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Agriculture | domesticated strawberry hybrid chilean north american species developed breeding europe north america.indigenous people southwest pacific northwest practiced forest gardening firestick farming.natives controlled fire regional scale create lowintensity fire ecology sustained lowdensity agriculture loose rotation sort wild permaculture.system companion planting called three sisters developed north america.three crops winter squash maize climbing beans.indigenous australians long supposed nomadic huntergatherers practised systematic burning possibly enhance natural productivity firestick farming. |
Agriculture | scholars pointed huntergatherers need productive environment support gathering without cultivation.forests new guinea food plants early humans may used selective burning increase productivity wild karuka fruit trees support huntergatherer way life.the gunditjmara groups developed eel farming fish trapping systems years ago.evidence intensification across whole continent period.two regions australia central west coast eastern central early farmers cultivated yams native millet bush onions possibly permanent settlements.revolution middle ages europe islamic world agriculture transformed improved techniques diffusion crop plants including introduction sugar rice cotton fruit trees orange europe way alandalus.after columbian exchange brought new world crops maize potatoes tomatoes sweet potatoes manioc europe old world crops wheat barley rice turnips livestock including horses cattle sheep goats americas.irrigation crop rotation fertilizers advanced th century british agricultural revolution allowing global population rise significantly. |
Agriculture | since agriculture developed nations lesser extent developing world seen large rises productivity mechanization replaces human labor assisted synthetic fertilizers pesticides selective breeding.haberbosch method allowed synthesis ammonium nitrate fertilizer industrial scale greatly increasing crop yields sustaining increase global population.modern agriculture raised encountered ecological political economic issues including water pollution biofuels genetically modified organisms tariffs farm subsidies leading alternative approaches organic movement.types pastoralism involves managing domesticated animals.nomadic pastoralism herds livestock moved place place search pasture fodder water. |
Agriculture | type farming practised arid semiarid regions sahara central asia parts india.in shifting cultivation small area forest cleared cutting burning trees.cleared land used growing crops years soil becomes infertile area abandoned.another patch land selected process repeated.type farming practiced mainly areas abundant rainfall forest regenerates quickly.practice used northeast india southeast asia amazon basin.subsistence farming practiced satisfy family local needs alone little left transport elsewhere. |
Agriculture | intensively practiced monsoon asia southeast asia.estimated .billion subsistence farmers worked cultivating earths arable land.intensive farming cultivation maximise productivity low fallow ratio high use inputs water fertilizer pesticide automation.practiced mainly developed countries.contemporary agriculture status twentieth century intensive agriculture increased productivity. |
Agriculture | substituted synthetic fertilizers pesticides labour caused increased water pollution often involved farm subsidies.recent years backlash environmental effects conventional agriculture resulting organic regenerative sustainable agriculture movements.one major forces behind movement european union first certified organic food began reform common agricultural policy cap phase commoditylinked farm subsidies also known decoupling.growth organic farming renewed research alternative technologies integrated pest management selective breeding controlledenvironment agriculture.recent mainstream technological developments include genetically modified food. |
Agriculture | demand nonfood biofuel crops development former farm lands rising transportation costs climate change growing consumer demand china india population growth threatening food security many parts world.international fund agricultural development posits increase smallholder agriculture may part solution concerns food prices overall food security given favorable experience vietnam.soil degradation diseases stem rust major concerns globally approximately worlds agricultural land seriously degraded.agricultural output china largest world followed european union india united states.economists measure total factor productivity agriculture measure agriculture united states roughly . |
Agriculture | times productive .workforce following threesector theory number people employed agriculture primary activities fishing least developed countries less highly developed countries.since industrial revolution many countries made transition developed economies proportion people working agriculture steadily fallen.th century europe example population engaged agriculture th century dropped .countries today figure less .at start st century one billion people available work force employed agriculture. |
Agriculture | constitutes approximately global employment children many countries employs largest percentage women industry.service sector overtook agricultural sector largest global employer .safety agriculture specifically farming remains hazardous industry farmers worldwide remain high risk workrelated injuries lung disease noiseinduced hearing loss skin diseases well certain cancers related chemical use prolonged sun exposure.industrialized farms injuries frequently involve use agricultural machinery common cause fatal agricultural injuries developed countries tractor rollovers.pesticides chemicals used farming hazardous worker health workers exposed pesticides may experience illness children birth defects. |
Agriculture | industry families commonly share work live farm entire families risk injuries illness death.ages – may especially vulnerable population agriculture common causes fatal injuries among young farm workers include drowning machinery motor accidents including allterrain vehicles.the international labour organization considers agriculture one hazardous economic sectors.estimates annual workrelated death toll among agricultural employees least twice average rate jobs.addition incidences death injury illness related agricultural activities often go unreported.organization developed safety health agriculture convention covers range risks agriculture occupation prevention risks role individuals organizations engaged agriculture play.in united states agriculture identified national institute occupational safety health priority industry sector national occupational research agenda identify provide intervention strategies occupational health safety issues.in european union european agency safety health work issued guidelines implementing health safety directives agriculture livestock farming horticulture forestry. |
Agriculture | agricultural safety health council america ashca also holds yearly summit discuss safety.production overall production varies country listed.crop cultivation systems cropping systems vary among farms depending available resources constraints geography climate farm government policy economic social political pressures philosophy culture farmer.shifting cultivation slash burn system forests burnt releasing nutrients support cultivation annual perennial crops period several years.plot left fallow regrow forest farmer moves new plot returning many years –.fallow period shortened population density grows requiring input nutrients fertilizer manure manual pest control. |
Agriculture | annual cultivation next phase intensity fallow period.requires even greater nutrient pest control inputs.further industrialization led use monocultures one cultivar planted large acreage.low biodiversity nutrient use uniform pests tend build necessitating greater use pesticides fertilizers.multiple cropping several crops grown sequentially one year intercropping several crops grown time kinds annual cropping systems known polycultures.in subtropical arid environments timing extent agriculture may limited rainfall either allowing multiple annual crops year requiring irrigation.environments perennial crops grown coffee chocolate systems practiced agroforestry. |
