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Duluth, Minnesota	demographics census census people households families residing city.population density .inhabitants per square mile .km.housing units average density .per square mile .km.
Duluth, Minnesota	racial makeup city .white .african american .native american .asian .
Duluth, Minnesota	races .russian .two races ethnicities.hispanic latino race .population.there households .
Duluth, Minnesota	children age living .married couples living together .female householder husband present .male householder wife present .nonfamilies.
Duluth, Minnesota	.households made individuals .someone living alone years age older.average household size .average family size ..the median age city .
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Duluth, Minnesota	.years age older.gender makeup city .male .female.
Duluth, Minnesota	census census households families city.population density .sq mi .km.housing units average density .sq mi .km.racial makeup city .white .
Duluth, Minnesota	black african american .native american .asian .pacific islander .races .
Duluth, Minnesota	two races..population hispanic latino race.among duluths households .children .married couples living together .
Duluth, Minnesota	female householder husband present .nonfamilies..households oneperson households .someone older living alone.
Duluth, Minnesota	average household size .average family size ..in city age distribution population shows .age ...
Duluth, Minnesota	.years age older.median age years.every females .males.
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Duluth, Minnesota	families .residents poverty line including ..over.economy duluth major regional center health care higher education retail business services immediate area also larger area encompassing northeastern minnesota northwestern wisconsin western upper peninsula michigan.
Duluth, Minnesota	also major transportation center transshipment coal taconite agricultural products steel limestone cement.recent years seen strong growth transshipment wind turbine components coming going manufacturers europe north dakota oversized industrial machinery manufactured around world destined tar sands oil extraction projects northern alberta.port duluth handles average million short tons cargo nearly vessel visits year.ports vessels lakers ships ship goods exclusively among upper four great lakes large transit welland canal.salties ships traverse seaway way atlantic ocean.duluth attracted several new engineering firms including tkda barr engineering lhb enbridge lake superior consulting well new startups various fields including loll designs ecofriendly furniture company microbrewery bent paddle.
Duluth, Minnesota	womens clothing retail chain maurices also headquartered duluth luggage manufacturers suppliers duluth pack frost river.workwear accessories brand duluth trading company founded barge citys shipping district.company moved headquarters southern wisconsin .duluth center aquatic biology aquatic science.city home epas midcontinent ecology division laboratory university minnesota–duluth.institutions spawned many economically scientifically important businesses support duluths economy.
Duluth, Minnesota	short list businesses include era laboratories limnologic asci corporation environmental consulting testing ecolab.the city popular tourism.duluth convenient base trips scenic north shore via highway fishing wilderness destinations minnesotas far north including superior national forest lake vermilion boundary waters canoe area.tourists also may drive north shore scenic drive gooseberry falls state park baptism falls minnesotas largest waterfall vertical cliff palisade head isle royale national park reached via ferry grand portage national monument grand portage high falls pigeon river canada–us border.thunder bay ontario reached following highway canada along lake superior.in volunteer task force formed manage spiraling retiree health care benefit obligations threatening bankrupt city.mayor ness called single important volunteer effort citys history.
Duluth, Minnesota	reforming restructuring benefits court case went way minnesota supreme court liability stood estimated million.mayor announced full solution retiree health care issue threatened bankrupt city.aviation summer worlds first heavierthanair airline service opened form biplane flying boat named lark duluth offering joyrides duluth harbor.commercial success flights ended later summer designer aircrafts engine crashed it.purchased used scheduled flights florida plane returned duluth locations passenger flights ultimately damaged hard landing later year california pronounced unsalvageable.
Duluth, Minnesota	replica lark duluth constructed flown duluth aviation institute commemorate th anniversary commercial aviation.several multinational aviation corporations operate near duluth.since city home headquarters main manufacturing facility cirrus aircraft whose plus employees build worlds bestselling general aviation aircraft sr worlds first singleengine personal jet vision sf.james fallows national correspondent atlantic said cirrus rapid growth duluth years major major factor towns modern emergence.company duluths largest manufacturer.another aircraft manufacturer kestrel aircraft maker k turboprop plane known one aviation moved twin ports.
Duluth, Minnesota	later year aar corp opened aircraft repair maintenance facility duluth airport.in january duluth international airport opened new terminal named u.s. representative james l. oberstar terminal late jim oberstar.the air national guards th fighter wing based duluth citys seventhlargest employer.one handful national guard units active association ths case means capability provide training air force pilots.th fighter squadron unit th.arts culture historic old central high school built locally quarried sandstone cost houses classroom museum.features foot clock tower chimes patterned big ben london clock faces ⁄ feet .
Duluth, Minnesota	diameter overlooking duluth harbor.listed national register historic places begin listing writing old central fine example traditionally rich architectural style known romanesque certainly outstanding structure kind found northern minnesota.other museums include duluth childrens museum lincoln park neighborhood.founded fiftholdest kind nation.features interactive exhibits educational programs opportunities creative play designed children families caregivers school field trips.museum also curates artifact collection objects drawn lives cultures people resided region particularly american indians immigrants.
Duluth, Minnesota	museums include tweed museum art university minnesota duluth karpeles manuscript library museum.the premiere community art center duluth art institute galleries fiber studio darkroom depot downtown ceramic multipurpose studios lincoln park neighborhood.number local art galleries also located downtown canal park.duluth public library three locations.duluth also home professional ballet company minnesota ballet.duluth shares symphony orchestra—the duluth superior symphony orchestra—with superior wisconsin.
