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Munich Security Conference	meetings provide select group participants opportunity discuss key issues international security policy order continue work security conference provide impulses.location core group meetings always varies.subsequent events took place moscow beijing well doha .second meeting held first time washington dc.location core group meeting new delhi.
Munich Security Conference	issues discussed new delhi threats terrorism cyberattacks questions maritime security regional global security structures concepts new global governance.the core group meeting held vienna.crisis ukraine central theme meeting featured ukrainian foreign minister pavlo klimkin russian deputy foreign minister alexei meshkov.klimkin urged european states confront russian government headon.austrian foreign minister sebastian kurz stated border changes europe unacceptable time stressed need cooperation russia.swiss foreign minister didier burkhalter proposed neutral status ukraine serbian foreign minister ivica dačić osce chairman called strengthening organization order prevent future conflicts.another core group meeting took place tehran october .
Munich Security Conference	key topics meeting implementation vienna agreement concerning iranian nuclear program political situation region.german foreign minister steinmeier opened conference together iranian foreign minister zarif emphasized importance transparency trust successful implementation vienna agreement game game.in april another msc core group meeting took place ethiopian capital addis ababa.security situation africa fight international terrorism challenges posed climate change epidemics central themes meeting.ethiopian foreign minister tedros adhanom ghebreyesus stressed mutual global interdependencies issues.participants included ethiopian prime minister hailemariam desalegn former nigerian president olusegun obasanjo smaїl chergui african union commissioner former un secretarygeneral kofi annan former german president horst köhler.another core group meeting held beijing november .
Munich Security Conference	key topics meeting chinas role international order conflicts asiapacific region geopolitical importance new silk road.deputy chinese foreign minister zhang yesui stressed opening speech importance dialogue cooperation security region.core group meeting chinese vice president li yuanchao reaffirmed countrys willingness contribute peace security globally.participants included fu ying chairwoman national peoples congress foreign affairs committee louise mushikiwabo rwandan minister foreign affairs markus ederer secretary state german foreign office tom enders ceo airbus group several members bundestag.cyber security summit first cyber security summit held cooperation deutsche telekom bonn.
Munich Security Conference	first event conducted chatham house rule.according media reports supervisory board chairman deutsche bank paul achleitner head construction group bilfinger berger roland koch well peter terium ceo energy supplier rwe johannes teyssen e.on attendance.during summit several working groups analyzed existing cyber risks dangers following industriesenergyfinanceshealthlogisticmediaproductionon november second summit took place bonn.gathering following four topicsrebuilding trust digital societynew threat scenarios economygaining trust restoring trustcyber defense becoming businesscritical core skillunlike list speakers publishedneelie kroes vicepresident digital company european commissionsabine leutheusserschnarrenberger german federal minister justicejohanna miklleitner interior minister austriaambassador wolfgang ischinger chairman munich security conference foundation ggmbh executive vice president government relations allianz seehud barak former prime minister israeljürgen stock vicepresident german federal criminal policescott charney vice president microsoftarthur w. coviello jr. ceo rsa securitythomas rid lecturer kings college london author issues cyber securityrené obermann ceo deutsche telekom vice president bitkom e.v.timotheus höttges chief financial controlling officer deutsche telekom ag designated ceothomas kremer director privacy legal affairs compliance deutsche telekom agklaus schweinsberg former editor business magazines capital impulse founder director center strategy senior managementthe third summit held november .attended representatives fields politics economy eu nato.opening speech telekom ceo höttges highlighted growing number attacks data digital infrastructures telekom network recorded million attacks daily.
Munich Security Conference	quoted csis study estimated global damage caused cybercrime us billion per year.protect european data access us authorities höttges called revision safe harbor agreement.intelligence coordinator federal government klausdieter fritsche supported höttges demands.msc chairman ischinger described great geopolitical importance cyber security result ukraine conflict marked return war political means europe.state secretary brigitte zypries stated planned security act reporting cyber attacks companies sensitive sectors obligation contribution german federal government increase data security.andy muellermaguhn former spokesman chaos computer club stressed importance strong encryption data security warned back doors like rsa security installed nsa.
Munich Security Conference	elmar brok chairman european parliament committee foreign affairs karltheodor zu guttenberg urged ward cyber attacks offensive actions stressed need deterrence component.ben wizner representative american civil liberties union lawyer edward snowden contradicted needs.separate working groups topics digital defense cyber governance promotion innovation regards data security preventive data protection also discussed.the fourth cyber security summit held september palo alto silicon valley.summit jointly convened msc deutsche telekom stanford university.representatives fields politics security business participated gathering.
Munich Security Conference	central theme meeting u.s. presidential election possible manipulation cyber attacks.chairman munich security conference wolfgang ischinger expressed fear attacks could damage confidence democratic elections general.further topics defense cyberterrorism future warfare economic relevance cybersecurity development norms rules internet.msc chairman ischinger called closer coordination worlds politics technology order create basis open free secure web.in connection internet things marc goodman american think tank singularity university warned everything could hacked.goodman predicted internet would feature epic battle different interest groups.peter r. neumann kings college london described hierarchical structure law enforcement agencies organizational problem combating cybercrime odds decentralized operating mode internet.other participants included dmitri alperovitch cofounder cto crowdstrike michael chertoff former united states department homeland security chairman founder chertoff group michael mcfaul director freeman spogli institute stanford university former us ambassador russia iddo moed coordinator cybersecurity israeli foreign ministry christopher painter coordinator cyber issues us state department latha reddy former national security adviser india currently member global commission internet governance well uri rosenthal former dutch foreign minister current special envoy country cyber politics.
Munich Security Conference	energy security summit together frankfurter allgemeine zeitung msc organizing energy security summit since .first meeting held july ballroom frankfurt palmengarten auspices federal economics technology minister philipp rösler environment minister peter altmaier.topics event climate change geostrategic consequences fracking german energy transition.the second energy security summit held berlin may .key topics meeting included shale gas revolution united states conflict ukraine.speech foreign minister steinmeier stressed important role energy policy foreign security policy.
Munich Security Conference	steinmeier pushed european energy union urged eu countries demonstrate unity regard ukraine conflict.minister stressed need make compromises russiaukraine gas dispute warned high expectations substituting american shale gas russian gas supplies.eu energy commissioner günther oettinger also spoke favor european energy union uniform gas prices.also described germanys energy policy romantic valley”.strategic issue energy would require germany get involved technological political competence oettinger stated.