Agriculture | temperate environments ecosystems predominantly grassland prairie highly productive annual farming dominant agricultural system.important categories food crops include cereals legumes forage fruits vegetables.natural fibers include cotton wool hemp silk flax.specific crops cultivated distinct growing regions throughout world.production listed millions metric tons based fao estimates.livestock production systems animal husbandry breeding raising animals meat milk eggs wool work transport. |
Agriculture | working animals including horses mules oxen water buffalo camels llamas alpacas donkeys dogs centuries used help cultivate fields harvest crops wrangle animals transport farm products buyers.livestock production systems defined based feed source grasslandbased mixed landless.earths ice waterfree area used producing livestock sector employing approximately .billion people.significant increase livestock production numbers carcass weight especially among beef pigs chickens latter production increased almost factor .nonmeat animals milk cows eggproducing chickens also showed significant production increases. |
Agriculture | global cattle sheep goat populations expected continue increase sharply .aquaculture fish farming production fish human consumption confined operations one fastest growing sectors food production growing average year .during second half th century producers using selective breeding focused creating livestock breeds crossbreeds increased production mostly disregarding need preserve genetic diversity.trend led significant decrease genetic diversity resources among livestock breeds leading corresponding decrease disease resistance local adaptations previously found among traditional breeds.grassland based livestock production relies upon plant material shrubland rangeland pastures feeding ruminant animals.outside nutrient inputs may used however manure returned directly grassland major nutrient source.system particularly important areas crop production feasible climate soil representing – million pastoralists. |
Agriculture | mixed production systems use grassland fodder crops grain feed crops feed ruminant monogastric one stomach mainly chickens pigs livestock.manure typically recycled mixed systems fertilizer crops.landless systems rely upon feed outside farm representing delinking crop livestock production found prevalently organisation economic cooperation development member countries.synthetic fertilizers heavily relied upon crop production manure use becomes challenge well source pollution.industrialized countries use operations produce much global supplies poultry pork.scientists estimate growth livestock production confined animal feeding operations sometimes called factory farming. |
Agriculture | much growth happening developing countries asia much smaller amounts growth africa.practices used commercial livestock production including usage growth hormones controversial.production practices tillage practice breaking soil tools plow harrow prepare planting nutrient incorporation pest control.tillage varies intensity conventional notill.may improve productivity warming soil incorporating fertilizer controlling weeds also renders soil prone erosion triggers decomposition organic matter releasing co reduces abundance diversity soil organisms.pest control includes management weeds insects mites diseases. |
Agriculture | chemical pesticides biological biocontrol mechanical tillage cultural practices used.cultural practices include crop rotation culling cover crops intercropping composting avoidance resistance.integrated pest management attempts use methods keep pest populations number would cause economic loss recommends pesticides last resort.nutrient management includes source nutrient inputs crop livestock production method use manure produced livestock.nutrient inputs chemical inorganic fertilizers manure green manure compost minerals.crop nutrient use may also managed using cultural techniques crop rotation fallow period. |
Agriculture | manure used either holding livestock feed crop growing managed intensive rotational grazing spreading either dry liquid formulations manure cropland pastures.water management needed rainfall insufficient variable occurs degree regions world.farmers use irrigation supplement rainfall.areas great plains u.s. canada farmers use fallow year conserve soil moisture use growing crop following year.agriculture represents freshwater use worldwide.according report international food policy research institute agricultural technologies greatest impact food production adopted combination using model assessed eleven technologies could impact agricultural productivity food security trade international food policy research institute found number people risk hunger could reduced much food prices could reduced almost half.payment ecosystem services method providing additional incentives encourage farmers conserve aspects environment.measures might include paying reforestation upstream city improve supply fresh water. |
Agriculture | crop alteration biotechnology plant breeding crop alteration practiced humankind thousands years since beginning civilization.altering crops breeding practices changes genetic makeup plant develop crops beneficial characteristics humans example larger fruits seeds droughttolerance resistance pests.significant advances plant breeding ensued work geneticist gregor mendel.work dominant recessive alleles although initially largely ignored almost years gave plant breeders better understanding genetics breeding techniques.crop breeding includes techniques plant selection desirable traits selfpollination crosspollination molecular techniques genetically modify organism.domestication plants centuries increased yield improved disease resistance drought tolerance eased harvest improved taste nutritional value crop plants. |
Agriculture | careful selection breeding enormous effects characteristics crop plants.plant selection breeding improved pasture grasses clover new zealand.extensive xray ultraviolet induced mutagenesis efforts i.e.primitive genetic engineering produced modern commercial varieties grains wheat corn maize barley.the green revolution popularized use conventional hybridization sharply increase yield creating highyielding varieties.example average yields corn maize us increased around . |
Agriculture | tons per hectare tha bushels per acre .tha bushels per acre .similarly worldwide average wheat yields increased less tha .tha .south american average wheat yields around tha african tha egypt arabia . |
Agriculture | tha irrigation.contrast average wheat yield countries france tha.variations yields due mainly variation climate genetics level intensive farming techniques use fertilizers chemical pest control growth control avoid lodging.genetic engineering genetically modified organisms gmo organisms whose genetic material altered genetic engineering techniques generally known recombinant dna technology.genetic engineering expanded genes available breeders use creating desired germlines new crops. |
Agriculture | increased durability nutritional content insect virus resistance herbicide tolerance attributes bred crops genetic engineering.gmo crops cause food safety food labeling concerns.numerous countries placed restrictions production import use gmo foods crops.currently global treaty biosafety protocol regulates trade gmos.ongoing discussion regarding labeling foods made gmos eu currently requires gmo foods labeled us not.herbicideresistant seed gene implanted genome allows plants tolerate exposure herbicides including glyphosate. |
Agriculture | seeds allow farmer grow crop sprayed herbicides control weeds without harming resistant crop.herbicidetolerant crops used farmers worldwide.increasing use herbicidetolerant crops comes increase use glyphosatebased herbicide sprays.areas glyphosate resistant weeds developed causing farmers switch herbicides.studies also link widespread glyphosate usage iron deficiencies crops crop production nutritional quality concern potential economic health implications.other gmo crops used growers include insectresistant crops gene soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis bt produces toxin specific insects. |
