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Weimar Republic	oclc .traverso enzo february st pub.stock .fire blood european civil war .london verso.isbn .
Certified Information Systems Security Professional	oclc .reading external links documentarchiv.de historical documents germannational library israel.org weimar republic collectionalso formally approved u.s. department defense dod information assurance technical iat managerial iam system architect engineer iasae categories dodd certification requirement.in may uk national recognition information centre uk naric designated united kingdom national agency recognition comparison international qualifications skills acting behalf uk government assessed cissp qualification level award level masters degree.change enable cyber security professionals use cissp certification towards higher education course credit also open new opportunities roles require recognize master’s degrees.history mids need arose standardized vendorneutral certification program provided structure demonstrated competence.november special interest group computer security sigcs member data processing management association dpma brought together several organizations interested goal.international information systems security certification consortium isc² formed mid nonprofit organization.by first working committee establish common body knowledge cbk formed.
Certified Information Systems Security Professional	first version cbk finalized cissp credential launched .in cissp adopted baseline u.s. national security agencys issep program.certification subject matter cissp curriculum breaks subject matter variety information security topics referred domains.cissp examination based isc² terms common body knowledge cbk.according isc² cissp cbk taxonomy – collection topics relevant information security professionals around world.cissp cbk establishes common framework information security terms principles allow information security professionals worldwide discuss debate resolve matters pertaining profession common understanding.from st may domain refresh impact weighting domains domains change.from april eight domains covered security risk managementasset securitysecurity architecture engineeringcommunication network securityidentity access managementsecurity assessment testingsecurity operationssoftware development securityfrom early cissp curriculum divided eight domains similar latest curriculum above.
Certified Information Systems Security Professional	domain changed name security engineering revision expanded security architecture engineering.before covered ten domainsoperations securitytelecommunications network securityinformation security governance risk managementsoftware development securitycryptographysecurity architecture designaccess controlbusiness continuity disaster recovery planninglegal regulations investigations compliancephysical environmental security requirements possess minimum five years direct fulltime security work experience two isc² information security domains cbk.one year may waived either fouryear college degree masters degree information security possessing one number certifications.candidate without five years experience may earn associate isc² designation passing required cissp examination valid maximum six years.six years candidate need obtain required experience submit required endorsement form certification cissp.upon completion professional experience requirements certification converted cissp status.attest truth assertions regarding professional experience accept cissp code ethics.answer questions regarding criminal history related background.pass multiple choice cissp exam three hours questions adaptive exam scaled score points greater possible points must achieve pass eight domains.have qualifications endorsed another isc² certification holder good standing.
Certified Information Systems Security Professional	member counts number cissp members january st .concentrations holders cissp certifications earn additional certifications areas speciality.three possibilitiesinformation systems security architecture professional cisspissap advanced information security certification issued isc² focuses architecture aspects information security.certification exam consists questions covering six domain areasidentity access management architecturesecurity operations architectureinfrastructure securityarchitect governance compliance risk managementsecurity architecture modelingarchitect application securityas st july isc² members holding cisspissap certification worldwide.information systems security engineering professional cisspissep advanced information security certification issued isc² focuses engineering aspects information security across systems development life cycle.
Certified Information Systems Security Professional	october announced curricula would made available public united states department homeland security national initiative cybersecurity careers studies program.zdnet network world named issep one tech’s valuable certifications.certification exam consists questions covering domain areasecurity engineering principlesrisk managementsecurity planning design implementationsecure operations maintenance disposalsecure engineering technical managementas st july isc² members holding cisspissep certification worldwide.information systems security management professional cisspissmp advanced information security certification issued isc² focuses management aspects information security.september computerworld rated issmp one top ten valuable certifications tech.
Certified Information Systems Security Professional	certification exam consists questions covering domain areasleadership business managementsystems lifecycle managementrisk managementthreat intelligence incident managementcontingency managementlaw ethics security compliance managementas st july isc² members holding cisspissmp certification worldwide.fees ongoing certification standard exam costs us .completion exam gain certification need complete endorsement process evidence least five years experience within mix domains.dispensation claimed one year relevant academic qualification.final step payment annual maintenance fee .the cissp credential valid three years holders renew either submitting continuing professional education cpe credits per year three years retaking exam.cpe credits gained completing relevant professional education.
