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Windows 1.0x	constituted cgahgcega listed monochrome color monitor msdos .kb memory greater two doublesided disk drives hard drive.beginning version .support tandy att graphics modes added.windows .runs shell program known msdos executive little mouseable output dir command support icons ykcompliant.
Windows 1.0x	supplied programs calculator calendar clipboard viewer clock notepad paint reversi cardfile terminal write.windows .allow overlapping windows.instead windows tiled.dialog boxes appear windows cannot minimized.
Windows 1.0x	reception windows .released negative reviews.critics considered platform future potential windows .fulfilled expectations.many reviews criticized demanding system requirements especially noting poor performance experienced running multiple applications windows encouraged use mouse navigation relatively new concept time.
Windows 1.0x	new york times compared performance windows system kb ram pouring molasses arctic design inflexible keyboard users due dependency mouseoriented interface.conclusion times felt poor performance lack dedicated software uncertain compatibility dos programs lack tutorials new users made dosbased software borland sidekick could provide similar assortment accessories multitasking functionality desirable pc users.in retrospect windows .regarded flop contemporary technology publications however still acknowledged overall importance history windows line.nathaniel borenstein went develop mime standards team carnegie mellon university also critical windows first presented group microsoft representatives.underestimating future impact platform believed comparison inhouse window manager guys came pathetic naïve system.
Windows 1.0x	knew never going accomplish anything.verge considered poor reception towards release windows parallel microsofts struggles early versions windows.similar fashion windows .running atop msdos layer windows offered new type interface software geared towards emerging form human interface device pcs case touchscreen running atop legacy windows shell used previous versions.a mock version windows .created microsoft app windows part tiein netflix show stranger things aligned release shows third season takes place .
2009 Sidekick data loss	see also comparison file managersdesqviewossystem macintoshtopview references external links demo windows .running original ibm pcxt youtubewindows .emulatorfile hosting services particular kind online file storage however various products designed online file storage may features characteristics others designed sharing files have.file hosting services former services see also cloud storagecomparison file synchronization softwarecomparison online backup servicescomparison online music lockerslist backup softwareremote backup serviceshared disk access footnotes references external links file hosting services curliecomputer servers holding data run microsoft.brand phone affected danger hiptop also known sidekick connected via tmobile cellular network.time described biggest disaster cloud computing history.the sidekick smartphones originally produced danger inc. company bought microsoft february .acquisition former danger staff absorbed mobile communications business mcb entertainment devices division microsoft worked future microsoft mobile phone platform known project pink.however exdanger employees soon left microsoft pursue things.
2009 Sidekick data loss	microsoft took running data servers data centers hosting customers data time lost.on friday october tmobile sidekick phone users started noticing data service outages occurring.outages lasted approximately two weeks october tmobile announced personal information stored sidekick phones would permanently lost turned incorrect.according financial times microsoft said data center acquired danger months previously updated run microsoft technology.company statement said mishap due confluence errors server failure hurt main backup databases supporting sidekick users.tmobile blamed microsoft loss data.the incident caused public loss confidence concept cloud computing plagued series outages data losses .also problematic microsoft time trying convince corporate clients use cloud computing services azure phone.on october class action lawsuit launched microsoft tmobile.
2009 Sidekick data loss	lawsuit allegedtmobile microsoft promised safeguard important data customers possess apparently failed follow even basic data protection principles.unthinkable day age.the class action lawsuit settled affected users compensated tmobile gift card .check payment free downloadable items.on october microsoft said able recover data would begin restore them.microsoft ceo steve ballmer disputed whether data loss instead describing outage.ballmer said “it clear data loss.however said incident good microsoft.even data loss danger marketed application windows computers would back sidekick data onto users computer also allow changes made redownloaded sidekick realtime.
2009 Sidekick data loss	users backup storage option able save data.united states tmobile marketed application onetime charge .immediately data restored users tmobile incorporated sidekick storage website regular tmobile backup site.application users personal computer danger backup site tmobile backup site could synchronized together.references
Steam (service)	launched standalone software client september way valve provide automatic updates games expanded include games thirdparty publishers.steam also expanded online webbased mobile digital storefront.steam offers digital rights management drm server hosting video streaming social networking services.also provides user installation automatic updating games community features friends lists groups cloud storage ingame voice chat functionality.the software provides freely available application programming interface api called steamworks developers use integrate many steams functions products including ingame achievements microtransactions support usercreated content steam workshop.though initially developed use microsoft windows operating systems versions macos linux later released.
Steam (service)	mobile apps also released ios android windows phone s. platform also offers small selection content including design software hardware game soundtracks anime films.the steam platform largest digital distribution platform pc gaming holding around market share .users purchasing games steam totaled roughly us.billion representing least global pc game sales.service games million monthly active users.success steam led development line steam machine microconsoles include steamos operating system steam controllers steam link devices local game streaming steam deck handheld personal computer system tailored running steam games.