Agriculture | crops resist damage insects.believe similar better pestresistance traits acquired traditional breeding practices resistance various pests gained hybridization crosspollination wild species.cases wild species primary source resistance traits tomato cultivars gained resistance least diseases crossing wild populations tomatoes.environmental impact effects costs agriculture cause sensitive environmental degradation biodiversity loss desertification soil degradation global warming cause decrease crop yield.agriculture one important drivers environmental pressures particularly habitat change climate change water use toxic emissions. |
Agriculture | agriculture main source toxins released environment including insecticides especially used cotton.unep green economy report stated agricultural operations produced per cent anthropogenic global greenhouse gas emissions.includes gases use inorganic fertilizers agrochemical pesticides herbicides well fossil fuelenergy inputs.agriculture imposes multiple external costs upon society effects pesticide damage nature especially herbicides insecticides nutrient runoff excessive water usage loss natural environment.assessment agriculture uk determined total external costs £ million £ per hectare.analysis costs us concluded cropland imposes approximately billion per hectare livestock production imposes million. |
Agriculture | studies focused solely fiscal impacts concluded done internalize external costs.neither included subsidies analysis noted subsidies also influence cost agriculture society.agriculture seeks increase yield reduce costs.yield increases inputs fertilisers removal pathogens predators competitors weeds.costs decrease increasing scale farm units making fields larger means removing hedges ditches areas habitat.pesticides kill insects plants fungi. |
Agriculture | measures cut biodiversity low levels intensively farmed land.effective yields fall onfarm losses may caused poor production practices harvesting handling storage.livestock issues senior un official henning steinfeld said livestock one significant contributors todays serious environmental problems.livestock production occupies land used agriculture land surface planet.one largest sources greenhouse gases responsible worlds greenhouse gas emissions measured co equivalents. |
Agriculture | comparison transportation emits .co. produces humanrelated nitrous oxide times global warming potential co humaninduced methane times warming co. also generates ammonia emission.livestock expansion cited key factor driving deforestation amazon basin previously forested area occupied pastures remainder used feedcrops.deforestation land degradation livestock also driving reductions biodiversity.furthermore unep states methane emissions global livestock projected increase per cent current practices consumption patterns. |
Agriculture | land water issues land transformation use land yield goods services substantial way humans alter earths ecosystems driving force causing biodiversity loss.estimates amount land transformed humans vary .land degradation longterm decline ecosystem function productivity estimated occurring land worldwide cropland overrepresented.land management driving factor behind degradation .billion people rely upon degrading land. |
Agriculture | degradation deforestation desertification soil erosion mineral depletion acidification salinization.eutrophication excessive nutrient enrichment aquatic ecosystems resulting algal blooms anoxia leads fish kills loss biodiversity renders water unfit drinking industrial uses.excessive fertilization manure application cropland well high livestock stocking densities cause nutrient mainly nitrogen phosphorus runoff leaching agricultural land.nutrients major nonpoint pollutants contributing eutrophication aquatic ecosystems pollution groundwater harmful effects human populations.fertilisers also reduce terrestrial biodiversity increasing competition light favouring species able benefit added nutrients.agriculture accounts percent withdrawals freshwater resources.agriculture major draw water aquifers currently draws underground water sources unsustainable rate. |
Agriculture | long known aquifers areas diverse northern china upper ganges western us depleted new research extends problems aquifers iran mexico saudi arabia.increasing pressure placed water resources industry urban areas meaning water scarcity increasing agriculture facing challenge producing food worlds growing population reduced water resources.agricultural water usage also cause major environmental problems including destruction natural wetlands spread waterborne diseases land degradation salinization waterlogging irrigation performed incorrectly.pesticides pesticide use increased since .million short tons annually worldwide yet crop loss pests remained relatively constant. |
Agriculture | world health organization estimated three million pesticide poisonings occur annually causing deaths.pesticides select pesticide resistance pest population leading condition termed pesticide treadmill pest resistance warrants development new pesticide.an alternative argument way save environment prevent famine using pesticides intensive high yield farming view exemplified quote heading center global food issues website growing per acre leaves land nature.however critics argue tradeoff environment need food inevitable pesticides simply replace good agronomic practices crop rotation.push–pull agricultural pest management technique involves intercropping using plant aromas repel pests crops push lure place removed pull.climate change climate change agriculture interrelated global scale. |
Agriculture | global warming affects agriculture changes average temperatures rainfall weather extremes like storms heat waves changes pests diseases changes atmospheric carbon dioxide groundlevel ozone concentrations changes nutritional quality foods changes sea level.global warming already affecting agriculture effects unevenly distributed across world.future climate change probably negatively affect crop production low latitude countries effects northern latitudes may positive negative.global warming probably increase risk food insecurity vulnerable groups poor.animal husbandry also responsible greenhouse gas production co percentage worlds methane future land infertility displacement wildlife.agriculture contributes climate change anthropogenic emissions greenhouse gases conversion nonagricultural land forest agricultural use. |
Agriculture | agriculture forestry landuse change contributed around global annual emissions .range policies reduce risk negative climate change impacts agriculture greenhouse gas emissions agriculture sector.sustainability current farming methods resulted overstretched water resources high levels erosion reduced soil fertility.enough water continue farming using current practices therefore critical water land ecosystem resources used boost crop yields must reconsidered.solution would give value ecosystems recognizing environmental livelihood tradeoffs balancing rights variety users interests. |
Agriculture | inequities result measures adopted would need addressed reallocation water poor rich clearing land make way productive farmland preservation wetland system limits fishing rights.technological advancements help provide farmers tools resources make farming sustainable.technology permits innovations like conservation tillage farming process helps prevent land loss erosion reduces water pollution enhances carbon sequestration.potential practices include conservation agriculture agroforestry improved grazing avoided grassland conversion biochar.current monocrop farming practices united states preclude widespread adoption sustainable practices crop rotations incorporate grass hay annual crops unless negative emission goals soil carbon sequestration become policy.the international food policy research institute states agricultural technologies greatest impact food production adopted combination using model assessed eleven technologies could impact agricultural productivity food security trade found number people risk hunger could reduced much food prices could reduced almost half.food demand earths projected population current climate change predictions could satisfied improvement agricultural methods expansion agricultural areas sustainabilityoriented consumer mindset. |