Certified Information Systems Security Professional	value certification magazine surveyed professionals countries compensation found cissps led list certificates ranked salary.certification magazine salary survey also ranked cissp credential highly ranked cissp concentration certifications top bestpaid credentials it.in another study came conclusion professionals cissp major security certifications least years experience tend salaries around us us higher professionals similar experience levels certificates.note actual causeandeffect relationship certificate salaries remains unproven.as study cybersecuritydegrees.com surveyed current historical cyber security job listings preferred candidates holding cissp certifications.cybersecuritydegrees found job openings offered average salary average cyber security salary.ansi certifies cissp meets requirements ansiisoiec standard personnel certification accreditation program.see also cism certified information security manager references external links official website
Zettagrid	company headquartered perth western australia offices sydney melbourne singapore jakarta.availability zones australia adelaide brisbane perth melbourne sydney indonesia jakarta cibitung singapore singapore history zettagrid launched may offering vmware vsphere virtual private server hosting perth western australia.july zettagrid launched virtual data centre service based upon vmware vcloud.in november zettagrid opens new availability zones singapore adelaide brisbane.in january zettagrid acquires perth based cloud provider silverain technology.in november zettagrid opens fifth availability zone cibitung indonesia.in october zettagrid opens fourth availability zone jakarta indonesia.in april zettagrid acquires sydney based cloud provider conexim.in november zettagrid opens third availability zone melbourne victoria.in september zettagrid expands establishing second availability zone sydney new south wales.in may zettagrid opens first availability zone perth western australia.awards zettagrid disaster recovery product secondsite™ awarded continuity resilience provider service product business continuity institute awards australasia.zettagrid awarded zerto cloud partner year apj march zettagrid awarded veeam cloud provider partner yearon february zettagrid accepted australian federal governments wholeofgovernment cloud services panel.in july zettagrid awarded veeam propartner year.in october zettagrid appointed australian federal government data centre service dcaas multi use listzettagrid australias first vmware vcloud powered service provider.zettagrid nominated vmware pex anz service provider partner year.competitors amazon web services ovh leaseweb iland phoenixnap microsoft azure macquarie telecom telstra optus references external links official website
Economy of India	worlds sixthlargest economy nominal gdp thirdlargest purchasing power parity ppp.according international monetary fund imf per capita income basis india ranked th gdp nominal th gdp ppp.independence successive governments promoted protectionist economic policies extensive state intervention economic regulation.characterised dirigism form license raj.end cold war acute balance payments crisis led adoption broad economic liberalisation india.
Economy of India	since start st century annual average gdp growth india worlds fastest growing major economy surpassing china.historically india largest economy world two millennia st th century.the longterm growth perspective indian economy remains positive due young population corresponding low dependency ratio healthy savings investment rates increasing globalisation india integration global economy.economy slowed due shocks demonetisation introduction goods services tax .nearly indias gdp driven domestic private consumption.country remains worlds sixthlargest consumer market.
Economy of India	apart private consumption indias gdp also fueled government spending investment exports.india worlds ninthlargest importer twelfthlargest exporter.india member world trade organization since january .ranks rd ease business index th global competitiveness report.million workers indian labour force worlds secondlargest .
Economy of India	india one worlds highest number billionaires extreme income inequality.since india vast informal economy barely indians pay income taxes.during global financial crisis economy faced mild slowdown.india undertook stimulus measures fiscal monetary boost growth generate demand.subsequent years economic growth revived.according pricewaterhousecoopers pwc report indias gdp purchasing power parity could overtake united states .
Economy of India	according world bank achieve sustainable economic development india must focus public sector reform infrastructure agricultural rural development removal land labour regulations financial inclusion spur private investment exports education public health.in indias ten largest trading partners united states china united arab emirates uae saudi arabia switzerland germany hong kong indonesia south korea malaysia.– foreign direct investment fdi india .billion.leading sectors fdi inflows service sector computer industry telecom industry.india free trade agreements several nations including asean safta mercosur south korea japan several others effect negotiating stage.the service sector makes gdp remains fastest growing sector industrial sector agricultural sector employs majority labor force.
Economy of India	bombay stock exchange national stock exchange worlds largest stock exchanges market capitalization.india worlds sixthlargest manufacturer representing global manufacturing output employs million people.nearly indias population rural contributes indias gdp.worlds fourthlargest foreignexchange reserves worth .billion.
Economy of India	india high public debt gdp fiscal deficit stood .gdp.indias governmentowned banks faced mounting bad debt resulting low credit growth.simultaneously nbfc sector engulfed liquidity crisis.india faces moderate unemployment rising income inequality drop aggregate demand.
Economy of India	indias gross domestic savings rate stood .gdp fy .recent years independent economists financial institutions accused government fudging various economic data especially gdp growth.indias gdp q fy rs .lakh crore nearly nine per cent q fy level rs .
Economy of India	lakh crore .india worlds largest manufacturer generic drugs pharmaceutical sector fulfills global demand vaccines.indian industry major exporter services billion revenue employs four million people.indias chemical industry extremely diversified estimated billion.tourism industry contributes .indias gdp employs million people.
Economy of India	india ranks second globally food agricultural production agricultural exports .billion.construction real estate sector ranks third among major sectors terms direct indirect induced effects sectors economy.indian textiles industry estimated billion contributes industrial output .indias gdp employs million people directly.
Economy of India	indias telecommunication industry worlds second largest number mobile phone smartphone internet users.worlds thlargest oil producer thirdlargest oil consumer.indian automobile industry worlds fifthlargest production.india retail market worth .trillion contributes indias gdp.
