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Deterrence theory | significance conventional deterrence latin america march–april .waltz kenneth n. nuclear myths political realities.american political science review.vol.no.sep pp. |
Deterrence theory | –.external links nuclear deterrence theory nuclear deterrence myth streaming video lecture professor john vasquez program arms control disarmament international security acdis university illinois september .deterrence today – roles challenges responses analysis lewis a. dunn ifri proliferation papers n° revisiting nuclear deterrence theory donald c. whitmore – march nuclear deterrence missile defenses global instability david krieger april bibliographymaintaining nuclear deterrence st century senate republican policy committeenuclear files.org description analysis nuclear deterrence theorynuclear files.org speech us general lee butler risks nuclear deterrencenuclear files.org speech sir joseph rotblat nobel peace laureate ethical dimensions deterrencethe universal formula successful deterrence charles sutherland .predictive tool deterrence strategies.will eagle strangle dragon analysis chinese nuclear deterrence altered u.s. bmd system trends east asia no.february .when deterrence necessary gauging adversary intent gary schaubjr.strategic studies quarterly winter significance conventional deterrence latin americau.s. |
Richard Marcinko | nuclear deterrence policy united states department defensefirst commanding officer seal team six.retiring united states navy became author radio talk show host military consultant motivational speaker.early life education marcinko born november lansford pennsylvania croatian slovak descent.father croat herzegovina mother slovakia.young age family moved new brunswick new jersey.after dropping high school marcinko tried enlist united states marines rejected due lack high school diploma. |
Richard Marcinko | marcinko successfully enlisted united states navy september radioman.accepted underwater demolition team replacement udtr training june graduated class october .marcinko served udt selected officer commission .graduating officer candidate school december commissioned ensign.later reassigned seal team two june .he also received bachelor arts degree international relations u.s. naval postgraduate school master arts degree political science auburn university montgomery. |
Richard Marcinko | naval career vietnam war january marcinko deployed vietnam nd platoon seal team two six month tour duty.may marcinko led men assault ilo ilo hon ilo ilo island killed large number viet cong destroyed six sampans.action would come called successful seal operation mekong delta u.s. navy.leading mission marcinko awarded silver star first four bronze stars well vietnamese cross gallantry.marcinko returned vietnam seal team two months stateside officerincharge th platoon dec june .tet offensive marcinko ordered platoon assist u.s. army special forces châu đốc. |
Richard Marcinko | began urban street battle turned rescue mission american nurses schoolteacher trapped citys church hospital.after completing second tour vietnam twoyear stateside staff assignment marcinko promoted lieutenant commander assigned naval attache cambodia .serving cambodia months marcinko returned stateside assumed command seal team two .seal team six iran hostage crisis marcinko one two navy representatives joint chiefs staff task force known tat terrorist action team.purpose tat develop plan free american hostages held iran culminated operation eagle claw.wake debacle navy saw need fulltime dedicated counterterrorist team tasked marcinko design development.marcinko selected chief naval operations admiral thomas b. hayward first commanding officer new unit. |
Richard Marcinko | time navy two seal teams.marcinko purportedly named unit seal team six order confuse nations specifically soviet union believing united states least three seal teams unaware of.personally selected units members across existing seal underwater demolition teams including special counterterrorist tactics section seal team two codenamed mob.seal team six would navys premier counterterrorist hostage rescue unit like army counterpart delta force.typically twoyear command marcinko commanded seal team six three years august july . |
Richard Marcinko | red cell relinquishing command seal team six cdr robert gormly marcinko tasked vice admiral james ace lyons deputy chief naval operations design unit test navys vulnerability terrorism.unit naval security coordination team opd unofficially named red cell.personal life kickback trial imprisonment marcinko indicted conspiracy conflict interest lying government july connection kickback paid ramco international company set marcinko former seal john b. mason accuracy systems phoenix arizonabased arms manufacturer owned charles m. byers.byers convicted conspiracy conflict interest october marcinko acquitted conflict interest.he convicted conspiracy defraud government january .jury trial also acquitted marcinko separate count bribery.on march marcinko sentenced months federal prison fined charges defrauding government price contractor acquisitions hand grenades. |
Richard Marcinko | marcinko maintained subject witchhunt work red cell fraud committed revealed weaknesses military security.marcinko detailed arrest confinement last chapters autobiography.civilian life marcinko published vhs dvd movie account red cell operations.his experiences led write autobiography new york times bestselling rogue warrior subsequent fictional sequels cowritten ghostwriter john weisman.weisman coauthored threebook series leadership management teambuilding business executives.at time death ceo red cell international formerly sos temps inc. private security consulting firm based washington d.c. politically conservative talk radio show america watch dick marcinko broadcast live.spokesman zodiac boat companys zodiac maritime training academy served consultant foxs television series . |
Richard Marcinko | briefly collaborated strider knives series knife designs referred rw signifying rogue warrior .death marcinko died heart attack home fauquier county virginia december age .awards decorations bibliography nonfiction rogue warrior john weisman isbn leadership secrets rogue warrior commandos guide success john weisman isbn rogue warriors strategy success isbn xthe real team john weisman isbn fiction marcinkos fiction adventure novels depict recounting events story happen timeline autobiography starting point.john weisman cowrote red cell detachment bravo .jim defelice became writing partner vengeance blood lies.red cell – three years conviction marcinko works security expert japan. |
Richard Marcinko | chance runin nuclear smuggling operation narita airport leads brought back navy investigate.team seals uncover plot former secretary defense deliver american nuclear warheads ultraright wing japanese movement.green team – british aircraft carrier bombed decommissioning ceremonies killing head british admiralty us chief naval operations.marcinkos group called green team sent track clues bombing part plan british noble arabic descent incite major islamic fundamentalist campaign west.task force blue – months events green team marcinkos group rescues secretary navy violent militia group runs afoul cowardly politicians.covert backing current jcs chairman team probes militias connections subsequent theft weapons national guard armories.discover weapons meant arm militias across country american revolutionstyle war whose kickoff timed anniversary waco siege.designation gold – marcinko discovers one close friends whose son marcinko agreed godfather killed russia goes mission find it. |
Richard Marcinko | digging uncovers clues plan arm syria weapons mass destruction use israel.seal force alpha – marcinkos seals raid chinese freighter south china sea discover shipping weapons rebel movements across southeast asia plus carrying several advanced usmade electronic countermeasures systems.plot led corrupt u.s. exdiplomat highranking pla general ultimately requires seals stop planned invasion taiwan china.option delta – entrapment operation mediterranean uncovers evidence leads recent neonazi activity germany connections leading business magnate planned coup détat.help friend leading germanys elite ksk special forces group marcinkos men attack castle black forest stolen nuclear weapons stored.echo platoon – marcinko contracted train azerbaijans security forces successful rescue operation oil complex caspian sea.evidence points iranianrussian plan corner caspians oil deposits rogue warriors team turn tide.detachment bravo – several top executives us britain killed highprofile attacks green defenders irish republican army splinter group wrecks good friday peace accords.running joint usuk group special operations soldiers support fbi nsa marcinko scrambles stop green defenders carry another international terrorist attack problem lack details attack take place whos target.violence action – marcinko takes time selfreflection. |
Richard Marcinko | nuclear shipment hijacked marcinko springs action team security experts stop former army colonel threatening nuclear annihilation portland oregon.vengeance – marcinkos private security team contracted run antiterrorist security exercises various us facilities test vulnerability consternation department homeland security.however someone sending marcinko certain messages revenge directed discovers loved one someone killed head.holy terror – marcinkos private security company red cell international oversees top nato conference vatican kills waiter attempting bomb meeting.later sees attack part major campaign catholic church.dictators ransom – read marcinkos books north korean leader kim jongil hires bring back illegitimate son whos gone missing.marcinkos subtly convinced cia take assignment initially resisting temptation kims million reward things get muddled lover one associates holds missing child hostage return north korean nuclear weapon.seize day – casual observation marcinko leads one believe pass slightly younger fidel castro cia lead talent fake video castros last testament send cuba circulation insights one former dictators barbers.however deathbedridden castro game play using cuban refugees us viral carriers marcinkos illegitimate son crossfire.domino theory – marcinkos security company hired oversee security preparations commonwealth games india. |
Richard Marcinko | explosion nearby indian army base gets attention base nuclearweapon storage site.discovered pakistani group aims hijack indias nukes.blood lies – marcinko contracted head mexico rescue former seals daughter kidnapped mexican drug cartels.investigations realestate subdivision south border scammed american senior citizens later point cartels sheltering hezbollah militants plan kill us secretary state alluded hillary clintonrogue warrior curse infidel – botched cia sting operation targeting alqaedabacked terrorist cell deep money laundering marcinkos red cell international somehow included mix leads seal team six coming rescue.little everyone know cell connected plan detonate cruise liner right inside us harbor.marcinkos private security operatives join forces seal six stop threat time bring sixs original seals battle. |