Munich Security Conference	meeting ukrainian prime minister yatsenyuk described ukraine conflict global security conflict russia would responsible for.yatsenyuk reiterated countrys refusal pay political price exchange gas supplies russia.premier also expressed willingness country participate common energy policy eu.the third energy security summit held may berlin.meeting iranian oil minister bijan namdar zangeneh laid countrys plans development energy sector end sanctions.previously reached deal resolve iranian nuclear crisis minister demanded rapid lifting economic sanctions.
Munich Security Conference	dashed hopes tehran would build gas pipeline europe weaken dominant role russia european gas market citing transit problems costs.time minister announced government would invest us billion iranian oil gas industry .topics meeting included among others proposed energy union europe maroš šefčovič vicepresident european commission rainer baake parliamentary state secretary federal ministry economic affairs energy called well german energy transition.bärbel höhn chairman german bundestags environment committee referred important contribution germany creation global structure decentralized energy supply reduces dependencies contributes security peace.criticism came greenpeace head kumi naidoo stated high share brown coal used electricity generation “achilles heel” germanys energy policy.
Virtual world framework	michael fuchs deputy chairman cducsu parliamentary group criticized high burden placed german citizens due subsidies billion euro earmarked energy transition.see also diplomacyinternational relationsinternational securityinternationalismpirate security conference references external links official websiteprovides ability clientserver programs delivered lightweight manner via web browsers provides synchronization multiple users interact common objects environments.example using vwf developer take video lesson plans component objects avatars successfully insert existing virtual created landscape edge open sim interacting native objects users via vwf interface.vwf opens door interface different training content simulations objects users locations extend expand scope training education.imagine running tank simulation aviation assets provided two different simulations suites executed together passing imagery sensor data working common landscape feeding constructive mapping simulation run third platform seamlessly transparent remote users via browsers.vwf meant useful tool interact differing types entities objects avatars simulations spaces.opensource tool protected apache ii license vwf free accessible number developers create content expand scope functionality.
Virtual world framework	vwf delivers interactivity using web creating opportunity align mismatched objects environments.vwf development work massively multiplayer online role playing games mmorpg edge ideally developed interface latest object encodings unity mp environments opensim moses simulations platforms order create truly agnostic interfacing tool.myths even though suggestive name vwf virtual world.virtual world generation tool.vwf produce virtual space content fill yes absolutely used provide additional objects interactions augmentinteract entities connects.
Virtual world framework	vwf simulator.vwf meant extend use active clientserver simulations order accessed via web browser.also meant add extra dimensions existing simulations create simulation content add existing virtual space moses spontaneously generated space.vwf capability create fully functional simulations meant complete simulator own.vwf avatar require avatar run.vwf require virtual space order work used generate virtual space within web browser locally host machine.
Virtual world framework	vwf need avatar function necessarily generate avatars use virtual worlds used produce interact avatars.raison detre united states department defense dod cannot continue business usual.fy dod spent .b modeling simulation related activities.approximately budget used simulators war gaming modeling.vision vwf reduce funding used support ms activities direct support pressure reduce spending increase efficacy existing emerging technology.the dod needs tool tie together myriad stovepiped specialty simulations solutions.
Virtual world framework	needs tool extend expand ability train increasing number personnel across everwidening distances.dod stresses need reduce reuse technology find costefficient means provide advanced technological pedagogical systems training.training dod personnel however.we surrounded immersive personalized social media technology smart phones facebook twitter pandora radio project glass augmented reality sites layar.traditional education systems allow pace information sharing immersion media games internet provide youth regular basis modernizationcustomization education becoming absolutely essential effectiveness.intersection technologies speedvolume data delivery create perfect storm possibility system provide good best cost.as internet started arpanet vwf intended develop open robust platform revolutionizes perceive interact world.
Virtual world framework	vwf use mobile web enabled devices users able interact world grand scale vwf capitalizes technologies enable apps view augmented reality port capabilities via web large scale.intended audience vwf developers simulations education systems training content games information sharing private individuals really anyone interest sharing information multiple users lightweight fashion using web browser delivery mechanism.vwf users able access information training content matter hardware bandwidth restrictions may long secure link training server internet.vwf provide rapidly available content need need fashion accessible lowoverhead.significance business government vwf means massive savings preventing redundancy linking different systems building economies scale scope.
Virtual world framework	means access unprecedented complexity training content huge flexibility delivery.means faster thoroughly trained personnel.means platformindependent computing solutions passing type data quickly efficiently.means highly adaptive rapid prototypes independent platforms created them.means staying forefront computing trends information sharing.
Virtual world framework	means rapid means generating customized training solutions.means spontaneous meeting spaces method delivering increased complexity speed intelligence need it.ownership licensing ownership dod owns rights source code vwf however licensed using apache ii freely usable long original attribution given creators.licensing framework licensed apache ii license essentially states user software granted royaltyfree license use modify sell derivative works software long original license attribution files included distribution subsequent works.original work licensed contains warranties kind.
Virtual world framework	content rights content rights managed via provisions contained apache license.current content version control affected primary engineers github latest stable builds published unique serial numbers.designers designers david a. smith computer scientist lockheed martin chief innovation officer – project oversight design architecture david easter lm engineer developmentarchitecture richard boyd lockheed martin virtual world labs chief architect governance ecosystem design allison corey lm engineer – development scott r. haynes lm engineer development michael j. vacirca lm engineer development steven d. carr lm engineer development cynthia l. moore contractor osdpr trs – design future specs governance carlton rosengrant osdpr trs – overall program manager frank c. digiovanni director osdprtrs colesrdecom edge interfacing robert chadwick adl – code efficiency applications emerging partners new functions libraries proposed.contributing vwf posted github open developers wish contribute forks projects suggestions buildouts framework.original creators especially seek major platform developers wish add interfacing platform use vwf mmos simulations designers terrain mapping providers modeling virtual landscapes etc.
Virtual world framework	paper virtual world ecosystem framework presented iitsec conference explains philosophy contribution system.development path evolution vwf managed via github developer inputs loose consortium original creators.time community stand nonprofit governing organization order conduct fulltime partnerships version control software.use latest codecs interfacing partnerships major content object texture providers persistent location additionally goal creators vwf evolve standard interfacing content users web.availability web applications vwf available use web applications minor applicationsdemonstrations already constructed proofs concept.
