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IASME
structure standard standard managed iasme consortium ltd operate network certification bodies licensed certify candidate organisations.question set free anyone download without registration licensed creative commons byncnd license.the standard available two levels assurance iasme governance selfassessmentcandidates com...
IASME
mapping two standards available cyber assessment framework cyber assessment framework caf developed uk government allow organisations demonstrate compliance nis directive.iasme governance standard maps closely caf.nhs digital data security protection toolkit nhs digital data security protection toolkit online selfasses...
Hybrid warfare
april iasme awarded cyber business year prestigious uk national cyber awards see also cyber essentialsisoiec gdprnis directive references external links iasme governance selfassessed question set free download free download cyber essentials self assessment questionsthe iasme governance standard free download iasme stan...
Hybrid warfare
hybrid adversary state nonstate.example israel–hezbollah war syrian civil war main adversaries nonstate entities within state system.nonstate actors act proxies countries independent agendas well.example iran sponsor hezbollah hezbollahs irans agenda resulted kidnapping israeli troops led israel–hezbollah war.hand russ...
Hybrid warfare
methods tactics may include conventional capabilities irregular tactics irregular formations diplomacy politics terrorist acts indiscriminate violence criminal activity.hybrid adversary may also use clandestine actions avoid attribution retribution.methods used simultaneously across spectrum conflict unified strategy.c...
Hybrid warfare
militants also dispersed among civilian population.civilian collateral damage airstrikes used effective recruiting tool.a hybrid adversary uses advanced weapons systems disruptive technologies.weapons bought bargain prices.moreover novel technologies adapted battlefield cellular networks.hezbollah armed hightech weapon...
Hybrid warfare
hezbollah forces shot israeli helicopters severely damaged patrol boat cruise missile destroyed heavilyarmored tanks firing guided missiles hidden bunkers.also used aerial drones gather intelligence communicated encrypted cellphones watched israeli troop movements thermal nightvision equipment.use mass communication pr...
Hybrid warfare
definitions chief staff us army defined hybrid threat adversary incorporates diverse dynamic combinations conventional irregular terrorist criminal capabilities.us joint forces command defines hybrid threat adversary simultaneously adaptively employs tailored mix conventional irregular terrorism criminal means activiti...
Hybrid warfare
former us army chief george w. casey jr. talked new type war would become increasingly common future hybrid irregular warfare conventional warfare.according inaugurated european centre excellence countering hybrid threats hybrid threats methods activities targeted towards vulnerabilities opponent range methods activiti...
Hybrid warfare
collective defense organizations nato might find hard agree source conflict makes response difficult.article published global security review hybrid warfare compares notion hybrid warfare russian concept nonlinear warfare defines deployment conventional irregular military forces conjunction psychological economic polit...
Hybrid warfare
overwhelming force insufficient deterrent.many traditional militaries lack flexibility shift tactics priorities objectives constantly.history going work philosophers dealt propaganda governance last years one find hybrid war new concept many social anthropologists believe today.combination conventional irregular method...
Hybrid warfare
one also find examples hybrid warfare smaller conflicts th century.instance rafael carrera conservative peasant rebel leader guatemala waged successful military campaign liberals federal government central america using strategy combined classical guerrilla tactics conventional operations.carreras hybrid approach warfa...
Hybrid warfare
vietnam war saw hybrid warfare tactics employed sides us using cia support civil war parties laos cambodian civil war well ethnic groups inside vietnam cause soviet union supported viet cong militia.end cold war created unipolar system preponderant american military power.though tempered traditional conflicts regional ...
Hybrid warfare
another new element ability nonstate actors persist within modern system.israel–hezbollah war one often quoted examples hybrid war conflict israel hezbollah.hezbollah sophisticated nonstate actor sponsored iran.group often acts proxy iran agenda.hezbollahs policy rather irans led kidnapping israeli troops impetus war.
Hybrid warfare
war featured hezbollah fighters embedded local population attacked israeli regular troops.the group used decentralized cells composed guerrillas regular troops armed weaponry nation states use antitank missiles rockets armed unmanned aerial vehicles advanced improvised explosive devices.hezbollah cells downed israeli h...
