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Access control | case host pc fails events controllers retrieved functions require interaction controllers i.e.antipassback stop working.controllers however peertopeer communication option order reduce dependency host pc.. ip readers.readers connected host pc via ethernet lan wan.advantagesmost ip readers poe capable.feature makes easy... |
Access control | door controller would unused capacity controlling doors.ip reader systems scale easily need install new main subcontrollers.failure one ip reader affect readers system.disadvantagesin order used highsecurity areas ip readers require special inputoutput modules eliminate possibility intrusion accessing lock andor exit b... |
Access control | risk minimized security awareness training user population active means turnstiles.highsecurity applications risk minimized using sally port sometimes called security vestibule mantrap operator intervention required presumably assure valid identification.the second common risk levering door open.relatively difficult pr... |
Access control | newer access control systems incorporate type door prop alarm inform system administrators door left open longer specified length time.the third common security risk natural disasters.order mitigate risk natural disasters structure building quality network computer equipment vital.organizational perspective leadership ... |
Access control | vulnerability along lines breaking sidelights.spoofing locking hardware fairly simple elegant levering.strong magnet operate solenoid controlling bolts electric locking hardware.motor locks prevalent europe us also susceptible attack using doughnutshaped magnet.also possible manipulate power lock either removing adding... |
Access control | hacker simply walks user reads card presents number reader securing door.possible card numbers sent clear encryption used.counter dual authentication methods card plus pin always used.many access control credentials unique serial numbers programmed sequential order manufacturing.known sequential attack intruder credent... |
Access control | mechanical key locks vulnerable bumping.needtoknow principle need know principle enforced user access controls authorization procedures objective ensure authorized individuals gain access information systems necessary undertake duties.computer security computer security general access control includes authentication au... |
Access control | authentication methods tokens include passwords biometric analysis physical keys electronic keys devices hidden paths social barriers monitoring humans automated systems.in accesscontrol model entities perform actions system called subjects entities representing resources access may need controlled called objects see a... |
Access control | example access certain service data source granted declined personal behavior e.g.request interval exceeds one query per second.historyofpresence based access control hpbacaccess control resources defined terms presence policies need satisfied presence records stored requestor.policies usually written terms frequency s... |
Access control | example security clearance users classification data confidential secret top secret used security labels define level trust.organizationbased access control orbac orbac model allows policy designer define security policy independently implementationrolebased access control rbacrbac allows access based job title.rbac la... |
Access control | see also alarm device alarm management security alarmcard reader common access card magnetic stripe card proximity card smart card optical turnstile access badgecastle fortificationcomputer security logical security .htaccess wiegand effect xacml credentialdoor security lock picking lock security device electronic lock... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | also able provide electronic warfare intelligence surveillance reconnaissance capabilities.lockheed martin prime f contractor principal partners northrop grumman bae systems.aircraft three main variants conventional takeoff landing ctol fa short takeoff verticallanding stovl fb carrierbased cvcatobar fc.the aircraft de... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | program drawn much scrutiny criticism unprecedented size complexity ballooning costs muchdelayed deliveries numerous technical flaws still corrected.acquisition strategy concurrent production aircraft still development testing led expensive design changes retrofits.the fb entered service u.s. marine corps july followed... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | development program origins f product joint strike fighter jsf program merger various combat aircraft programs s. one progenitor program defense advanced research projects agency darpa advanced short takeoffvertical landing astovl ran astovl aimed develop harrier jump jet replacement u.s. marine corps usmc u.k. royal n... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | afx initially known advancedattack ax began usns followon advanced tactical aircraft ata program replacement atas resulting avenger ii canceled due technical problems cost overruns .year termination naval advanced tactical fighter natf offshoot usafs advanced tactical fighter atf program replace f resulted additional f... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | jast subsequently renamed joint strike fighter jsf stovl submissions mcdonnell douglas northrop grumman lockheed martin boeing.jsf expected eventually replace large numbers multirole strike fighters inventories us allies including harrier f fa f.international participation key aspect jsf program starting united kingdom... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | jsf competition boeing lockheed martin selected early cdp concept demonstrator aircraft designated x x respectively mcdonnell douglas team eliminated northrop grumman british aerospace joined lockheed martin team.firm would produce two prototype air vehicles demonstrate conventional takeoff landing ctol carrier takeoff... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | contrast boeings x employed direct lift system augmented turbofan would reconfigured engaging stovl operation.lockheed martins commonality strategy replace stovl variants sdlf fuel tank aft swivel nozzle twodimensional thrust vectoring nozzle ctol variant.would enable identical aerodynamic configuration stovl ctol vari... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | flights aircraft converted xb stovl testing key changes including addition sdlf threebearing swivel module bsm rollcontrol ducts.xb would successfully demonstrate sdlf system performing stable hover vertical landing short takeoff less ft m. xc first flew december conducted field landing carrier practice tests.on octobe... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | cm aft retain balance control.diverterless supersonic inlet changed foursided threesided cowl shape moved inches cm aft.fuselage section fuller top surface raised inch .cm along centerline accommodate weapons bays.following designation x prototypes three variants designated fa ctol fb stovl fc cv. |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | prime contractor lockheed martin performs overall systems integration final assembly checkout faco northrop grumman bae systems supply components mission systems airframe.adding systems fighter aircraft added weight.fb gained largely due decision enlarge weapons bays commonality variants total weight growth reportedly ... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | weight reduction work cost .billion caused month delay.the first fa designated aa rolled fort worth texas february first flew december .f given name lightning ii lockheed p lightning world war ii.usaf pilots nicknamed aircraft panther instead.the aircrafts software developed six releases blocks sdd.first two blocks b r... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | block improved training capabilities b first combatready release planned usmcs initial operating capability ioc.block retains capabilities b new hardware planned usafs ioc.final release sdd block f would full flight envelope baseline combat capabilities.alongside software releases block also incorporates avionics hardw... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | flight test hours final flight sdd phase completed april .like f f targeted cyberattacks technology theft efforts well potential vulnerabilities integrity supply chain.testing found several major problems early fb airframes premature cracking fc arrestor hook design unreliable fuel tanks vulnerable lightning strikes he... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | decision simultaneously test fix defects begin production criticized inefficient secretary defense acquisition frank kendall called acquisition malpractice.three variants shared parts far anticipated commonality .program received considerable criticism cost overruns total projected lifetime cost well quality management... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | delays cost overruns pushed f programs expected acquisition costs .billion total lifetime cost i.e..trillion thenyear dollars also includes operations maintenance.unit cost lrip lot fa . |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | million.delays development operational test evaluation pushed fullrate production .upgrades development first combatcapable block b configuration basic airtoair strike capabilities declared ready usmc july .block f configuration began operational test evaluation ote december completion conclude sdd.f program also condu... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | first upgrade program called continuous capability development delivery cd began currently planned run .nearterm development priority cd block would integrate additional weapons including unique international customers refresh avionics improve esm capabilities add remotely operated video enhanced receiver rover support... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | countermeasure system would share space distributed aperture system das sensors acts laser missile jammer protect infraredhoming missiles.israel wants access core avionics include equipment.procurement international participation united states primary customer financial backer planned procurement fas usaf fbs fcs usmc ... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | three tiers international participation generally reflect financial stake program amount technology transfer subcontracts open bid national companies order countries obtain production aircraft.alongside program partner countries israel singapore joined security cooperative participants scp.sales scp nonpartner nations ... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | italy reduced order fs .australia decided buy faf super hornet eag growler interim measures.on april auditor general canada published report outlining problems canadas f procurement report states government knowingly understated final cost fs billion.following federal election canadian government liberal party decided ... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | billion.swiss antimilitary group gsoa supported greens social democrats intends contest purchase peoples initiative would constitutionally prohibit deal.december finland announced decision buy fas.design overview f family singleengine supersonic stealth multirole fighters.second fifth generation fighter enter us servic... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | flight control surfaces include leadingedge flaps flaperons rudders allmoving horizontal tails stabilators leading edge root extensions also run forwards inlets.relatively short foot wingspan fa fb set requirement fit inside usn amphibious assault ship parking areas elevators fcs larger wing fuel efficient.fixed divert... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | variants top speed mach .attainable full internal payload.powerful f engine gives good subsonic acceleration energy supersonic dash afterburner.large stabilitors leading edge extensions flaps canted rudders provide excellent high alpha angleofattack characteristics trimmed alpha °.relaxed stability flybywire controls p... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | double fs internal fuel f considerably greater combat radius stealth also enables efficient mission flight profile.sensors avionics fs mission systems among complex aspects aircraft.avionics sensor fusion designed enhance pilots situational awareness command control capabilities facilitate networkcentric warfare.key se... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | million lines code.green hills software integrity dob realtime operating system rtos runs integrated core processors icps data networking includes ieee b fibre channel buses.enable fleet software upgrades softwaredefined radio systems greater upgrade flexibility affordability avionics leverage commercial offtheshelf co... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | complementing radar aaq das consists six infrared sensors provide allaspect missile launch warning target tracking das acts situational awareness infrared searchandtrack sairst gives pilot spherical infrared nightvision imagery helmet visor.asq barracuda electronic warfare system ten radio frequency antennas embedded e... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | asq cni suite uses half dozen different physical links including multifunction advanced data link madl covert cni functions.sensor fusion information radio frequency receivers infrared sensors combined form single tactical picture pilot.allaspect target direction identification shared via madl platforms without comprom... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | june lockheed martin picked raytheon improved das.usaf studied potential f orchestrate attacks unmanned combat aerial vehicles ucavs via sensors communications equipment.stealth signatures stealth key aspect fs design radar crosssection rcs minimized careful shaping airframe use radarabsorbent materials ram visible mea... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | maintainability fs stealth design took lessons learned prior stealth aircraft f fs radarabsorbent fibermat skin durable requires less maintenance older topcoats.aircraft also reduced infrared visual signatures well strict controls radio frequency emitters prevent detection.fs stealth design primarily focused highfreque... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | subsequent surveys studies indicated noise f perceptibly different f faef though greater lowfrequency noise noticeable observers.cockpit glass cockpit designed give pilot good situational awareness.main display inch cm panoramic touchscreen shows flight instruments stores management cni information integrated caution w... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | f headup display instead flight combat information displayed visor pilots helmet helmetmounted display system hmds.onepiece tinted canopy hinged front internal frame structural strength.martinbaker use ejection seat launched twincatapult system housed side rails.righthand side stick throttle handson throttleandstick sy... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | instead headup display mounted atop dashboard earlier fighters hmds puts flight combat information helmet visor allowing pilot see matter way facing.infrared night vision imagery distributed aperture system displayed directly hmds enables pilot see aircraft.hmds allows f pilot fire missiles targets even nose aircraft p... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | cockpit redesign would needed adopt alternative hmds.following progress baseline helmet development alternative hmds halted october .gen helmet improved night vision camera new liquid crystal displays automated alignment software enhancements introduced lrip lot .armament preserve stealth shaping f two internal weapons... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | airtosurface weapons outboard station include joint direct attack munition jdam paveway series bombs joint standoff weapon jsow cluster munitions wind corrected munitions dispenser.station also carry multiple smaller munitions gbu small diameter bombs sdb gbub sdb ii spear antitank missiles four sdbs carried per statio... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | additionally wing lb kg inboard station lb kg middle station lb kg fb.external wing stations carry large airtosurface weapons would fit inside weapons bays agm joint air surface standoff missile jassm cruise missile.airtoair missile load eight aims two aims possible using internal external weapons stations configuratio... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | lieu gun pod also used different equipment purposes electronic warfare aerial reconnaissance rearfacing tactical radar.lockheed martin developing weapon rack called sidekick would enable internal outboard station carry two aims thus increasing internal airtoair payload six missiles currently offered block .block also r... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | hypersonic missiles direct energy weapons solidstate laser currently considered future upgrades.lockheed martin studying integrating fiber laser uses spectral beam combining multiple individual laser modules single highpower beam scaled various levels.the usaf plans fa take close air support cas mission contested envir... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | engine contributes fs stealth lowobservable augmenter afterburner incorporates fuel injectors thick curved vanes vanes covered ceramic radarabsorbent materials mask turbine.stealthy augmenter problems pressure pulsations screech low altitude high speed early development.lowobservable axisymmetric nozzle consists partia... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | designed lockheed martin developed rollsroyce sdlf also known rollsroyce liftsystem consists lift fan drive shaft two roll posts threebearing swivel module bsm.thrust vectoring bsm nozzle allows main engine exhaust deflected downward tail aircraft moved fueldraulic actuator uses pressurized fuel working fluid.unlike ha... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | adaptive engine transition program aetp launched develop test adaptive cycle engines one major potential application reengining f ge pw awarded contracts develop lbf kn thrust class demonstrators designations xa xa respectively.addition potential reengining pw also plans improve baseline f pw announced f growth option ... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | would adaptive cycle xa.pw shifted f upgrade plan growth options series engine enhancement packages along additional capabilities xa became separate cleansheet design.capability packages planned incorporated twoyear increments starting mids.maintenance logistics f designed require less maintenance earlier stealth aircr... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | f fibermat radarabsorbent material ram baked skin durable easier work faster cure older ram coatings similar coatings currently considered application older stealth aircraft f. skin corrosion f led fs designers use less galvanic corrosioninducing skin gap filler use fewer gaps airframe skin needing filler better draina... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | beginning september obks running alis software well odin software first marine corps air station mcas yuma arizona naval air station lemoore california support strike fighter squadron vfa july nellis air force base nevada support nd test evaluation squadron tes august .dozen obk server installation sites replace alis s... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | aircraft retired flight testing december used livefire testing nas china lake.the first fb bf flew june first weightoptimized fa fc af cf flew november june respectively.fbs first hover march followed first vertical landing next day.f integrated test force itf consisted aircraft edwards air force base naval air station... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | additional carrier suitability testing conducted naval air warfare center aircraft division lakehurst new jersey.two nonflying aircraft variant used test static loads fatigue.testing avionics mission systems modified boeing duplication cockpit lockheed martin catbird used.field testing fs sensors conducted exercise nor... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | june many initial flight test targets accomplished program behind schedule.software mission systems among biggest sources delays program sensor fusion proving especially challenging.fatigue testing fb suffered several premature cracks requiring redesign structure.third nonflying fb currently planned test redesigned str... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | early flight control laws problems wing drop also made airplane sluggish high anglesofattack tests f showing lack energy.atsea testing fb first conducted aboard uss wasp.october two fbs conducted three weeks initial sea trials called development test i. second fb sea trials development test ii began august tests includ... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | development test ii focused night operations weapons loading full power launches took place october .final development test iii completed august included tests asymmetric loads certifying systems landing qualifications interoperability.operational test fc began .the fs reliability availability fallen short requirements... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | individual f units achieved missioncapable rates target short periods deployed operations fleetwide rates remained target.fleet availability goal also met although trend shows improvement.gun accuracy fa remains unacceptable.number programs serious issues decreased half.operational test evaluation ote block f final con... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | however lack system maturity time led concerns safety well concerns director operational test evaluation dote electronic warfare testing budget concurrency operational test evaluation master plan.nevertheless september usaf began operational utility evaluation oue fa including logistical support maintenance personnel t... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | january training began eglin afb capacity pilots maintainers once.january raf lakenheath uk chosen first base europe station two usaf f squadrons aircraft adding th fighter wings existing fc fe squadrons.the usmc declared initial operational capability ioc fb block b configuration july operational trials.however limita... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | usn achieved operational status fc block f february .usaf fas conducted first red flag exercise system maturity improved aircraft scored kill ratio f aggressor squadron highthreat environment.the fs operating cost higher older fighters.fiscal year fas cost per flight hour cpfh number reduced .comparison cpfh fc fc .loc... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | usmc plans disperse fbs among forwarddeployed bases enhance survivability remaining close battlespace similar raf harrier deployment cold war relied use offbase locations offered short runways shelter concealment.known distributed stovl operations dso fbs would operate temporary bases allied territory within range host... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | april usaf fas first used combat airstrike islamic state tunnel network northern iraq.on august fc embarked maiden deployment board uss carl vinson another aircraft making debut deployment cmv osprey.united kingdom united kingdoms royal air force royal navy operate fb known simply lightning british service replaced har... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | dambusters squadron would rafs first operational f squadron.second operational squadron fleet air arms naval air squadron stand april later.no.reserve test evaluation squadron tes stoodup april operational evaluation unit lightning becoming first british squadron operate type.june raf received three fs order initially ... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | operating sea british fbs use skijumps fitted flight decks aircraft carriers hms queen elizabeth r hms prince wales r. italian navy use process.british fbs intended receive brimstone missile.july announced second ukbased raf squadron would no.squadron reformed august lightning operational conversion unit.no. |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | squadron reformed april ceremony washington d.c. us becoming first raf frontline squadron operate type receiving first four fbs june flying mcas beaufort raf marham.no.squadron fs declared combat ready january .in april no.squadron deployed raf akrotiri cyprus types first overseas deployment.june first combat use raf f... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | october dambusters no.tes fs embarked hms queen elizabeth first time.no.squadron departed raf marham january first exercise red flag lightning.australia australia’s first f designated manufactured flight training provided international pilot training centre ptc luke air force base arizona. |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | first two fs unveiled australian public march avalon airshow.royal australian air force accepted fa aircraft nine us operating squadron operational conversion unit raaf base williamtown.trained raaf pilots trained technicians maintenance fleet declared ready deploy operations.expected australia receive fs .israel israe... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | according kuwaiti newspaper al jarida july test mission least three iaf fs flew irans capital tehran back tel aviv.publicly unconfirmed regional leaders acted report irans supreme leader ali khamenei reportedly fired air force chief commander irans revolutionary guard corps mission.on may iaf chief amikam norkin said s... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | example testbed f delivered air force outside united states.on may eight iaf fis took part attack terrorist targets hamas rocket array including launch pits northern gaza strip part operation guardian walls.italy italys fas declared reached initial operational capability ioc november .time italy taken delivery fas one ... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | netherlands december netherlands declared initial operational capability ioc fleet fas received date order fas.variants f designed three initial variants fa ctol landbased version fb stovl version capable use either land aircraft carriers fc catobar carrierbased version.since work design nationally specific versions is... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | drag chute pod installed fa royal norwegian air force first operator adopt it.fb fb short takeoff vertical landing stovl variant aircraft.similar size variant b sacrifices third variants fuel volume accommodate sdlf.variant limited g. unlike variants fb landing hook.stovlhook control instead engages conversion normal v... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | fb also perform vertical andor short takeoff landing vstol.fc fc variant designed catapultassisted takeoff arrested recovery operations aircraft carriers.compared fa fc features larger wings foldable wingtip sections larger control surfaces improved lowspeed control stronger landing gear stresses carrier arrested landi... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | g. fi adir fi adir hebrew אדיר meaning awesome mighty one fa unique israeli modifications.us initially refused allow changes permitting israel integrate electronic warfare systems including sensors countermeasures.main computer plugandplay function addon systems proposals include external jamming pod new israeli airtoa... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | iai plans produce conformal fuel tanks.proposed variants fd study possible upgrade fa fielded target date usafs future operating concept.cf canadian cf proposed variant would differ fa addition drogue parachute may include fbcstyle refueling probe.revealed cf would employ boom refueling system fa.one alternative propos... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | following federal election liberal party whose campaign included pledge cancel f procurement formed new government commenced open competition replace existing cf hornet.new export variant december reported lockheed martin developing new variant unspecified foreign customer.department defense released us million funding... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | denmarkroyal danish air force – fa delivered planned.finlandfinnish air force – fa block selected via hx fighter program replace current fa hornets.fas order.israelisraeli air force – delivered september fi adir.includes one f testbed aircraft indigenous israeli weapons electronics structural upgrades designated as. |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | total ordered planned.italyitalian air force – fas delivered may .fb delivered october point italy planned order fas fbs italian air force.italian navy – delivered october .fbs planned italian navy.japanjapan air selfdefense force – fas operational december total order including fbs. |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | netherlandsroyal netherlands air force – fas delivered operational ordered norwayroyal norwegian air force – fas delivered operational norway based us training august th fas planned total.differ fa addition drogue parachute.polandpolish air force – fas order.option additional .south korearepublic korea air force – fa d... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | united kingdomroyal air force royal navy owned raf jointly operated – fbs received uk loss one aircraft november three us used testing training.foc fighters training aircraft fasttracked total ordered total fbs planned ordered.united statesunited states air force – fas plannedunited states marine corps – fbs fcs planne... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | four fa withheld luke air force base sent turkey.accidents notable incidents june fas engine caught fire eglin afb.pilot escaped unharmed aircraft sustained estimated us million damage.accident caused flights halted july.fleet returned flight july flight envelope restrictions. |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | june usaf air education training command aetc issued official report blamed failure third stage rotor engines fan module pieces cut fan case upper fuselage.pratt whitney applied extended rubin increase gap second stator third rotor integral arm seal well design alterations pretrench stator early .on september first cra... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | us japanese navies searched missing aircraft pilot finding debris water confirmed crash hosomis remains recovered june.response japan grounded fas.speculation china russia might attempt salvage japanese defense ministry announced reported activities either country.f reportedly send distress signal pilot attempt recover... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | pilot ejected stable condition.accident attributed combination pilot error induced fatigue design issue oxygen system aircrafts complex nature distracting well malfunctioning headmounted display unresponsive flight control system.on september usmc fb crashed imperial county california colliding marine corps kc airtoair... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | wreckage including security sensitive equipment largely recovered assistance u.s. italian forces.on january south korean air force fa made belly landing systems failed except flight controls engine.pilot heard series bangs low altitude flight various systems stopped working.control tower suggested pilot eject managed l... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | specifications fa data lockheed martin f specifications lockheed martin f weaponry lockheed martin f program status f program brief fy select acquisition report sar director operational test evaluationgeneral characteristicscrew length .ft .mwingspan ft mheight .ft .mwing area sq ft maspect ratio .empty weight lb kggro... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | altituderange nmi mi kmcombat range nmi mi km internal fuel nmi mi km interdiction mission internal fuel internal air air configurationservice ceiling ft mg limits .wing loading .lbsq ft kgm gross weightthrustweight .gross weight .loaded weight internal fuelarmamentguns × mm .gaua barrel rotary cannon roundshardpoints ... |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | hamstra jeffrey w. ed.. f lightning ii concept cockpit.american institute aeronautics astronautics aiaa.doi... isbn .scid .keijsper gerald .lockheed f joint strike fighter. |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | london pen sword aviation.isbn .lake jon.wests great hope.airforces monthly december .polmar norman .naval institute guide ships aircraft u.s. fleet. |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | annapolis md naval institute press.isbn .reading borgu aldo .big deal australias future air combat capability.canberra australian strategic policy institute. |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | isbn .spick mike .illustrated directory fighters.london salamander.isbn .winchester jim .concept aircraft prototypes xplanes experimental aircraft. |
Elm | san diego ca thunder bay press.isbn .oclc .external links official jsf web site official jsf videosofficial f team web sitef page u.s. naval air systems command site archived march wayback machinef – royal air forcegenus first appeared miocene geological period million years ago originating central asia.trees flourishe... |
Elm | response diseaseresistant cultivars developed capable restoring elm forestry landscaping.taxonomy species ulmus elm ambiguity number results difficulty delineating species owing ease hybridization development local seedsterile vegetatively propagated microspecies areas mainly ulmus field elm ulmus minor group.oliver ra... |
Elm | description genus hermaphroditic apetalous perfect flowers windpollinated.elm leaves alternate simple single commonly doubly serrate margins usually asymmetric base acuminate apex.fruit round winddispersed samara flushed chlorophyll facilitating photosynthesis leaves emerge.samarae light british elms numbering around p... |
Elm | pests diseases dutch elm disease dutch elm disease ded devastated elms throughout europe much north america second half th century.derives name dutch first description disease cause dutch botanists bea schwarz christina johanna buisman.owing geographical isolation effective quarantine enforcement australia far remained... |
Elm | tree responds producing tyloses effectively blocking flow roots leaves.woodland trees north america quite susceptible disease usually lack rootgrafting urban elms somewhat isolated other.france inoculation fungus three hundred clones european species failed find single variety possessed significant resistance.the first... |
Elm | limited gene flow o. ulmi o. novoulmi probably responsible creation north american subspecies o. novoulmi subsp.americana.first recognized britain early believed introduced via cargo canadian rock elm destined boatbuilding industry rapidly eradicated mature elms western europe.second subspecies o. novoulmi subsp.novoul... |
Elm | believed subspecies introduced north america like o. ulmi probably originated asia.two subspecies hybridized europe ranges overlapped.hypothesis o. novoulmi arose hybrid original o. ulmi another strain endemic himalaya ophiostoma himalulmi discredited.there sign current pandemic waning evidence susceptibility fungus di... |
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