Economy of India	also one worlds fastest growing ecommerce markets.india worlds fourthlargest natural resources mining sector contributing countrys industrial gdp .total gdp.also worlds secondlargest coal producer secondlargest cement producer secondlargest steel producer thirdlargest electricity producer.history continuous duration nearly years year ad india topmost economy constituting world gdp.
Economy of India	combination protectionist importsubstitution fabian socialism social democraticinspired policies governed india sometime end british rule.economy characterised dirigism extensive regulation protectionism public ownership large monopolies pervasive corruption slow growth.since continuing economic liberalisation moved country towards marketbased economy.india established one worlds fastergrowing economies.ancient medieval eras indus valley civilisation citizens indus valley civilisation permanent settlement flourished bc bc practised agriculture domesticated animals used uniform weights measures made tools weapons traded cities.
Economy of India	evidence wellplanned streets drainage system water supply reveals knowledge urban planning included firstknown urban sanitation systems existence form municipal government.west coast maritime trade carried extensively south india southeast west asia early times around fourteenth century ad.malabar coromandel coasts sites important trading centres early first century bc used import export well transit points mediterranean region southeast asia.time traders organised associations received state patronage.historians tapan raychaudhuri irfan habib claim state patronage overseas trade came end thirteenth century ad largely taken local parsi jewish syrian christian muslim communities initially malabar subsequently coromandel coast.
Economy of India	silk route scholars suggest trading india west asia eastern europe active th th centuries.period indian traders settled surakhani suburb greater baku azerbaijan.traders built hindu temple suggests commerce active prosperous indians th century.further north saurashtra bengal coasts played important role maritime trade gangetic plains indus valley housed several centres riverborne commerce.overland trade carried via khyber pass connecting punjab region afghanistan onward middle east central asia.although many kingdoms rulers issued coins barter prevalent.
Economy of India	villages paid portion agricultural produce revenue rulers craftsmen received part crops harvest time services.mughal era rajput era maratha era – indian economy large prosperous mughal empire th century.sean harkin estimates china india may accounted percent world gdp th century.mughal economy functioned elaborate system coined currency land revenue trade.gold silver copper coins issued royal mints functioned basis free coinage.
Economy of India	political stability uniform revenue policy resulting centralized administration mughals coupled welldeveloped internal trade network ensured india–before arrival british–was large extent economically unified despite traditional agrarian economy characterised predominance subsistence agriculture.agricultural production increased mughal agrarian reforms indian agriculture advanced compared europe time widespread use seed drill among indian peasants adoption european agriculture possibly higher percapita agricultural output standards consumption century europe.the mughal empire thriving industrial manufacturing economy india producing worlds industrial output making important manufacturing center international trade.manufactured goods cash crops mughal empire sold throughout world.key industries included textiles shipbuilding steel processed exports included cotton textiles yarns thread silk jute products metalware foods sugar oils butter.cities towns boomed mughal empire relatively high degree urbanization time population living urban centres higher percentage urban population contemporary europe time higher british india th century.in early modern europe significant demand products mughal india particularly cotton textiles well goods spices peppers indigo silks saltpeter use munitions.
Economy of India	european fashion example became increasingly dependent mughal indian textiles silks.late th century early th century mughal india accounted british imports asia bengal subah province alone accounted dutch imports asia.contrast little demand european goods mughal india largely selfsufficient.indian goods especially bengal also exported large quantities asian markets indonesia japan.time mughal bengal important center cotton textile production.in early th century mughal empire declined lost western central parts south north india maratha empire integrated continued administer regions.
Economy of India	decline mughal empire led decreased agricultural productivity turn negatively affected textile industry.subcontinents dominant economic power postmughal era bengal subah east.continued maintain thriving textile industries relatively high real wages.however former devastated maratha invasions bengal british colonization midth century.loss third battle panipat maratha empire disintegrated several confederate states resulting political instability armed conflict severely affected economic life several parts country – although mitigated localised prosperity new provincial kingdoms.
Economy of India	late eighteenth century british east india company entered indian political theatre established dominance european powers.marked determinative shift indias trade lesspowerful impact rest economy.british era – doubt grievances british empire sound basis.painstaking statistical work cambridge historian angus maddison shown indias share world income collapsed .almost equal europes share .
Economy of India	time low ..indeed beginning th century brightest jewel british crown poorest country world terms per capita income.from beginning th century british east india companys gradual expansion consolidation power brought major change taxation agricultural policies tended promote commercialisation agriculture focus trade resulting decreased production food crops mass impoverishment destitution farmers short term led numerous famines.economic policies british raj caused severe decline handicrafts handloom sectors due reduced demand dipping employment.removal international restrictions charter indian trade expanded substantially steady growth.
Economy of India	result significant transfer capital india england due colonial policies british led massive drain revenue rather systematic effort modernisation domestic economy.under british rule indias share world economy declined ...indias gdp ppp per capita stagnant mughal empire began decline prior onset british rule.indias share global industrial output declined .