Virtual world framework	community extends robustness vwf increases libraries finalizes toolkits applications gain complexity well.developers welcome construct web applications existing code examples.nothing special required run completed applications outside access compatible browser webgl potentially web sockets capability depending location source objects interactions.framework among frameworks many applications available advertise thin clients web interfaces.open source development tools widespread use interface different entities persistent secure manner using thin client webbrowsers.
Virtual world framework	many tools available many highly specialized require proprietary software installed client server side.still tools produce virtual environments avatars content none ones known tie together spontaneously create interfaces among provide seamless communications entities regardless timing without heavy burden bandwidth processing power client.vwf continues evolution.vwf utilizes web sockets webgl directly providing content link entities build objects quickest efficient manner possible.virtual interfacing programs utilize flash also provides direct content less efficient manner.
Virtual world framework	additional resources vwf information available two sites virtual world framework homepage mirrored vwf mirror site github search virtualworldframework.vwf applications training tsks timeline vwf applied content train tasks require solely live training.specifically curriculum facilitated simulations classroom training augmented reality mixed media training games ideal candidates vwf.augmented reality content delivered classrooms augmented additions mobile devices one also simulations combine live training simulated content good candidates vwf.complexity training number trainees largely dictates date vwf capability delivered.
Virtual world framework	delivery classroomtype training vwf capable used develop content.simulationstype training following persistence synchronization elements vwf developed next months fall capability vwf possible.augmented reality truly immersive gaming vwf development critical partners hopes capability coming months depending current technologies partnerships.lvc exercises ideally vwf used live virtual constructive simulation lvc exercises primary secondary delivery mechanism.lvc ideal vwf delivery due large virtualdigital component need delivered myriad audiences variety locationsplatforms.
Virtual world framework	live training vwf live objects aircraft weapons vehicles pass data simulator sensors read radarweaponssensors live equipment directly simulation inputoutput data passed vwf myriad participants data streaming interfacing servers case personnelequipment trackers blue force tracking information injection constructive simulations placing live units map manually tracking statuspositions.constructive simulation vwf simulations take place virtual world framework.vwf tool help interface different entities.constructive simulations simulated people operate simulated systems stimulated using human inputs.ostensibly vwf would provide interface via web humans would inputting data system would receive simulation results program executing server machinecloudlocallydeterminedhost would display results fashion via web interface.
Virtual world framework	required tools use vwf developers use vwf build simulations using java script functionality provided vwf.vwf generates appropriate display manipulation files time compilation.vwf develops construction environment developed order allow users drag drop content manipulate greatly reducing production timecomplexity.environment construction anticipated completed end .security considerations web security issues web agnostic content.
Virtual world framework	vwf secure unsecure.use secure socket layer encryption ssl virtual private networks vpn public key encryption pki proprietary encryption hardware secured network systems etc.provides security needed secure simulations produced interfaced using vwf.use ipv bitwise security protocols available previously available data transport.potential additional security method add security bit header data transported via vwf order provide additional layer security.
Virtual world framework	measure yet added current build.problems web sockets solutions problem opening continuous connection two computers via web browser using web sockets potentially opens link something called cache poisoning someone directly introduce viruses malware link compromising system.summary weaknesses security tool web sockets.originally potential security issues led mozilla opera discontinue support web sockets internet engineering task force ietf could produce standardized web sockets protocol part html.work around based connect based handshakes opposed upgrade based handshakes proved secure.
Virtual world framework	semantics handshake coded vwf take account.since late largely addressed latest builds standards many web platforms support web sockets.webgl webgl webgl web graphics library javascript application programming interface api rendering interactive graphics within compatible web browser without using plugins.webgl programs include control code written java script shader code executed graphics processing unit video card gpu.webgl designed maintained nonprofit khronos group.
Virtual world framework	browsers supporting webgl mozilla firefox .onward opera onward google chrome onward native support safari .onward.far internet explorer support webgl announced plans support webgl.chrome frame iewebgl plugins support webgl ie .
Virtual world framework	onward.standard setting bodies webgl standard affected khronos group mozilla apple google along influence united states computer emergency readiness team raises security concerns webgl consortium headed khronos group react.devices supporting capable browsers pcs laptops tablets support webgl capable browsers.mobile support webgl nascent.expectations current mobile bindings javascript webgl good enough android version firefox webgl potential users access content via mobile device requiring webgl support.
Virtual world framework	opera also supports webgl android platforms.iphone support webgl yet.microsoft support webgl microsoft plans support webgl due security concerns handshake vulnerabilities.two plugins internet explorer support webgl interfaces chrome frame iewebgl.true native support tends run better plugin support security organizations support installation additional plugins web browsers.
Virtual world framework	javascript javascript java script prototypebased scripting language dynamic weakly typed general purpose supports object oriented imperative functional programming styles.means javascript enables programmer build series prototypes interact using mostly literal syntax based c. due ease use widespread appeal javascript quickly became one popular programming languages web applications.java script vs. java c java script runs locally browsers require additional plug ins environments like java runtime environment run require compilation .exe files run client machine order work.faster efficient simpler build execute java c. standards current standards supported vwf html .ecmascript webgl web sockets collada later file formats others tool matures.
Virtual world framework	community governance contributing code vwf developers download latest build vwf github submit recommendations code applications directly site.github allows users create forks submit pull requests leave questions comments support related items issue tracker.coalition partners vwf available freely openly github persons regardless origin.vwf content specifically designed operations negotiated casebycase basis depending content training objectives coalition goals exercised.standing reason vwf cannot shared security restrictions original code.
Virtual world framework	business models commercial products vwf commercial entities build services games vwf absolutely.vwf meant interface content via web also contains construction pieces enabling creation games communications services wholly executable within web browser.vwf licensed using apache ii allows commercial repackaging opensource portions part larger work.games services would capitalize direct link entities facilitated vwf company would determine resources located.example game company might use vwf create online game using proprietary graphics store graphics program files servers delivering content web teleconference company might efficiently create eclassroom vwf take streaming media codec pass video web digital classroom environment created wholly vwf complete avatars interactive objects.
Virtual world framework	advisors current advisors multitude partners advisors vwf project.creators mentioned earlier well partnerships mark p. mccahill duke university advanced distributed learning adl doug maxwell moses cole corporation edge military mmo.personnel provide advisory support vwf.creators encourage additional partnerships meant expand scope scale vwf.references
National Security Council (United Kingdom)	history national security council established may prime minister david cameron.nsc formalised national security decision making previously carried informal groups largely composed officials.increased power prime minister chairs council brought senior cabinet ministers national security policy making giving access highest levels intelligence.coordinates responses threats faced united kingdom integrates highest level work relevant government entities respect national security.council reflected central coordination national security issues seen committee imperial defence operated also partly modelled united states national security council.the first national security adviser also appointed may .