Richard Marcinko | articles ethics war terrorism world defense review july filmography advisory g.i.janethe rock season participatory red cell vhs special edition dvdadvanced hostage rescue vhs dvdnavy seal tides specwar dvd video game marcinko partnered bethesda softworks publish rogue warrior xbox ps pc.marcinko protagonist voiced actor mickey rourke.game marcinko sent classified mission north korea disrupt antiballistic missile program.released december game critically panned critics citing poor ai excessive use expletives numerous bugs poor graphics short singleplayer mode limited multiplayer mode. |
Uyghur genocide | since release rogue warrior listed one worst video games time.see also cambodian navy sealscharles alvin beckwithharry humphriesvong sarendytiger team references external links interview sharkman w. thomas smith jr.liberty watch interview mp liberty watch show america armed freecnnsince chinese government administration chinese communist party ccp general secretary xi jinping pursued policies incarcerated estimated one million turkic muslims internment camps without legal process.largestscale detention ethnic religious minorities since world war ii.thousands mosques destroyed damaged hundreds thousands children forcibly separated parents sent boarding schools.government policies included arbitrary detention uyghurs statesponsored internment camps forced labor suppression uyghur religious practices political indoctrination severe illtreatment forced sterilization forced contraception forced abortion.chinese government statistics reported birth rates mostly uyghur regions hotan kashgar fell .period birth rate whole country decreased .. chinese authorities acknowledged birth rates dropped almost third xinjiang denied reports forced sterilization genocide. |
Uyghur genocide | birth rates xinjiang fell compared nationwide decrease ..at first actions described forced assimilation xinjiang ethnocide cultural genocide.details emerged governments activists ngos human rights experts academics termed genocide pointing intentional acts committed chinese government say run afoul article ii genocide convention.chinese government publicly denies committed human rights abuses xinjiang.international reactions varied.united nations un member states issued statements united nations human rights council condemning chinas policies others supported chinas policies.december international criminal court declined investigate china jurisdictional grounds. |
Uyghur genocide | united states first country declare human rights abuses genocide announcing finding january .legislatures several countries passed nonbinding motions describing chinas actions genocide including house commons canada dutch parliament house commons united kingdom seimas lithuania french national assembly.parliaments new zealand belgium czech republic condemned chinese governments treatment uyghurs severe human rights abuses crimes humanity.background uyghur identity uyghurs turkic ethnic group native xinjiang.distinct han chinese predominant ethnic group china. |
Uyghur genocide | uyghurs secondlargest predominantly muslim ethnicity china islam important aspect uyghur identity.uyghur language around million speakers shared minority groups region.xinjiang conflict uyghurs predominantly han government lay claim xinjiang.prompted ethnic conflict featuring resistance sporadic violence uyghurs sought greater autonomy.sinologists anna hayes michael clarke described xinjiang undergoing process transition chinese government attempted transform frontier region integral province unitary chinese state. |
Uyghur genocide | imperial china historically chinese dynasties exerted control parts modernday xinjiang.region came chinese rule result westward expansion manchuled qing dynasty also saw conquests tibet mongolia.xinjiang peripheral part qing empire briefly regained independence dungan revolt –.republican era – region semiautonomous republic chinas warlord era – parts controlled kumul khanate clique later warlord jin shuren.breakaway first east turkestan republic established kumul rebellion conquered following year warlord sheng shicai help soviet aid. |
Uyghur genocide | ili rebellion led establishment second east turkestan republic dependent soviet union absorbed peoples republic china .peoples republic china – chinese government sponsored mass migration han chinese xinjiang introduced policies designed suppress cultural identity religion region.period uyghur independence organizations emerged support soviet union east turkestan peoples party largest .soviets supported united revolutionary front east turkestan urfet han chinese.during deng xiaoping prc pursued new policy cultural liberalization xinjiang adopted flexible language policy nationally.despite positive response among party officials minority groups chinese government viewed policy unsuccessful mids official pluralistic language policy became increasingly subordinate covert policy minority assimilation motivated geopolitical concerns. |
Uyghur genocide | consequently xinjiang particularly multilingualism cultural pluralism restricted favor monolingual monocultural model turn helped embed strengthen oppositional uyghur identity.attempts chinese state encourage economic development region exploiting natural resources led ethnic tension discontent within xinjiang regions lack autonomy.april violent uprising barin near kashgar suppressed peoples liberation army pla involving large number deaths.writing political scientist barry sautman considered policies designed reduce inequality han chinese ethnic minorities xinjiang unsuccessful eliminating conflicts shaped paternalistic hierarchical approach ethnic relations adopted chinese government.in february police roundup execution suspected separatists ramadan led large demonstrations led pla crackdown protesters resulting least nine deaths became known ghulja incident.ürümqi bus bombings later month killed nine people injured uyghur exile groups claiming responsibility. |
Uyghur genocide | march bus bomb killed two people responsibility claimed uyghur separatists turkeybased organisation east turkistan freedom.the july ürümqi riots broke response shaoguan incident violent dispute uyghur han chinese workers factory resulted one hundred deaths.following riots uyghur terrorists killed dozens han chinese coordinated attacks .included september xinjiang unrest hotan attack kunming attack april ürümqi attack may ürümqi attack.attacks conducted uyghur separatists orchestrated turkistan islamic party undesignated terrorist organization formerly called east turkistan islamic movement.government policies initial strike hard campaign violent terrorism runup beijing olympics chinese state began emphasize weiwen stability maintenance led intensification repression across country. |
Uyghur genocide | within party warned increased action combat instability might even exist could lead spiral repression unrest.in april july ürümqi riots zhang chunxian replaced former ccp secretary wang lequan behind religious policies xinjiang years.following unrest party theorists began call implementing monocultural society single staterace would allow china become new type superpower.policies goal first implemented zhang chunxian.following attack yunnan province xi jinping told politburo unite people build copper iron wall terrorism make terrorists like rats scurrying across street everybody shouting beat april xi traveled xinjiang told police kashgar must harsh show absolutely mercy.suicide bombing occurred ürümqi last day visit.in secret meeting communist party leadership held beijing find solution problem would become known strike hard campaign violent terrorism. |
Uyghur genocide | may china publicly launched campaign xinjiang response growing tensions han chinese uyghur populations xinjiang.announcing campaign ccp general secretary xi jinping stated practice proved partys ruling strategy xinjiang correct must maintained long run.in brief window opportunity uyghurs passports leave china many leave relatives children without passports behind.many families reunited.following guidance beijing party leadership xinjiang commenced peoples war three evil forces separatism terrorism extremism.deployed two hundred thousand party cadres xinjiang launched civil servantfamily pair program.xi dissatisfied initial results peoples war replaced zhang chunxian chen quanguo . |
Uyghur genocide | following appointment chen oversaw recruitment tens thousands additional police officers division society three categories trusted average untrustworthy.instructed subordinates take crackdown top project preempt enemy strike outset.regulations since following meeting xi beijing chen quanguo held rally ürümqi ten thousand troops helicopters armored vehicles.paraded announced smashing obliterating offensive declared would bury corpses terrorists terror gangs vast sea peoples war.ordered round everyone rounded april mass arrests begun.new bans regulations implemented april . |
Uyghur genocide | abnormally long beards wearing veils public banned.watching staterun television listening radio broadcasts refusing abide family planning policies refusing allow ones children attend staterun schools prohibited.alleged reeducation efforts began expanded .chen ordered camps managed like military defended like prison.time internment camps built housing students reeducation programs uyghurs.chinese government acknowledge existence called vocational education training centers. |
Uyghur genocide | government began referring vocational training centers.camps tripled size despite chinese government stating detainees released.in chinas ministry public security began procure racebased monitoring systems could reportedly identify whether individual uyghur.despite questionable accuracy allowed uyghur alarm added surveillance systems.enhanced border controls also implemented guilt presumed absence evidence according zhu hailun said suspected terrorism cannot ruled border control implemented insure persons arrest.in foreign journalists china reported restricted prohibited reporting xinjiang .propaganda campaign chinese government engaged propaganda campaign defend actions xinjiang. |