Economy of India	time united kingdoms share world economy rose ..british east india company following conquest bengal forced open large indian market british goods could sold india without tariffs duties compared local indian producers heavily taxed britain protectionist policies bans high tariffs implemented restrict indian textiles sold whereas raw cotton imported india without tariffs british factories manufactured textiles indian cotton sold back indian market.british economic policies gave monopoly indias large market cotton resources.india served significant supplier raw goods british manufacturers large captive market british manufactured goods.british territorial expansion india throughout th century created institutional environment paper guaranteed property rights among colonisers encouraged free trade created single currency fixed exchange rates standardised weights measures capital markets within companyheld territories.
Economy of India	also established system railways telegraphs civil service aimed free political interference commonlaw adversarial legal system.coincided major changes world economy – industrialisation significant growth production trade.however end colonial rule india inherited economy one poorest developing world industrial development stalled agriculture unable feed rapidly growing population largely illiterate unskilled labour force extremely inadequate infrastructure.the census revealed .population region constituting presentday india resided villages.decline earlier mughal era population resided villages urban centers akbars reign .
Economy of India	urbanisation generally remained sluggish british india due lack industrialisation absence adequate transportation.subsequently policy discriminating protection certain important industries given financial protection state coupled second world war saw development dispersal industries encouraging ruralurban migration particular large port cities bombay calcutta madras grew rapidly.despite onesixth indias population lived cities .the impact british rule indias economy controversial topic.leaders indian independence movement economic historians blamed colonial rule dismal state indias economy aftermath argued financial strength required industrial development britain derived fromthe wealth taken india.time rightwing historians countered indias low economic performance due various sectors state growth decline due changes brought colonialism world moving towards industrialisation economic integration.several economic historians argued real wage decline occurred early th century possibly beginning late th century largely result british imperialism.
Economy of India	according prasannan parthasarathi sashi sivramkrishna grain wages indian weavers likely comparable british counterparts average income around five times subsistence level comparable advanced parts europe.however concluded due scarcity data hard draw definitive conclusions research required.also argued india went period deindustrialization latter half th century indirect outcome collapse mughal empire.preliberalisation period – indian economic policy independence influenced colonial experience seen exploitative indian leaders exposed british social democracy planned economy soviet union.domestic policy tended towards protectionism strong emphasis import substitution industrialisation economic interventionism large governmentrun public sector business regulation central planning trade foreign investment policies relatively liberal.
Economy of India	fiveyear plans india resembled central planning soviet union.steel mining machine tools telecommunications insurance power plants among industries effectively nationalised mids.indian economy period characterised dirigism.never talk profit jeh dirty word.jawaharlal nehru first prime minister india along statistician prasanta chandra mahalanobis formulated oversaw economic policy initial years countrys independence.expected favourable outcomes strategy involving rapid development heavy industry public private sectors based direct indirect state intervention rather extreme sovietstyle central command system.policy concentrating simultaneously capital technologyintensive heavy industry subsidising manual lowskill cottage industries criticised economist milton friedman thought would waste capital labour retard development small manufacturers.
Economy of India	cannot decide much borrow shares issue price wages bonus pay dividend give.even need governments permission salary pay senior executive.since use highyielding varieties seeds increased fertilisers improved irrigation facilities collectively contributed green revolution india improved condition agriculture increasing crop productivity improving crop patterns strengthening forward backward linkages agriculture industry.however also criticised unsustainable effort resulting growth capitalistic farming ignoring institutional reforms widening income disparities.in rajiv gandhi promised economic liberalization made v. p. singh finance minister tried reduce tax evasion tax receipts rose due crackdown although taxes lowered.process lost momentum later tenure mr. gandhi government marred scandals.postliberalisation period since collapse soviet union indias major trading partner gulf war caused spike oil prices resulted major balanceofpayments crisis india found facing prospect defaulting loans.
Economy of India	india asked .billion bailout loan international monetary fund imf return demanded deregulation.in response narasimha rao government including finance minister manmohan singh initiated economic reforms .reforms away licence raj reduced tariffs interest rates ended many public monopolies allowing automatic approval foreign direct investment many sectors.since overall thrust liberalisation remained although government tried take powerful lobbies trade unions farmers contentious issues reforming labour laws reducing agricultural subsidies.turn st century india progressed towards freemarket economy substantial reduction state control economy increased financial liberalisation.
Economy of India	accompanied increases life expectancy literacy rates food security although urban residents benefited rural residents.while credit rating india hit nuclear weapons tests since raised investment level standard poors sp moodys.india experienced high growth rates averaging .growth moderated due global financial crisis.goldman sachs predicted indias gdp current prices would overtake france italy germany uk russia japan making thirdlargest economy world behind us china.india often seen economists rising economic superpower play major role stcentury global economy.starting india entered period reduced growth slowed .. economic problems also became apparent plunging indian rupee persistent high current account deficit slow industrial growth.india started recovery – gdp growth rate accelerated .