Steam (service)	history valve entered publishing contract sierra studios ahead release halflife.contract given intellectual property ip rights sierra addition publishing control.valve published additional games sierra including expansions halflife counterstrike.around valve started work halflife new source engine became concerned contract sierra related ip rights two companies renegotiated new contract .new contract eliminated sierras ip rights gave valve rights digital distribution games.around time valve problems updating published games.
Steam (service)	could provide downloadable patches multiplayer games new patches would result online user base disconnecting several days everyone implemented patch.valve decided create platform would update games automatically implement stronger antipiracy anticheat measures.user polls time announcement valve also recognized least users access highspeed internet connections would continue grow planned broadband expansion following years recognized could deliver game content faster players retail channels.valve approached several companies including microsoft yahoo realnetworks build client features declined.steams development began working names platform grid gazelle.publicly announced game developers conference event march released beta testing day.
Steam (service)	demonstrate ease integrating steam game relic entertainment created special version impossible creatures.valve partnered several companies including att acer gamespy.first mod released system day defeat.president valve gabe newell said offering mod teams game engine license distribution steam us.prior announcement steam valve found sierra distributing games pc cafes claimed terms contract took sierra owners vivendi games court.sierra countersued asserting announcement steam valve working undermine contract offer digital storefront games directly competing sierra.
Steam (service)	case initially ruled valves favor allowing leave contract due breach seek publishing partners retail copies games continuing work steam.one company microsoft ed fries stated turned offer due valves intent continue sell games steam.between players participated beta test steams official release september .client website choked strain thousands users simultaneously attempting play game.time steams primary function streamlining patch process common online computer games optional component games.world opponent network shut replaced steam online features games required ceasing work unless converted steam.halflife first game require installation steam client play even retail copies.
Steam (service)	decision met concerns software ownership software requirements problems overloaded servers demonstrated previously counterstrike rollout.time users faced problems attempting play game.beginning valve began negotiating contracts several thirdparty publishers release products rag doll kung fu darwinia steam.valve announced steam become profitable highly successful valve games.although digital distribution could yet match retail volume profit margins valve developers far larger steam.larger publishers id software eidos interactive capcom began distributing games steam .
Steam (service)	may year million accounts created service games sale platform.total annual game sales steam estimated around .billion.service million monthly active users.client features functionality software delivery maintenance steams primary service allow users download games software virtual software libraries local computers game cache files gcfs.
Steam (service)	initially valve required publisher games since sole access steams database engine introduction steamworks software development kit sdk may anyone could publish steam without valves direct involvement.prior games released steam traditional antipiracy measures including assignment distribution product keys support digital rights management software tools securom nonmalicious rootkits.update steamworks sdk march valve added custom executable generation ceg approach steamworks sdk removed need measures.ceg technology creates unique encrypted copy games executable files given user allows install multiple times multiple devices make backup copies software.software downloaded installed user must authenticate steam deencrypt executable files play game.normally done connected internet following users credential validation logged steam user instruct steam launch special offline mode able play games without network connection.
Steam (service)	developers limited steams ceg may include forms drm none authentication services steam example games publisher ubisoft require use uplay gaming service prior shutdown games required games windows – live though many games since transitioned using steamworks ceg approach.in september valve added support steam cloud service automatically store saved game related custom files valves servers users access data machine running steam client.games must use appropriate features steamworks steam cloud work.users disable feature pergame peraccount basis.cloud saving expanded january dynamic cloud sync allowing games developed feature store saved states steam cloud game running rather waiting user quit game added ahead portable steam deck unit users save deck put unit suspended state.may service added ability users manage game libraries remote clients including computers mobile devices users instruct steam download install games service steam client currently active running.
Steam (service)	product keys sold thirdparty retailers also redeemed steam.games incorporate steamworks users buy redemption codes vendors redeem steam client add title libraries.steam also offers framework selling distributing downloadable content dlc games.in september steam introduced ability share games family members close friends authorizing machines access ones library.authorized players install game locally play separately owning account.users access saved games achievements providing main owner playing.
Steam (service)	main player initiates game shared account using shared account user allowed minutes either save progress close game purchase game account.within family view introduced january parents adjust settings childrens tied accounts limiting functionality accessibility steam client purchased games.in accordance acceptable use policy valve retains right block customers access games steam services valves anticheat vac software determines user cheating multiplayer games selling accounts others trading games exploit regional price differences.blocking users initially removed access games leading users highvalue accounts losing access minor infractions.valve later changed policy similar electronic arts origin platform blocked users still access games heavily restricted limited playing offline mode unable participate steam community features.customers also lose access games steam account refuse accept changes steams end user license agreements last occurred august .
Steam (service)	april valve began allowing developers set bans players games enacted enforced steam level allowed police gaming communities customizable manner.storefront features steam client includes digital storefront called steam store users purchase computer games.game bought software license permanently attached users steam account allowing download software compatible device.game licenses given accounts certain conditions.content delivered international network servers using proprietary file transfer protocol.