Uyghur genocide | china initially denied existence xinjiang internment camps attempted coverup existence.widespread reporting forced admit xinjiang internment camps exist chinese government initiated campaign portray camps humane deny human rights abuses occurred xinjiang.propaganda campaign expanded due rising international backlash government policies xinjiang chinese government worrying longer control narrative.chinese authorities responded allegations abuse uyghur women mounting attacks credibility character.included disclosure confidential medical data personal information attempt slander witnesses undermine testimony.commentators suggested goal attacks silence criticism rather refute specific claims made critics. |
Uyghur genocide | presentations given xinjiangs publicity department ministry foreign affairs dispel allegations abuse closed foreign journalists feature prerecorded questions well prerecorded monologues people xinjiang including relatives witnesses.chinese government propaganda attacks also targeted international journalists covering human rights abuses xinjiang.providing coverage critical chinese government abuses xinjiang bbc news reporter john sudworth subjected campaign propaganda harassment chinese stateaffiliated ccpaffiliated media.public attacks resulted sudworth wife yvonne murray reports raidió teilifís éireann fleeing china taiwan fearing safety.the chinese government used social media part extensive propaganda campaign.china spent heavily purchase facebook advertisements order spread propaganda designed incite doubt existence scope human rights violations occurring within xinjiang.douyin mainland chinese sister app bytedanceowned social media app tiktok presents users significant amounts chinese state propaganda pertaining human rights abuses xinjiang. |
Uyghur genocide | july early august ccpowned tabloid global times paid twitter promote tweets denied chinese government committing human rights abuses xinjiang twitter later banned advertising statecontrolled media outlets august removing large numbers probeijing bots social network.in april chinese government released propaganda videos titled xinjiang wonderful land released musical titled wings songs portrayed xinjiang harmonious peaceful.wings songs portrays rural idyll ethnic cohesion devoid repression mass surveillance without islam.counterterrorism justification china used global war terror frame separatist ethnic unrest acts islamist terrorism legitimize policies xinjiang.scholars sean roberts david tobin described islamophobia fear terrorism discourses used within china justify repressive policies targeting uyghurs arguing violence uyghurs seen context chinese colonialism rather exclusively part antiterrorism campaign.arienne dwyer written us war terror gave china opportunity characterise conflate uyghur nationalism terrorism particularity use staterun media.dwyer argues influence fundamentalist forms islam salafism within xinjiang overstated china tempered uyghur sufism.in december associated press reported china effectively expelled ursula gauthier french journalist questioning official line equating ethnic violence western muslim region global terrorism. |
Uyghur genocide | gauthier first foreign journalist forced leave china since subject ap described abusive intimidating campaign chinese state media accused hurt feelings chinese people chinese foreign ministry spokesman accused emboldening terrorism.in august united nations committee elimination racial discrimination decried broad definition terrorism vague references extremism used chinese legislation noting numerous reports detention large numbers ethnic uyghurs muslim minorities pretext countering terrorism.in editorial board wall street journal sam brownback nathan sales said chinese government consistently misused counterterrorism pretext cultural suppression human rights abuses.in shirzat bawudun former head xinjiang department justice sattar sawut former head xinjiang education department sentenced death two years reprieve terrorism extremism charges.three educators two textbook editors given lesser sentences.cultural effects mosques mosques muslim shrines cemeteries xinjiang target systematic destruction.estimated mosques destroyed damaged minarets knocked decorative features scrubbed away painted over.in human rights watch reported information scattered official sources suggests retaliation mosques sponsored chinese state prevalent xinjiang party secretary expressed uyghurs build new places religious activities.chinese government prohibited minors participating religious activities xinjiang manner according human rights watch basis chinese law.according analysis guardian onethird mosques religious sites china suffered significant structural damage nearly onesixth mosques shrines completely razed. |
Uyghur genocide | included tomb imam asim mud tomb taklamakan desert ordam shrine mazar ali arslan khan.according guardian uyghur muslims believe repeated pilgrimages tombs fulfill muslims obligation complete hajj.id kah mosque xinjiang chinas largest.radio free asia united states governmentfunded broadcaster reported plaque containing quranic scriptures long hung outside front entrance mosque removed authorities.turghunjan alawudun director world uyghur congress stated plaque removed one aspect chinese regimes evil policies meant eliminate islamic faith among uyghurs... uyghurs themselves.bellingcat reported systematic repression imprisonment muslim uighur minority xinjiang destruction cultural religiously significant islamic buildings province may part ongoing repression. |
Uyghur genocide | anna fifield independent wrote kashgar longer working mosques globe mail reported services id kah mosque turned tourist attraction staged give foreign visitors impression religion practiced freely mosque attendance significantly dropped.education schools xinjiang transitioned officials called policy bilingual education.primary medium instruction standard chinese hours week devoted uyghur literature.despite policy han children taught speak uyghur.uyghur students increasingly attending residential schools far home communities cannot speak uyghur.according report radio free asia rfa monolingual chinese language education introduced influential high school kashgar formerly provided bilingual education.sayragul sauytbay ethnic kazakh teacher later fled china described forced teach internment camp saying camp cramped unhygienic detainee students given basic sustenance. |
Uyghur genocide | sauytbay added authorities forced detainees learn chinese sit indoctrination classes make public confessions.mentioned rape torture commonplace authorities forced detainees take medicine left individuals sterile cognitively impaired.in standard uyghur language textbooks used xinjiang since early outlawed authors editors sentenced death life imprisonment separatism charges.textbooks created approved relevant government officials however according ap chinese government said editions textbooks contained passages preaching ethnic separatism violence terrorism religious extremism several people inspired books participate bloody antigovernment riot regional capital urumqi .detained academics religious figures uyghur human rights project identified uyghur intellectuals imprisoned detained disappeared since early .uyghur economist ilham tohti sentenced life prison .amnesty international called sentence unjustified deplorable. |
Uyghur genocide | rahile dawut prominent uyghur anthropologist studied preserved islamic shrines traditional songs folklore disappeared.rfa reported chinese government jailed uyghur imam abduheber ahmet took son religious school sanctioned state.reported ahmet previously lauded china fivestar imam sentenced five years prison action.cemeteries september agence francepresse afp visited destroyed cemeteries across four cities witnessed exposed bones remaining four them.examination satellite images press agency determined grave destruction campaign ongoing decade.according previous afp report three cemeteries xayar county among dozens uyghur cemeteries destroyed xinjiang . |
Uyghur genocide | unearthed human bones cemeteries xayar county discarded.january cnn report based analysis google maps satellite imagery said chinese authorities destroyed graveyards xinjiang primarily uyghur ones.cnn linked destruction cemeteries governments campaign control uyghurs muslims broadly.chinese government claimed cemetery tomb destruction relocations due lack maintenance dead reinterred new standardized cemeteries.this part chinas campaign effectively eradicate evidence effectively make us like han chinese.... thats theyre destroying historical sites cemeteries disconnect us history fathers ancestors.among destroyed cemeteries sultanim cemetery °′″n °′″e central uyghur historical graveyard generations burials sacred shrine hotan city demolished converted parking lot . |
Uyghur genocide | china global television network cgtn chinese stateowned international channel affiliated chinese communist party said graves relocated.marriage according gender studies expert leta hong fincher chinese government offered uyghur couples incentives fewer children women marry nonuyghurs.according outreach coordinator u.s.based uyghur human rights project zubayra shamseden chinese government wants erase uighur culture identity remaking women.marriages uyghurs han encouraged government subsidies.august local authorities cherchen county qiemo county announced incentive measures encouraging uighurchinese intermarriage including cny us cash reward per annum first five years intermarried couples well preferential treatment employment housing plus free education couples parents offspring.county ccp secretary zhu xin remarkedour advocacy intermarriage promoting positive energy ... promoting establishment social structure community environment ethnic groups embedded ... boost great unity ethnic fusion development ethnic groups xinjiang finally realize china dream great rejuvenation chinese nationin october marriage han man henan province uyghur woman lop county celebrated countys social media pagethey let ethnic unity forever bloom heartslet ethnic unity become ones flesh blood.university washington anthropologist china expert darren byler said social media campaign marry uyghur women han men indicated certain racialized power dynamic part process commenting seem though effort produce greater assimilation diminish ethnic difference pulling uighurs handominated relationships.according rfa reports march salamet memetimin ethnic uyghur communist party secretary chaka townships bekchan village qira county hotan prefecture relieved duties taking nikah marriage vows home. |
Uyghur genocide | interviews rfa residents officials shufu county kona sheher kashgar prefecture kashi stated longer possible perform traditional uyghur nikah marriage rites county.clothing chinese authorities discourage wearing headscarves veils customary islamic attire.may protest broke alakaga alaqagha alahage kuqa kuchar kuche aksu prefecture women schoolgirls detained wearing headscarves.according local official two died five injured police fired protesters.subsequently washington post team detained alakaga ultimately deported region.documents leaked xinjiang internment camps noted inmates detained wearing traditional clothing. |