Economy of India	previous years .. acceleration continued – – growth rates ..respectively.first time since india grew faster china registered .growth .
Economy of India	however growth rate subsequently decelerated ..– – respectively partly disruptive effects indian banknote demonetisation goods services tax india.india ranked rd countries world banks ease business index points last years points two years.terms dealing construction permits enforcing contracts ranked among worst world relatively favourable ranking comes protecting minority investors getting credit.strong efforts taken department industrial policy promotion dipp boost ease business rankings state level said impact overall rankings india.indias gdp growth slowing rapidly high .
Economy of India	..experts pointed indian banknote demonetisation trigger set indias growth downward direction impact covid pandemic covid pandemic numerous rating agencies downgraded indias gdp predictions fy negative figures signalling recession india severe since .according dun bradstreet report country likely suffer recession third quarter fy result month long nationwide lockdown imposed curb spread covid.data following table shows main economic indicators –.
Economy of India	inflation green.sectors historically india classified tracked economy gdp three sectors agriculture industry services.agriculture includes crops horticulture milk animal husbandry aquaculture fishing sericulture aviculture forestry related activities.industry includes various manufacturing subsectors.indias definition services sector includes construction retail software communications hospitality infrastructure operations education healthcare banking insurance many economic activities.
Economy of India	agriculture agriculture allied sectors like forestry logging fishing accounted gdp sector employed total workforce .agriculture accounted gdp employed countrys total workforce .indian economy diversified grown agricultures contribution gdp steadily declined yet still countrys largest employment source significant piece overall socioeconomic development.cropyieldperunitarea crops grown since due special emphasis placed agriculture fiveyear plans steady improvements irrigation technology application modern agricultural practices provision agricultural credit subsidies since green revolution india.however international comparisons reveal average yield india generally highest average yield world.
Economy of India	states uttar pradesh punjab haryana madhya pradesh andhra pradesh telangana bihar west bengal gujarat maharashtra key contributors indian agriculture.india receives average annual rainfall millimetres .total annual precipitation billion cubic metres total utilisable water resources including surface groundwater amounting billion cubic metres.square kilometres sq mi land area total cultivated area irrigated.indias inland water resources marine resources provide employment nearly six million people fisheries sector.india worlds sixthlargest fishing industry.india largest producer milk jute pulses worlds secondlargest cattle population million animals .
Economy of India	secondlargest producer rice wheat sugarcane cotton groundnuts well secondlargest fruit vegetable producer accounting ..world fruit vegetable production respectively.india also secondlargest producer largest consumer silk producing tons .india largest exporter cashew kernels cashew nut shell liquid cnsl.
Economy of India	foreign exchange earned country export cashew kernels – reached ₹.billion equivalent ₹ billion us million based statistics cashew export promotion council india cepci.tonnes kernels exported –.cashew processing units kollam kerala.indias foodgrain production remained stagnant approximately million tonnes mt – – crop years july–june.india exports several agriculture products basmati rice wheat cereals spices fresh fruits dry fruits buffalo beef meat cotton tea coffee cash crops particularly middle east southeast east asian countries.percent export earnings come trade.at around square kilometres sq mi india secondlargest amount arable land us total land cultivation.
Economy of India	although total land area country slightly onethird china us indias arable land marginally smaller us marginally larger china.however agricultural output lags far behind potential.low productivity india result several factors.according world bank indias large agricultural subsidies distorting farmers grow hampering productivityenhancing investment.overregulation agriculture increased costs price risks uncertainty governmental intervention labour land credit hurting market.
Economy of India	infrastructure rural roads electricity ports food storage retail markets services remain inadequate.average size land holdings small holdings less one hectare .acres size.irrigation facilities inadequate revealed fact total cultivable land irrigated resulting farmers still dependent rainfall specifically monsoon season often inconsistent unevenly distributed across country.effort bring additional hectares acres land irrigation various schemes attempted including accelerated irrigation benefit programme aibp provided ₹ billion equivalent ₹ billion us billion union budget.
Economy of India	farming incomes also hampered lack food storage distribution infrastructure third indias agricultural production lost spoilage.manufacturing industry industry accounts gdp employs total workforce.according world bank indias industrial manufacturing gdp output th largest world current us dollar basis billion th largest inflationadjusted constant us dollar basis .billion.industrial sector underwent significant changes due economic reforms removed import restrictions brought foreign competition led privatisation certain governmentowned publicsector industries liberalised foreign direct investment fdi regime improved infrastructure led expansion production fastmoving consumer goods.
Economy of India	postliberalisation indian private sector faced increasing domestic foreign competition including threat cheaper chinese imports.since handled change squeezing costs revamping management relying cheap labour new technology.however also reduced employment generation even among smaller manufacturers previously relied labourintensive processes.defence strength .million active personnel india thirdlargest military force largest volunteer army.
Economy of India	total budget sanctioned indian military financial year – ₹.trillion us billion.defence spending expected rise us billion .electricity sector primary energy consumption india thirdlargest china us .global share year .