Hybrid warfare
isil transitional aspirations uses irregular regular tactics terrorism.response iraq turned hybrid tactics using nonstate international actors counter isil advance.united states likewise hybrid participant used combination traditional air power advisers iraqi government troops kurdish peshmerga sectarian militias also ...
Hybrid warfare
specifically russia employed combination traditional combat warfare economic influence cyber strategies disinformation attacks ukraine.in respect russia jānis bērziņš director center security strategic research widely published argue using term hybrid characterize russian strategy misleading since russia definitions co...
Hybrid warfare
russia us activities moscow accused washington conducting hybrid warfare russia colour revolutions.perception war permanent state conflict us allies furthered maidan uprising ukraine.russias activities former soviet states described hobbesian redolent cold war thinking.speaking valdai discussion club november russian f...
Hybrid warfare
february finnish defence minister jussi niinistö told meeting nato defence ministers finland expects russia open second front many million migrants possibly arriving finnishrussian border.similar statement made ilkka kanerva finlands former foreign minister chairman countrys parliamentary defense committee.iranian acti...
Hybrid warfare
iran united states activities united states accused conducting hybrid warfare iran countries.saudi emirati activities saudi arabia united arab emirates accused conducting hybrid warfare qatar.chinese activities china accused conducting hybrid warfare taiwan south china sea.pakistan activities since pakistan accused con...
Hybrid warfare
see also references reading bond margaret s. .hybrid war new paradigm stability operations failing states pdf.carlisle barracks pa usawc strategy research project.u.s. army war college.cuomo scott a. brian j. donlon .training hybrid warrior.
Hybrid warfare
marine corps gazette.archived original .cite journal cite journal requires journal helpfleming brian p. .hybrid threat concept contemporary war military planning advent unrestricted operational art.fort leavenworth ks u.s. army school advanced military studies sams u.s. army command general staff college.glenn russell ...
Hybrid warfare
small wars journal.cite journal cite journal requires journal helpgrant greg may .hybrid wars.government executive.archived original august .
Hybrid warfare
retrieved october .hoffman frank g. future thoughts hybrid threats pdf.small wars journal.cite journal cite journal requires journal helphoffman frank g. march .marines preparing hybrid wars.armed forces journal.
Hybrid warfare
cite journal cite journal requires journal helphoffman frank g. .hybrid warfare challenges pdf.jfq joint force quarterly.pp.–.hoffman frank g mattis james n. november .
Hybrid warfare
future warfare rise hybrid wars proceedings pdf.pp.–.retrieved july .killebrew robert june .good advice hybrid warfare demands indirect approach.
Hybrid warfare
armed forces journal.cite journal cite journal requires journal helppindjak peter .deterring hybrid warfare chance nato eu work together.nato review.issn .stowell joshua april .
Hybrid warfare
hybrid warfare.global security review.retrieved august .visionalonzo g. .carrera revolt hybrid warfare nineteenth century central america.london palgrave macmillan.
Urban resilience
isbn .external links u.s. gao – hybrid warfaremunichsecurityreport sectiontherefore resilient city one assesses plans acts prepare respond hazards natural humanmade sudden slowonset expected unexpected.resilient cities better positioned protect enhance peoples lives secure development gains foster investible environmen...
Urban resilience
infrastructure adoption sustainable energy.more recently increasing attention genealogies urban resilience capability urban systems adapt changing conditions.branch resilience theory builds notion cities highly complex adaptive systems.implication insight move urban planning away conventional approaches based geometric...
Urban resilience
requires better understanding types practices tools contribute building urban resilience.genealogical approaches explore evolution practices time including values power relations underpinning them.building resilience cities relies investment decisions prioritize spending activities offer alternatives perform well diffe...
Urban resilience
means major resilience challenges era poverty reduction natural hazards climate change environmental sustainability social inclusion lost cities.mass density people makes especially vulnerable impacts acute disasters slow creeping effects changing climate making resilience planning critically important.time growing urb...
Urban resilience
reduces people’s exposure hazards also lead problems leave people vulnerable worse before.resettlement needs understood part longterm sustainable development means disaster risk reduction.sustainable development goal september world leaders adopted sustainable development goals sdgs part agenda sustainable development....
Urban resilience
countries also primary responsibility followup review progress based quality accessible timely data collection.national reviews feed regional reviews turn inform review global level.unhabitats city resilience profiling tool crpt un agency human settlements unhabitat working support local governments stakeholders build ...
