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Industrial Revolution | paper machine known fourdrinier financiers brothers sealy henry fourdrinier stationers london.although greatly improved many variations fourdrinier machine predominant means paper production today.the method continuous production demonstrated paper machine influenced development continuous rolling iron later steel cont... |
Industrial Revolution | important yield seeds harvested seeds planted time around four five.tulls seed drill expensive reliable therefore much effect.good quality seed drills produced mid th century.joseph foljambes rotherham plough first commercially successful iron plough.threshing machine invented scottish engineer andrew meikle displaced ... |
Industrial Revolution | took several decades diffuse final straw many farm labourers faced near starvation leading agricultural rebellion swing riots.machine tools metalworking techniques developed industrial revolution eventually resulted precision manufacturing techniques late th century massproducing agricultural equipment reapers binders ... |
Industrial Revolution | could done hauling buckets water shaft sough tunnel driven hill drain mine.either case water discharged stream ditch level could flow away gravity.the introduction steam pump thomas savery newcomen steam engine greatly facilitated removal water enabled shafts made deeper enabling coal extracted.developments begun indus... |
Industrial Revolution | however lamps proved false dawn became unsafe quickly provided weak light.firedamp explosions continued often setting coal dust explosions casualties grew entire th century.conditions work poor high casualty rate rock falls.transportation beginning industrial revolution inland transport navigable rivers roads coastal v... |
Industrial Revolution | animals supplied motive power land sails providing motive power sea.first horse railways introduced toward end th century steam locomotives introduced early decades th century.improving sailing technologies boosted average sailing speed .the industrial revolution improved britains transport infrastructure turnpike road... |
Industrial Revolution | canals improved waterways industrial revolution navigation several british rivers improved removing obstructions straightening curves widening deepening building navigation locks.britain kilometres mi navigable rivers streams .canals waterways allowed bulk materials economically transported long distances inland.horse ... |
Industrial Revolution | worsley rapidly growing town manchester construction cost £ £ advantages land river transport meant within year opening price coal manchester fell half.success helped inspire period intense canal building known canal mania.new canals hastily built aim replicating commercial success bridgewater canal notable leeds liver... |
Industrial Revolution | last major canal built united kingdom manchester ship canal upon opening largest ship canal world opened manchester port.however never achieved commercial success sponsors hoped signalled canals dying mode transport age dominated railways quicker often cheaper.britains canal network together surviving mill buildings on... |
Industrial Revolution | first macadamised road u.s. boonsborough turnpike road hagerstown boonsboro maryland .the major turnpikes radiated london means royal mail able reach rest country.heavy goods transport roads means slow broad wheeled carts hauled teams horses.lighter goods conveyed smaller carts teams pack horse.stagecoaches carried ric... |
Industrial Revolution | railways reducing friction one major reasons success railroads compared wagons.demonstrated iron platecovered wooden tramway croydon england.a good horse ordinary turnpike road draw two thousand pounds one ton.party gentlemen invited witness experiment superiority new road might established ocular demonstration.twelve ... |
Industrial Revolution | horsedrawn relied gravity stationary steam engine haul wagons back top incline.first applications steam locomotive wagon plate ways often called castiron plates used.horsedrawn public railways begin early years th century improvements pig wrought iron production lowering costs.steam locomotives began built introduction... |
Industrial Revolution | early locomotives used mines.steamhauled public railways began stockton darlington railway .the rapid introduction railways followed rainhill trials demonstrated robert stephensons successful locomotive design development hot blast dramatically reduced fuel consumption making iron increased capacity blast furnace.on se... |
Industrial Revolution | many workers completed railways return rural lifestyles instead remained cities providing additional workers factories.developments developments included efficient water wheels based experiments conducted british engineer john smeaton beginnings machine industry rediscovery concrete based hydraulic lime mortar john sme... |
Industrial Revolution | beginning industrial revolution india china regions iraq elsewhere asia middle east produced worlds cotton cloth europeans produced wool linen goods.in britain th century puttingout system farmers townspeople produced goods market homes often described cottage industry practised.typical puttingout system goods included... |
Industrial Revolution | – early spinning weaving machinery spindle jenny six pounds affordable cottagers.later machinery spinning frames spinning mules power looms expensive especially waterpowered giving rise capitalist ownership factories.the majority textile factory workers industrial revolution unmarried women children including many orph... |