Duluth, Minnesota	summer free concerts often held chester park local musicians play crowds.bayfront blues festival held early august.duluth home several local theater companies including duluth playhouse one oldest operating community theaters united states.founded playhouses main offices two theaters housed historic depot building michigan street.playhouse comprehensive theatrical season across multiple stages including duluths shor theater april .also renowned education program.the norshor theatre historic movie palace superior street restored use performance venue.
Duluth, Minnesota	centuryold venue generally considered local landmark.months construction renovations norshor opened seat stadiumstyle balconied liveperformance auditorium bar lounge.since duluth celebrated gay pride parade labor day weekend.since city held homegrown music festival first week may.festival features local musical acts performing across city.junior achievement high school rocks – battle bands showcases middle school high school bands central minnesota canada–us border northern wisconsin takes place decc midapril.
Duluth, Minnesota	duluth also hosts northeastern minnesota book awards honoring books region.attractions canal park district recreation activities restaurants cafés hotels shops especially dealing antiques.formerly warehouse district area converted recreationoriented district following decline manufacturing s. .mile .km walking path offers views park points sand dunes swimming beaches lighthouse pier.the path passes aerial lift bridge vertical lift bridge spanning duluth ship canal duluths harbor.originally exceedingly rare aerial transfer bridge—a bridge slides basketlike gondola back forth transfer people vehicles one side other.
Duluth, Minnesota	wreck thomas wilson classic earlythcentury whaleback ore boat lies underwater less mile .km outside duluth harbor ship canal.duluth lakewalk expanded improved beginning sevenmile walkingbiking path begins canal park follows lakeshore crossing leif erickson park duluth rose garden ending bayfront festival park area covered pavilion festivals concerts events held.duluth starting point north shore lake superior scenic route runs duluth southwestern end lake thunder bay nipigon north sault ste.marie east.
Duluth, Minnesota	route already popular tourist destination great lakes lock system first allowed steamboats onto lake eastern tourists began travel onto lake superior recreational purposes.mids many excursion boats coastal steamers ferries ran along north shore primarily duluth thunder bay.docking duluth canoed ferried north shore staying hunting fishing camps later hotels small cabins.great lakes aquarium great lakes aquarium duluth waterfront park.freshwater aquarium features animals habitats found great lakes basin freshwater ecosystems amazon river.
Duluth, Minnesota	aquarium houses different species fish birds reptiles amphibians mammals.one aquariums united states focus freshwater exhibits.lake superior maritime museum visitor center great lakes maritime museum visitor center contains historical exhibits maritime artifacts recreation ships pilot house cabins staterooms lifesize mannequins speak visitors.pilot house children pretend command ship using ships steering wheel instruments.exhibits contain artifacts many sunken ships duluth harbor.
Duluth, Minnesota	one exhibit tells story edmund fitzgerald sank november gale departing duluth superior port.small movie theater viewing room visitors watch ships arriving harbor find arrival times ships arrive throughout day.william a. irvin ship museum transporting coal iron great lakes years s.s. william a. irvin docked duluth serves preserved example shipping history great lakes.flagship u.s. steels great lakes fleet provided called comfort elegance dignitaries guests traveled lakes hauling materials two harbors duluth u.s. steels mills lakes michigan erie ohio indiana.lake superior railroad museum lake superior railroad museum duluth union depot.
Duluth, Minnesota	seven steam diesel two electric locomotives pieces rolling stock.collection includes william crooks first locomotive operate state minnesota duluth missabe iron range railway number yellowstone locomotive among largest steam engines ever.yellowstones ever built duluth exhibits one three remain.north shore scenic railroad north shore scenic railroad heritage railroad operates duluth two harbors minnesota.owned lake superior railroad museum offers several different types passenger excursion trains may october year.
Duluth, Minnesota	railroad started using lakefront line owned duluth missabe iron range railway.fitgers brewery original brewery built stream came known brewery creek purchased michael fink moved downstream present location superior street.finks lake superior brewery hired new brewmaster august fitger graduate one germanys premier brewing schools brewery renamed a. fitger co. lake superior brewery.brewery successful stayed operation even prohibition finally closed years continual operation making oldest business duluth.complex reopened contains craft brewery several restaurants hotels shops museum.
Duluth, Minnesota	fitgers brewery complex listed national register historic places.glensheen mansion glensheen historic estate shore lake superior built family home wealthy businessman chester adgate congdon.glensheen sits .acres .ha lakefront property rooms built jacobean architectural tradition inspired beauxarts styles era.
Duluth, Minnesota	building designed minnesota architect clarence h. johnston sr. interiors designed william french.formal terraced garden englishstyle landscape designed charles wellford leavitt firm new york.construction began cost million todays dollars completed .aside architectural significance glensheen noteworthy murders elisabeth congdon nurse june .mansion open tours yearround.
Duluth, Minnesota	lake superior zoo acre lake superior zoo offers yearround recreational activities features animals around world including amur tigers snow leopards african lions brown bears kangaroos gray wolves variety birds reptiles primates barnyard animals.zoo offers learning programs regularly features special events.hawk ridge fall raptor count duluth path many avian flyways migratory birds pass area great numbers.hawk ridge skyline parkway ideal viewing migratory raptors.according minnesota department natural resources hawk ridge attracted visitors states countries labor day october.