Economy of India	coal crude oil together account primary energy consumption india.indias oil reserves meet countrys domestic oil demand.april indias total proven crude oil reserves .million metric tons gas reserves stood billion cubic metres trillion cubic feet.oil natural gas fields located offshore bombay high krishna godavari basin cauvery delta onshore mainly states assam gujarat rajasthan.
Economy of India	india fourthlargest consumer oil net oil imports nearly ₹ billion us billion – adverse effect countrys current account deficit.petroleum industry india mostly consists public sector companies oil natural gas corporation ongc hindustan petroleum corporation limited hpcl bharat petroleum corporation limited bpcl indian oil corporation limited iocl.major private indian companies oil sector reliance industries limited ril operates worlds largest oil refining complex.india became worlds thirdlargest producer electricity .global share electricity generation surpassing japan russia.end calendar year india electricity surplus many power stations idling want demand.
Economy of India	utility electricity sector installed capacity gw may thermal power contributed .hydroelectricity .sources renewable energy .nuclear power .. india meets domestic electricity demand billion tonnes proven coal reserves.india also rich certain alternative sources energy significant future potential solar wind biofuels jatropha sugarcane.
Economy of India	indias dwindling uranium reserves stagnated growth nuclear energy country many years.recent discoveries tummalapalle belt may among top natural uranium reserves worldwide estimated reserve metric tons short tons thorium – worlds reserves – expected fuel countrys ambitious nuclear energy program longrun.indous nuclear deal also paved way india import uranium countries.engineering engineering largest subsector indias industrial sector gdp thirdlargest exports.includes transport equipment machine tools capital goods transformers switchgear furnaces cast forged parts turbines automobiles railways.
Economy of India	industry employs four million workers.valueadded basis indias engineering subsector exported billion worth engineering goods – fiscal year served part domestic demand engineering goods.the engineering industry india includes growing car motorcycle scooters industry productivity machinery tractors.india manufactured assembled million passenger utility vehicles .million exported.india largest producer largest market tractors accounting global tractor production .
Economy of India	india thlargest producer thlargest consumer machine tools.the automotive manufacturing industry contributed billion gdp employed .million people workforce .gems jewellery india one largest centres polishing diamonds gems manufacturing jewellery also one two largest consumers gold.crude oil petroleum products export import gold precious metals precious stones gems jewellery accounts largest portion indias global trade.industry contributes indias gdp employs millions major source foreignexchange earnings.
Economy of India	gems jewellery industry created billion economic output valueadded basis projected grow billion .the gems jewellery industry economically active india several thousand years.th century india major reliable source diamonds.south africa australia major sources diamonds precious metals along antwerp new york city ramat gan indian cities surat mumbai hubs worlds jewellery polishing cutting precision finishing supply trade.unlike centres gems jewellery industry india primarily artisandriven sector manual highly fragmented almost entirely served familyowned operations.the particular strength subsector precision cutting polishing processing small diamonds one carat.india also hub processing larger diamonds pearls precious stones.
Economy of India	statistically diamonds set jewellery world cut polished india.infrastructure indias infrastructure transport sector contributes gdp.india road network kilometres mi march secondlargest road network world behind united states..km roads per square kilometre land .
Economy of India	miles per square mile quantitative density indias road network higher japan .united states .far higher china .brazil .russia .. qualitatively indias roads mix modern highways narrow unpaved roads improved.
Economy of India	march .indian roads paved.india lowest kilometrelane road density per people among g countries leading traffic congestion.upgrading infrastructure.may india completed kilometres mi lane highways connecting major manufacturing commercial cultural centres.
Economy of India	indias road infrastructure carries freight passenger traffic.the indian railway network fourthlargest rail network world track length kilometres mi stations.governmentownedandoperated railway network carried average million passengers day billion tonnes freight .india coastline kilometres mi major ports operational nonmajor ports together handle countrys external trade volume value remainder handled air.nhava sheva mumbai largest public port mundra largest private sea port.airport infrastructure india includes airports airports licensed handle passengers cargo.
Economy of India	petroleum products chemicals petroleum products chemicals major contributor indias industrial gdp together contribute export earnings.india hosts many oil refinery petrochemical operations including worlds largest refinery complex jamnagar processes .million barrels crude per day.volume indian chemical industry thirdlargest producer asia contributed countrys gdp.india one fivelargest producers agrochemicals polymers plastics dyes various organic inorganic chemicals.
Economy of India	despite large producer exporter india net importer chemicals due domestic demands.the chemical industry contributed billion economy fy expected reach – billion .industry employed .million people workforce .pharmaceuticals indian pharmaceutical industry grown recent years become major manufacturer health care products world.india holds market share global supply generics volume.
Economy of India	indian pharmaceutical sector also supplies global demand various vaccines.indias pharmaceutical exports stood .billion – expected reach billion .industry grew billion .billion compound annual growth rate cagr .. expected grow cagr .