Agriculture | energy dependence since agricultural productivity increased dramatically due largely increased use energyintensive mechanization fertilizers pesticides.vast majority energy input comes fossil fuel sources.green revolution transformed agriculture around globe world grain production increasing significantly wheat rice depending geographic area world population doubled.heavy reliance petrochemicals raised concerns oil shortages could increase costs reduce agricultural output.industrialized agriculture depends fossil fuels two fundamental ways direct consumption farm manufacture inputs used farm.direct consumption includes use lubricants fuels operate farm vehicles machinery.indirect consumption includes manufacture fertilizers pesticides farm machinery. |
Agriculture | particular production nitrogen fertilizer account half agricultural energy usage.together direct indirect consumption us farms accounts nations energy use.direct indirect energy consumption u.s. farms peaked since gradually declined.food systems encompass agriculture offfarm processing packaging transporting marketing consumption disposal food foodrelated items.agriculture accounts less onefifth food system energy use us. |
Agriculture | disciplines agricultural economics agricultural economics economics relates production distribution consumption agricultural goods services.combining agricultural production general theories marketing business discipline study began late grew significantly th century.although study agricultural economics relatively recent major trends agriculture significantly affected national international economies throughout history ranging tenant farmers sharecropping postamerican civil war southern united states european feudal system manorialism.united states elsewhere food costs attributed food processing distribution agricultural marketing sometimes referred value chain risen costs attributed farming declined.related greater efficiency farming combined increased level value addition e.g. |
Agriculture | highly processed products provided supply chain.market concentration increased sector well although total effect increased market concentration likely increased efficiency changes redistribute economic surplus producers farmers consumers may negative implications rural communities.national government policies significantly change economic marketplace agricultural products form taxation subsidies tariffs measures.since least combination trade restrictions exchange rate policies subsidies affected farmers developing developed world.nonsubsidized farmers developing countries experienced adverse effects national policies created artificially low global prices farm products.mids early several international agreements limited agricultural tariffs subsidies trade restrictions.however still significant amount policydriven distortion global agricultural product prices. |
Agriculture | three agricultural products trade distortion sugar milk rice mainly due taxation.among oilseeds sesame taxation overall feed grains oilseeds much lower levels taxation livestock products.since policydriven distortions seen greater decrease among livestock products crops worldwide reforms agricultural policy.despite progress certain crops cotton still see subsidies developed countries artificially deflating global prices causing hardship developing countries nonsubsidized farmers.unprocessed commodities corn soybeans cattle generally graded indicate quality affecting price producer receives. |
Agriculture | commodities generally reported production quantities volume number weight.agricultural science agricultural science broad multidisciplinary field biology encompasses parts exact natural economic social sciences used practice understanding agriculture.covers topics agronomy plant breeding genetics plant pathology crop modelling soil science entomology production techniques improvement study pests management study adverse environmental effects soil degradation waste management bioremediation.the scientific study agriculture began th century johann friedrich mayer conducted experiments use gypsum hydrated calcium sulphate fertilizer.research became systematic john lawes henry gilbert began set longterm agronomy field experiments rothamsted research station england park grass experiment still running.america hatch act provided funding first call agricultural science driven farmers interest fertilizers. |
Agriculture | agricultural entomology usda began research biological control instituted first large program searching europe japan natural enemies gypsy moth browntail moth establishing parasitoids solitary wasps predators pests usa.policy agricultural policy set government decisions actions relating domestic agriculture imports foreign agricultural products.governments usually implement agricultural policies goal achieving specific outcome domestic agricultural product markets.overarching themes include risk management adjustment including policies related climate change food safety natural disasters economic stability including policies related taxes natural resources environmental sustainability especially water policy research development market access domestic commodities including relations global organizations agreements countries.agricultural policy also touch food quality ensuring food supply consistent known quality food security ensuring food supply meets populations needs conservation. |
Agriculture | policy programs range financial programs subsidies encouraging producers enroll voluntary quality assurance programs.there many influences creation agricultural policy including consumers agribusiness trade lobbies groups.agribusiness interests hold large amount influence policy making form lobbying campaign contributions.political action groups including interested environmental issues labor unions also provide influence lobbying organizations representing individual agricultural commodities.food agriculture organization united nations fao leads international efforts defeat hunger provides forum negotiation global agricultural regulations agreements.samuel jutzi director faos animal production health division states lobbying large corporations stopped reforms would improve human health environment. |
Agriculture | example proposals voluntary code conduct livestock industry would provided incentives improving standards health environmental regulations number animals area land support without longterm damage successfully defeated due large food company pressure.see also references cited sources acquaah george .principles crop production theory techniques technology.prentice hall.isbn .chrispeels maarten j. sadava david e. . |
Agriculture | plants genes agriculture.boston massachusetts jones bartlett.isbn .needham joseph .science civilization china.taipei caves books. |
Kaspersky Lab | external links food agriculture organizationunited states department agricultureagriculture material world bank groupagriculture collected news commentary.new york times.agriculture collected news commentary guardianlaboratoriya kasperskogo russian multinational cybersecurity antivirus provider headquartered moscow russia operated holding company united kingdom.founded eugene kaspersky natalya kaspersky alexey demonderik eugene kaspersky currently ceo.kaspersky lab develops sells antivirus internet security password management endpoint security cybersecurity products services.kaspersky expanded abroad grew million annual revenues though annual revenues north america due u.s. government security concerns.software million users largest marketshare cybersecurity software vendors europe.kaspersky lab ranks fourth global ranking antivirus vendors revenue. |