Urban resilience
tool follows various stages unhabitat supports cities maximize impact crpt implementation.getting startedlocal governments unhabitat connect evaluate needs opportunities context city evaluate possibility implementing tool city.local government partners consider stakeholders need involved implementation including civil ...
Urban resilience
process iterative resilience actions implemented local governments monitor impact tool recalibrates identify next steps.taking furtherresilience actions require buyin stakeholders many cases additional funding.detailed diagnostic local governments leverage support national governments donors international organizations...
Urban resilience
addresses activity providing knowledge research facilitating access locallevel finance raising global awareness urban resilience policy advocacy adaptation diplomacy efforts.work devoted achieving main international development agendas works achieve mandates set sustainable development goals new urban agenda paris agre...
Urban resilience
resilient cities city resilience index cri urban resilience capacity individuals communities institutions businesses systems within city survive adapt grow matter kinds chronic stresses acute shocks experience.rockefeller foundation resilient cities.a central program contributing achievement sdg rockefeller foundations...
Urban resilience
overcome challenge professional services firm arup helped rockefeller foundation develop city resilience index based extensive stakeholder consultation across range cities globally.index intended serve planning decisionmaking tool help guide urban investments toward results facilitate sustainable urban growth wellbeing...
Urban resilience
factors organized four core dimensions urban resilience frameworkleadership strategyeffective leadership managementempowered stakeholdersintegrated development planninghealth wellbeingminimal human vulnerabilitydiverse livelihoods employmenteffective safeguards human health lifeeconomy societysustainable economycompreh...
Urban resilience
sustainable resilient inclusive cities often outcome good governance encompasses effective leadership inclusive citizen participation efficient financing among things.end public officials increasingly access public data enabling evidencebased decision making.open data also increasingly transforming way local government...
Urban resilience
time information technologies often positive transformative impact supporting innovation promoting efficiencies urban infrastructure thus leading lowercost city services.deployment new technologies initial construction infrastructure cases even allowed urban economies leapfrog stages development.unintended outcome grow...
Urban resilience
recent study cities home .billion people combined gdp usd trillion half worlds total economic output found floods endanger city residents natural peril followed earthquakes storms.attempt define discuss challenges heat waves droughts flooding.resilienceboosting strategies introduced outlined.heat waves droughts heat wa...
Urban resilience
united states heat wave drought killed people.similar heat wave drought killed american citizens.august uk saw record breaking summer temperatures average temperatures persistently rising °c.nearly deaths contributed heat wave uk period increase london alone.heat wave claimed lives across europe.
Urban resilience
research indicates summers warmer summer temperatures considered cool.northern hemisphere summer heat wave also disastrous nearly deaths occurring moscow.addition deaths heat waves also cause significant problems.extended periods heat droughts also cause widespread crop losses spikes electricity demand forest fires air...
Urban resilience
crop supply shortages lead spikes food prices food scarcity civic unrest even starvation extreme cases.terms direct fatalities heat waves droughts statistically concentrated urban areas line increased population densities due social factors urban heat island effect.urban heat islands urban heat island uhi refers presen...
Urban resilience
materials commonly found urban areas concrete asphalt absorb store heat energy much effectively surrounding natural environment.black colouring asphalt surfaces roads parking lots highways able absorb significantly electromagnetic radiation encouraging rapid effective capture storage heat throughout day.geometrics come...
Urban resilience
factors combined heat generated vehicles air conditioners industry ensure cities create absorb hold heat effectively.social factors heat vulnerability physical causes heat waves droughts exacerbation uhi effect part equation terms fatalities social factors play role well.statistically senior citizens represent majority...
Urban resilience
combination factors leads thousands tragic deaths every season incidences increasing year.adapting heat drought resilience greening reflecting whitening urban spaces greening urban spaces among frequently mentioned strategies address heat effects.idea increase amount natural cover within city.cover made grasses bushes ...
Urban resilience
trees among effective greening tool within urban environments coveragefootprint ratio.trees require small physical area planting mature provide much larger coverage area.absorbs solar energy photosynthesis improving air quality mitigating global warming reducing amount energy trapped held within artificial surfaces als...