Uyghur genocide | childrens names rfa reported list banned names children called naming rules ethnic minorities promulgated hotan banning potential names including islam quran mecca jihad imam saddam hajj medina.use list later extended throughout xinjiang.legislation made illegal give children names chinese government deemed exaggerate religious fervor.prohibition included ban naming children muhammad.human rights abuses inside internment camps mass detention xinjiang internment camps part chinese governments strategy govern xinjiang detention ethnic minorities en masse.in former xinjiang police officer confessed reporters police planned raid uyghur village would sometimes arrange entire village gather meeting chief police could show arrest everyone times police would go doortodoor rifles pull residents homes overnight. |
Uyghur genocide | police arrested people would interrogate beat every man woman child age kneel floor crying.researchers organizations made various estimates number xinjiang internment camp detainees.united nations committee elimination racial discrimination vice chairperson gay mcdougall indicated around million uyghurs held internment camps.september chinese government white paper revealed average .million workers went vocational training per year though specify many people received training camps many times went training.adrian zenz stated gives us possible scope coercive labor occurring xinjiang. |
Uyghur genocide | multiple reports mass deaths occurred inside camps.in march adrian zenz told united nations .million uyghurs detained camps saying number accounted increases size scope detention region public reporting stories uyghur exiles family interment camps.july zenz wrote paper published journal political risk .million uyghurs extrajudicially detained described equivalent one six adult members turkic predominantly muslim minority group xinjiang.november zenz estimated number internment camps xinjiang surpassed . |
Uyghur genocide | july zenz wrote foreign policy estimate increased since november estimating total .million uyghurs muslim minorities extrajudicially detained described largest incarceration ethnoreligious minority since holocaust arguing chinese government engaging policies violation united nations convention prevention punishment crime genocide.according study joanne smith finley political reeducation involves coercive sinicization deaths camps malnutrition unsanitary conditions withheld medical care violence beatings rape male female prisoners since end transfers recalcitrant prisoners – usually young religious males – highsecurity prisons xinjiang inner china.camp graduates sent securitized forced labour.remain outside camps terrified religious cultural selfcensorship threat internment.ethan gutmann estimated december percent detainees died year camps.torture china subjected uyghurs living xinjiang torture. |
Uyghur genocide | former chinese police detective exiled europe revealed cnn details systematic torture uyghurs detention camps xinjiang acts participated feared arrest dissented.mihrigul tursun young uyghur mother said tortured subjected brutal conditions.tursun gave interview described experience camps drugged interrogated days without sleep subjected intrusive medical examinations strapped chair received electric shocks.third time sent camp since .tursun told reporters remembered interrogators tell uighur crime.spokesperson chinese foreign ministry hua chunying stated tursun taken custody police suspicion inciting ethnic hatred discrimination period lasting days denies tursun ever detained internment camp.another past detainee kayrat samarkand said made wear called iron clothes suit made metal weighed pounds kg... forced arms legs outstretched position. |
Uyghur genocide | couldnt move back terrible pain...they made people wear thing break spirits.hours became soft quiet lawful.waterboarding reportedly among forms torture used part indoctrination process.compulsory sterilizations contraception reports forced sterilization xinjiang began surface.zumrat dwut uyghur woman says forcibly sterilized tubal ligation time camp husband able get requests pakistani diplomats.xinjiang regional government denies forcibly sterilized.in april exiled uyghur doctor gülgine reported forced sterilization ethnic uyghurs persisted since s. since indication sharp increase sterilization uyghur women ensure uyghurs would remain minority region. |
Uyghur genocide | gülgine said days surgeries carry forced sterilizations.presented intrauterine devices iuds remarked devices inserted womens wombs forcibly cause infertility.brainwashing former detainee kayrat samarkand described camp routine article npr addition living cramped quarters says inmates sing songs praising chinese leader xi jinping allowed eat.says detainees forced memorize list calls lies religion religion opium religion bad must believe religion must believe communist party remembers.communist party could lead bright future.documents leaked new york times anonymous chinese official advised students ask whether missing parents committed crime told thinking infected unhealthy thoughts. |
Uyghur genocide | freedom possible virus thinking eradicated good health.the heritage foundation reported children whose parents detained camps often sent staterun orphanages brainwashed forget ethnic roots.even parents detained uyghur children need move inner china immerse han culture chinese governments xinjiang classrooms policy.in gulbahar haitiwaji reported coerced denouncing family daughter photographed protest paris.forced labor according quartz xinjiang region described uyghur human rights project cotton gulag prison labor present steps cotton supply chain... however textile labour present.tahir hamut uyghur worked labor camp elementary school child later worked labor camp adult performing tasks picking cotton shoveling gravel making bricks.everyone forced types hard labor face punishment said.anyone unable complete duties beaten.in december investigative report buzzfeed news revealed forced labor vast scale almost certainly taking place inside xinjiang internment camps factory facilities identified within camps covering million square feet . |
Uyghur genocide | km land.report noted fourteen million square feet new factories built alone within camps former detainees said never given choice working earned pittance pay all.a chinese website hosted baidu posted job listings transferring uyghur laborers batches people.five year plan xinjiang government official labour transfer programme provide employment opportunities surplus rural labour force.batches uyghurs halfmilitary style management direct supervision.seafood processing plant owner said uyghur workforce factory left xinjiang due covid pandemic paid housed properly. |
Uyghur genocide | least companies found profited uyghur labor.company responses included pledges ensuring happen checking supply lines marks spencer.samsung said would ensure previous controls ensured good work conditions code conduct.apple esprit fila offers responses related inquiries.the chinese government reported pressured foreign companies reject claims abuses.apple asked chinese government censor uyghurrelated news apps among others devices sold china. |
Uyghur genocide | apple samsung condemned uyghur genocide underwent boycotts china causing sales throughout country decrease significantly.medical experiments former inmates said subjected medical experimentation.organized mass rape sexual torture bbc news sources reported accounts organized mass rape sexual torture carried chinese authorities internment camps.multiple women formerly detained xinjiang internment camps publicly made accusations systemic sexual abuse including rape gang rape sexual torture forced vaginal anal penetrations electric batons rubbing chili pepper paste genitals.sayragul sauytbay teacher forced work camps told bbc employees internment camp detained conducted rapes en masse saying camp guards picked girls young women wanted took away.also told bbc organized gang rape woman around age forced make confession front crowd women detained camps raped multiple policemen front assembled crowd. |
Uyghur genocide | globe mail interview sauytbay indicated personally see violence camp witness malnourishment complete lack freedom.tursunay ziawudun woman detained internment camps period nine months told bbc women removed cells every night raped chinese men masks subjected three separate instances gang rape detained.earlier interview ziawudun reported wasnt beaten abused camps instead subjected long interrogations forced watch propaganda hair cut constant surveillance kept cold conditions poor food leading developing anemia.qelbinur sedik uzbek woman xinjiang stated chinese police sexually abused detainees electric shock tortures saying four kinds electric shock... chair glove helmet anal rape stick.chinese government officials deny allegations human rights abuses within internment camps.reuters reported march chinese government officials also disclosed personal medical information women witnesses effort discredit them.in february bbc released extensive report alleged systematic sexual abuse taking place within camps. |
Uyghur genocide | gang rapes sexual torture alleged part systemic rape culture included policemen outside camps pay time prettiest girls.cnn reported february worker several former female inmates survived camps provided details murder torture rape camps described routinely occurring.outside internment camps iuds birth control china performs regular pregnancy checks hundreds thousands minority women within xinjiang.zenz reported new chinese iud placements insertions minus removals occurred xinjiang despite region constituting .countrys population.zenz reported birth rates counties whose majority population consists ethnic minorities began fall year government began single link population growth religious extremism. |
Uyghur genocide | prior recent drops birth rates uyghur population growth rate .times han .according fax provided cnn xinjiang regional government birth rates xinjiang region fell ..birth rates fell year year significantly greater drop . |