Duluth, Minnesota	volunteers licensed bird banders capture raptors nets band large crowds gather observe capture release.gichiode akiing lakewalk lake place park became gichiode akiing ojibwe grand heart place.duluth city council approved name change .memorial kechewaishke also known chief buffalo honors symbolic petition carried president millard fillmore .kechewaishke signed treaty la pointe year death provision one square mile .
Duluth, Minnesota	km land corner lake superior given adopted son benjamin g. armstrong.known buffalo tract armstrongs land comprised part todays downtown duluth.enger tower enger tower foot fivestory blue stone observation tower atop enger hill duluth.tower provides panoramic views twin ports lookouts accessible stairs.green beacon mounted atop tower seen many miles.
Duluth, Minnesota	events christmas city north parade year november christmas city north parade takes place duluth.parade dates holiday shopping season ran particularly short.wanting extend christmas shopping days bob rich time owned former wdsmtv kbjrtv came idea.since parade marched downtown duluth annually friday night thanksgiving.event survived pouring rain snow frigid cold.
Duluth, Minnesota	even years instruments cold produce music bands became choirs using voices entertain crowd.recorded merv griffin christmas city song parades signature sound.according richs grandson song written local resident grandfather asked friend griffin time wellknown tv personality later became would sing song put music.bentleyville tour lights sports professional sports history duluth fielded national football league team called kelleys officially kelley duluths kelleyduluth hardware store eskimos officially ernie nevers eskimos early nfl great star player .eskimos sold became orange tornadoes orange new jersey.
Duluth, Minnesota	bit history became basis george clooneyrenée zellweger movie leatherheads.the duluth–superior dukes northern league independent professional baseball played west duluths wade stadium leagues inception team moved kansas city kansas became kansas city tbones.dukes northern league champions .earlier northern league based midwest also operation longest stint –.dukes farm team detroit tigers several teams later years northern league folded .dukes produced notable players denny mclain bill freehan gates brown ray oyler jim northrup mickey stanley john hiller willie horton members world champion detroit tigers.duluth also home hortons gym home gym professional boxers zach jungle boy walters andy kolle well number professional prizefighters.
Duluth, Minnesota	hortons gym run chuck horton .time horton trained recognized professional amateur boxers minnesota walters kolle rj lasse gary eyer wayne putnam.horton turned gym zach walters horton could concentrate solely training professional boxers walters changed gyms name jungle boy boxing gym.horton currently trainer al sands sands north american boxing associations u.s. cruiserweight title april .amateur sports hockey university minnesota duluth bulldog hockey games televised nationally attended thousands person duluth entertainment convention center decc.
Duluth, Minnesota	new hockey arena amsoil arena opened december adjacent decc.several bulldogs including hockey great brett hull matt niskanen gone success national hockey league.april bulldog mens team defeated michigan win first national championship school history.championship .the umd womens ice hockey team five ncaa division national championships – .title game cornell university lasted nearly three full overtimes longest womens ice hockey championship game ncaa history.
Duluth, Minnesota	womens frozen four tournament played decc bulldogs claiming third consecutive national title defeating harvard university via dramatic doubleovertime goal nora tallus front sellout home crowd.frozen four tournament also held decc saw bulldogs claim fourth national title – shutout wisconsin badgers.womens frozen four held amsoil arena .baseball duluth dukes amateur baseball team plays home games bulldog park campus university minnesota duluth wade stadium.dukes composed current former college players former professional players.
Duluth, Minnesota	dukes compete two leagues arrowhead league minnesota baseball association upper league wisconsin baseball association.the duluth xpress amateur baseball team plays games ordean middle school baseball field.team made current former college players former professional players.xpress compete arrowhead league class b league minnesota town team baseball.the duluth huskies college summer wood bat league baseball team based duluth playing northwoods league.team plays home games wade stadium.roster includes top college baseball players country.
Duluth, Minnesota	huskies play home games summer june august.the twin ports north stars amateur baseball team plays games ordean field duluth east high school.north stars composed current former college professional baseball players reside twin ports area.north stars compete arrowhead league class b league minnesota baseball association.soccer national premier soccer league team duluth fc plays home games denfeld high schools public schools stadium.bandy bandy team sport similar ice hockey.
Duluth, Minnesota	american bandy league matches played guidant john rose minnesota oval roseville.duluth team dynamo duluth finished nd league.became champions first time.north american cup rink bandy.roller derby roller derby contact sport played two teams five members roller skating direction counterclockwise around track.
Duluth, Minnesota	harbor city roller derby league founded duluth–superiors first womens flattrack roller derby league.parks recreation duluth numerous parks including six parks lake superior leif erikson park includes lakeside rose garden brighton beach park canal park park point lakewalk connecting canal park leif erickson park via lakeshore lafayette park park point.park point recreation area near end park point community center numerous pavilions swimming beach sand volleyball court picnic tables grills boat launch.park point pine forest tip park point popular birdwatching spring fall shorebirds use area resting point migration.shipping schedule ships entering harbor available well five live cams including cam canal lift bridge beach.other parks include historic lester park one duluths popular parks.