National Security Council (United Kingdom)	act councils secretary.incumbent nsa stephen lovegrove.from april council oversaw newly created conflict stability security fund fund £ billion per year tackling conflict instability abroad.following critical inquiry fund joint committee national security strategy committee stated fund secretive risk cssf used ‘slush fund’ projects meet needs uk national security fund spending country level disclosed annual report produced.in april inquiry could lead criminal proceedings announced leaking daily telegraph decision nsc allow huawei bid noncore elements construction prospective g network.in early months johnsons premiership several subcommittees nsc ceased exist.additionally nsc met weekly ministries david cameron theresa may didnt meet january may boris johnson.johnson since confirmed chair nsc meeting least per month frequently circumstances dictate.
National Security Council (United Kingdom)	johnsons nonuse nsc criticised.membership december national security councils membership followsother ministers senior officials attend nsc nsm applicable.figures noted include chief defence staff individual chiefs service heads intelligence agencies leader opposition.stakeholders including devolved governments local authorities external experts also consulted preparation meetings.subcommittees nuclear deterrence security subcommittee terms reference national deterrence security subcommittee consider issues relating nuclear deterrence security.
National Security Council (United Kingdom)	september membership follows national security ministers national security ministers also meet subcommittee due ...the breadth ambition governments agenda.... subcommittee may chaired prime minister may choose delegate chairmanship follows national security secretariat size shape national security secretariat nss senior leadership fluctuated since inception may .july two deputy national security advisers dnsas julian miller foreign defence policy oliver robbins intelligence security resilience.march hugh powell previously national security secretariat director promoted newly created third dnsa position.november three dnsas hugh powell dnsa foreign policy julian miller dnsa defence nuclear strategy paddy mcguinness dnsa intelligence security resilience.early december national security secretariat staffed officials comprises five directorates foreign defence policy civil contingencies secretariat security intelligence office cyber security information assurance uk computer emergency response team cert uk.
National Security Council (United Kingdom)	february liane saunders previously national security secretariats director foreign policy afghanistanpakistan coordinator described acting deputy national security adviser conflict stability foreign policy.on june cabinet office released staff data correct march listing two current deputy national security advisers paddy mcguinness responsible intelligence security resilience brigadier gwyn jenkins responsible conflict stability defence.jenkins appeared post since least june .prior becoming deputy national security adviser jenkins military assistant prime minister david cameron.as april announced diplomat dr. christian turner cmg replaced jenkins second deputy national security adviser portfolio comprising foreign defence policy.according one turners tweets dated april first week deputy national security adviser week commencing monday april .turner high commissioner pakistan.
National Security Council (United Kingdom)	turner replaced david quarrey july .it reported january paddy mcguinness leaving national security secretariat.successor deputy national security adviser intelligence security resilience richard moore announced appointment january via personal twitter account.moore’s tenure deputy nsa relatively brief circa three months ending early april returned foreign commonwealth office political director move also announced via twitter april.although unconfirmed publicly uk government madeleine alessandri replaced moore second deputy national security adviser.however september alessandris name appointment mentioned government response intelligence security committee parliament list government salaries.
National Security Council (United Kingdom)	alessandri apparently took appointment july .alessandri left deputy nsa post work northern ireland office january .alessandri replaced beth sizeland alex ellis also added deputy title deputy national security adviser integrated review diplomacy development defence.sizelands appointment confirmed oral evidence mark sedwill however may appointment updated cabinet office website.as october quarrey taken post acting nsa david frost remains chief negotiator eu talks.january announced stephen lovegrove lord frost would appointed national security adviser.
Asur (web series)	see also committee imperial defence notes references external links cabinet office national security councilcabinet office national securitycabinet committeesinstitute governmentkings college london national security council national security centre governmentseries stars arshad warsi barun sobti sharib hashmi amey wagh.series set context modern day serial killer religious ties.arshad warsi made ott debut series.plot set backdrop mystical city varanasi asur follows nikhil nair forensicexpertturnedteacher returns roots central bureau investigation along former mentor dhananjay rajpoot finds caught catandmouse game brutal serial killer.follows blend suspense mythology murders people totally unrelated.
Multi-factor authentication	cast arshad warsi dhananjay dj rajpootbarun sobti nikhil nairanupriya goenka naina nairridhi dogra nushrat saeedsharib hashmi lolark dubeyamey wagh rasool shaikhshubh joshipawan chopra shashank awasthivishesh bansal teen shubh joshigaurav arora kesar bhardawajanvita sudarshan raina singhnishank verma samarth ahujaarchak chhabra aditya jalanaditya lal mokshdeepak qazir neelkanth joshibondip sarma ankit sharmajayant raina radhacharan joshisunayna baile lolarks wifejay zaveri sajid sheikh episodes references external links official website asur imdbmfa protects user data—which may include personal identification financial assets—from accessed unauthorised third party may able discover example single password.a thirdparty authenticator tpa app enables twofactor authentication usually showing randomly generated frequently changing code use authentication.factors authentication takes place someone tries log computer resource network device application.resource requires user supply identity user known resource along evidence authenticity users claim identity.simple authentication requires one piece evidence factor typically password.additional security resource may require one factor—multifactor authentication twofactor authentication cases exactly two pieces evidence supplied.the use multiple authentication factors prove ones identity based premise unauthorized actor unlikely able supply factors required access.
Multi-factor authentication	authentication attempt least one components missing supplied incorrectly users identity established sufficient certainty access asset e.g.building data protected multifactor authentication remains blocked.authentication factors multifactor authentication scheme may includesomething user physical object possession user security token usb stick bank card key etc.something user knows certain knowledge known user password pin etc.something user physical characteristic user biometrics fingerprint eye iris voice typing speed pattern key press intervals etc.somewhere user connection specific computing network using gps signal identify location.a good example twofactor authentication withdrawing money atm correct combination bank card something user possesses pin something user knows allows transaction carried out.two examples supplement usercontrolled password onetime password otp code generated received authenticator e.g.security token smartphone user possesses.a thirdparty authenticator app enables twofactor authentication different way usually showing randomly generated constantly refreshing code user use rather sending sms using another method.
Multi-factor authentication	big benefit apps usually continue work even without internet connection.examples thirdparty authenticator apps include google authenticator authy microsoft authenticator password managers lastpass offer service well.knowledge knowledge factors commonly used form authentication.form user required prove knowledge secret order authenticate.a password secret word string characters used user authentication.commonly used mechanism authentication.