Uyghur genocide | decline births experienced across entire peoples republic china.according zenz population growth rates two largest uyghur prefectures xinjiang kashgar hotan fell .according adrian zenz chinese government documents mandate birth control violations uyghurs punishable extrajudicial internment.also heritage foundation reported officials forced uyghur women take unknown drugs liquids caused lose consciousness sometimes caused stop menstruating.public reporting continued indicate largescale compulsory sterilization carried associated press reporting widespread systematic practice forcing uyghur ethnic minority women take birth control medication xinjiang region.many women stated forced receive contraceptive implants.regional authorities dispute decrease birth rates deny genocide forced sterilization occurring xinjiang authorities maintain decrease birth rates due comprehensive implementation family planning policy.chinese embassy united states said policy positive empowering uyghur women writing process eradicating extremism minds uygur women emancipated gender equality reproductive health promoted making longer babymaking machines. |
Uyghur genocide | confident independent.twitter removed tweet violating policies.forced cohabitation cosleeping rape abortion beginning one million chinese government workers began forcibly living homes uyghur families monitor assess resistance assimilation well watch frownedupon religious cultural practices.the pair become family program assigned han chinese men monitor homes uyghurs sleep beds uyghur women.according radio free asia han chinese government workers trained call relatives forcibly engaged cohabitation uyghur homes purpose promoting ethnic unity.radio free asia reports men regularly sleep beds wives men detained regions internment camps. |
Uyghur genocide | chinese officials maintained cosleeping acceptable provided distance one meter maintained women relative assigned uyghur home.uyghur activists state restraint takes place citing pregnancy forced marriage numbers name program campaign mass rape disguised marriage.human rights watch condemned program deeply invasive forced assimilation practice world uyghur congress states represents total annihilation safety security wellbeing family members.a yearold pregnant woman xinjiang region said attempted give chinese citizenship live kazakhstan told chinese government needed come back china complete process.alleges officials seized passports two children coercing receiving abortion prevent brother detained internment camp.a book guo rongxing unrest xinjiang states baren township riot protests result forced abortions imposed upon local uyghur women chinese government.organ harvesting ethan gutmann states organ harvesting prisoners conscience became prevalent members uyghur ethnic group targeted security crackdowns strike hard campaigns s. according gutmann organ harvesting uyghur prisoners dropped members falun gong religious group overtaking uyghurs source organs.in concerns organ harvesting uyghurs resurfaced. |
Uyghur genocide | according unanimous determination china tribunal may china persecuted medically tested uyghurs.report expressed concerns uyghurs vulnerable subject organ harvesting yet evidence occurrence.november gutmann told rfa former hospital atsu china converted xinjiang internment camp would allow local officials streamline organ harvesting process provide steady stream harvested organs uyghurs.later december human rights activists independent researchers told haaretz individuals detained xinjiang internment camps murdered organs harvested.time gutmann told haaretz estimates least uyghurs killed xinjiang organs year crematoria recently built province order easily dispose victims bodies. |
Uyghur genocide | gutmann said fast lanes created movement human organs local airports.in chinese woman said uyghurs slaughtered demand provide halal organs primarily saudi customers.said one instance saudi clients received organs killed uyghurs department liver transplantation tianjin taida hospital.dr. enver tohti former oncology surgeon xinjiang supported allegations.forced labor throughout covid pandemic chinese government imposed forced labor conditions uyghurs.in january videos began surface douyin showing large numbers uyghurs placed airplanes trains busses transportation forced factory labor programs.march chinese government found using uyghur minority forced sweatshop labor. |
Uyghur genocide | according report published australian strategic policy institute aspi fewer around uyghurs forcibly removed xinjiang purposes forced labor least twentyseven factories around china.according business human rights resource centre ukbased charity corporations abercrombie fitch adidas amazon apple bmw fila gap hm inditex marks spencer nike north face puma pvh samsung uniqlo sourced factories.uyghurs forced pick cotton hand xinjiang.according archived report nankai university chinese forced labor system designed reduce uyghur population density.in total chinese government relocated uyghurs industrial workplaces part forced labor programs.outside china china accused coordinating efforts coerce uyghurs living overseas returning china using family still china pressure members diaspora make trouble. |
Uyghur genocide | chinese officials deny accusations government china regularly denies role abuses uyghur genocide.chinas robust surveillance system extends overseas special emphasis placed monitoring uyghur diaspora.according mit technology review chinas hacking uyghurs aggressive effectively global extending far beyond countrys borders.targets journalists dissidents anyone raises beijings suspicions insufficient loyalty.in march facebook reported hackers based china conducting cyberespionage members uyghur diaspora.uyghurs united arab emirates egypt saudi arabia detained deported back china sometimes separating families.cnn reported june rights activists fear even western nations take china task treatment uyghurs countries middle east beyond increasingly willing acquiesce crackdown members ethnic group home abroad.according associated press dubai also history place uyghurs interrogated deported back china.a joint report uyghur human rights project oxus society central asian affairs found cases uyghurs detained deported behest chinese authorities countries march . |
Uyghur genocide | use biometric surveillance technology chinese authorities use biometric technology track individuals.according yahir imin chinese authorities drew blood scanned face recorded fingerprints documented voice.china collects genetic material millions uyghurs.china uses facial recognition technology sort people ethnicity uses dna tell individual uyghur.china accused creating technologies used hunting people.in securityrelated construction tripled xinjiang. |
Uyghur genocide | charles rollet stated projects include security cameras also video analytics hubs intelligent monitoring systems big data centers police checkpoints even drones.drone manufacturer dji began providing surveillance drones local police .according aspi ministry public security invested billions dollars two government plans skynet project 天网工程 sharp eyes project 雪亮工程.two projects attempted use facial recognition resolutely achieve blind spots gaps blank spots .according morgan stanley million surveillance cameras operating. |
Uyghur genocide | chinese startups including sensetime cloudwalk yitu megvii hikvision built algorithms allow chinese government track muslim minority group.in july united states department commerce sanctioned chinese firms including two subsidiaries bgi group violating human rights uyghur muslims exploiting dna.bgi group along abu dhabibased ai cloud computing firm group – accused espionage – named us departments homeland security state october warning issued nevada use covid test kits donated uae partnership g bgi group.us intelligence agencies warned foreign powers exploiting patients medical samples dig medical history genetic traits illnesses.biometric data around xinjiang party secretary chen quanguo launched physicals purportedly medical care program.every xinjiang resident ages twelve required provide dna samples. |
Uyghur genocide | also collected data blood types fingerprints voiceprints iris patterns.officials tumxuk gathered hundreds blood samples.tumxuk named major battlefield xinjiangs security work state news media.january forensic dna lab overseen institute forensic science china built there.lab documents showed used software created thermo fisher scientific massachusetts company. |
Uyghur genocide | software used correspondence create genetic sequencers helpful analyzing dna.response thermo fisher declared february would cease sales xinjiang region result factspecific assessments.gps tracking cars security officials ordered residents chinas northwest region install gps tracking devices vehicles allowing authorities track movements.authorities said necessary counteract activities islamist extremists separatists.announcement officials bayingolin mongol autonomous prefecture proclaimed severe threat international terrorism cars used key means transport terrorists well constantly serving weapons. |
Uyghur genocide | therefore necessary monitor track vehicles prefecture.classification abuses special purpose tribunals scholars commentators journalists governments politicians diplomats many countries labeled chinas actions variously genocide cultural genocide ethnocide andor crimes humanity.ethnocide cultural genocide michael clarke australian terrorism scholar noted emerged within uighur émigré community tendency portray uighurs experiencing form cultural genocide citing example speech world uyghur congress president erkin alptekin.wall street journal op ed uyghur activist rebiya kadeer described ccp following policies uighur cultural genocide.ucl human rights scholar kate croninfurman argued chinese state policies constituted cultural genocide.in july german academic adrian zenz wrote journal political risk situation xinjiang constituted cultural genocide research later cited bbc news news organizations. |
Uyghur genocide | james leibold professor australias la trobe university called month treatment uyghurs chinese government cultural genocide stated words party officials washing brains cleansing hearts cure bewitched extremist thoughts.term used editorials washington post point.since release xinjiang papers china cables november various journalists researchers called chinese governments treatment uyghurs ethnocide cultural genocide.november zenz described classified documents confirming form cultural genocide.foreign policy published article azeem ibrahim called chinese treatment uyghurs deliberate calculated campaign cultural genocide release xinjiang papers china cables.since june scholars commentators lawyers increasingly referred human rights situation xinjiang genocide rather cultural genocide.genocide april cornell university anthropologist magnus fiskesjö wrote inside higher ed mass arrests ethnic minority academics intellectuals xinjiang indicated chinese regimes current campaign native uighur kazakh peoples already genocide. |