Industrial Revolution | many workers displaced farmers agricultural workers nothing labour sell became factory workers necessity.see british agricultural revolution threshing machinethe change social relationship factory worker compared farmers cottagers viewed unfavourably karl marx however recognized increase productivity made possible tech... |
Industrial Revolution | percentage children born london died age five decreased .– .–.the effects living conditions industrial revolution controversial hotly debated economic social historians s. series essays henry phelps brown sheila v. hopkins later set academic consensus bulk population bottom social ladder suffered severe reductions livi... |
Industrial Revolution | large part due malnutrition life expectancy france years years britain.united states population time adequately fed much taller average life expectancy – years although u.s. life expectancy declined years mid th century.food consumption per capita also declined episode known antebellum puzzle.food supply great britain ... |
Industrial Revolution | britain netherlands food supply increased industrial revolution due better agricultural practices however population grew noted thomas malthus.condition called malthusian trap finally started overcome transportation improvements canals improved roads steamships.railroads steamships introduced near end industrial revolu... |
Industrial Revolution | private renting housing landlords dominant tenure.p. kemp says usually advantage tenants.people moved rapidly enough capital build adequate housing everyone lowincome newcomers squeezed increasingly overcrowded slums.clean water sanitation public health facilities inadequate death rate high especially infant mortality ... |
Industrial Revolution | unlike rural areas famines one devastated ireland s.a large exposé literature grew condemning unhealthy conditions.far famous publication one founders socialist movement condition working class england friedrich engels described backstreet sections manchester mill towns people lived crude shanties shacks completely enc... |
Industrial Revolution | however everyone lived poor conditions.industrial revolution also created middle class businessmen clerks foremen engineers lived much better conditions.conditions improved course th century due new public health acts regulating things sewage hygiene home construction.introduction edition engels notes conditions wrote ... |
Industrial Revolution | snows findings cholera could spread contaminated water took years accepted work led fundamental changes design public water waste systems.water supply preindustrial water supply relied gravity systems pumping water done water wheels.pipes typically made wood.steampowered pumps iron pipes allowed widespread piping water... |
Industrial Revolution | permitted recruitment literate craftsmen skilled workers foremen managers supervised emerging textile factories coal mines.much labour unskilled especially textile mills children young eight proved useful handling chores adding family income.indeed children taken school work alongside parents factories.however midninet... |
Industrial Revolution | senior government official told parliament upon speedy provision elementary education depends industrial prosperity.use trying give technical teaching citizens without elementary education uneducated labourers—and many labourers utterly uneducated—are part unskilled labourers leave work–folk longer unskilled notwithsta... |
Industrial Revolution | improvements transport manufacturing technology opportunities buying selling became faster efficient previous.expanding textile trade north england meant threepiece suit became affordable masses.founded josiah wedgwood wedgwood fine china porcelain tableware starting become common feature dining tables.rising prosperit... |
Industrial Revolution | prosperity expansion manufacturing industries pottery metalware increased consumer choice dramatically.labourers ate metal platters wooden implements ordinary workers dined wedgwood porcelain.consumers came demand array new household goods furnishings metal knives forks example well rugs carpets mirrors cooking ranges ... |
Industrial Revolution | according food historian polly russell chocolate biscuits became products masses thanks industrial revolution consumers created.midth century sweet biscuits affordable indulgence business booming.manufacturers huntley palmers reading carrs carlisle mcvities edinburgh transformed small familyrun businesses stateoftheart... |
Industrial Revolution | penny dreadfuls created meet demand.guardian described penny dreadfuls britains first taste massproduced popular culture young victorian equivalent video games.one million boys periodicals sold per week.labelled authorpreneur paris review charles dickens used innovations revolution sell books powerful new printing pres... |
Industrial Revolution | nicholas dames atlantic writes “literature” big enough category pickwick.defined new one learned call “entertainment.”in welsh entrepreneur pryce prycejones formed first mail order business idea would change nature retail.selling welsh flannel created mail order catalogues customers able order mail first time—this foll... |
Industrial Revolution | population england doubled .million .million nearly doubled .million.improved conditions led population britain increasing million million s. europes population increased million million . |
Industrial Revolution | urbanization growth modern industry since late th century led massive urbanisation rise new great cities first europe regions new opportunities brought huge numbers migrants rural communities urban areas.worlds population lived cities compared nearly today beginning st century.manchester population burgeoned .million.e... |