Duluth, Minnesota	upstream amity creek joins lester river large deep pool formed attracts cliff diving.amity creek site seven bridges road fourmile section skyline parkway follows amity creek top bluffs lake superior.foot drop resulted long cascade waterfalls.duluths parks include congdon park hartley park chester park bayfront festival park cascade park enger park lincoln park brewer park fairmount park indian point park magney–snively park fond du lac park well small neighborhood parks athletic fields.lester park congdon park hartley park chester park trail systems three parks—all hartley—also waterfalls lincoln park.hartley park also nature center.
Duluth, Minnesota	lester park enger park public golf courses.fairmount park lake superior zoo.jay cooke state park minnesota state park ten miles km southwest duluth.park along saint louis river one minnesotas ten visited state parks.leif erikson park many years leif erikson viking ship built norway local boat builders replicate type ship sailed leif erikson arrived north america around a.d. display leif erickson park.
Duluth, Minnesota	vessel feet long footinch beam draws feet .water.dragons head tail considered architects masterpieces.ship invited duluth norwegianamerican immigrant businessman h.h.borgen.
Duluth, Minnesota	crew landed duluth june traveled distance miles km greatest distance ship size modern history.hundreds people lined dock greet ship sailed duluth harbor.duluthian emil olson purchased ship soon voyage donated leif erikson city duluth.ship placed display duluths lake park later named leif erikson park.the leif erikson steadily deteriorated years neglect vandalism poor condition even considered ship burned traditional viking manner putting ship rest.suggestion inspired emil olsons grandson borg bring volunteers together begin fundraising efforts restore ship.donations festivals endeavors group raised .
Duluth, Minnesota	boatbuilders began restoration .restoration went slowly starts stops due lack funding.announced restoration completed plans place build glass structure house ship however ship remains storage.located within leif erikson park overlooking lake superior duluth rose garden formal english style garden rose bushes nonrose plantings including day lilies evergreen shrubs mixed perennials herb garden.rose varieties labeled signs give information roses history culture.six acre garden grows soil resting highway tunnel encloses termination point freeway entering duluth.
Duluth, Minnesota	brick walkways connect beds many benches garden resemble stone sofas.antique horse fountain marble gazebo.garden popular place summer outdoor weddings.recreation duluth offers numerous outdoor activities including fishing hiking skiing sailing canoeing kayaking surfing mountain biking.addition two public golf courses lester enger park golfers play northland country club ridgeview country club.
Duluth, Minnesota	duluth five public tennis courts private tennis club courts.city many indoor outdoor ice rinks including curling facilities.the university minnesota duluth recreational sport outdoor program offers classes kayak standup paddleboarding canoe whitewater river running hold annual st. louis river whitewater rendezvous slalom sprint races july.program also provides sea kayaking rock climbing lessons individuals families.grandmas marathon since duluth played host grandmas marathon held annually june.named original sponsor grandmas restaurant draws runners world.
Duluth, Minnesota	course starts outside two harbors minnesota runs old highway former route highway along north shore lake superior finishes one duluths tourism neighborhoods canal park.route also taken north shore inline marathon held september also drawing racers world.john beargrease sled dog marathon john beargrease sled dog marathon named winter mail carrier john beargrease annual sled dog race runs duluth grand portage.beargrease brothers among first carry mail two harbors grand marais going dogsled boat horse almost years towns connected road.competitors choose two distances mile km round trip duluth boundary waters canoe area mile km course duluth tofte.
Duluth, Minnesota	race begins billys bar northeastern duluth.run every january since regarded training ground alaskas larger elite iditarod trail sled dog race.superior hiking piedmont mountain biking trails duluth hosts mile km segment superior hiking trail also part north country national scenic trail – nations longest hiking trail.trail segment passes jay cooke state park ely peak bardon peak magney–snively old growth forest spirit mountain enger park point rocks lakewalk chester park umds bagley nature trails hartley park.features views saint louis river twin ports aerial bridge lake superior.the hilly mile km piedmont mountain biking trail crosses numerous bridges offers scenic views duluth bay.
Duluth, Minnesota	trail recommended beginner intermediate riders.skiing vertical elevation approximately feet spirit mountain minnesotas secondhighest ski hill.park includes jumps ranging feet .feet numerous rails boxes jibs.spirit mountain opened alpine coaster announced plans add zip line miniature golf snow tubing.
Duluth, Minnesota	mountain completed first norba application work began downhill mountain bike trails.the duluth area also large active nordic skiing community many parks providing excellent nordic skate skiing well classic crosscountry skiing opportunities.chester bowl skyline parkway chester park cityowned park chairlift lowest daily lift ticket prices nation .decades chester bowl also known ski jumps removed due safety concerns .sailing rowing duluth yacht rowing club.since trans superior race run every year sault ste.marie ontario duluth.
Duluth, Minnesota	distance almost mi km said worlds longest known freshwater sailboat race.duluth holding tall ships festivals since .events held every three years estimates crowded shoreline watch vintage ships enter harbor.surfing surfing popular duluth recreation lake superior shores conditions right producing high waves.a new documentary film premiere duluths surfing community.umd offers course learning surf part recreational sports outdoor program.instructors say wind blows northeast duluth becomes legitimate surf town.
Duluth, Minnesota	list park point lester river stony point local hot spots.hunting agates minnesota state gem lake superior agate found shores lake superior streams run gravel pits road cuts.duluths park point excellent area hunting.shorelines beaches replenished year winter ice storms push new material shores.books available duluth help amateur rock hounds learn agates locate them.