Multi-factor authentication	many multifactor authentication techniques rely passwords one factor authentication.variations include longer ones formed multiple words passphrase shorter purely numeric personal identification number pin commonly used atm access.traditionally passwords expected memorized.many secret questions born poor examples knowledge factor may known wide group people able researched.possession possession factors something user used authentication centuries form key lock.basic principle key embodies secret shared lock key principle underlies possession factor authentication computer systems.
Multi-factor authentication	security token example possession factor.disconnected tokens connections client computer.typically use builtin screen display generated authentication data manually typed user.type token mostly uses onetime password used specific session.connected tokens devices physically connected computer used.devices transmit data automatically.number different types including card readers wireless tags usb tokens.a software token a.k.a.
Multi-factor authentication	soft token type twofactor authentication security device may used authorize use computer services.software tokens stored generalpurpose electronic device desktop computer laptop pda mobile phone duplicated.contrast hardware tokens credentials stored dedicated hardware device therefore cannot duplicated absent physical invasion device.soft token may device user interacts with.typically x.v certificate loaded onto device stored securely serve purpose.multifactor authentication also application physical security systems.
Multi-factor authentication	physical security systems known commonly referred access control.multifactor authentication typically deployed access control systems use firstly physical possession fob keycard qrcode displayed device acts identification credential secondly validation ones identity facial biometrics retinal scan.form multifactor authentication commonly referred facial verification facial authentication.inherent factors associated user usually biometric methods including fingerprint face voice iris recognition.behavioral biometrics keystroke dynamics also used.
Multi-factor authentication	location increasingly fourth factor coming play involving physical location user.hard wired corporate network user could allowed login using pin code.whereas user network entering code soft token well could required.could seen acceptable standard access office controlled.systems network admission control work similar ways level network access contingent specific network device connected wifi vs wired connectivity.also allows user move offices dynamically receive level network access each.
Multi-factor authentication	tokens many multifactor authentication vendors offer mobile phonebased authentication.methods include pushbased authentication qr codebased authentication onetime password authentication eventbased timebased smsbased verification.smsbased verification suffers security concerns.phones cloned apps run several phones cellphone maintenance personnel read sms texts.least cell phones compromised general meaning phone longer something user has.the major drawback authentication including something user possesses user must carry around physical token usb stick bank card key similar practically times.
Multi-factor authentication	loss theft risks.many organizations forbid carrying usb electronic devices premises owing malware data theft risks important machines usb ports reason.physical tokens usually scale typically requiring new token new account system.procuring subsequently replacing tokens kind involves costs.addition inherent conflicts unavoidable tradeoffs usability security.twostep authentication involving mobile phones smartphones provides alternative dedicated physical devices.
Multi-factor authentication	authenticate people use personal access codes device i.e.something individual user knows plus onetimevalid dynamic passcode typically consisting digits.passcode sent mobile device sms generated onetime passcodegenerator app.cases advantage using mobile phone need additional dedicated token users tend carry mobile devices around times.notwithstanding popularity sms verification security advocates publicly criticized sms verification july united states nist draft guideline proposed deprecating form authentication.year later nist reinstated sms verification valid authentication channel finalized guideline.in respectively google apple started offering user twostep authentication push notification alternative method.security mobiledelivered security tokens fully depends mobile operators operational security easily breached wiretapping sim cloning national security agencies.advantagesno additional tokens necessary uses mobile devices usually carried time.as constantly changed dynamically generated passcodes safer use fixed static login information.depending solution passcodes used automatically replaced order ensure valid code always available transmissionreception problems therefore prevent logins.disadvantagesusers may still susceptible phishing attacks.
Multi-factor authentication	attacker send text message links spoofed website looks identical actual website.attacker get authentication code user name password.a mobile phone always available—it lost stolen dead battery otherwise work.despite growing popularity users may even mobile device take umbrage required one condition using service home pc.mobile phone reception always available—large areas particularly outside towns lack coverage.sim cloning gives hackers access mobile phone connections.socialengineering attacks mobileoperator companies resulted handing duplicate sim cards criminals.text messages mobile phones using sms insecure intercepted imsicatchers.thus third parties steal use token.account recovery typically bypasses mobilephone twofactor authentication.modern smartphones used receiving email sms.phone lost stolen protected password biometric accounts email key hacked phone receive second factor.mobile carriers may charge user messaging fees.
Multi-factor authentication	legislation regulation payment card industry pci data security standard requirement .requires use mfa remote network access originates outside network card data environment cde.beginning pcidss version .use mfa required administrative access cde even user within trusted network.european union second payment services directive requires strong customer authentication electronic payments european economic area since september .
Multi-factor authentication	india india reserve bank india mandated twofactor authentication online transactions made using debit credit card using either password onetime password sent sms.temporarily withdrawn transactions ₹ wake november banknote demonetisation.vendors uber mandated bank amend payment processing systems compliance twofactor authentication rollout.united states details authentication federal employees contractors usa defined homeland security presidential directive hspd.existing authentication methodologies involve explained three types basic factors.authentication methods depend one factor difficult compromise singlefactor methods.it regulatory standards access federal government systems require use multifactor authentication access sensitive resources example logging network devices perform administrative tasks accessing computer using privileged login.nist special publication discusses various forms twofactor authentication provides guidance using business processes requiring different levels assurance.in united states federal financial institutions examination council issued guidance financial institutions recommending financial institutions conduct riskbased assessments evaluate customer awareness programs develop security measures reliably authenticate customers remotely accessing online financial services officially recommending use authentication methods depend one factor specifically user knows determine users identity.
Multi-factor authentication	response publication numerous authentication vendors began improperly promoting challengequestions secret images knowledgebased methods multifactor authentication.due resulting confusion widespread adoption methods august ffiec published supplemental guidelines—which state definition true multifactor authentication system must use distinct instances three factors authentication defined use multiple instances single factor.security according proponents multifactor authentication could drastically reduce incidence online identity theft online fraud victims password would longer enough give thief permanent access information.however many multifactor authentication approaches remain vulnerable phishing maninthebrowser maninthemiddle attacks.twofactor authentication web applications especially susceptible phishing attacks particularly sms emails response many experts advise users share verification codes anyone many web application providers place advisory email sms containing code.multifactor authentication may ineffective modern threats like atm skimming phishing malware.in may telefónica german mobile service provider confirmed cybercriminals exploited ss vulnerabilities bypass sms based twostep authentication unauthorized withdrawals users bank accounts.