Industrial Revolution | taking pessimistic side alice clark argued capitalism arrived thcentury england lowered status women lost much economic importance.clark argues thcentury england women engaged many aspects industry agriculture.home central unit production women played vital role running farms trades landed estates.useful economic roles... |
Industrial Revolution | middle upperclass women confined idle domestic existence supervising servants lowerclass women forced take poorly paid jobs.capitalism therefore negative effect powerful women.in positive interpretation ivy pinchbeck argues capitalism created conditions womens emancipation.tilly scott emphasised continuity status women... |
Industrial Revolution | third modern stage family consumer economy family site consumption women employed large numbers retail clerical jobs support rising standards consumption.ideas thrift hard work characterized middleclass families industrial revolution swept europe.values displayed samuel smiles book selfhelp states misery poorer classes... |
Industrial Revolution | workers labouring classes industrial life stony desert make habitable efforts.also harsh working conditions prevalent long industrial revolution took place.preindustrial society static often cruel – child labour dirty living conditions long working hours prevalent industrial revolution.factories urbanisation industrial... |
Industrial Revolution | nowhere better illustrated mills associated industries manchester nicknamed cottonopolis worlds first industrial city.manchester experienced sixtimes increase population .bradford grew every ten years population bradford actually born there.in addition percent europes population left home pushed poverty rapidly growing... |
Industrial Revolution | mass migration large demographic effects less one percent world population consisted overseas europeans descendants represented percent.americas felt brunt huge emigration largely concentrated united states.for much th century production done small mills typically waterpowered built serve local needs.later factory woul... |
Industrial Revolution | raw material went one end smelted brass turned pans pins wire goods.housing provided workers site.josiah wedgwood matthew boulton whose soho manufactory completed prominent early industrialists employed factory system.child labour industrial revolution led population increase chances surviving childhood improve through... |
Industrial Revolution | employers could pay child less adult even though productivity comparable need strength operate industrial machine since industrial system completely new experienced adult labourers.made child labour labour choice manufacturing early phases industrial revolution th th centuries.england scotland twothirds workers waterpo... |
Industrial Revolution | first general laws child labour factory acts passed britain children younger nine allowed work children permitted work night workday youth age limited twelve hours.factory inspectors supervised execution law however scarcity made enforcement difficult.ten years later employment children women mining forbidden.although ... |
Industrial Revolution | power union could demand better terms withdrawing labour causing consequent cessation production.employers decide giving union demands cost suffering cost lost production.skilled workers hard replace first groups successfully advance conditions kind bargaining.the main method unions used effect change strike action.man... |
Industrial Revolution | even unions still severely restricted.one british newspaper described unions dangerous institutions ever permitted take root shelter law country...in reform act extended vote britain grant universal suffrage.year six men tolpuddle dorset founded friendly society agricultural labourers protest gradual lowering wages s. ... |
Industrial Revolution | became known tolpuddle martyrs.chartist movement first largescale organised workingclass political movement campaigned political equality social justice.charter reforms received three million signatures rejected parliament without consideration.working people also formed friendly societies cooperative societies mutual ... |
Industrial Revolution | luddites rapid industrialisation english economy cost many craft workers jobs.movement started first lace hosiery workers near nottingham spread areas textile industry owing early industrialisation.many weavers also found suddenly unemployed since could longer compete machines required relatively limited unskilled labo... |
Industrial Revolution | first attacks luddite movement began .luddites rapidly gained popularity british government took drastic measures using militia army protect industry.rioters caught tried hanged transported life.unrest continued sectors industrialised agricultural labourers large parts southern britain affected captain swing disturbanc... |
Industrial Revolution | shift productions center gravity traditional centers hand textile production india parts middle east later china could withstand competition machinemade textiles period decades destroyed hand made textile industries left millions people without work many starved.the industrial revolution also generated enormous unprece... |
Industrial Revolution | allowed greenseeded cotton become profitable leading widespread growth large slave plantation united states brazil west indies.american cotton production million pounds soaring million half exported.americas cotton plantations highly efficient profitable able keep demand.u.s. civil war created cotton famine led increas... |
Industrial Revolution | emergence great factories concomitant immense growth coal consumption gave rise unprecedented level air pollution industrial centers large volume industrial chemical discharges added growing load untreated human waste.first largescale modern environmental laws came form britains alkali acts passed regulate deleterious ... |