Duluth, Minnesota	government duluth minnesotas th congressional district represented pete stauber republican party.mayor–council form government.mayor emily larson took office duluths first female mayor.longestserving mayor duluth history samuel f. snively served .city administration makes policy proposals ninemember city council.
Duluth, Minnesota	duluths five representational districts divided precincts.district elects councilor.also four atlarge councilors representing entire city.city council elects president presides meetings.duluth heart states th legislative district represented minnesota senate jen mcewen minnesota house representatives jennifer schultz district liz olson district b members democraticfarmerlabor party long dominated citys politics.education local colleges universities include university minnesota duluth umd umd campus includes medical school.
Duluth, Minnesota	umd bulldogs division national hockey championship .schools include college st. scholastica lake superior college duluth business university.university wisconsin–superior wisconsin indianhead technical college nearby superior wisconsin.most public schools administered duluth public schools.schools open enrollment.isd independent school district number undertaking reconstruction area schools program called red plan.
Duluth, Minnesota	red plans goals reconstruction older schools meet new educational guidelines construction four new school buildings.new schools result redistricting many students.red plan contested court citizens cost implementing plan choice construction management contractor.several independent public charter schools also serve duluth students.largest duluth edison charter schools public charter school covering grades k. marshall school private college preparatory school founded duluth cathedral covers grades –.duluth four catholic schools coverage grades two protestant schools two montessori schools six charter private schools.due proximity great lakes duluth location large lakes observatory.
Duluth, Minnesota	large lakes observatory operates largest universityowned research vessel great lakes rv blue heron.built fishing grand banks blue heron purchased university minnesota sailed portland maine st. lawrence seaway duluth converted limnological research vessel winter –.blue heron part university national oceanographic laboratory system available charter research scientists great lakes.media local newspapers include monthly businessnorth twiceweekly duluth news tribune.free newspapers include transistor zenith reader weekly.locally based nationally distributed magazines include lake superior magazine new moon magazine.
Duluth, Minnesota	infrastructure transportation duluth area marks northern endpoint interstate highway stretches south laredo texas.u.s. highways serve area u.s. highway stretches la crosse wisconsin international falls u.s. highway stretches everett washington st. ignace upper peninsula michigan.southwestern part city thompson hill travelers entering duluth see duluth including aerial lift bridge waterfront.two freeway connections duluth superior.u.s. provides connection superior via richard i. bong memorial bridge interstate runs concurrently u.s. john blatnik bridge.many state highways serve area.
Duluth, Minnesota	highway runs diagonally across minnesota indirectly connecting duluth sioux falls south dakota.highway provides western bypass duluth connecting interstate comes twin cities u.s. leads iron range cities international falls.highway provides access thunder bay ontario via north shore lake superior.highway provides spur route city duluth known central entrance mesaba avenue.wisconsin highway reaches along lake superiors south shore.
Duluth, Minnesota	wisconsin highway runs along wisconsins western border miles km southern terminus wisconsin–illinois border three miles .kilometres north east dubuque.highway parts highways segments lake superior circle tour route follows lake superior minnesota ontario michigan wisconsin.the local bus system run duluth transit authority serves duluth hermantown proctor superior wisconsin.dta runs system buses manufactured gillig including new hybrids.duluth also served skyline shuttle daily service minneapolissaint paul international airport jefferson lines daily service twin cities.duluth connected minneapolis north star passenger train .proposal restore service twin cities twin ports northern lights express first made detailed plans environmental assessments completed project yet fully funded.
Duluth, Minnesota	north shore scenic railroad operated seasonal excursion trains line two harbors.former duluth missabe iron range railway part canadian national railway operates taconitehauling trains area.duluth also served bnsf railway canadian pacific railway union pacific railroad.duluth international airport serves city surrounding region daily flights minneapolis chicago.nearby municipal airports duluth sky harbor minnesota point richard i. bong airport superior.bong airport bong bridge named famed world war ii pilot highestscoring american world war ii air ace major richard ira dick bong native nearby poplar wisconsin.
Duluth, Minnesota	major highways interstate interstate u.s. highway u.s. highway minnesota state highway minnesota state highway – north shore minnesota state highway – central entrance – mesaba avenue minnesota state highway saint louis county road – rice lake road port duluthsuperior western end saint lawrence seaway duluth–superior port north americas largest farthestinland freshwater port.far largest busiest great lakes port handles average million short tons cargo visits year domestic international vessels.miles km waterfront one north americas leading bulk cargo ports ranks among top ports u.s. duluth major shipping port taconite pellets made concentrated lowgrade iron ore destined midwestern eastern steel mills.arrival schedule ships pass bridge available locals visitors gather watch enter harbor.despite size large sections great lakes freeze winter interrupting shipping january march.two types ships regularly enter port lakers salties.
Duluth, Minnesota	lakers comprise port traffic larger cargo ships built specially sail great lakes largest ones feet long.mostly selfunloaders long boom mounted upper deck.traffic limited great lakes large fit st. lawrence seaway.the salties smaller ships maximum size feet.typically sharply cutaway bows compared lakers vertical bows series cranes rising decks.small enough navigate st. lawrence seaway.