Uyghur genocide | later fiskejö wrote academic journal monde chinois evidence genocide thus already massive must least regarded sufficient prosecution international law... number competent authorities around world concurring indeed genocide increasing.in june associated press investigation found uyghurs subjected mass forced sterilizations forced abortions xinjiang scholars increasingly referred abuses xinjiang genocide.in july zenz said interview national public radio npr previously argued actions chinese government cultural genocide literal genocide one five criteria genocide convention satisfied recent developments concerning suppression birth rates need probably call genocide.month last colonial governor british hong kong chris patten said birth control campaign arguably something comes within terms un views sorts genocide.although china member international criminal court july selfproclaimed east turkistan governmentinexile east turkistan national awakening movement filed complaint icc calling investigate prc officials crimes uyghurs including allegations genocide.icc responded december asked evidence willing open investigation claims genocide uighur people china said keep file open evidence submitted.an august quartz article reported scholars hesitate label human rights abuses xinjiang fullblown genocide preferring term cultural genocide increasingly many experts calling crimes humanity genocide.august spokesperson joe bidens presidential campaign described chinas actions genocide.in october u.s. senate introduced bipartisan resolution designating human rights abuses perpetrated chinese government uyghur people ethnic minorities xinjiang genocide.around time house commons canada issued statement subcommittee international human rights standing committee foreign affairs international development persuaded chinese communist partys actions xinjiang constitute genocide laid genocide convention. |
Uyghur genocide | annual report congressionalexecutive commission china referred chinese governments treatment uyghurs crimes humanity possibly genocide.in january u.s. secretary state mike pompeo announced u.s. government would officially designate crimes uyghurs turkic muslim people living china genocide.declaration came final hours trump administration made earlier due worry could disrupt trade talks us china.allegations crimes humanity pompeo asserted crimes ongoing include arbitrary imprisonment severe deprivation physical liberty one million civilians forced sterilization torture large number arbitrarily detained forced labor imposition draconian restrictions freedom religion belief freedom expression freedom movement.on january incoming u.s. president joe bidens secretary state nominee antony blinken asked confirmation hearings whether agreed pompeos conclusion ccp committed genocide uyghurs contended would judgment well.confirmation hearings joe bidens nominee us ambassador united nations linda thomasgreenfield stated believed currently happening xinjiang genocide adding lived experienced witnessed genocide rwanda.the us designation followed canadas house commons dutch parliament passing nonbinding motion february recognize chinas actions genocide.in january united states holocaust memorial museum initially stated reasonable basis believe government china committing crimes humanity.november united states holocaust memorial museum revised stance state chinese government may committing genocide uyghurs.in february report released essex court chambers concluded credible case acts carried chinese government uighur people xinjiang uighur autonomous region amount crimes humanity crime genocide describes minority group subject enslavement torture rape enforced sterilisation persecution. |
Uyghur genocide | victims forced remain stress positions extended period time beaten deprived food shackled blindfolded said.legal team stated seen prolific credible evidence sterilisation procedures carried women including forced abortions saying human rights abuses clearly constitute form genocidal conduct.according march newlines institute report written global china genocide international law experts chinese government breached every article genocide convention writing chinas longestablished publicly repeatedly declared specifically targeted systematically implemented fully resourced policy practice toward uyghur group inseparable intent destroy whole part uyghur group such.report cited credible reports mass deaths mass internment drive uighur leaders selectively sentenced death sentenced longterm imprisonment.uyghurs suffering systematic torture cruel inhumane degrading treatment including rape sexual abuse public humiliation inside outside camps report stated.report argued policies directly orchestrated highest levels state including xi top officials chinese communist party xinjiang. |
Uyghur genocide | also reported chinese government gave explicit orders eradicate tumours wipe completely destroy root branch round everyone show absolutely mercy regards uyghurs camp guards reportedly follow orders uphold system place kazakhs uyghurs muslim nationalities would disappear...until muslim nationalities would extinct.according report internment camps contain designated interrogation rooms uyghur detainees subjected consistent brutal torture methods including beatings metal prods electric shocks whips.in june canadian anthropology society issued statement xinjiang organization stated expert testimony witnessing irrefutable evidence chinese governments satellite imagery documents eyewitness reports overwhelmingly confirms scale genocide.in december coalition jewish organizations including american jewish committee rabbinical assembly issued open letter president joe biden urging additional action response uyghur genocide.crimes humanity june china tribunal independent judicial investigation forced organ transplantation china concluded crimes humanity committed beyond reasonable doubt chinas uyghur muslim falun gong populations.the asiapacific centre responsibility protect university queensland concluded november evidence atrocities xinjiang likely meets requirements following crimes humanity persecution imprisonment enforced disappearance torture forced sterilisation enslavement arguable genocidal acts occurred xinjiang particular acts imposing measures prevent births forcible transfers.december lawyers david matas sarah teich wrote toronto star one distressing present day example genocide atrocities faced uighur population xinjiang china.in us office legal advisor concluded although situation xinjiang amounted crimes humanity insufficient evidence prove genocide.international responses reactions supranational organizations reactions united nations july countries issued joint letter st session united nations human rights council unhrc condemning chinas mass detention uyghurs minorities calling upon china refrain arbitrary detention restrictions freedom movement uyghurs muslim minority communities xinjiang. |
Uyghur genocide | session countries issued joint letter supporting chinas xinjiang policies criticizing practice politicizing human rights issues.letter stated china invited number diplomats international organizations officials journalist xinjiang saw heard xinjiang completely contradicted reported media.in october countries issued joint statement un urging china uphold national international obligations commitments respect human rights.response countries including china issued joint statement supporting chinas xinjiang policies.statement spoke positively results counterterrorism deradicalization measures xinjiang noted measures effectively safeguarded basic human rights people ethnic groups.in february un demanded unobstructed access advance proposed factfinding visit region.in october countries un joined condemnation china human rights abuses xinjiang german ambassador christoph heusgen speaking behalf group.total number countries condemned china increased total number countries defended china decreased . |
Uyghur genocide | sixteen countries defended china .the un high commissioner human rights began discuss possibility visit xinjiang china order examine impact human rights policies september .since office un high commissioner human rights since negotiating terms access china high commissioner visited country.february chinese foreign minister gave speech unhrc stated xinjiang always open country welcomes high commissioner human rights hchr visit xinjiang.january according unnamed sources quoted south china morning post china told un hchr publish report alleged abuses xinjiang office working three years.january china turned multiple requests un high commission human rights visit xinjiang.at march meeting unhrc united states ambassador condemned chinas human rights abuses xinjiang crimes humanity genocide. |
Uyghur genocide | reactions european union european parliament awarded sakharov prize freedom thought ilham tohti uyghur intellectual activist sentenced life prison charges pertaining uyghur separatism.march china prohibited european union diplomats visiting tohti.european union called upon china release tohti detention prison.in march european union ambassadors agreed sanctions including travel bans asset freezes four chinese officials one chinese entity human rights abuses uyghurs.among sanctioned eu zhu hailun described architect indoctrination program.month negotiations group ambassadors european union countries visit xinjiang stalled due chinese governments denial request visit ilham tohti imprisoned uyghur scholar. |
Uyghur genocide | reactions country africa several african countries including algeria democratic republic congo egypt nigeria somalia signed july letter publicly praised chinas human rights record dismissed reported abuses xinjiang.several african countries including angola burundi cameroon central african republic madagascar morocco mozambique sudan signed october letter publicly expressed support chinas treatment uyghurs.americas canada july globe mail reported human rights activists including retired politician irwin cotler encouraging parliament canada recognize chinese actions uyghurs genocide impose sanctions officials responsible.on october subcommittee international human rights sdir canadian house commons standing committee foreign affairs international development condemned persecution uyghurs turkic muslims xinjiang government china concluded chinese communist partys actions amount genocide uyghurs per genocide convention.on february canadian house commons voted – approve motion formally recognizes china committing genocide muslim minorities.prime minister justin trudeau cabinet vote.chinas ambassador canada responded motion calling allegations genocide forced labor lie century. |
