis, formal analysis pessimistically suggests bounds which are unlikely to appear on inputs of ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Proofs of Fermat's little theorem-Proof as a particular case of Euler's theorem-Note that the conditions under which the cancellation law holds are quite strict, and this explains why Fermat's little theorem demands that p is a prime. For example, 2\u00d72 \u2261 2\u00d75 (mod 6), but it is not true that 2 \u2261 5 (m... | large_corpus_distillation |
given by\n(m)(80\u2212m)\nP(U =k)= k 20\u2212k , k\u2208{0,1,\u2026,m} (13.7.13)\n(80)\n20\nm=1\nThe payoff table for is given below. Compute the probability density function, mean, and standard deviation of the\npayoff.\nPick m=1\nCatches 0 1\nPayoff 0 3\nAnswer\nm=1 E(V)=0.75 sd(V)=1.299038106\nPick , ,\nv P(V =v)\n0... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mobile marketing-SMS marketing-Non-Latin based languages, like Chinese, and also emojis use a different encoding process called Unicode or Unicode Transformation Format (UTF-8). It is meant to encompass all characters for efficiency but has a caveat. Each Unicode character is 16 bits in size, which takes more informat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Secret sharing using the Chinese remainder theorem-Secret sharing using the CRT-Example The following is an example on the Asmuth-Bloom's Scheme. For practical purposes we choose small values for all parameters. We choose k=3 and n=4. Our pairwise coprime integers being 11 13 17 and 19 . They satisfy the Asmuth-Bloo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Double-ended priority queue-Implementation-Total correspondence Half the elements are in the min PQ and the other half in the max PQ. Each element in the min PQ has a one-to-one correspondence with an element in max PQ. If the number of elements in the DEPQ is odd, one of the elements is retained in a buffer. Priority... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ebook-Ebook-In the 2000s, there was a trend of print and e-book sales moving to the Internet, where readers buy traditional paper books and e-books on websites using e-commerce systems. With print books, readers are increasingly browsing through images of the covers of books on publisher or bookstore websites and sele... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bitwise operation-Bitwise operation-In computer programming, a bitwise operation operates on a bit string, a bit array or a binary numeral (considered as a bit string) at the level of its individual bits. It is a fast and simple action, basic to the higher-level arithmetic operations and directly supported by the proc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Software bug-Software bug-A software bug is an error, flaw or fault in the design, development, or operation of computer software that causes it to produce an incorrect or unexpected result, or to behave in unintended ways. The process of finding and correcting bugs is termed \"debugging\" and often uses formal techni... | large_corpus_distillation |
another important flaw of the Java security model, based on stack inspection. When a security-sensitive resource is accessed, the security manager triggers code that walks the call stack, to verify that the codebase of each method on it has authority to access the resource. This is done to prevent confused deputy attac... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Shaping codes-Shaping codes-In digital communications shaping codes are a method of encoding that changes the distribution of signals to improve efficiency." | large_corpus_distillation |
"S/MIME-Function-S/MIME provides the following cryptographic security services for electronic messaging applications: Authentication Message integrity Non-repudiation of origin (using digital signatures) Privacy Data security (using encryption)S/MIME specifies the MIME type application/pkcs7-mime (smime-type \"envelope... | large_corpus_distillation |
"User provisioning software-Background: systems, applications and users-People are represented by user objects or login accounts on different systems and applications.\nExamples of systems and applications include: LDAP directories.\nMicrosoft Active Directory and Novell eDirectory.\nOperating systems such as Linux, Un... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Topological graph-Extremal problems for topological graphs-Using this terminology, if a topological graph is 2-quasi-planar, then it is a planar graph.\nIt follows from Euler's polyhedral formula that every planar graph with n > 2 vertices has at most 3n \u2212 6 edges. Therefore, every 2-quasi-planar graph with n > 2... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Calling convention-Architectures-The STM instruction saves registers 14, 15, and 0 through 12 in a 72-byte area provided by the caller called a save area pointed to by register 13. The called routine provides its own save area for use by subroutines it calls; the address of this area is normally kept in register 13 th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Final assembly schedule-Overview-Final assembly schedule (FAS) entries are needed when end products do not appear in the MPS. These end items are assembled to order or have several customer options that can be combined in various configurations. These products belong to the category of products with variants and optio... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Polygraphic substitution-Specific ciphers-In 1563, Giambattista della Porta devised the first bigraphic substitution. However, it was nothing more than a matrix of symbols. In practice, it would have been all but impossible to memorize, and carrying around the table would lead to risks of falling into enemy hands." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mobile Telephone Service-Operation-Calls from mobile units to a base station were started by signaling the operator by pressing the microphone button. The operator would plug into the channel (automated TOPS systems routed the incoming call through the normal queue), announce availability and the channel name, and the... | large_corpus_distillation |
information, connectivity, irreducibility, low probability, syntactic depth etc. Research suggests that while methodological choices affect the results, even rather crude analytic tools may provide a feasible starting point for measuring grammatical complexity." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Unexpected hanging paradox-Description-He then reasons that the surprise hanging cannot be on Thursday either, because Friday has already been eliminated and if he hasn't been hanged by Wednesday noon, the hanging must occur on Thursday, making a Thursday hanging not a surprise either. By similar reasoning, he conclud... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Theoretical key-Enharmonic equivalence-Modulation While a piece of Western music generally has a home key, a passage within it may modulate to another key, which is usually closely related to the home key (in the Baroque and early Classical eras), that is, close to the original around the circle of fifths. When the ke... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Deficiency (graph theory)-Deficiency (graph theory)-Deficiency is a concept in graph theory that is used to refine various theorems related to perfect matching in graphs, such as Hall's marriage theorem. This was first studied by \u00d8ystein Ore.:\u200a17\u200a A related property is surplus." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dominance-based rough set approach-Multicriteria classification (sorting)-As an illustrative example, consider the problem of evaluation in a high school. The director of the school wants to assign students (objects) to three classes: bad, medium and good (notice that class good is preferred to medium and medium is pr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Spatial descriptive statistics-Measures of spatial central tendency-The coordinate-wise mean of a point set is the centroid, which solves the same variational problem in the plane (or higher-dimensional Euclidean space) that the familiar average solves on the real line \u2014 that is, the centroid has the smallest pos... | large_corpus_distillation |
"(S,\u2286) S\nIn a sense, the subset partial order is universal\u2014every partially ordered set is isomorphic to for some collection of sets .\n\u2aaf S S \u2286P(S) (S,\u2aaf) (S,\u2286)\nSuppose that is a partial order on a set . Then there exists such that is isomorphic to .\nProof\nx\u2208S A ={u\u2208S:u\u2aafx}... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Abstract data type-Defining an abstract data type-Functional-style definition Another way to define an ADT, closer to the spirit of functional programming, is to consider each state of the structure as a separate entity. In this view, any operation that modifies the ADT is modelled as a mathematical function that take... | large_corpus_distillation |
perform poorly, whereas Bradley and Fayyad's approach performs \"consistently\" in \"the best group\" and k-means++ performs \"generally well\"." | large_corpus_distillation |
f(\u22122)\n\u2013\nb. f(\u221a2)\nc. f(a+h)\nSolution\nSubstitute the given value for x in the formula for f(x).\na.\nf(\u22122)=3(\u22122)2+2(\u22122)\u22121=12\u22124\u22121=7\n\u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013\nb.\nf(\u221a2)=3(\u221a2)2+2\u221a2\u22121=6+2\u221a2\u22121=5+2\u221a2\nc.\nf(a+h)=3(a+h)2+2(a+h)\u2212... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Data-centric computing-Background-Organizations need to utilize all available data but traditional applications aren't sufficiently agile or flexible. New shifts toward constant service innovation, supported by emerging approaches to service delivery (including microservices and containers) open new possibilities that... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Consistent heuristic-Consistent heuristic-where h is the consistent heuristic function N is any node in the graph P is any descendant of N G is any goal node c(N,P) is the cost of reaching node P from NInformally, every node i will give an estimate that, accounting for the cost to reach the next node, is always lesser... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rubin causal model-An extended example-In order for a potential outcome to make sense, it must be possible, at least a priori. For example, if there is no way for Joe, under any circumstance, to obtain the new drug, then Yt(u) is impossible for him. It can never happen. And if Yt(u) can never be observed, even in th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Consensus clustering-Justification for using consensus clustering-There are potential shortcomings for all existing clustering techniques. This may cause interpretation of results to become difficult, especially when there is no knowledge about the number of clusters. Clustering methods are also very sensitive to the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Church encoding-Church Booleans-Because true and false choose the first or second parameter they may be combined to provide logic operators. Note that there are multiple possible implementations of not.\nand or not not false true xor not if =\u03bbp.\u03bba.\u03bbb.pab Some examples: and true false true false true fal... | large_corpus_distillation |
device.In 2020, the Which? watchdog reported that more than a billion Android devices released in 2012 or earlier, which was 40% of Android devices worldwide, were at risk of being hacked. This conclusion stemmed from the fact that no security updates were issued for the Android versions below 7.0 in 2019. Which? colla... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rasdaman-Architecture-Execution follows a tile streaming paradigm: whenever possible, array tiles addressed by a query are fetched sequentially, and each tile is discarded after processing. This leads to an architecture scalable to data volumes exceeding server main memory by orders of magnitude.\nQuery execution is p... | large_corpus_distillation |
Y T Y T\nn n+1 for each . Effectively, the rewards are received discretely: 1 at time 1, an additional 2 at time 2, and so forth.\nIt's possible to modify the construction so the rewards accrue continuously in time or in a mixed discrete/continuous manner. Here\nis a simple set of conditions for a general reward proces... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Diehard tests-Test descriptions-The squeeze test Random integers are floated to get uniforms on [0,1). Starting with k = 231 = 2147483648, the test finds j, the number of iterations necessary to reduce k to 1, using the reduction k = ceiling(k\u00d7U), with U provided by floating integers from the file being tested. S... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pascal (microarchitecture)-Details-Instruction-level preemption. In graphics tasks, the driver restricts preemption to the pixel-level, because pixel tasks typically finish quickly and the overhead costs of doing pixel-level preemption are lower than instruction-level preemption (which is expensive). Compute tasks get... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Round-robin scheduling-Round-robin scheduling-Round-robin (RR) is one of the algorithms employed by process and network schedulers in computing." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Differentiable manifold-Calculus on manifolds-Exterior derivative The exterior derivative is a linear operator on the graded vector space of all smooth differential forms on a smooth manifold M . It is usually denoted by d . More precisely, if dim \u2061(M) , for 0\u2264k\u2264n the operator d maps the space \u0... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Natural-language understanding-Scope and context-The umbrella term \"natural-language understanding\" can be applied to a diverse set of computer applications, ranging from small, relatively simple tasks such as short commands issued to robots, to highly complex endeavors such as the full comprehension of newspaper ar... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Vincent's theorem-Sign variation-Let c0, c1, c2, ... be a finite or infinite sequence of real numbers. Suppose l < r and the following conditions hold:If r = l+1 the numbers cl and cr have opposite signs.\nIf r \u2265 l+2 the numbers cl+1, ..., cr\u22121 are all zero and the numbers cl and cr have opposite signs.This ... | large_corpus_distillation |
blackboards providing a way for a collection of distributed, modular natural language processing algorithms to each annotate the data in a central space, without needing to coordinate their behavior." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Indexicality-In philosophy of language-Indexicals appear to represent an exception to, and thus a challenge for, the understanding of natural language as the grammatical coding of logical propositions; they thus \"raise interesting technical challenges for logicians seeking to provide formal models of correct reasonin... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kruskal's algorithm-Algorithm-create a forest F (a set of trees), where each vertex in the graph is a separate tree create a sorted set S containing all the edges in the graph while S is nonempty and F is not yet spanning remove an edge with minimum weight from S if the removed edge connects two different trees then a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Symbolic language (programming)-Symbolic language (programming)-In computer science, a symbolic language is a language that uses characters or symbols to represent concepts, such as mathematical operations and the entities (or operands) on which these operations are performed.Modern programming languages use symbols t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"P[M(X)>M(Y)]\n4. .\nS2(X)\n5. The mean and standard deviation of .\nS2(Y)\n6. The mean and standard deviation of .\nS2(X)/S2(Y)\n7. The mean and standard deviation of\nP[S(X)>S(Y)]\n8. .\nAnswer\n550, 5\n1.\n540, 3\n2.\n\u2212\u2212\n10, \u221a34\n3.\n0.9568\n4.\n\u2212\u2212\u2212\u2212\n400, 80\u221a10/3\n5.\n\u2013... | large_corpus_distillation |
"K-theory-Grothendieck completion-The Grothendieck completion of an abelian monoid into an abelian group is a necessary ingredient for defining K-theory since all definitions start by constructing an abelian monoid from a suitable category and turning it into an abelian group through this universal construction. Given ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pressure gradient-Pressure gradient-In atmospheric science, the pressure gradient (typically of air but more generally of any fluid) is a physical quantity that describes in which direction and at what rate the pressure increases the most rapidly around a particular location. The pressure gradient is a dimensional qua... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Gaussian integer-Gaussian rationals-The field of Gaussian rationals is the field of fractions of the ring of Gaussian integers. It consists of the complex numbers whose real and imaginary part are both rational.\nThe ring of Gaussian integers is the integral closure of the integers in the Gaussian rationals." | large_corpus_distillation |
Reanalysis of the endings as inflections when attached to verbs causes the different colloquial stress patterns." | large_corpus_distillation |
don't typically live for long and generally die prematurely." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Slope One-Algorithmic complexity of Slope One-Suppose there are n items, m users, and N ratings. Computing the average rating differences for each pair of items requires up to n(n-1)/2 units of storage, and up to m n2 time steps. This computational bound may be pessimistic: if we assume that users have rated up to y i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"\u03c0\nThis is Buffon's famous estimate of . In the simulation of Buffon's needle experiment, this estimate is computed on each run and\nshown numerically in the second table and visually in a graph.\nL\u2208{0.3,0.5,0.7,1} \u03c0\nRun the Buffon's needle experiment with needle lengths . In each case, watch the estim... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cyclic code-Quasi-cyclic codes and shortened codes-In shortened codes information symbols are deleted to obtain a desired blocklength smaller than the design blocklength. The missing information symbols are usually imagined to be at the beginning of the codeword and are considered to be 0. Therefore, n \u2212k is fix... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Complex instruction set computer-Complex instruction set computer-Some designs have been regarded as borderline cases by some writers. For instance, the Microchip Technology PIC has been labeled RISC in some circles and CISC in others. The 6502 and 6809 have both been described as RISC-like, although they have few reg... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Range minimum query-Applications-The LCA query LCAS(v, w) of a rooted tree S = (V, E) and two nodes v, w \u2208 V returns the deepest node u (which may be v or w) on paths from the root to both w and v.\nGabow, Bentley, and Tarjan (1984) showed that the LCA Problem can be reduced in linear time to the RMQ problem. It ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Function (computer programming)-Overloading-In strongly typed languages, it is sometimes desirable to have a number of functions with the same name, but operating on different types of data, or with different parameter profiles. For example, a square root function might be defined to operate on reals, complex values o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Matrix calculus-Layout conventions-A third possibility sometimes seen is to insist on writing the derivative as \u2202y\u2202x\u2032, (i.e. the derivative is taken with respect to the transpose of x) and follow the numerator layout. This makes it possible to claim that the matrix is laid out according to both numerat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lazy FP state restore-Mechanism-In out-of-order CPUs, the \"FPU not available\" condition is not detected immediately. (In fact, it almost cannot be detected immediately, as there may be multiple fault-causing instructions executing simultaneously and the processor must take the first