Industrial Revolution | gas companies repeatedly sued nuisance lawsuits.usually lost modified worst practices.city london repeatedly indicted gas companies polluting thames poisoning fish.finally parliament wrote company charters regulate toxicity.industry reached us around causing pollution lawsuits.in industrial cities local experts reforme... |
Industrial Revolution | typically highest priority went water air pollution.coal smoke abatement society formed britain making one oldest environmental ngos.founded artist sir william blake richmond frustrated pall cast coal smoke.although earlier pieces legislation public health act required furnaces fireplaces consume smoke.also provided sa... |
Industrial Revolution | provisions law extended smoke abatement act include emissions soot ash gritty particles empower local authorities impose regulations.nations nationalism book nations nationalism philosopher ernest gellner argues industrial revolution economic modernization spurred creation nations.industrialisation beyond great britain... |
Industrial Revolution | typically technology purchased britain british engineers entrepreneurs moved abroad search new opportunities.part ruhr valley westphalia called miniature england similarities industrial areas britain.european governments provided state funding new industries.cases iron different availability resources locally meant asp... |
Industrial Revolution | nationally per capita rate industrial growth averaged .however strong regional differences.railway system built period.arrived transportation slow expensive.alpine bohemian modernday czech republic regions protoindustrialization began became center first phases industrial revolution . |
Industrial Revolution | textile industry main factor utilizing mechanization steam engines factory system.czech lands first mechanical loom followed varnsdorf first steam engines appearing bohemia moravia years later.textile production flourished particularly prague brno german brünn considered moravian manchester.czech lands especially bohem... |
Industrial Revolution | hungary—the eastern half dual monarchy heavily rural little industry .in prague organized first worlds fairlist worlds fairs bohemia modernday czech republic.first industrial exhibition occasion coronation leopold ii king bohemia took place clementinum therefore celebrated considerable sophistication manufacturing meth... |
Industrial Revolution | germany .. however comparison germany britain austrohungarian economy whole still lagged considerably sustained modernization begun much later.belgium belgium second country industrial revolution took place first continental europe wallonia frenchspeaking southern belgium took lead.starting middle especially belgium be... |
Industrial Revolution | thanks coal french word houille coined wallonia region geared become nd industrial power world britain.also pointed many researchers sillon industriel especially haine sambre meuse valleys borinage liège...there huge industrial development based coalmining ironmaking.... philippe raxhon wrote period propaganda reality ... |
Industrial Revolution | left sillon industriel runs mons west verviers east except part north flanders another period industrial revolution .even belgium second industrial country britain effect industrial revolution different.breaking stereotypes muriel neven isabelle devious saythe industrial revolution changed mainly rural society urban on... |
Industrial Revolution | nineteenthcentury industrialisation affect traditional urban infrastructure except ghent...also wallonia traditional urban network largely unaffected industrialisation process even though proportion citydwellers rose percent .especially haine sambre meuse valleys borinage liège huge industrial development based coalmin... |
Industrial Revolution | france industrial revolution france followed particular course correspond main model followed countries.notably french historians argue france go clear takeoff.instead frances economic growth industrialisation process slow steady th th centuries.however stages identified maurice lévyleboyerfrench revolution napoleonic ... |
Industrial Revolution | first production dyes based aniline critical.germanys political disunity—with three dozen states—and pervasive conservatism made difficult build railways s. however trunk lines linked major cities german state responsible lines within borders.lacking technological base first germans imported engineering hardware britai... |
Industrial Revolution | unlike situation france goal support industrialisation heavy lines crisscrossed ruhr industrial districts provided good connections major ports hamburg bremen.germany locomotives pulling passengers tons freight pulled ahead france.sweden period – sweden experienced two parallel economic movements agricultural revolutio... |
Industrial Revolution | several important institutional changes took place period free mandatory schooling introduced first country world abolition national monopoly trade handicrafts stock company law .from sweden experienced first industrial revolution veritable explosion export dominated crops wood steel.sweden abolished tariffs barriers f... |
Industrial Revolution | government built railroads improved roads inaugurated land reform program prepare country development.inaugurated new westernbased education system young people sent thousands students united states europe hired westerners teach modern science mathematics technology foreign languages japan foreign government advisors m... |
Industrial Revolution | united states late th early th centuries uk parts western europe began industrialise us primarily agricultural natural resource producing processing economy.building roads canals introduction steamboats building railroads important handling agricultural natural resource products large sparsely populated country period.... |