Urban resilience
done using reflective paints materials appropriate white lightcoloured options reflections would distracting dangerous.glazing also added windows reduce amount heat entering buildings.green roofs also resilienceboosting option synergies flood resilience strategies well.however depaving excess pavement found effective c...
Urban resilience
established vulnerable citizens primarily socially isolated seniors.vulnerable groups include young children especially facing abject poverty living informal housing people underlying health problems infirm disabled homeless.accurate early prediction heat waves fundamental importance gives time government issue extreme...
Urban resilience
local government must quickly communicate groups institutions work heatvulnerable populations.cooling centres opened libraries community centres government buildings.centres ensure free access air conditioning water.partnership government nongovernment social services paramedics police firefighters nurses volunteers ab...
Urban resilience
food water supplies heat waves droughts reap massive damage agricultural areas vital providing food staples urban populations.reservoirs aquifers quickly dry due increased demand water drinking industrial agricultural purposes.end result shortages price spikes food increasing frequency shortages drinking water observed...
Urban resilience
reservoirs expanded new reservoirs water towers constructed areas facing critical shortages.grander schemes damming redirecting rivers also considered possible.saltwater coastal cities desalination plants provide possible solution water shortages.infrastructure also plays role resilience many areas aging pipelines resu...
Urban resilience
types cases replacements repairs clearly needed.flooding flooding either weather events rising sea levels infrastructure failures major cause death disease economic losses throughout world.climate change rapidly expanding urban settlements two factors leading increasing occurrence severity urban flood events especially...
Urban resilience
caused large quantities rain heavy rapid snow melt.forms flooding cities increasingly vulnerable large quantity paved concrete surfaces.impermeable surfaces cause massive amounts runoff quickly overwhelm limited infrastructure storm drains flood canals intentional floodplains.many cities developing world simply infrast...
Urban resilience
flooding much like heat waves droughts also wreak havoc agricultural areas quickly destroying large amounts crops.cities poor absent drainage infrastructure flooding also lead contamination drinking water sources aquifers wells inland waterways salt water chemical pollution frequently viral bacterial contaminants.flood...
Urban resilience
researchers mentioned storage effect urban areas.several studies looked flow patterns redistribution streets storm events implication terms flood modelling.some research considered criteria safe evacuation individuals flooded areas.recent field measurements – queensland floods showed criterion solely based upon flow ve...
Urban resilience
gaining popularity different types green roofs.green roofs vary intensity thin layers soil rockwool supporting variety low nomaintenance mosses sedum species large deep intensive roof gardens capable supporting large plants trees requiring regular maintenance structural support.deeper soil rainwater absorb therefore po...
Urban resilience
excess water diverted areas necessary cardiff around new millennium stadium.floodplain clearance another greening strategy fundamentally removes structures pavement built floodplains returns natural habitat capable absorbing massive quantities water otherwise would flooded built urban area.floodwater control levees flo...
Urban resilience
barrier lies flat ground water rises seloc floats top edge rising water level.restraint holds barrier vertical position.simple inexpensive flood barrier great potential increasing urban resilience flood events shows significant promise developing nations low cost simple foolproof design.creation expansion flood canals ...
Urban resilience
structural resilience developed nations new developments assessed flood risks.aim ensure flood risk taken account stages planning process avoid inappropriate development areas high risk.development required areas high risk structures built floodresistant standards living working areas raised well worstcase scenario flo...
Urban resilience
solutions raise structures appropriate heights make floating considerations made relocate rebuild structures higher ground.house mexico beach florida survived hurricane michael example house built survive tidal surge.the preincan uru people lake titicaca peru lived floating islands made reeds hundreds years.practice be...
Urban resilience
without nails wood glass buildings assembled hand quickly within day.another aspect villages called al tahla built homes also disassembled day transported reassembled .emergency response disasters flooding requires specific set disaster response plans.various levels contingency planning established basic medical select...
Urban resilience
postflooding repair reconstruction sufficient emergency funding set aside proactively.educational programs related urban resilience emergence urban resilience educational topic experienced unprecedented level growth due large part series natural disasters including indian ocean earthquake tsunami hurricane katrina toho...