fault encountered to preserve the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Riesz\u2013Thorin theorem-Proof-Simple Functions By symmetry, let us assume p 0 < p 1 {\\textstyle p_{0}<p_{1}} (the case p 0 = p 1 {\\textstyle p_{0}=p_{1}} trivially follows from (1)). Let f {\\textstyle f} be a simple function, that is for some finite m \u2208 N {\\textstyle m\\in \\mathbb {N} } , a j = | a j ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Software versioning-Other schemes-Some software producers use different schemes to denote releases of their software. The Debian project uses a major/minor versioning scheme for releases of its operating system but uses code names from the movie Toy Story during development to refer to stable, unstable, and testing re... | large_corpus_distillation |
"4G-History of 4G and pre-4G technologies-The 4G system was originally envisioned by the DARPA, the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. DARPA selected the distributed architecture and end-to-end Internet protocol (IP), and believed at an early stage in peer-to-peer networking in which every mobile device woul... | large_corpus_distillation |
\"uncountable.\" Sets for which there exists a bijection between them are said to have the same cardinality, and in the most general sense counting a set can be taken to mean determining its cardinality. Beyond the cardinalities given by each of the natural numbers, there is an infinite hierarchy of infinite cardinalit... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Maximin share-Existence of MMS-fair allocations-There are few items: m<n8/7 [note that this case partially overlaps the previous case]. For this case, they present an algorithm called matched draft. It is based on constructing a bipartite graph of agents vs. items, and finding in it a perfect matching. They prove tha... | large_corpus_distillation |
transistors in both versions were for logic, and the remainder contained in the caches. It was packaged in a 272-ball plastic ball grid array (BGA) or 272-pin plastic pin grid array (PGA). It was not pin-compatible with any previous MIPS microprocessor." | large_corpus_distillation |
"MAC address anonymization-Flawed approaches-In 2018, academics found that with modern computing equipment with the ability to calculate 6 Giga MD5 hashes and 844 Mega SHA-256 hashes per second the authors are able to recover 100% of 1 million hashes in: 4 minutes 1 second for MD5 hashes, and; 13 minutes 22 seconds for... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rank factorization-Construction-Example Consider the matrix A=[1314273915311208]\u223c[10\u221220011000010000]=B.\n{\\textstyle B} is in reduced echelon form.\nThen {\\textstyle C} is obtained by removing the third column of {\\textstyle A} , the only one which is not a pivot column, and {\\textstyle F} by getting ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Zone defense in American football-Coverage shells-On the weak side, the corner and safety play \"Cover 2 rules\", which as above the corner stays home in the flats, and the safety covers the deep half. The \"Will\" backer will play hook to curl or blitz depending on the call. If in 3-4 usually the \"Will\" or the Midd... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Half-normal distribution-Properties-The quantile function (or inverse CDF) is written: erf \u22121\u2061(F) where 0\u2264F\u22641 and erf \u22121 is the inverse error function The expectation is then given by E[Y]=\u03c32/\u03c0, The variance is given by var \u2061(Y)=\u03c32(1\u22122\u03c0).\nSince this is proporti... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Billboard Year-End-Methodology-Prior to incorporating chart data from Nielsen SoundScan (from 1991), year-end charts were calculated by an inverse-point system based solely on a title's performance (for example a single appearing on the Billboard Hot 100 would be given one point for a week spent at position 100, two p... | large_corpus_distillation |
a model are inconsistent with each other. In this way many of the tasks that would normally be executed by forward or backward chaining in an inference engine can instead be performed by the classifier.This technology is especially valuable in dealing with the Internet. It is an interesting result that the formalism of... | large_corpus_distillation |
Such models are widely used in natural language processing. An example of such a model is logistic regression, which corresponds to the maximum entropy classifier for independent observations.\nProbability density estimation One of the main applications of the maximum entropy principle is in discrete and continuous den... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pragmatic theory of information-Example: car navigation-A familiar application may clarify the approach: Different car navigation systems produce different instructions but if they manage to guide you to the same location, their pragmatic information content must be the same (despite different information content when... | large_corpus_distillation |
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