Multi-factor authentication	criminals first infected account holders computers attempt steal bank account credentials phone numbers.attackers purchased access fake telecom provider set redirect victims phone number handset controlled them.finally attackers logged victims online bank accounts requested money accounts withdrawn accounts owned criminals.sms passcodes routed phone numbers controlled attackers criminals transferred money out.implementation many multifactor authentication products require users deploy client software make multifactor authentication systems work.
Multi-factor authentication	vendors created separate installation packages network login web access credentials vpn connection credentials.products may four five different software packages push client pc order make use token smart card.translates four five packages version control performed four five packages check conflicts business applications.access operated using web pages possible limit overheads outlined single application.multifactor authentication solutions virtual tokens hardware token products software must installed endusers.there drawbacks multifactor authentication keeping many approaches becoming widespread.
Multi-factor authentication	users difficulty keeping track hardware token usb plug.many users technical skills needed install clientside software certificate themselves.generally multifactor solutions require additional investment implementation costs maintenance.hardware tokenbased systems proprietary vendors charge annual fee per user.deployment hardware tokens logistically challenging.
Multi-factor authentication	hardware tokens may get damaged lost issuance tokens large industries banking even within large enterprises needs managed.addition deployment costs multifactor authentication often carries significant additional support costs.survey u. s. credit unions credit union journal reported support costs associated twofactor authentication.report software certificates software toolbar approaches reported highest support costs.research deployments multifactor authentication schemes shown one elements tend impact adoption systems line business organization deploys multifactor authentication system.examples cited include u. s. federal government employs elaborate system physical tokens backed robust public key infrastructure well private banks tend prefer multifactor authentication schemes customers involve accessible less expensive means identity verification app installed onto customerowned smartphone.
Food security in India	despite variations exist among available systems organizations may choose multifactor authentication system deployed within organization tends remain place users invariably acclimate presence use system embrace time normalized element daily process interaction relevant information system.while perception multifactor authentication within realm perfect security roger grimes writes properly implemented configured multifactor authentication fact easily defeated.see also electronic authenticationidentity managementmultiparty authorizationmutual authenticationreliance authenticationstrong authenticationuniversal nd factor references reading external links attackers breached servers rsa stole information could used compromise security twofactor authentication tokens used million employees register.com mar banks use twofactor authentication end slashdot.org oct microsoft abandon passwords microsoft preparing dump passwords favour twofactor authentication forthcoming versions windows vnunet.com marfood security major concern india.according unindia nearly million undernourished people india quarter worlds hunger burden.also roughly children india chronically undernourished.india ranks major countries terms food security index .though available nutritional standard requirement india lags far behind terms quality protein intake needs tackled making available proteinrich food products soybeans lentils meat eggs dairy etc.
Food security in India	affordable prices.laws order provide right food every citizen country parliament india enacted legislation known national food security act .also called right food act act seeks provide subsidized food grains approximately two thirds indias .billion population.signed law september retroactive july .
Food security in India	schemes government central initiatives food corporation india fci established purpose procurement storage distribution foodgrains.playing major role food security india.the national food security act nfsa converts legal entitlements existing food security programmes government india.also includes midday meal scheme integrated child development services scheme public distribution system.rs billion .governments total expenditure allocated provide food subsidies targeted public distribution system tpds.the nfsa also recognizes maternity entitlements.
Food security in India	pregnant women lactating mothers certain categories children eligible daily free cereals.state initiatives karnataka launched indira canteen serves breakfast lunch dinner low price.idea implemented siddaramaiah cm one state would go hungry everyone would get healthy food.andhra pradesh supported nalabothu foundation provides free meals people need redistributing excess food homes restaurants businesses canteens gatherings.scheme brought national attention prime minister modi.tamil nadu launched amma unavagam mothers canteen commonly known amma canteen.genesis program could traced scheme proposed nimbkar agricultural research institute .the state passed food bill.
Food security in India	food going wasted parties preserved distributed poor needy people.the chhattisgarh food security act law enacted chhattisgarh government.passed december state assembly unopposed ensure “access adequate quantity food requirements good nutrition people state affordable prices times live life dignity.” challenges india food availability reliable india.challenge produce growing population becoming increasingly hard country size economic growth.since land india shrinking resource agriculture production rate agriculture needs higher per unit land irrigation water.indian population depend agriculture daily meals.
Food security in India	india produces around million tonnes rice every year.accessing food india considered easy australia.really hard get hands fresh fruit vegetables.might enough food whole population india many families especially children india dont access food financial problems.thus cause millions malnourished children around india.
Food security in India	cultural knowledge india allows nutritional balanced diet.nearly whole indian population rice least day allows carbohydrates system.since india commonly known producing exporting rice countries lifestyle mainly dominated rice.technological solutions india needs concentrate methods improve availability affordability protein rich food products using latest environmental friendly technology without need additional land water.biogas natural gas methane produced farmagrocropdomestic waste also used addition mined natural gas producing protein rich cattlefishpoultrypet animal feed economically cultivating methylococcus capsulatus bacteria culture decentralized manner near ruralconsumption areas tiny land water foot print.
Finjan Holdings	see also bengal famine green revolutionwhite revolutionpublic distribution systemnational food security act welfare schemes indiaantyodaya anna yojana references reading ramaswamy s. .food security india.india mjp publishers.external links httpsncert.nic.intextbookpdfiess.pdffood corporation india httpsfci.gov.inantyodaya anna yojana httpsdfpd.gov.inpdsaay.htmintegrated child development services india httpsicdswcd.nic.inintegrated child development services tamil nadu httpsicds.tn.nic.inacademy development science maharashtra httpmahascience.orgfinjan claims patented technology used enterprise web security tools.formerly publicly traded company nasdaq fnjn acquired fortress investment group .finjan filed large number lawsuits leading software security companies asserting patents including cisco palo alto networks symantec blue coat systems sophos trend micro eset bitdefender check point qualys rapid fortinet others.finjan named patent troll.the original hardware software divisions finjan acquired security .finjan continues hold patents various web security technologies licenses patents trustwave formerly among others.finjans commitment innovation security space continues investments culminated recent launch finjans consulting services business cyberisk development mobile applications consumer subsidiary finjan mobile incubation upandcoming technology startups pioneering new generation security technologies companys investment jerusalem venture partners jvp fund viis cyber labs invested alongside companies like cisco technology companies.