Windows NT
see also cobenefits climate change mitigationhumanpowered transport – transport goods andor people using human musclesnew urbanismsustainable urbanismurban vitality referencesprocessorindependent multiprocessing multiuser operating system.the first version windows nt windows nt .produced workstations server computers.c...
Windows NT
starting windows nt removed product name included product version string along several lowlevel places within system.nt first purely bit version windows whereas consumeroriented counterparts windows .x windows x bitbit hybrids.multiarchitecture operating system.initially supported several instruction set architectures ...
Windows NT
naming suggested dave cutler intended initialism wnt play vms incrementing letter one.however project originally intended followon os referred nt os receiving windows brand.one original nt developers mark lucovsky states name taken original target processor—the intel codenamed n nten.questionandanswer qa session bill g...
Windows NT
major features one main purposes nt hardware software portability.various versions nt family operating systems released variety processor architectures initially ia mips dec alpha powerpc itanium x arm supported later releases.initial idea common code base custom hardware abstraction layer hal platform.however support ...
Windows NT
partial msdos windows bit compatibility achieved ia via integrated dos virtual machine – although feature available architectures.nt supported perobject file function role access control lists allowing rich set security permissions applied systems services.nthas also supported windows network protocols inheriting previ...
Windows NT
featured core kernel providing system api running supervisor mode ring x referred windows nt kernel mode platforms set userspace environments apis included new win environment os .textmode environment posix environment.full preemptive multitasking kernel could interrupt running tasks schedule tasks without relying user...
Windows NT
windows nts first gui strongly influenced programmatically compatible windows .windows nt interface redesigned match brand new windows moving program manager windows shell design.ntfs journaled secure file system major feature nt.windows nt also allows installable file systems since versions .nt may installed fat hpfs ...
Windows NT
windows vista added native support windows driver foundation also available windows xp windows server extent windows .development microsoft decided create portable operating system compatible os posix supporting multiprocessing october .development started november windows nt known os .third version operating system de...
Windows NT
microsoft also continued parallel development dosbased less resourcedemanding windows environment resulting release windows .may .windows .eventually successful microsoft decided change primary application programming interface still unreleased nt os known extended os api extended windows api.decision caused tension mi...
Windows NT
team joined selected members disbanded os team including moshe dunie.the vms kernel primarily written vax macro windows nt designed run multiple instruction set architectures multiple hardware platforms within architecture.platform dependencies hidden rest system hal hardware abstraction layer.while creating windows nt...
Windows NT
designed modified microkernel windows nt kernel influenced mach microkernel developed richard rashid carnegie mellon university meet criteria pure microkernel.kernel executive linked together single loaded module ntoskrnl.exe outside module little distinction kernel executive.routines directly accessible example kernel...
Windows NT
.incorporated program manager file manager windows .x series.windows nt .onwards replaced programs windows explorer including taskbar start menu originally appeared windows .the first release given version number .match contemporary bit windows magazines era claimed number also used make version seem reliable .
Windows NT
release.also novell ipx protocol apparently licensed .versions windows software.the nt version number generally used marketing purposes still used internally said reflect degree changes core operating system.however application compatibility reasons microsoft kept major version number releases following vista changed l...
Windows NT
microsoft changed version api helper functions behavior.application manifested windows .later api always return version .version number windows .manifest feature introduced windows .
Windows NT
replace getversion related functions.programming language windows nt written c c small amount written assembly language.c mostly used kernel code c mostly used usermode code.assembly language avoided possible would impede portability.supported platforms bit platforms order prevent intel xspecific code slipping operatin...
Windows NT
initially developed using nonx development systems ported x architecture.work initially based intel ibased dazzle system later mips rbased jazz platform.systems designed internally microsoft.windows nt .released intel x pc compatible pc dec alpha arccompliant mips platforms.windows nt .
Windows NT
added support powerpc processor specifically prepcompliant systems ibm power series desktopslaptops motorola powerstack series despite meetings michael spindler bill gates power macintosh prep compliant power macintosh project failed ship.intergraph corporation ported windows nt clipper architecture later announced int...
Windows NT
last major release support alpha mips powerpc though development windows alpha continued august compaq stopped support windows nt architecture three days later microsoft also canceled alphant program even though alpha nt windows release reached rc status.on january microsoft announced next major version windows nt fami...