Kaspersky Lab | first russian company included rating worlds leading software companies called software top th list .kaspersky lab ranked th endpoint security segment according idc data .according gartner kaspersky lab currently third largest vendor consumer security software worldwide fifth largest vendor enterprise endpoint protection.kaspersky lab named leader gartner magic quadrant endpoint protection platforms.the kaspersky global research analysis team great led discovery sophisticated espionage platforms conducted nations equation group stuxnet worm.various covert governmentsponsored cyberespionage efforts uncovered research. |
Kaspersky Lab | kaspersky also publishes annual global security risks survey.kasperskys research hubs analyze malware samples per day.kaspersky faced controversy allegations engaged russian federal security service fsb—ties company actively denied.u.s. department homeland security banned kaspersky products government departments september .october subsequent reports alleged hackers working russian government stole confidential data home computer american national security agency contractor via kaspersky antivirus software.kaspersky denied allegations reporting software detected equation group malware samples uploaded servers analysis normal course operation. |
Kaspersky Lab | company since announced commitments increased accountability soliciting independent reviews verification softwares source code announcing would migrate core infrastructure foreign customers russia switzerland.history first version kaspersky labs antivirus software developed eugene kaspersky response cascade virus.early versions virus definitions mostly distributed friends family members.eugene continued developing software kami resulting antiviral toolkit pro avp product released .popularized competitive analysis hamburg university gave eugenes software first place.in eugene kaspersky wife natalya kaspersky alexey demonderik left kami form kaspersky lab continue developing antivirus product called avp. |
Kaspersky Lab | product renamed kaspersky antivirus american company registered avp trademark us.in taiwanese student released virus called cih.first three weeks outbreak kaspersky labs avp software time able remove it.increased demand led deals antivirus companies japan finland germany integrate avp software.according wired kasperskys software advanced time.example first software monitor viruses isolated quarantine.companys revenue grew percent percent revenue coming foreign sales. |
Kaspersky Lab | natalya worked broker deals abroad localize software.opened offices uk poland holland china.later expanded germany france us japan.company employees sales countries.kaspersky opened new offices south east asia middle east south africa . |
Kaspersky Lab | also expanded india middle east africa .retail sales kaspersky labs antivirus products reached almost .million copies per year.in general atlantic bought percent share kaspersky lab million expectation helping company go public.months later decision made keep firm private kaspersky repurchased shares general atlantic.followed numerous executive departures regarding disputes going public eugenes management style.on january kaspersky lab officially left business software alliance bsa sopa. |
Kaspersky Lab | bsa supported controversial antipiracy bill kaspersky lab support stating believe measures used contrary modern advances technology needs consumers show disapproval announced intent leave december .by company unaudited million annual revenues.kaspersky lab signed distribution deal ingram micro significantly expanded reseller program.in august two former kaspersky employees alleged company introduced modified files virustotal antivirus database trick software kaspersky competitors triggering false positives virus malware scans.possible motive eugene allegedly furious competitors perceived unfairly freeriding kasperskys malware discoveries via opensource virustotal database.company denied allegations.personal blog eugene kaspersky compared accusations unsubstantiated conspiracy theories. |
Kaspersky Lab | reuters followed publishing leaked emails allegedly kaspersky alluding falsies rubbing foreign competitors kaspersky lab stated emails may legitimate obtained anonymous sources hidden agenda.in kaspersky executive ruslan stoyanov arrested russian authorities charges predating work kaspersky.convicted treason.products kaspersky lab develops markets antivirus internet security password management endpoint security cybersecurity products services.fourth fifth largest endpoint security vendor third largest consumer security software company.sixth largest overall security company. |
Kaspersky Lab | revenues percent russian companies domestically onethird european organizations onefourth u.s. organizations.software million users all.kasperskys consumer software include antivirus internet security total security products.antivirus software includes malware protection monitors pc suspicious program behavior warns users potentially dangerous websites.internet security software adds privacy features parental controls antiphishing tools.total security adds parental controls adult website filters diagnostic tools password manager application features. |
Kaspersky Lab | kasperskys software available macs pcs android ios windows mobile blackberry symbian.for businesses company markets kaspersky endpoint security business suite.includes centralized user interface management application called kaspersky security center.cybersecurity software called kaspersky security network.kaspersky administration kitsecurity center manages configuration installation remote use.business suite also quarantine reporting features. |
Kaspersky Lab | software product businesses staff less called kaspersky small office security ksos.within suite products specifically virtualization security mobile security fraud protection among others.kaspersky also develops free tool helps businesses gain access windows devices infected ransomware.partnerships kaspersky antivirus engine also powers products solutions security vendors check point bluecoat juniper networks microsoft forefront netintelligence clearswift frontbridge netasq wedge networks others.altogether companies licensing technology kaspersky lab. |
Kaspersky Lab | kaspersky lab also number partnerships various technology companies.the international multilateral partnership cyber threats datuk mohd noor amin acts chairman announced appointment harry cheung – managing director kaspersky lab apac – goodwill ambassador greater china.kaspersky lab runs several global sponsorships example scuderia ferrari racing team geographical expeditions.on december kaspersky lab announced extended year partnership scuderia ferrari also become brand’s esports team partner.market assessments reception according pc magazine kaspersky antivirus competitor bitdefender consistently ranked top independent competitive tests.pc magazines malware phishing tests similar results praised softwares bonus security tools.cons magazine said took longerthanexpected complete scan.magazine said kaspersky total security product impressive feature list praised extra features total security product like password management encryption parental controls. |
Kaspersky Lab | pc magazine said product scored highly lab tests antivirus antiphishing features.soso scores antimalware tests wasnt able catch spam.kasperskys endpoint security windows product topranked enterprise antivirus software competitive test dennis technology labs followed symantec endpoint protection.avcomparatives awarded kaspersky product year based number high scores gotten throughout year wide range tests.pc magazine praised softwares features said lacked policy management deployment options.kasperskys parental controls software reviewed pc magazine. |
Kaspersky Lab | reviewer said wellrounded affordable parental control monitoring.praised softwares content filtering child profiles social media monitoring features criticized features available ios android.the antivirus software testing group avcomparatives gave windows xp version kaspersky av advanced rating highest february ondemand detection test fourth highest detection rate among products tested.however retrospectiveproactive test may kaspersky received standard rating detecting new malware month old signatures receiving substantial amount false positives.the firewall included kaspersky internet security .got good rating matousecs firewall challenge result .kaspersky antivirus . |