Economy of India	reach billion .india expected become sixthlargest pharmaceutical market world .one fastestgrowing industrial subsectors significant contributor indias export earnings.state gujarat become hub manufacture export pharmaceuticals active pharmaceutical ingredients apis.textile textile apparel market india estimated .
Economy of India	billion .expected reach size billion .industry employees million people.value textile industry accounts indias industrial gdp countrys export earnings.india exported .
Economy of India	billion worth textiles – fiscal year.indias textile industry transformed recent years declining sector rapidly developing one.freeing industry – number limitations primarily financial government permitted massive investment inflows domestic foreign.total investment textile sector increased billion dollars.ludhiana produces woollens india known manchester india.tirupur gained universal recognition leading source hosiery knitted garments casual wear sportswear.
Economy of India	expanding textile centres ichalkaranji enjoy one highest percapita incomes country.indias cotton farms fibre textile industry provides employment million people india including child labour .sector estimated employ around children age .pulp paper pulp paper industry india one major producers paper world adopted new manufacturing technology.paper market india estimated worth ₹ billion us.
Economy of India	billion – recording cagr –.domestic demand paper almost doubled around million tonnes – fiscal million tonnes –.per capita consumption paper india around – kg annually lower global average kg.services services sector largest share indias gdp accounting .seventhlargest services sector nominal gdp third largest purchasing power taken account.
Economy of India	services sector provides employment workforce.information technology business process outsourcing among fastestgrowing sectors cumulative growth rate revenue .fiscal years – – contributing countrys total exports –.aviation india fourthlargest civil aviation market world recording air traffic million passengers .market estimated aircraft would account .
Economy of India	global volumes expected record annual passenger traffic million .iata estimated aviation contributed billion indias gdp supported .million jobs – directly value chain .million tourism.civil aviation india traces beginnings february henri pequet french aviator carried pieces mail humber biplane allahabad naini.later october j.r.d.
Economy of India	tata flew consignment mail karachi juhu airport.airline later became air india first asian airline cross atlantic ocean well first asian airline fly jets.nationalisation march indian parliament passed air corporations act streamline nationalise existing privately owned eight domestic airlines indian airlines domestic services tata groupowned air india international services.international airports authority india iaai constituted national airports authority constituted .bureau civil aviation security established following crash air india flight .
Economy of India	deregulation government deregularised civil aviation sector government allowed private airlines operate charter nonscheduled services air taxi scheme air corporation act repealed private airlines could operate scheduled services.private airlines including jet airways air sahara modiluft damania airways nepc airlines commenced domestic operations period.the aviation industry experienced rapid transformation following deregulation.several lowcost carriers entered indian market –.major new entrants included air deccan air sahara kingfisher airlines spicejet goair paramount airways indigo.kingfisher airlines became first indian air carrier june order airbus aircraft worth us billion.
Economy of India	however indian aviation would struggle due economic slowdown rising fuel operation costs.led consolidation buyouts discontinuations.air sahara air deccan acquired jet airways kingfisher airlines respectively.paramount airways ceased operations kingfisher shut .etihad airways agreed acquire stake jet airways .
Economy of India	airasia india lowcost carrier operating joint venture air asia tata sons launched .– indigo goair generating profits.average domestic passenger air fare dropped adjusting inflation.banking financial services financial services industry contributed billion gdp employed .million people workforce banking sector contributed billion gdp employed .
Economy of India	million people workforce .indian money market classified organised sector comprising private public foreignowned commercial banks cooperative banks together known scheduled banks unorganised sector includes individual familyowned indigenous bankers money lenders nonbanking financial companies.unorganised sector microcredit preferred traditional banks rural suburban areas especially nonproductive purposes shortterm loans ceremonies.prime minister indira gandhi nationalised banks followed six others made mandatory banks provide net credit priority sectors including agriculture smallscale industry retail trade small business ensure banks fulfilled social developmental goals.since number bank branches increased population covered branch decreased period.total bank deposits increased ₹.
Economy of India	billion equivalent ₹.trillion us billion – ₹ billion equivalent ₹ trillion us.trillion –.despite increase rural branches – total – villages served scheduled bank.indias gross domestic savings – percentage gdp stood high .. half personal savings invested physical assets land houses cattle gold.governmentowned publicsector banks hold total assets banking industry private foreign banks holding .
Economy of India	.respectively.since liberalisation government approved significant banking reforms.relate nationalised banks – reforms encouraging mergers reducing government interference increasing profitability competitiveness – reforms opened banking insurance sectors private foreign companies.financial technology according report national association software services companies nasscom india presence around companies fintech space investment million .
Economy of India	nasscom report also estimated fintech software services market grow .times making worth billion.indian fintech landscape segmented follows – payment processing followed banking trading public private markets.information technology information technology industry india consists two major components services business process outsourcing bpo.sector increased contribution indias gdp .