Industrial Revolution | late th century steampowered manufacturing overtook waterpowered manufacturing allowing industry spread midwest.thomas somers cabot brothers founded beverly cotton manufactory first cotton mill america largest cotton mill era significant milestone research development cotton mills future.mill designed use horsepower op... |
Industrial Revolution | daniel day established wool carding mill blackstone valley uxbridge massachusetts third woollen mill established us first hartford connecticut second watertown massachusetts.john h. chafee blackstone river valley national heritage corridor retraces history americas hardestworking river blackstone.blackstone river tribu... |
Industrial Revolution | lowell partners built americas second cottontocloth textile mill waltham massachusetts second beverly cotton manufactory.death associates built americas first planned factory town named him.enterprise capitalised public stock offering one first uses united states.lowell massachusetts using nine kilometres ⁄ miles canal... |
Industrial Revolution | however especially following great famine ireland system replaced poor immigrant labour.a major u.s. contribution industrialisation development techniques make interchangeable parts metal.precision metal machining techniques developed u.s. department war make interchangeable parts small firearms.development work took p... |
Industrial Revolution | another important invention blanchard lathe invented thomas blanchard.blanchard lathe pattern tracing lathe actually shaper could produce copies wooden gun stocks.use machinery techniques producing standardised interchangeable parts became known american system manufacturing.precision manufacturing techniques made poss... |
Industrial Revolution | however became widely available process modified produce uniform quality.bessemer steel displaced open hearth furnace near end th century.this second industrial revolution gradually grew include chemicals mainly chemical industries petroleum refining distribution th century automotive industry marked transition technol... |
Industrial Revolution | new industrialism developed china shock resulted lost manufacturing jobs u.s. china joined world trade organization .movement strengthened reduction manufacturing jobs great recession u.s. able manufacture enough tests facemasks covid pandemic.new industrialism calls building enough housing satisfy demand order reduce ... |
Industrial Revolution | geographic factors include britains vast mineral resources.addition metal ores britain highest quality coal reserves known time well abundant water power highly productive agriculture numerous seaports navigable waterways.some historians believe industrial revolution outgrowth social institutional changes brought end f... |
Industrial Revolution | change marrying patterns getting married later made people able accumulate human capital youth thereby encouraging economic development.until universally believed academic historians technological innovation heart industrial revolution key enabling technology invention improvement steam engine.marketing professor ronal... |
Industrial Revolution | internal tariffs abolished henry viii england survived russia france spain.governments grant limited monopolies inventors developing patent system statute monopolies considered influential factor.effects patents good ill development industrialisation clearly illustrated history steam engine key enabling technology.retu... |
Industrial Revolution | causes europe one question active interest historians industrial revolution occurred europe parts world th century particularly china india middle east pioneered shipbuilding textile production water mills much period times like classical antiquity middle ages.recent account argued europeans characterized thousands yea... |
Industrial Revolution | china also totalitarian society.china also heavily taxed transported goods.modern estimates per capita income western europe late th century roughly dollars purchasing power parity britain per capita income nearly dollars whereas china comparison dollars.india essentially feudal politically fragmented economically adva... |
Industrial Revolution | conversely chinese society founded men like confucius mencius han feizi legalism lao tzu taoism buddha buddhism resulting different worldviews.factors include considerable distance chinas coal deposits though large cities well unnavigable yellow river connects deposits sea.regarding india marxist historian rajani palme... |
Industrial Revolution | set europe apart technologically advanced large unitary empires china india providing insurance economic technological stagnation.china printing press movable type india similar levels scientific technological achievement europe yet industrial revolution would occur europe china india.europe political fragmentation cou... |
Industrial Revolution | americas europeans found windfall silver timber fish maize leading historian peter stearns conclude europes industrial revolution stemmed great part europes ability draw disproportionately world resources.modern capitalism originated italian citystates around end first millennium.citystates prosperous cities independen... |
Industrial Revolution | causes britain great britain provided legal cultural foundations enabled entrepreneurs pioneer industrial revolution.key factors fostering environment werethe period peace stability followed unification england scotlandthere internal trade barriers including england scotland feudal tolls tariffs making britain largest ... |