Finjan Holdings	company headquartered east palo alto california.history finjan founded shlomo touboul serial entrepreneur founded first company shani computers sold intel .worked intel starting finjan.touboul decided bring experienced seasoned ceo would able develop grow company quickly left start venture capital fund.in company ran financial difficulties touboul asked board directors rejoin company ceo.touboul realigned companys strategy moving away developing software solutions combined hardware software security appliances additionally company moved channel sales model.
Finjan Holdings	december finjan acquired assets alchemedia software developer drm product called clever content several drm patents alchemedia also ties israel founder daniel schreiber israeli though company technically headquartered dallas area.following disagreements board touboul left started new company yoggie security systems.in october eric benhamou former ceo chairman com appointed chairman finjan.also invested company venture capital fund benhamou global ventures.in november hardware software divisions finjan sold security global computer security firm based orange california international headquarters london offices worldwide.subsequently acquired trustwave still use finjans technology patents licensing agreement.in june finjan became publicly traded company capitalized million installed new management team began focused program license companys landmark intellectual property.may finjan listed nasdaq capital market trading symbol fnjn continue trade today.
Finjan Holdings	investors finjans initial shareholders included cisco microsoft bessemer venture partners benchmark capital harbourvest partners israel seed partners.november company secured additional investment million brought total capital invested finjan since founding million.june finjan became publicly traded company capitalized million installed new management team began focused program license companys landmark intellectual property.may finjan listed nasdaq capital market trading symbol fnjn.finjans patent litigation practices finjan known engage dubious litigation practices.in one case finjan v. check point finjans attorney filed false declaration stating personal knowledge certain facts court found problematic.
Finjan Holdings	court took drastic measure striking declaration.in another case finjan v. juniper district judge found finjans attorney made absolutely false statement concluded saying spent time this.turns bs.big firm bs.in case finjan provided sworn testimony put juniper notice infringing patent phone call.trial front jury discovered phone call legally recorded finjans witness admitted sworn testimony untrue.remarkably finjans witness admitted crossexamination trial weren’t recording would still testifying proper notice infringement given.
Finjan Holdings	q. i’m asking whether mentioned sky atp swore took oath said had.that’s correct isn’t ita.believe believed yes.q.that’s right.transcript still testimony would giving today isn’t righta.
Finjan Holdings	that’s correct.separate order district judge stated way order vindicate finjans attorneys.conduct improper frustrated fairness proceedings.judges future take account dealing future cases.intellectual property technology finjan claims invented concept proactive content security behaviorbased content analysis technology claim shared others.
Well-known URI	selected technology patents licensed microsoft july .april finjans intellectual property portfolio included granted pending patents areas behaviorbased security digital rights management.finjans portfolio includes processes enable networks execute security plans counteract effects polymorphic code designed hide malware.references external links finjan securebrowsingfinjan holdings companies grouped opencorporatesbutler group research finjan unified secure web gateway v.implemented webservers requests servers wellknown services information available urls consistent wellknown locations across servers.description wellknown uris uniform resource identifiers defined ietf rfc .url path prefixes start .wellknown.implementation response common expectation webbased protocols require certain services information available urls consistent across servers regardless way url paths organized particular host.uris implemented webservers requests servers wellknown services information available urls consistent wellknown locations across servers.the ietf defined simple way web servers hold metadata user agent e.g.
Well-known URI	web browser request.metadata useful various tasks including directing web user use mobile app instead website indicating different ways site secured.wellknown locations used web servers share metadata user agents sometimes files sometimes requests information web server software itself.way declare different metadata requests provided standardized ietf developers know find use information.use path wellknown uri begins characters .wellknown whose scheme http https another scheme explicitly specified use wellknown uris.
Private browsing	example application hosts service example corresponding wellknown uris https would start https shared web site wellknown service expected meet specific standard.specifications need define resource sitewide metadata register use internet assigned numbers authority iana avoid collisions minimize impingement upon sites uri space.list wellknown uris list describes known standards .wellknown services web server implement.references footnotesoperating mode browser creates temporary session isolated browsers main session user data.browsing history saved local data associated session cookies cleared session closed.modes designed primarily prevent data history associated particular browsing session persisting device discovered another user device.in web development used quickly test displaying pages appear firsttime visitors.private browsing modes necessarily protect users tracked websites internet service provider isp.furthermore possibility identifiable traces activity could leaked private browsing sessions means operating system security flaws browser via malicious browser extensions found certain html apis used detect presence private browsing modes due differences behavior.usually people mistake private browsing vpn.
Private browsing	history apples safari browser one first major web browsers include feature.feature since adopted browsers led popularization term mainstream news outlets computing websites discussing beta versions internet explorer .adobe flash player .began honoring browser settings private browsing status regards storage local shared objects.uses noted uses private browsing modes include hiding undesirable content browsing history visits adultoriented websites performing web searches algorithmically influenced prior browsing habits users recorded interests providing clean temporary session guest user using public computer using websites multiple accounts simultaneously.
Private browsing	private browsing also used means circumvent metered paywalls websites.in survey search engine duckduckgo participants declined respond leading researcher elie bursztein note surveys clearly best approach understand people using private browsing mode embarrassment factor listed shopping primary use private browsing modes.a study mozilla foundation found sessions lasted minutes periods activation increased usually around a.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. minor peak hour two midnight.support popular browsers private browsing known different names different browsers.security common misconception private browsing modes protect users tracked websites internet service provider isp.entities still use information ip addresses user accounts uniquely identify users.browsers partly addressed shortcoming offering additional privacy features automatically enabled using private browsing mode firefoxs tracking protection feature control use web trackers since rolled larger content blocking function extended outside private browsing mode opera offering inhouse vpn service embedded within browser.brazilian researchers published results project applied forensic techniques namely foremost data carving tool strings program extract information users browsing activities internet explorer firefox browsers private mode enabled.
Private browsing	able collect enough data identify pages visited even partially reconstruct them.research later extended include chrome safari browsers.gathered data proved browsers private mode implementations able fully hide users browsing activities browsers private mode leave traces activities caching structures files related paging process operating system.another independent security analysis performed group researchers newcastle university reported range potential security vulnerabilities implementation private modes across chrome firefox internet explorer safari including thatbrowser extensions could still record history active private mode.although chrome firefox since required extensions enabled optin basis private browsing modes installed extension normal mode could learn users activities private mode measuring usage shared computing resources.data erasure browser alone found insufficient.example records visited websites private session retained memory long time even private session closed.