Economy of India	..according nasscom sector aggregated revenues us billion export revenue stood us billion domestic us billion growing .the growth sector attributed increased specialisation availability large pool lowcost highly skilled fluent englishspeaking workers – matched increased demand foreign consumers interested indias service exports looking outsource operations.share indian industry countrys gdp increased .– .
Economy of India	seven indian firms listed among top technology outsourcing companies world.the business process outsourcing services outsourcing industry india caters mainly western operations multinational corporations.around .million people work outsourcing sector.annual revenues around billion around gdp.around .
Economy of India	million people graduate india every year.wages rising – percent result skill shortages.insurance india became tenthlargest insurance market world rising th .total market size us.billion remains small compared worlds major economies indian insurance market accounted worlds insurance business .
Economy of India	indias life nonlife insurance industry collected ₹.trillion us billion total gross insurance premiums .life insurance accounts .insurance market rest general insurance.insurance companies india active lifeinsurance business.specialised insurers export credit guarantee corporation agriculture insurance company aic offer credit guarantee crop insurance.
Economy of India	introduced several innovative products weather insurance insurance related specific crops.premium underwritten nonlife insurers – ₹ billion equivalent ₹ billion us.billion ₹ billion equivalent ₹ billion us.billion –.growth satisfactory particularly given acrossthebroad cuts tariff rates.
Economy of India	private insurers underwrote premiums ₹ billion equivalent ₹ billion us.billion ₹ billion equivalent ₹ billion us.billion –.the indian insurance business underdeveloped low levels insurance penetration.retail retail industry excluding wholesale contributed billion gdp employed .million people workforce .
Economy of India	industry second largest employer india agriculture.indian retail market estimated us billion one topfive retail markets world economic value.india one fastestgrowing retail markets world projected reach .trillion .ecommerce retail market india valued .
Economy of India	billion expected reach .billion .indias retail industry mostly consists local momandpop stores ownermanned shops street vendors.retail supermarkets expanding market share .government permitted fdi multibrand retail fdi singlebrand retail.however lack backend warehouse infrastructure statelevel permits red tape continue limit growth organised retail.
Economy of India	compliance thirty regulations signboard licences antihoarding measures must made store open business.taxes moving goods state state even within states.according wall street journal lack infrastructure efficient retail networks cause third indias agriculture produce lost spoilage.tourism world travel tourism council calculated tourism generated ₹.trillion us billion .
Economy of India	nations gdp supported .million jobs total employment.sector predicted grow annual rate .₹.trillion us billion .
Economy of India	gdp.million foreign tourists arrived india compared .million recording growth .. india earned .billion foreign exchange tourism receipts .international tourism india seen steady growth .
Economy of India	million arrivals .million arrivals .united states largest source international tourists india european union nations japan major sources international tourists.less international tourists visit taj mahal majority visiting cultural thematic holiday circuits.million indian citizens take international trips year tourism domestic tourism within india adds million indian travellers.india fastgrowing medical tourism sector health care economy offering lowcost health services longterm care.
Economy of India	october medical tourism sector estimated worth us billion.projected grow – billion .foreign patients traveled india seek medical treatment.media entertainment industry assochampwc joint study projected indian media entertainment industry would grow size .billion .
Economy of India	billion recording cagr .. study also predicted television cinema overthetop services would account nearly half overall industry growth period.healthcare indias healthcare sector expected grow cagr reach us billion buoyed rising incomes greater health awareness increased precedence lifestyle diseases improved access health insurance.the ayurveda industry india recorded market size .billion .confederation indian industry estimates industry grow cagr .nearly market comprises overthecounter personal care beauty products ayurvedic wellbeing ayurvedic tourism services accounted market.
Economy of India	logistics logistics industry india worth billion grew cagr .previous fiveyear period.industry employs million people.expected reach size billion .india ranked th countries world banks logistics performance index.
Economy of India	printing telecommunications telecommunication sector generated ₹.trillion us billion revenue – accounting .total gdp.india secondlargest market world number telephone users fixed mobile phones .billion subscribers august .
Economy of India	one lowest calltariffs world due fierce competition among telecom operators.india worlds thirdlargest internet userbase.march .million internet subscribers country.industry estimates indicate million tv consumers india .india largest directtohome dth television market world number subscribers.
Economy of India	may .million dth subscribers country.mining construction mining mining contributed billion gdp employed .million people workforce .indias mining industry fourthlargest producer minerals world volume eighthlargest producer value .
Economy of India	mined processed minerals four fuel three atomic energy minerals nonfuel.governmentowned public sector accounted mineral production volume –.nearly indias mining industry output value concentrated eight states odisha rajasthan chhattisgarh andhra pradesh telangana jharkhand madhya pradesh karnataka.another output value comes offshore oil gas resources.india operated mines half coal limestone iron ore. outputvalue basis india one five largest producers mica chromite coal lignite iron ore bauxite barite zinc manganese one ten largest global producers many minerals.india fourthlargest producer steel seventhlargest producer aluminium.indias mineral resources vast.

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