Windows NT
bit platforms bit versions windows nt originally intended run itanium dec alpha latter used internally microsoft early development bit windows.continued time microsoft publicly announced cancelling plans ship bit windows alpha.alpha versions windows nt bit only.while windows supports intel ia bit windows xp server serv...
PLATINUM (cybercrime group)
vista release requires minimum gb free disk space fold increase free disk space alone previous version.see also architecture windows ntf diskwindows server domainreactos open source project goal providing binary device driverlevel compatibility windows ntwindows nt startup processwindows preinstallation environmentmicr...
PLATINUM (cybercrime group)
either written one multiple teams working platinum group umbrella could sold number outside sources platinum dealing since .because diversity malware versions little code common microsofts investigators taxonomised families.the piece malware widely used platinum nicknamed dispind microsoft.piece malware install keylogg...
Koala conservation
security microsoft advises users apply security updates minimize vulnerabilities keep highly sensitive data large networks.platinum targets organizations companies government branches acquire trade secrets anyone working organizations target group.see also intel amtknown vulnerabilities exploitstitanium malware referen...
Koala conservation
history koalas hunted food aboriginals.common technique used capture animals attach loop ropey bark end long thin pole form noose.would used snare animal high tree beyond reach climbing hunter animal brought way would killed stone hand axe hunting stick waddy.– according customs tribes considered taboo skin animal trib...
Koala conservation
two million pelts estimated left australia .pelts demand use rugs coat linings muffs trimming womens garments.extensive cullings occurred queensland one million koalas killed guns poisons nooses.public outcry cullings probably first widescale environmental issue rallied australians.novelist social critic vance palmer w...
Koala conservation
social vice put account ... affords sport gunman ... almost blotted already areas.despite growing movement protect native species poverty brought drought – led killing another koalas onemonth open season august .frederick lewis chief inspector game victoria said onceabundant animal brought near extinction state suggest...
Koala conservation
arrangement allowed undertake detailed study diet captivity.fleay later continued conservation efforts healesville sanctuary david fleay wildlife park.– modern threats one biggest anthropogenic threats koala habitat destruction fragmentation.coastal areas main cause urbanisation rural areas habitat cleared agriculture....
Koala conservation
australia ranked fifth world deforestation rates cleared hectares acres.– distribution koala shrunk since european arrival largely due fragmentation habitat queensland.koalas vulnerable status queensland new south wales means developers states must consider impacts species making building applications.addition koalas l...
Koala conservation
reduce road deaths government agencies exploring various wildlife crossing options use fencing channel animals toward underpass cases adding ledge walkway existing culvert.dogs kill animals every year.koala populations habitat impacted bushfires.local veterinarian estimated many may died kangaroo island fires estimated...
Koala conservation
recommendations included establishing national parks georges river midnorth coast.droughts also affect koalas wellbeing.example severe drought caused many eucalyptus trees lose leaves.subsequently population southwestern queensland died especially young animals excluded prime feeding sites older dominant koalas recover...
Koala conservation
rescue rehabilitation injured koalas often taken wildlife hospitals rehabilitation centres.year retrospective study performed new south wales koala rehabilitation centre trauma usually resulting motor vehicle accident dog attack found frequent cause admission followed symptoms chlamydia infection.wildlife caretakers is...
Koala conservation
introductions since koalas introduced several coastal offshore islands including phillip island victoria kangaroo island south australia.numbers significantly increased – since islands large enough sustain high koala numbers overbrowsing become problem.since government agencies tried control numbers culling public inte...
Koala conservation
– survivors translocated french island quail island.the koalas quail island thrived one half island found dying starvation period population growth subsequent overbrowsing gum trees island animals released mainland areas .the koalas french island also prospered multiplied faced dying trees population moved mainland vic...
Koala conservation
unanimous recommendation humane culling i.e.shooting reduce numbers.government however ruled action public relations grounds — tourist industry economies south australia kangaroo island highly dependent would greatly affected hostile publicity abetted activists australian koala foundation.chose instead program trapping...
Pinkerton (detective agency)
cost relocated koala.a study relocated individuals found wandered far release site gained weight one third died first year relocation.referencespinkerton became famous claimed foiled plot assassinate presidentelect abraham lincoln later hired pinkerton agents personal security civil war.pinkertons agents performed serv...