Private browsing	addition visited website records usually kept operating system local dns cache.furthermore modified timestamps certain profile files saved disk may reveal private mode previously turned turned on.software bugs present browsers found seriously degrade security private mode.example earlier versions safari browser retained private browsing history records browser program closed normally e.g.result crash user acted add bookmark within private mode.depending whether session private normal mode web browsers typically exhibit different user interfaces traffic characteristics.allows remote website tell user currently private mode example checking color hyperlinks measuring time writing cookies.bugs security vulnerabilities extensions may also leak personally identifiable data private mode.implementations html filesystem api used detect users private mode.
Private browsing	google chrome filesystem api available incognito mode prior version .prevent circumvention paywall policies evasion web tracking scripts used monetize traffic number websites — including new york times — used behavior block access users private browsing mode requiring subscribe log in.chrome allows filesystem api used incognito mode explaining change google argued ability detect use incognito mode infringes users privacy.however later discovered disk space quotas api differed normal incognito modes providing another means detect incognito users.despite statements otherwise google yet patched.
Trishneet Arora	scripts also developed detect private browsing mode browsers firefox.see also anonymous web browsinginternet privacyweb browser references external links turn private incognito browsing.wikihow.retrieved july .arora written books cyber security ethical hacking web defence.named forbes asia list fortune magazine list indias brightest business minds.career arora founded tac security cyber security company provides protection corporations network vulnerabilities data theft.clients reliance industries central bureau investigation punjab police india gujarat police.helps punjab gujarat police investigating cyber crimes conducted training sessions officials.aroras company mainly provides vulnerability assessment penetration testing services.
Trishneet Arora	according arora increase number attacks portals companies.arora also member forbes technology council.awards recognition biographical film filmmaker sunil bohra working biographical film arora expected released .hansal mehta directing movie currently working story.references external links media related trishneet arora wikimedia commonsofficial facebook
Social engineering (security)	differs social engineering within social sciences concern divulging confidential information.type confidence trick purpose information gathering fraud system access differs traditional con often one many steps complex fraud scheme.it also defined act influences person take action may may best interests.an example social engineering use forgot password function websites require login.improperlysecured passwordrecovery system used grant malicious attacker full access users account original user lose access account.information security culture employee behavior big impact information security organizations.cultural concepts help different segments organization work effectively work effectiveness towards information security within organization.
Social engineering (security)	exploring relationship organizational culture information security culture provides following definition information security culture isc totality patterns behavior organization contribute protection information kinds.andersson reimers found employees often see part organization information security effort often take actions ignore organizational information security best interests.research shows information security culture needs improved continuously.information security culture analysis change authors commented never ending process cycle evaluation change maintenance.suggest manage information security culture five steps taken preevaluation strategic planning operative planning implementation postevaluation.preevaluation identify awareness information security within employees analyse current security policy.strategic planning come better awarenessprogram need set clear targets.clustering people helpful achieve it.operative planning set good security culture based internal communication managementbuyin security awareness training program.implementation four stages used implement information security culture.
Social engineering (security)	commitment management communication organizational members courses organizational members commitment employees.techniques terms social engineering techniques based specific attributes human decisionmaking known cognitive biases.biases sometimes called bugs human hardware” exploited various combinations create attack techniques listed below.attacks used social engineering used steal employees confidential information.common type social engineering happens phone.
Social engineering (security)	examples social engineering attacks criminals posing exterminators fire marshals technicians go unnoticed steal company secrets.one example social engineering individual walks building posts officiallooking announcement company bulletin says number help desk changed.employees call help individual asks passwords ids thereby gaining ability access companys private information.another example social engineering would hacker contacts target social networking site starts conversation target.gradually hacker gains trust target uses trust get access sensitive information like password bank account details.social engineering relies heavily six principles influence established robert cialdini.cialdinis theory influence based six key principles reciprocity commitment consistency social proof authority liking scarcity.six key principles authority social engineering attacker may pose authority increase likelihood adherence victim.
Social engineering (security)	intimidation attacker potentially disguised informs implies negative consequences certain actions performed.consequences could include subtle intimidation phrases ill tell manager much worse.consensussocial proof people things see people doing.example one experiment one confederates would look sky bystanders would look sky see missing.one point experiment aborted many people looking stopped traffic.
Social engineering (security)	see conformity asch conformity experiments.scarcity perceived scarcity generate demand.common advertising phrase supplies last capitalizes sense scarcity.urgency linked scarcity attackers use urgency timebased psychological principle social engineering.example saying offers available limited time encourages sales sense urgency.
Social engineering (security)	familiarity liking people easily persuaded people like.cialdini cites marketing tupperware might called viral marketing.people likely buy liked person selling them.many biases favoring attractive people discussed.see physical attractiveness stereotype.
Social engineering (security)	four social engineering vectors vishing vishing otherwise known voice phishing criminal practice using social engineering telephone system gain access private personal financial information public purpose financial reward.also employed attackers reconnaissance purposes gather detailed intelligence target organization.phishing phishing technique fraudulently obtaining private information.typically phisher sends email appears come legitimate business—a bank credit card company—requesting verification information warning dire consequence provided.email usually contains link fraudulent web page seems legitimate—with company logos content—and form requesting everything home address atm cards pin credit card number.
Social engineering (security)	example phishing scam users received emails supposedly ebay claiming users account suspended unless link provided clicked update credit card information genuine ebay already had.mimicking legitimate organizations html code logos relatively simple make fake website look authentic.scam tricked people thinking ebay requiring update account information clicking link provided.indiscriminately spamming extremely large groups people phisher counted gaining sensitive financial information small percentage yet large number recipients already ebay accounts also fall prey scam.smishing act using sms text messaging lure victims specific course action.
Social engineering (security)	like phishing clicking malicious link divulging information.examples text messages claim common carrier like fedex stating package transit link provided.impersonation pretending pretexting another person goal gaining access physically system building.impersonation used sim swap scam fraud.concepts pretexting pretexting adj.
Social engineering (security)	pretextual act creating using invented scenario pretext engage targeted victim manner increases chance victim divulge information perform actions would unlikely ordinary circumstances.elaborate lie often involves prior research setup use information impersonation e.g.date birth social security number last bill amount establish legitimacy mind target.background pretexting interpreted first evolution social engineering continued develop social engineering incorporated currentday technologies.current past examples pretexting demonstrate development.this technique used fool business disclosing customer information well private investigators obtain telephone records utility records banking records information directly company service representatives.

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