Duluth, Minnesota	size also identified color often blue red green lakers generally black rust.utilities duluth gets electric power duluthbased minnesota power subsidiary allete corporation.minnesota power produces energy generation facilities located throughout northern minnesota generation plant north dakota.latter supplies electricity mp system square butte hvdc line ends near town.minnesota power primarily uses western coal generate electricity also number small hydroelectric facilities largest thomson dam southwest duluth saint louis river.in december minnesota power began purchasing energy generated new mw oliver wind energy center built nextera resources near center n.d. minnesota power entered second year wind power purchase agreement nextera.mw facility built adjacent initial oliver county wind farm new generators began commercial operation november .construction began mw bison wind energy center near new salem n.d. bison represents first wave minnesota powerconstructed wind farms built south central north dakota linked minnesota.
Duluth, Minnesota	way mile km direct current dc transmission line.allete finalized agreement january purchase kilovolt dc line center n.d. hermantown minn. near allete headquarters duluth phase longterm contract buy coalgenerated electricity transmitted line.because wind energy demand duluth recently become port wind energy parts shipments overseas midwestern hub shipments various wind energy sites.duluths water supply sourced lake superior treated lakewood water treatment plant.plants oldest structure lakewood pumphouse built romanesque revival style replacing older facilities unable prevent typhoid epidemic.designed william patton.inch original main one two leaving facility clean treated water still use today.
Duluth, Minnesota	system supplies approximately people duluth nearby towns.throughout history duluths sewers overflowed rained causing untreated sewage flow lake superior saint louis river.example alone overflow amounted .million us gallons l imp gal.past five years city duluth taken extraordinary measures eliminate sewage overflows improvements three years ahead schedule.fire department city duluth protected paid professional firefighters city duluth fire department.
Duluth, Minnesota	duluth fire department responded fire emergency medical calls .the duluth fire department operates eight fire stations throughout city command assistant chief squad .department also operates fire apparatus fleet six engines one tower ladder two quints one heavyduty rescue two light medical response vehicles numerous special support reserve units.notable people duluth innovations duluth pack portage packs duluth pack traditional portage pack used canoe travel.specialized type backpack duluth packs nearly square order fit easily bottom canoe.duluth pack roots frenchcanadian named camille poirier.
Duluth, Minnesota	arriving duluth small stock leather tools began shoe store booming frontier town shores lake superior.small shoe shop waterfront poirier began building new style canoe pack tumpline sternum strap umbrella holder.patented poirier original duluth packs changed little since first introduced.sold backpack business company business duluth pack main outlet store canal park area.pie à la mode dessert pie à la mode slice pie topped scoop ice cream first invented named john gieriet duluth .
Duluth, Minnesota	charles watson townsends new york times obituary claimed inventor controversy developed.st. paul pioneer press reporter read townsends obituary realized times incorrectly attributed invention townsend.wanting set record straight may pioneer press ran story dessert really invented superior street restaurant duluth indicated restaurant served ice cream blueberry pie specifically.decade townsend first ordered pie ice cream new york making duluth true birthplace pie à la mode.electric elevator inventor alexander miles duluth patented electric elevator.
Duluth, Minnesota	although first elevator design important improving method opening closing elevator doors well closing opening elevator shaft elevator floors.time elevator patrons operators required manually shut door cut access shaft miles created automatic mechanism closed access.first mall united states lake view store first modern indoor mall united states.built former u.s. steel company town morgan park duluth neighborhood morgan park.estimated people toured mall opening day.
Duluth, Minnesota	building two stories full basement shops originally three levels.stores inside mall accessible inside out.first floor pharmacy department store groceries butcher shop clothing hardware furniture general store.second floor bank dentist office barbershop hair salon hat shop billiard room auditorium.basement shoe store ice making plant made eight tons ice per day.
Duluth, Minnesota	building department store owned operated u.s. steel pharmacy bank barbershop hair salon dentist privately run.chun king jenos pizza rolls bellisio frozen foods duluth home food magnate jeno paulucci.working wholesale grocer hibbing late paulucci noticed growing market prepared chinese food.borrowing friend c. started canning chow mein seasoned italian taste selling retailers label chun king.chun king came encompass entire line prepared chinese food time available grocery stores.
Duluth, Minnesota	sold enterprise million million .paulucci founded jenos inc. company sold frozen pizzas variety italian foods.notable pizza roll snack food consisting italian filling egg roll wrapper.paulucci sold jenos inc. million million .started bellisio foods leading diversified frozen food company named pauluccis familial home village bellisio solfare italy.
Duluth, Minnesota	first wholeplane parachute system certified aircraft association southern minnesota company ballistic recovery systems brs duluthbased aircraft manufacturing company cirrus aircraft developed cirrus airframe parachute system caps first wholeplane emergency parachute recovery system installed line type certified aircraft cirrus sr sr. solidfuel rocket housed fuselage used pull parachute housing deploy canopy full within seconds.designed save pilot passengers lowering entire aircraft ground case emergency structural failure.date caps saved lives.cirrus management design teams many awards efforts including joseph t. nall safety award.caps conceived cirrus founders brothers dale alan klapmeier alan survived deadly midair collision mids inspired develop device.first tested high desert southern california late author cirrus test pilot minnesota air national guard pilot scott d. anderson.