Kaspersky Lab | achieved .result anti malware labs rootkit detection test.also achieved detection polymorphic viruses result selfprotection test.in kaspersky internet security received award british magazine pc pro also place list.kaspersky passed virus bulletin comparative tests since august .according pc world magazine kaspersky antivirus software provided fastest updates new virus security threats industry.in pc world magazines march comparison consumer security suites kaspersky internet security scored .stars rated second overall. |
Kaspersky Lab | december version avcomparatives annual reports kaspersky labs software achieved highest overall ranking earned av comparatives product year award.on february kaspersky internet security earned avtest award best repair award field home user products avtest institute.january kaspersky endpoint security earned avtest award best protection avtest award best repair awards field corporate products avtest institute.later kaspersky earned product year award avcomparatives highest score among enterprise solutions dennis technology labs report.kaspersky also received certification products oesis ok certification program verifies applications interoperable thirdparty technology solutions like nac ssl vpn products cisco systems juniper networks f networks others.malware discovery kaspersky labs global research analysis team great established .investigates cybersecurity threats work malware operations.security companies often evaluated ability uncover previously unknown viruses vulnerabilities. |
Kaspersky Lab | kasperskys reputation investigating cybersecurity threats influential gaining sales prestige.beginning around kaspersky exposed series governmentsponsored cyberespionage sabotage efforts.include stuxnet duqu flame gauss regin equation group.according wired many seemingly launched us uk israeli allies.kaspersky especially wellknown work uncovering stuxnet flame.stuxnetin kaspersky lab worked microsoft counteract stuxnet worm infected industrial locations iran using four zeroday vulnerabilities microsoft windows. |
Kaspersky Lab | according ieee spectrum circumstances strongly suggest worm developed united states israel damage centrifuges irans nuclearenrichment program.first discovery major governmentsponsored cyberattack.flamein may kaspersky lab identified malware flame researcher described potentially sophisticated cyber weapon yet unleashed.according researchers kaspersky lab malware infected estimated machines worldwide asked united nations international telecommunication union investigate reports virus affecting iranian oil ministry computers.kaspersky lab investigated discovered md hash filename appeared customer machines middle eastern nations.discovering pieces researchers dubbed program flame name one modules.flame earlier variant stuxnet. |
Kaspersky Lab | kaspersky never verified source software suspected developed national security agency nsa transmit keystrokes skype calls data.kaspersky created algorithms find similar malware found gauss july collected transmitted data devices infected bluetooth usb drives.red octoberin january kaspersky discovered red october malware used widespread cyberespionage five years.targeted political targets like embassies nuclear sites mostly europe switzerland north america.malware likely written russianspeaking hackers exploits chinese hackers.june kaspersky discovered nettraveler said obtaining data emerging technology government targets oil companies. |
Kaspersky Lab | kaspersky identify behind similar cyberespionage coming beijing china.later year kaspersky discovered hacker group called icefog investigating cybersecurity attack japanese television company.kaspersky said hacker group possibly china unique targeted specific files seemed know planting malware extract them.maskin february kaspersky identified malware mask infected organizations countries.many organizations affected morocco.files spanish group believed nationstate conducting espionage kaspersky speculate country may developed it.reginin november symantec kaspersky authored papers contained first disclosure malicious software named regin. |
Kaspersky Lab | according kaspersky regin similar qwerty malware program discovered next year.regin used take remote control computer believed originated five eyes alliance.month kaspersky reported darkhotel attack targeted users wireless networks hotels asia.asked users update software downloaded malware gave passwords.equation groupin kaspersky identified highly sophisticated threat actor called equation group.group incorporated sophisticated spying software firmware hard drives banks government agencies nuclear researchers military facilities countries frequent targets us intelligence efforts. |
Kaspersky Lab | suspected developed national security agency nsa included many unique technical achievements better avoid detection.day kaspersky announced discovery hacker group called carbanak targeting banks moving millions dollars fake accounts.carbanak discovered one bank asked kaspersky investigate suspicious behavior atms.similar malware using techniques carbanak discovered dubbed carbanak ..duquin june kaspersky reported network infiltrated governmentsponsored malware.evidence suggested malware created developers duqu stuxnet order get intelligence would help better avoid detection kaspersky future. |
Kaspersky Lab | kaspersky called duqu .. malicious software resided memory avoid detection.hack believed done group duqu .used exploits microsoft installer files.android cyberespionagein june kaspersky lab citizen lab independently discovered software developed hacking team used governments around world covertly record data mobile phones citizens.software gave police enforcement menu features access emails text messages keystrokes call history data.kaspersky also identified attacks banking companies used modifications malware called asacub took control android devices. |
Kaspersky Lab | asacub targeted mostly banking customers u.s. russia ukraine using sms message baited users installing trojan.silverlightin kaspersky discovered zero day vulnerability microsoft silverlight.kaspersky identified string code often used exploits created suspected author.used yara rules network kaspersky software users find string code uncover rest exploit.afterwards microsoft issued critical software patch protect software vulnerability.poseidon groupin kaspersky uncovered poseidon group would infiltrate corporations malware using phishing emails get hired company security firm correct problem.hired poseidon would install additional malware backdoors. |
Kaspersky Lab | june kaspersky helped uncover russian hacking group leading arrests.titaniumin kaspersky uncovered titanium advanced insidious backdoor malware apt developed platinum cybercrime collective.kaspersky lab reported malware november .bans allegations russian government ties since kaspersky alleged close ties russian government various western media outlets finally us government itself.president trump signed legislation ban software kaspersky government computers.us government institutions prohibited buying installing kaspersky software computers devices. |
Peninsula Granite Fynbos | see also notes references external links official websitecyber threat realtime maplog cybersecurity discoveriesunique type tall dense diverse scrubland scattered trees.found along belt granite encircles table mountain.natural distribution unique vegetation type occurs within city cape town particularly band encircles table mountain range – following stratum cape granite suite.occurs lions head north hout bay muizenberg south.also isolated patch near simonstown south.it grows gentler lower slopes table mountain rolling hills valleys rich deep soils formed eroded granite. |