Industrial Revolution | advancements also greatly benefitted british society whole.countries around world started recognise changes advancements britain use example begin industrial revolutions.a debate sparked trinidadian politician historian eric williams work capitalism slavery concerned role slavery financing industrial revolution.william... |
Industrial Revolution | britains extensive exporting cottage industries also ensured markets already available many early forms manufactured goods.conflict resulted british warfare conducted overseas reducing devastating effects territorial conquest affected much europe.aided britains geographical position—an island separated rest mainland eu... |
Industrial Revolution | also local coincidence natural resources north england english midlands south wales scottish lowlands.local supplies coal iron lead copper tin limestone water power resulted excellent conditions development expansion industry.also damp mild weather conditions north west england provided ideal conditions spinning cotton... |
Industrial Revolution | take view royal exchange london place venerable many courts justice representatives nations meet benefit mankind.jew mahometan muslim christian transact together though professed religion give name infidel none bankrupts.presbyterian confides anabaptist churchman depends quakers word.one religion allowed england govern... |
Industrial Revolution | netherlands urbanised britain.possible coal coke imported cotton brick slate replaced wood charcoal flax peat thatch.latter compete land grown feed people mined materials not.yet land would freed chemical fertilisers replaced manure horses work mechanised.workhorse needs . |
Industrial Revolution | .ha acres fodder even early steam engines produced four times mechanical energy.in fivesixths coal mined worldwide britain netherlands none despite europes best transport lowest taxes urbanised wellpaid literate population failed industrialise.th century european country whose cities population shrank.without coal brit... |
Industrial Revolution | iron rails developed transport coal major economic sector britain.economic historian robert allen argued high wages cheap capital cheap energy britain made ideal place industrial revolution occur.factors made vastly profitable invest research development put technology use britain societies.however two studies economic... |
Industrial Revolution | common method someone make study tour gathering information could.whole industrial revolution century european countries america engaged studytouring nations like sweden france even trained civil servants technicians undertake matter state policy.countries notably britain america practice carried individual manufacture... |
Industrial Revolution | science often application manufacturing.lunar society flourished said like revolutionary committee far reaching eighteenthcentury revolutions industrial revolution.societies published volumes proceedings transactions.example londonbased royal society arts published illustrated volume new inventions well papers annual t... |
Industrial Revolution | cyclopaedia contains enormous amount information science technology first half industrial revolution well illustrated fine engravings.foreign printed sources descriptions des arts et métiers diderots encyclopédie explained foreign methods fine engraved plates.periodical publications manufacturing technology began appea... |
Industrial Revolution | reinforcement confidence rule law followed establishment prototype constitutional monarchy britain glorious revolution emergence stable financial market based management national debt bank england contributed capacity interest private financial investment industrial ventures.dissenters found barred discouraged almost p... |
Industrial Revolution | criticisms industrial revolution criticised complete ecological collapse causing mental illness pollution unnatural systems organizing humanity.since start industrial revolution people criticised stating industrial revolution turned humanity nature slaves destroying world.also criticised valuing profits corporate growt... |
Industrial Revolution | primitivism primitivism argues industrial revolution created unnatural frame society world humans need adapt unnatural urban landscape humans perpetual cogs without personal autonomy.certain primitivists argue return preindustrial society others argue technology modern medicine agriculture positive humanity assuming co... |
Industrial Revolution | since start industrial revolution humanity permanently changed earth immense decrease biodiversity mass extinction caused industrial revolution.effects include permanent changes earths atmosphere soil forests mass destruction industrial revolution led catastrophic impacts earth.organisms unable adapt leading mass extin... |
Industrial Revolution | ecosystem entire black sea may changed last years result nutrient silica input eroding deforested lands along danube river.opposition romanticism industrial revolution intellectual artistic hostility towards new industrialisation developed associated romantic movement.romanticism revered traditionalism rural life recoi... |
Industrial Revolution | mary shelleys frankenstein reflected concerns scientific progress might twoedged.french romanticism likewise highly critical industry.see also footnotes references reading external links industrial revolution curlieinternet modern history sourcebook industrial revolutionbbc history home page industrial revolutionnation... |
Industrial Revolution | development trade rise business among major causes industrial revolution.industrial revolution marks major turning point history almost every aspect daily life influenced way.particular average income population began exhibit unprecedented sustained growth.economists said important effect industrial revolution standard... |
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