Uyghur genocide | june canadas senate voted – motion recognize treatment uyghurs genocide call winter olympics moved china treatment continue.on april canada issued travel advisory stating individuals familial ethnic ties could risk arbitrary detention chinese authorities traveling xinjiang region.radio canada international reported announcement described china increasingly detaining ethnic muslim minorities region without due process.united states un counterterrorism chief vladimir voronkov visited xinjiang june .visit prompted anger u.s. state department.u.s. called visits highly choreographed characterized propagated false narratives.in united states congress passed uyghur human rights policy act reaction internment camps. |
Uyghur genocide | lawmakers also proposed uyghur forced labor prevention act requiring assumption xinjiang goods made forced labor therefore banned.september u.s. department homeland security blocked imports products five entities xinjiang combat use forced labor shelving broader proposed bans.senior us diplomat called upon countries join united states denunciations chinese governments policies xinjiang.senators cornyn merkley cardin rubio signed letter request mike pompeo united states secretary state issue determination genocide.national review reports u.s. government genocide determinations incredibly tricky thing. |
Uyghur genocide | require solid evidence meet criteria set genocide convention.determinations issued isnt much change effect bring short run.although theres strong welldocumented case determination case.november us senators menendez cornyn leading bipartisan group recognize ccps actions xinjiang genocide way senate resolution would make united states senate first government officially recognize situation genocide.on january pompeo announced united states department state determined genocide crimes humanity perpetrated china uyghurs pompeo stating peoples republic china direction control chinese communist party committed genocide crimes humanity predominantly muslim uighurs ethnic religious minority groups including ethnic kazakhs kyrgyz... anguished cries xinjiang u.s. hears echoes nazi germany rwanda bosnia darfur.announcement made last full day donald trump presidency.at end trump presidency incoming biden administration already declared joe biden presidential campaign determination made america would continue recognize xinjiang activity genocide. |
Uyghur genocide | february u.s. president joe biden commented cnn town hall meeting wisconsin xi jinpings rationale justifying policies idea must united tightly controlled china derives fact culturally different norms country leaders expected follow.also promised meeting repercussions china human rights violations.sources interpreted bidens statements excusing chinese policy towards uyghurs cultural relativist grounds whereas opposite view deemed misrepresentation.in july speaking singaporean branch international institute strategic studies american secretary defense lloyd austin remarked genocide crimes humanity uighur muslims xinjiang.asia middle east many countries middle east signed un document defending chinas human rights record.spokesperson turkish foreign ministry criticized camps. |
Uyghur genocide | iraq iran also signed document saudi arabia egypt accused deporting uyghurs china.united arab emirates formally defended chinas human rights records.countries appreciated chinas respect principle noninterference countries affairs therefore placed significance economic political relations.qatar qatar supported chinas policies xinjiang august qatar first middle eastern country withdraw defense xinjiang camps.israel israel voted condemn chinas actions unhrc sudden break chinaisrael relations. |
Uyghur genocide | postsoviet states russia belarus turkmenistan tajikistan expressed support chinas policies xinjiang.russia signed statements un july october supported chinas xinjiang policies.npr reported kazakhstan neighbors mostly muslim region central asia benefited chinese investment arent speaking muslims inside internment camps china.south asia nepal pakistan sri lanka signed un document supporting chinas policies xinjiang.pakistan july prime minister imran khan said interview believes chinese version facts pertaining abuses xinjiang argued undue attention given xinjiang relative human rights violations regions world kashmir. |
Uyghur genocide | southeast asia cambodia laos myanmar philippines issued statements support chinas policies.according moscow times thailand malaysia cambodia deported uyghur people chinas request.malaysia minister mohd redzuan md yusof said malaysia would entertain requests beijing extradite uyghurs felt safety risk.turkey remarks prime minister recep tayyip erdogan published anatolian news agency denounced savagery inflicted uyghur community called end chinese governments attempts forcibly assimilate community.later group eight summit italy erdogan stated incidents china simply put genocide. |
Uyghur genocide | theres point interpreting otherwise.result erdogans statements china broke relations turkey.in turkish foreign ministry issued statement condemning described chinas reintroduction concentration camps st century great cause shame humanity.response question regarding reported death uyghur musician abdurehim heyit within xinjiang internment camps spokesperson turkish foreign ministry stated one million uyghur turks incurring arbitrary arrests subjected torture political brainwashing internment camps prisons.in february authorities arrested uyghur protesters ankara following complaint embassy china turkey.march turkish parliament rejected motion call chinese governments treatment uyghurs genocide.on july prime minister erdogan told chinese president xi jinping bilateral telephone call important turkey uyghur muslims live peace equal citizens china turkey respected territorial integrity sovereignty china.europe belgium may testimony situation xinjiang foreign affairs committee belgian chamber representatives postponed massive ddos attack .be domain. |
Uyghur genocide | june belgian parliaments foreign relations committee passed motion condemning abuses crimes humanity stating serious risk genocide xinjiang.czech republic june czech senate unanimously passed motion condemning abuses uyghurs genocide crimes humanity.france december france said would oppose proposed comprehensive agreement investment china european union use forced labour uyghurs.february french foreign minister jeanyves le drian denounced institutionalised repression uyghurs unhrc.french parliament january denounced genocide china uyghur muslim population resolution.finland march finlands prime minister sanna marin tweeted condemnation human rights situation xinjiang. |
Uyghur genocide | lithuania may lithuanian parliament passed resolution recognizing chinese governments human rights abuses uyghurs constitute genocide.netherlands february netherlands parliament passed nonbinding resolution declaring chinese governments actions uyghurs genocide.ukraine ukraine originally signed onto june statement unhrc called independent observers provided immediate access xinjiang withdrew signature two days later.ukrainian lawmakers later stated china forced policy pivot threatening limit trade block scheduled shipment least covid vaccines.united kingdom october britains shadow foreign secretary lisa nandy suggested britain must oppose giving china seat unhrc protest abuse uyghur muslims. |
Uyghur genocide | added un must allowed conduct inquiry possible crimes humanity xinjiang.a letter signed september mps peers including senior tories liberal democrat leader sir ed davey accused china systematic calculated programme ethnic cleansing countrys uyghur minority compared china nazi germany.in january british parliament rejected resolution would banned uk trading countries engaged genocides.prime minister boris johnson opposed resolution.in january foreign secretary dominic raab made statement chinas human rights violations uyghurs accusing china extensive invasive surveillance targeting minorities systematic restrictions uyghur culture education practice islam widespread use forced labour.in january guardian reported uk government fended allparty effort give courts chance designate china guilty genocide day blinken said china intent genocide xinjiang province.in march uk eu sanctioned four chinese officials including zhu hailun wang junzheng involvement violating human rights uyghur muslims xinjiang.response china imposed sanctions nine uk citizens spreading lies disinformation human rights abuses xinjiang.on april house commons unanimously passed nonbinding parliamentary motion declaring chinas human rights abuses xinjiang genocide.oceania australia september australian foreign minister marise payne stated previously raised australias concerns reports mass detentions uyghurs muslim peoples xinjiang.consistently called china cease arbitrary detention uyghurs muslim groups. |
Uyghur genocide | raised concerns—and continue raise them—both bilaterally relevant international meetings.march federal government blocked motion rex patrick recognize chinas treatment uyghurs genocide.new zealand new zealand prime minister jacinda ardern raised issue xinjiang visiting guangdong party secretary leader li xi.ardern also raised concerns chinas periodic review un november immediate pushback china.ardern discussed xinjiang privately xi jinping visit beijing christchurch mosque shootings.new york times accused new zealand tiptoeing around issue economic reasons country exports many products china including milk meat wine.on may new zealand parliament adopted motion declaring severe human rights abuses occurring uyghur people xinjiang. |
Uyghur genocide | earlier version motion proposed opposition act party accused chinese government committing genocide uyghurs.ruling labour party opposed including word genocide motion leading amended version criticising severe human rights abuses.reactions nongovernmental organizations research institutions january president ghulam osman yaghma east turkistan governmentinexile wrote world silently witnessing another holocaust like genocide east turkistan....as president east turkistan governmentinexile behalf east turkistan people call international community including world governments acknowledge recognize chinas brutal holocaust like oppression east turkistans people genocide.the uyghur american association previously expressed concern deportation uyghur refugees cambodia china said beijings military approach terrorism xinjiang state terrorism.united states holocaust memorial museum issued statements describing conditions xinjiang crimes humanity.according united states holocaust memorial museum chinese governments campaign uyghurs xinjiang multifaceted systematic. |