Peninsula Granite Fynbos | rich soils gentle terrain ecosystem destroyed make way vineyards wealthy suburbs commercial pine plantations.fact largest patches exposed granite soils newlands wynberg hill constantia areas developed housing farmed planted invasive pine trees.description peninsula granite fynbos dominated asteraceous daisy proteoid protea species although erica restio species become dominant wetter patches.there two distinct subtypes vegetation especially endangered south peninsula granite fynbos grows lush southern eastern slopes north peninsula granite fynbos dominates drier northern western slopes.a striking feature vegetation presence massive treelike proteas groves waboom trees protea nitida grow northern section famous silvertrees leucadendron argenteum dominate wetter southern eastern slopes endemic grey tree pincushion protea leucospermum conocarpodendron covers drier western slopes.tall dense indigenous afromontane forest different vegetation type takes fynbos areas protected seasonal fires especially river valleys wetter areas.peninsula granite fynbos used support great many wild animals larger game mostly locally extinct.threats vulnerable species today major threat endangered ecosystem definitely invasive alien plants. |
Peninsula Granite Fynbos | two main invaders wattles especially blackwood also black wattle stinkbean pines.fact much remnants endangered vegetation type still beneath large commercial pine plantations.however apart main two great many invasive plant species – trees smaller plants.actually one severely invaded vegetation types south africa.another threat prevention seasonal fires naturally sweep area every years replenishing revitalising vegetation. |
Access control | without fires fynbos plants grow old die seeds cannot germinate.areas dense afrotemperate forest expand replace fynbos.some plants endemic vegetation type occur nowhere else leucadendron grandiflorum wynberg conebush tall protea extincthermannia micrantha smallflowered dolls rose flowering shrubgnidia parvula smallflowered saffron bush low shrubcliffortia carinata crown climbers friendpolycarena silenoides granite cape flax small herberepsia patula spreading everfig succulent shrublampranthus curvifolius bakoven brightfig succulentaristea pauciflora unistem aristea geophytic herbwilldenowia affinis table mountain window reed graminoida related vegetation type boland granite fynbos vulnerable fynbos type occurs east.see also biodiversity cape towncecilia parknewlands forestpeninsula sandstone fynbostable mountaincategoryfynbos references external links iucn red list.org threatened ecosystems south africa descriptions maps — peninsula granite fynbos pg..act accessing may mean consuming entering using.permission access resource called authorization.locks login credentials two analogous mechanisms access control.physical security geographical access control may enforced personnel e.g.border guard bouncer ticket checker device turnstile.may fences avoid circumventing access control. |
Access control | alternative access control strict sense physically controlling access system checking authorized presence see e.g.ticket controller transportation.variant exit control e.g.shop checkout country.the term access control refers practice restricting entrance property building room authorized persons.physical access control achieved human guard bouncer receptionist mechanical means locks keys technological means access control systems like mantrap. |
Access control | within environments physical key management may also employed means managing monitoring access mechanically keyed areas access certain small assets.physical access control matter when.access control system determines allowed enter exit allowed exit enter allowed enter exit.historically partially accomplished keys locks.door locked someone key enter door depending lock configured.mechanical locks keys allow restriction key holder specific times dates. |
Access control | mechanical locks keys provide records key used specific door keys easily copied transferred unauthorized person.mechanical key lost key holder longer authorized use protected area locks must rekeyed.electronic access control electronic access control eac uses computers solve limitations mechanical locks keys.wide range credentials used replace mechanical keys.electronic access control system grants access based credential presented. |
Access control | access granted door unlocked predetermined time transaction recorded.access refused door remains locked attempted access recorded.system also monitor door alarm door forced open held open long unlocked.when credential presented reader reader sends credentials information usually number control panel highly reliable processor.control panel compares credentials number access control list grants denies presented request sends transaction log database.access denied based access control list door remains locked. |
Access control | match credential access control list control panel operates relay turn unlocks door.control panel also ignores door open signal prevent alarm.often reader provides feedback flashing red led access denied flashing green led access granted.the description illustrates single factor transaction.credentials passed around thus subverting access control list.example alice access rights server room bob not. |
Access control | alice either gives bob credential bob takes access server room.prevent twofactor authentication used.two factor transaction presented credential second factor needed access granted another factor pin second credential operator intervention biometric input.there three types factors authenticating informationsomething user knows e.g.password passphrase pinsomething user smart card key fobsomething user fingerprint verified biometric measurementpasswords common means verifying users identity access given information systems.addition fourth factor authentication recognized someone know whereby another person knows provide human element authentication situations systems set allow scenarios. |
Access control | example user may password forgotten smart card.scenario user known designated cohorts cohorts may provide smart card password combination extant factor user question thus provide two factors user missing credential giving three factors overall allow access.credential credential physicaltangible object piece knowledge facet persons physical enables individual access given physical facility computerbased information system.typically credentials something person knows number pin something access badge something biometric feature something measurable behavioural patterns combination items.known multifactor authentication. |
Access control | typical credential access card keyfob newer software also turn users smartphones access devices.there many card technologies including magnetic stripe bar code wiegand khz proximity bit cardswipe contact smart cards contactless smart cards.also available keyfobs compact id cards attach key ring.biometric technologies include fingerprint facial recognition iris recognition retinal scan voice hand geometry.builtin biometric technologies found newer smartphones also used credentials conjunction access software running mobile devices.addition older traditional card access technologies newer technologies near field communication nfc bluetooth low energy ultrawideband uwb also communicate user credentials readers system building access. |
Access control | access control system components components access control system includean access control panel also known controlleran accesscontrolled entry door turnstile parking gate elevator physical barriera reader installed near entry.cases exit also controlled second reader used opposite side entry.locking hardware electric door strikes electromagnetic locksa magnetic door switch monitoring door positionrequesttoexit rte devices allowing egress.rte button pushed motion detector detects motion door door alarm temporarily ignored door opened.exiting door without electrically unlock door called mechanical free egress.important safety feature. |