Duluth, Minnesota	anderson died following year plane crashed meters duluth international airport experimental test flight assessing changes cirrus planned use production.plane testing first production line yet equipped caps.anderson posthumously inducted minnesota aviation hall fame .popular culture great gatsby title character said taken duluth dan cody millionaire whod taken wing.cody bought ambitious yearold blue coat six pair white duck trousers yachting cap.minnesota land plenty – documentary short film james a. fitzpatrick.youll like mother – feature film shot around duluth principally glensheen historic estate.in television series starsky hutch – title character hutch hutchinson played david soul portrayed native duluth.the gore vidal novel duluth set stylized version duluth.far north – feature film shot around duluth.iron – walt disney pictures movie filmed duluth substituting winnipeg.the shortlived sitcom louie show set duluth.
Duluth, Minnesota	louie anderson played psychotherapist louie lundgren.opening title sequence featured downtown duluth buildings.battleground minnesota – documentary film presidential election minnesota.a series suspense novels author brian freeman starting immoral featuring fictional police lieutenant jonathan stride take place around duluth feature real locations city.the american sports comedy film leatherheads starring directed george clooney set duluth filmed north south carolina.film featured fictitious professional football team duluth bulldogs.the first season fx tv series fargo mainly set around bemidji duluth.sister cities duluth five sister cities see also darlings observatoryduluth modeloliver g. traphagen housefederal prison camp duluth notes references reading external links city duluthduluth area chamber commercevisit duluthdestination duluthchisholm hugh ed..
Social democracy	duluth .encyclopædia britannica th ed.. cambridge university press.policy regime described academics advocating economic social interventions promote social justice within framework liberaldemocratic polity capitalistoriented mixed economy.protocols norms used accomplish involve commitment representative participatory democracy measures income redistribution regulation economy general interest social welfare provisions.due longstanding governance social democratic parties postwar consensus influence socioeconomic policy northern western europe social democracy became associated keynesianism nordic model socialliberal paradigm welfare states within political circles late th century.described common form western modern socialism well reformist wing democratic socialism.the history social democracy stretches back thcentury socialist movement.came advocate evolutionary peaceful transition capitalism socialism using established political processes contrast revolutionary socialist approach transition associated orthodox marxism.
Social democracy	early postwar era western europe social democratic parties rejected stalinist political economic model thencurrent soviet union committing either alternative path socialism compromise capitalism socialism.period social democrats embraced mixed economy based predominance private property minority essential utilities public services public ownership.social democrats promoted keynesian economics state interventionism welfare state placing less emphasis goal replacing capitalist system factor markets private property wage labour qualitatively different socialist economic system.while retaining socialism longterm goal social democracy distinguished modern forms democratic socialism seeking humanize capitalism create conditions lead greater democratic egalitarian solidaristic outcomes.characterized commitment policies aimed curbing inequality eliminating oppression underprivileged groups eradicating poverty well support universally accessible public services like child care education elderly care health care workers compensation.strong connections labour movement trade unions supportive collective bargaining rights workers measures extend decisionmaking beyond politics economic sphere form codetermination social ownership employees stakeholders.
Social democracy	third way ostensibly aims fuse liberal economics social democratic welfare policies ideology developed sometimes associated social democratic parties analysts characterized third way part neoliberal movement.overview definition social democracy defined one many socialist traditions.political movement aims achieve socialism gradual democratic means.definition goes back influence reformist socialism ferdinand lassalle well internationalist revolutionary socialism advanced karl marx friedrich engels social democracy influenced.international political movement ideology social democracy undergone various major forms throughout history.
Social democracy	whereas th century organized marxism social democracy became organized reformism th century.policy regime social democracy entails support mixed economy ameliorative measures benefit working class within framework democratic capitalism.st century social democratic policy regime generally defined increase welfare policies increase public services may used synonymously nordic model.in political science democratic socialism social democracy largely seen synonyms distinguished journalistic use.democratic socialist definition social democracy ideology seeking gradually build alternative socialist economy institutions liberal democracy.starting postwar period social democracy defined policy regime advocating reformation capitalism align ethical ideals social justice.
Social democracy	th century encompassed wide variety nonrevolutionary revolutionary currents socialism excluded anarchism.early th century social democracy came refer support gradual process developing socialism existing political structures opposition revolutionary means achieving socialism favour reformism.political party social democratic name socialist parties several countries.term came associated positions german swedish parties.first advocated revisionist marxism second advocated comprehensive welfare state.
Social democracy	st century parties advocating social democracy include labour left green parties.social democratic parties consider democratic socialists categorized socialist parties.continue make references socialism either postcapitalist order ethical terms society described representing democratic socialism without explicit reference economic system structure.parties social democratic party germany swedish social democratic party describe goal development democratic socialism social democracy serving principle action.st century european social democratic parties represent centreleft part european socialist party democratic socialist parties left within party european left.
Social democracy	many social democratic parties members socialist international including several democratic socialist parties whose frankfurt declaration declares goal development democratic socialism.others also part progressive alliance founded contemporary former member parties socialist international.what socialists anarchists communists social democrats syndicalists social democratic proponents third way share common history specifically traced back individuals groups literature first international retained terminology symbolism colour red.far society intervene whether government particularly existing government correct vehicle change issues disagreement.historical dictionary socialism summarizes general criticisms social effects private ownership control capital general view solution problems lay form collective control degree control varying among proponents socialism means production distribution exchange agreement outcomes collective control society provided social equality justice economic protection generally satisfying life people.socialism became catchall term critics capitalism industrial society.