Uyghur genocide | characterized mass detention forced labor discriminatory laws supported hightech manners surveillance.as july amnesty international taken position whether chinese governments treatment uyghurs constituted genocide.june amnesty released report saying chinas treatment uyghurs constituted crimes humanity.genocide watch considers forced sterilizations forcible transfer children uyghurs turkic minorities xinjiang acts genocide subsequently issued genocide emergency alert november .in september nearly two dozen activist groups including uyghur human rights project genocide watch european centre responsibility protect signed open letter urging unhrc investigate whether crimes humanity genocide taking place xinjiang.in march newlines institute strategy policy think tank fairfax university america released report stating peoples republic china bears state responsibility committing genocide uyghurs breach convention prevention punishment crime genocide.according report determination intent destroy uyghurs group derived objective proof consisting comprehensive state policy practice president xi jinping highest authority china set motion.legal analysis newlines institute concludes peoples republic china responsible breaches provision article ii genocide convention.human rights watch followed april report outlining chinese government committed — continues commit — crimes humanity turkic muslim population. |
Uyghur genocide | report made collaboration stanford human rights conflict resolution clinic also sets recommendations concerned governments un.uyghur tribunal uyghur tribunal independent peoples tribunal based united kingdom began hold hearings june examine evidence order evaluate whether chinas abuses uyghurs constitute genocide genocide convention.tribunal chaired geoffrey nice lead prosecutor trial slobodan milošević announced creation tribunal september .on december tribunal concluded china committed genocide uyghurs via birth control sterilization measures.tribunal also found evidence crimes humanity torture sexual abuse.tribunals final determination legally bind government take action. |
Uyghur genocide | multinational corporations reaction proposed uyghur forced labor prevention act impose sanctions foreign person knowingly engages require firms disclose dealings xinjiang president american apparel footwear association said blanket import bans cotton products xinjiang legislation would wreak havoc legitimate supply chains apparel industry xinjiang cotton exports often intermingled cotton countries available origintracing technology cotton fibers.september us chamber commerce issued letter stating act would prove ineffective may hinder efforts prevent human rights abuses.major companies supply chain ties xinjiang including apple inc. nike inc. cocacola company lobbied congress weaken legislation amend provisions.in february policy established japanese companies cease business deals chinese firms involved benefitting forced labor uyghurs xinjiang.both nike adidas criticized human rights abuses xinjiang pledged business region sales china subsequently declined.religious groups july marie van der zyl president board deputies british jews pointed similarities mass detention uyghur muslims concentration camps holocaust.international holocaust remembrance day january van der zyl urged chinese government step back committing atrocities.in december chief rabbi united hebrew congregations commonwealth ephraim mirvis published oped guardian occasion hanukkah condemned persecution uyghurs called international action address unfathomable mass atrocity taking place china. |
Uyghur genocide | chief rabbi generally refrains making comments nonjewish political issues.mirvis part wider jewish protest movement sprung opposition human rights abuses xinjiang protesters largely motivated memories holocaust desire prevent repeat horror.addition liberal british jews long involved international human rights issue plight uyghur also draws significant interest support britains orthodox community.according orthodox rabbi herschel gluck something felt deeply community.feel never term needs used certainly one situations applies.in december coalition american muslim groups criticized organisation islamic cooperation failing speak prevent abuse uyghurs accused member states cowed chinas power. |
Uyghur genocide | groups included council american–islamic relations.in august group british faith leaders including imams rabbis bishops cardinals archbishop publicly declared uyghurs faced one egregious human tragedies since holocaust called responsible held accountable.group included representative dalai lama europe rowan williams former archbishop canterbury.in march group sixteen rabbis cantor across californias jewish religious spectrum sent letter representative ted lieu urging take action support uyghurs.grassroots organization jewish movement uyghur freedom works bridge gap uyghur jewish communities well advocate behalf.contrast earlier save darfur campaign major jewish donors organizations tread softly due fear reprisals associated businesses chinese government.major jewish groups spoken uyghur genocide taken policy positions include union reform judaism american jewish committee rabbinical assembly antidefamation league conference presidents major american jewish organizations.in april jewish council public affairs u.sbased public policy group composed organizations representing reconstructionist reform conservative orthodox jews urged jewish community call upon chinese communist party end genocide exploitation uyghurs well halt oppression ethnic religious minorities living within borders.in number jewish organizations united kingdom incorporated situation xinjiang holocaust memorial day remembrances commemorations. |
Uyghur genocide | protests chinese consulate almaty kazakhstan site daily protest demonstration primarily made old women whose relatives believed detained china.uyghur protesters outside consulate general china los angeles joined activists representing tibet taiwan hong kong.regular protests local uyghurs held chinese diplomatic sites istanbul turkey several hundred uyghur women protested international womens day march .london regular protests outside outpost chinese embassy organized orthodox jewish man local neighborhood.held protests least twice week since february .in march hundreds uyghurs living turkey protested visit chinese foreign minister wang yi istanbul gathering beyazit square near chinas consulategeneral istanbul.twodozen ngos focus rights uyghurs involved organizing protests.in october basketball player enes kanter protested abuses uyghurs chinese state wearing sneakers court said modern day slavery excuses. |
Uyghur genocide | also criticized nike silent injustices china.kanter tweeted disappointing governments leaders muslimmajority countries staying silent muslim brothers sisters getting killed raped tortured.winter olympics boycott aftermath leak xinjiang papers made public chinese policies towards uyghurs calls made boycott winter olympics.july letter world uyghur congress urged international olympic committee ioc reconsider decision hold olympics beijing.nonbinding motion february canadian house commons called ioc move olympics new location. |
Uyghur genocide | ioc met activists late request move olympics.march president international olympic committee thomas bach opposed boycott would also damage ioc image finances said ioc must stay politics.april senior u.s. state department official stated departments position olympics changed discussed discussing joint boycott allies partners.december united states australia canada united kingdom announced diplomatic boycotts winter olympics.legal cases january nineteen uyghurs help lawyer gulden sonmez filed criminal case torture rape crimes humanity genocide istanbul prosecutors office chinese officials. |
Uyghur genocide | sonmez stated turkish legislation recognises universal jurisdiction offences alleged case.denial abuses uyghurs related ethnic groups denied chinese government.denials internal external.chinese government conducted propaganda campaigns social media denial abuses.chinese government posted thousands videos social media showing residents xinjiang denying claims abuse made mike pompeo joint investigation propublica new york times found videos part influence campaign coordinated government propaganda department. |
Uyghur genocide | also used existing disinformation networks including social media trolls deny uyghur genocide.in interview andrew marr bbc chinese ambassador uk liu xiaoming denied abuse uyghurs despite shown drone footage appeared shackled uyghur prisoners herded trains prison transfer.ambassador also blamed reports forced sterilisations small group antichina elements.february wang wenbin called uyghur genocide lie century.the abuses existence camp network also denied american leftwing media outlets.first group small leftwing blog called la progressive began publishing denial articles april grayzone influential outlet publish claims.grayzone also featured chinese state media including cgtn global times. |
IASME | chinese government spokesperson hua chunying retweeted story published grayzone claimed debunked research internment camps xinjiang.in february press gazette investigation found facebook accepted promotional content chinese state media outlets china daily china global television network spread disinformation denying uyghur genocide.according anthropologist china expert gerald roche writing nation xinjiang denialism aids chinese american imperialism.cited donald trump told xi jinping building internment camps exactly right thing do.see also ethnic minorities chinahistory uyghur peoplehistory xinjiangislamization turkification xinjiangdzungar genocidedungan revoltxinjiang conflictxinjiang papers notes references citations sourcesiasme governance standard developed proven effective improving security supply chains large organisations.standard maps closely international isoiec information assurance standard.background iasme governance originally developed academicsme partnership attracted lot interest government small businessesresearch towards iasme model undertaken uk acknowledgement current international information assurance standard isoiec complex resourcestrapped smes providing weakness supply chain.iasme developed launched later year.revised regularly keep pace changes risk environment smes. |
IASME | development process smes explained published international sme conference paper.the iasme governance standard follows implementation pattern used international standards community including pdca plandocheckact principles information security management system isms provides management framework.refined expressed business terms recognisable organisations sizes.the iasme governance standard developed piloted help small businesses mostly west midlands uk encouraging results.standard shown useful smes uk internationally.large organisations use iasme governance standard supply chains understand reduce supplier risk.article explaining supply chain benefits written developer david booth.large small organisations use iasme certification alternative isoiec standard. |
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