Access control | cases lock must electrically unlocked exit requesttoexit device also unlocks door.access control topology access control decisions made comparing credentials access control list.lookup done host server access control panel reader.development access control systems observed steady push lookup central host edge system reader.predominant topology circa hub spoke control panel hub readers spokes. |
Access control | lookup control functions control panel.spokes communicate serial connection usually rs.manufactures pushing decision making edge placing controller door.controllers ip enabled connect host database using standard networks types readers access control readers may classified functions able performbasic nonintelligent readers simply read card number pin forward control panel.case biometric identification readers output id number user. |
Access control | typically wiegand protocol used transmitting data control panel options rs rs clockdata uncommon.popular type access control readers.examples readers rf tiny rflogics proxpoint hid p farpointe data.semiintelligent readers inputs outputs necessary control door hardware lock door contact exit button make access decisions.user presents card enters pin reader sends information main controller waits response.connection main controller interrupted readers stop working function degraded mode. |
Access control | usually semiintelligent readers connected control panel via rs bus.examples readers infoprox lite ipl cem systems ap apollo.intelligent readers inputs outputs necessary control door hardware also memory processing power necessary make access decisions independently.like semiintelligent readers connected control panel via rs bus.control panel sends configuration updates retrieves events readers.examples readers could infoprox ipo cem systems ap apollo. |
Access control | also new generation intelligent readers referred ip readers.systems ip readers usually traditional control panels readers communicate directly pc acts host.some readers may additional features lcd function buttons data collection purposes i.e.clockinclockout events attendance reports cameraspeakermicrophone intercom smart card readwrite support.access control system topologies .serial controllers. |
Access control | controllers connected host pc via serial rs communication line via current loop older systems.external rs converters internal rs cards installed standard pcs rs communication ports.advantagesrs standard allows long cable runs feet mrelatively short response time.maximum number devices rs line limited means host frequently request status updates device display events almost real time.high reliability security communication line shared systems.disadvantagesrs allow startype wiring unless splitters usedrs well suited transferring large amounts data i.e.configuration users.highest possible throughput . |
Access control | kbitsec system downgraded .kbitsec less increase reliability.rs allow host pc communicate several controllers connected port simultaneously.therefore large systems transfers configuration users controllers may take long time interfering normal operations.controllers cannot initiate communication case alarm.host pc acts master rs communication line controllers wait polled.special serial switches required order build redundant host pc setup.separate rs lines installed instead using already existing network infrastructure.cable meets rs standards significantly expensive regular category utp network cable.operation system highly dependent host pc.case host pc fails events controllers retrieved functions require interaction controllers i.e. |
Access control | antipassback stop working.. serial main subcontrollers.door hardware connected subcontrollers a.k.a.door controllers door interfaces.subcontrollers usually make access decisions instead forward requests main controllers.main controllers usually support subcontrollers.advantageswork load host pc significantly reduced needs communicate main controllers.the overall cost system lower subcontrollers usually simple inexpensive devices.all advantages listed first paragraph apply.disadvantagesoperation system highly dependent main controllers. |
Access control | case one main controllers fails events subcontrollers retrieved functions require interaction subcontrollers i.e.antipassback stop working.some models subcontrollers usually lower cost memory processing power make access decisions independently.main controller fails subcontrollers change degraded mode doors either completely locked unlocked events recorded.subcontrollers avoided used areas require high security.main controllers tend expensive therefore topology well suited systems multiple remote locations doors.all rsrelated disadvantages listed first paragraph apply.. serial main controllers intelligent readers.door hardware connected directly intelligent semiintelligent readers. |
Access control | readers usually make access decisions forward requests main controller.connection main controller unavailable readers use internal database make access decisions record events.semiintelligent reader database cannot function without main controller used areas require high security.main controllers usually support readers.advantages disadvantages ones listed second paragraph. |
Access control | .serial controllers terminal servers.spite rapid development increasing use computer networks access control manufacturers remained conservative rush introduce networkenabled products.pressed solutions network connectivity many chose option requiring less efforts addition terminal server device converts serial data transmission via lan wan.advantagesallows utilizing existing network infrastructure connecting separate segments system.provides convenient solution cases installation rs line would difficult impossible.disadvantagesincreases complexity system.creates additional work installers usually terminal servers configured independently interface access control software.serial communication link controller terminal server acts bottleneck even though data host pc terminal server travels mbitsec network speed must slow serial speed .kbitsec less. |
Access control | also additional delays introduced process conversion serial network data.all rsrelated advantages disadvantages also apply.. networkenabled main controllers.topology nearly described second third paragraphs.advantages disadvantages apply onboard network interface offers couple valuable improvements.transmission configuration user data main controllers faster may done parallel.makes system responsive interrupt normal operations. |
Access control | special hardware required order achieve redundant host pc setup case primary host pc fails secondary host pc may start polling network controllers.disadvantages introduced terminal servers listed fourth paragraph also eliminated..ip controllers.controllers connected host pc via ethernet lan wan.advantagesan existing network infrastructure fully utilized need install new communication lines.there limitations regarding number controllers per line cases rs.special rs installation termination grounding troubleshooting knowledge required.communication controllers may done full network speed important transferring lot data databases thousands users possibly including biometric records.in case alarm controllers may initiate connection host pc. |
Access control | ability important large systems serves reduce network traffic caused unnecessary polling.simplifies installation systems consisting multiple sites separated large distances.basic internet link sufficient establish connections remote locations.wide selection standard network equipment available provide connectivity various situations fiber wireless vpn dual path poedisadvantagesthe system becomes susceptible network related problems delays case heavy traffic network equipment failures.access controllers workstations may become accessible hackers network organization well protected.threat may eliminated physically separating access control network network organization.ip controllers utilize either linux platform proprietary operating systems makes difficult hack.industry standard data encryption also used.maximum distance hub switch controller using copper cable meters ft.operation system dependent host pc. |
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