Social democracy	social democrats anticapitalists insofar criticism poverty low wages unemployment economic social inequality lack economic security linked private ownership means production.terminology th century social democrat broad catchall international socialists owing basic ideological allegiance lassalle marx contrast advocating various forms utopian socialism.one first scholarly works european socialism written american audience richard t. elys book french german socialism modern times social democrats characterized extreme wing socialists inclined lay much stress equality enjoyment regardless value ones labor might perhaps properly called communists.many parties era described social democrat including general german workers association social democratic workers party germany merged form social democratic party germany social democratic federation britain russian social democratic labour party.social democrat continued used context time bolshevik revolution october time communist came vogue individuals organizations espousing revolutionary road socialism.social democracy social democratic remains controversial among socialists.
Social democracy	define representing marxist faction noncommunist socialists rightwing socialism split communism.others noted pejorative use among communists socialists.according lyman tower sargent socialism refers social theories rather theories oriented individual.many communists call democratic socialists sometimes difficult know political label really means.result social democratic become common new label democratic socialist political parties.
Social democracy	marxist revisionism marxist revisionist eduard bernsteins views influenced laid groundwork development postwar social democracy policy regime labour revisionism neorevisionism third way.definition social democracy focused ethical terms type socialism advocated ethical liberal.bernstein described socialism social democracy particular organized liberalism sense liberalism predecessor precursor socialism whose restricted view freedom socialized democracy must entails social democracy.social democrats still describe see socialists socialism used ethical moral terms representing democracy egalitarianism social justice rather specifically socialist economic system.type definition social democracys goal advancing values within capitalist market economy support mixed economy longer denotes coexistence private public ownership planning market mechanisms rather represents free markets combined government intervention regulations.social democracy seen revision orthodox marxism although described misleading modern social democracy.
Social democracy	distinguish ideological social democracy part broad socialist movement social democracy policy regime.first called classical social democracy classical socialism contrasted competitive socialism liberal socialism neosocial democracy new social democracy.epithet usage social democracy often conflated administrative command economy authoritarian socialism big government marxist–leninist states soviettype economic planning state interventionism state socialism.notable united states socialism become pejorative used conservatives libertarians taint liberal progressive policies proposals public figures.confusions caused socialist definition also capitalist definition.
Social democracy	since economic liberals margaret thatcher supported small government laissezfaire capitalist market economy opposing economic interventionism government regulations social democratic policies.resulted socialism extension social democracy defined countries like norway united kingdom labour government reflecting moderate shift nationalization policies state regulation.with rise neoliberalism late early social democrats incorporated third way adopted economic liberal policies s. many social democrats opposed third way overlap democratic socialists commitment democratic alternative capitalism postcapitalist economy.social democrats criticized third way antisocialist neoliberal antisocial democratic practice.democratic socialists others rejected third ways centrism political centre moved decidedly right neoliberal years.third way era parties labour party britain social democratic party germany described practice indistinguishable centreright neoliberal.
Social democracy	philosophy form reformist democratic socialism social democracy rejects eitheror interpretation capitalism versus socialism.claims fostering progressive evolution capitalism gradually result evolution capitalist economy socialist economy.citizens legally entitled certain social rights made universal access public services education health care workers compensation services including child care care elderly.social democrats advocate freedom discrimination based differences abilitydisability age ethnicity gender language race religion sexual orientation social class.later life karl marx friedrich engels came argue countries workers might able achieve aims peaceful means.sense engels argued socialists evolutionists although marx engels remained committed social revolution.
Social democracy	developing social democracy eduard bernstein rejected revolutionary materialist foundations orthodox marxism.rather class conflict socialist revolution bernsteins marxist revisionism reflected socialism could achieved cooperation people regardless class.nonetheless bernstein paid deference marx describing father social democracy declaring necessary revise marxs thought light changing conditions.influenced gradualist platform favoured fabian movement britain bernstein came advocate similar evolutionary approach socialist politics termed evolutionary socialism.evolutionary means include representative democracy cooperation people regardless class.
Social democracy	bernstein accepted marxist analysis creation socialism interconnected evolution capitalism.august bebel bernstein engels wilhelm liebknecht marx carl wilhelm tölcke considered founding fathers social democracy germany especially bernstein lassalle along labourists reformists louis blanc france led widespread association social democracy socialist reformism.lassalle reformist state socialist bernstein predicted longterm coexistence democracy mixed economy reforming capitalism socialism argued socialists needed accept this.mixed economy would involve public cooperative private enterprises would necessary long period time private enterprises evolve accord cooperative enterprises.bernstein supported state ownership certain parts economy could best managed state rejected mass scale state ownership burdensome manageable.bernstein advocate kantian socialism neokantianism.
Social democracy	although unpopular early views became mainstream world war i.in future socialism anthony crosland argued traditional capitalism reformed modified almost existence quite different form society socialists must concern themselves.prewar anticapitalism give us little help new kind capitalism required new kind socialism.crosland believed features reformed managerial capitalism irreversible argued within labour party others margaret thatcher ronald reagan brought reversal s. although postwar consensus represented period social democracy buoyant argued postwar social democracy altogether confident analysis gains thought permanent turned conditional reservoir capitalist growth showed signs drying up.socialism crosland argued much achieved labour government office labour pressure opposition.dogged resistance change pitted stronger change.

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