Steam (service)	steam sells products us canadian dollars euros pounds sterling brazilian reais russian rubles indonesian rupiah indian rupees depending users location.december client began supporting webmoney payment system popular many european middle eastern asian countries.april december steam accepted payments bitcoin transactions handled bitpay dropping support due high fluctuation value costly service fees.steam storefront validates users region purchase games may restricted specific regions release dates game classification agreements publishers.since steam translation server project offers steam users assist translation steam client storefront selected library steam games twentyeight languages.
Steam (service)	steam also allows users purchase downloadable content games specific games team fortress ability purchase ingame inventory items.february steam began open similar options ingame item purchases thirdparty games.users steams storefront also purchase games software gifts given another steam user.prior may users could purchase gifts held profiles inventory opted gift them.however feature enabled gray market around games user country price game substantially lower elsewhere could stockpile giftable copies games sell others particularly regions much higher prices.august valve changed gifting policy require games vac game banenabled games gifted immediately another steam user also served combat players worked around vac game bans may valve expanded policy games.
Steam (service)	changes also placed limitations gifts users different countries large difference pricing game two different regions.the steam store also enables users redeem store product keys add software library.keys sold thirdparty providers humble bundle portion sale given back publisher distributor distributed part physical release redeem game given user part promotions often used deliver kickstarter crowd funding rewards.grey market exists around steam keys less reputable buyers purchase large number steam keys game offered low cost resell keys users thirdparty sites higher price generating profit themselves.caused thirdparty sites ga embroiled grey market.possible publishers valve track specific keys used cancel removing product users libraries leaving user seek recourse thirdparty purchased from.
Steam (service)	legitimate storefronts like humble bundle set minimum price must spent obtain steam keys discourage mass purchases would enter grey market.june valve began limiting frequently steam users could change default region prevent purchasing games outside home region cheaper.in steam began accept player reviews games.users subsequently rate reviews helpful humorous otherwise unhelpful used highlight useful reviews games steam store page.steam also aggregates reviews enables users sort products based feedback browsing store.may steam broke aggregations reviews overall made recently last days change valve acknowledges game updates particularly early access alter impression game users.
Steam (service)	prevent observed abuse review system developers thirdparty agents valve modified review system september discount review scores game users activated product product key rather directly purchased steam store though reviews remain visible.alongside valve announced would end business relations developer publisher found abusing review system.separately valve taken actions minimize effects review bombs steam.particular valve announced march mark reviews believe offtopic result review bomb eliminate contribution summary review scores first games took action borderlands games announced borderlands would timedexclusive epic games store.during mid valve began offer freetoplay games global agenda spiral knights champions online offer linked companys move make team fortress freetoplay title.valve included support via steamworks microtransactions ingame items games steams purchasing channels similar manner ingame store team fortress .
Steam (service)	later year valve added ability trade ingame items unopened game gifts users.steam coupons introduced december provides singleuse coupons provide discount cost items.steam coupons provided users developers publishers users trade coupons friends similar fashion gifts ingame items.steam market feature introduced beta december would allow users sell virtual items others via steam wallet funds extended idea.valve levies transaction fee sales game publishers use steam market pay transaction fee.
Steam (service)	example team fortress —the first game supported beta phase—incurred fees.full support games expected available early .april valve added subscriptionbased game support steam first game use service darkfall unholy wars.in october steam introduced nongaming applications sold service manner games.creativity productivity applications access core functions steamworks api allowing use steams simplified installation updating process incorporate features including cloud saving steam workshop.steam also allows game soundtracks purchased played via steam music integrated users media players.
Steam (service)	valve adjusted approach soundtracks longer requiring offered dlc meaning users buy soundtracks games publishers offer soundtracks games steam.valve also added ability publishers rent sell digital movies via service initially video game documentaries.following warner bros. entertainment offering mad max films alongside september release game based series lionsgate entered agreement valve rent one hundred feature films catalog steam starting april films following later.march crunchyroll started offering various anime purchase rent steam.however february valve shuttered video storefront save videos directly related gaming content.available users could also purchase steam machine related hardware.in conjunction developers publishers valve frequently provides discounted sales games daily weekly basis sometimes oriented around publisher genre holiday theme sometimes allow games tried free days sales.
Steam (service)	site normally offers large selection games discount annual summer holiday sales including gamification sales incentive users purchase games.steam allows developers offer demo versions games time valve worked geoff keighley conjunction game awards hold weeklong steam game festival feature large selection game demos current upcoming games alongside sales games already released.event since repeated two three times year typically conjunction game expositions award events since renamed steam next fest.privacy security popularity steam led services attacked hackers.attempt occurred november valve temporarily closed community forums citing potential hacking threats service.
Steam (service)	days later valve reported hack compromised one customer databases potentially allowing perpetrators access customer information including encrypted password credit card details.time valve aware whether intruders actually accessed information discovered encryption method nevertheless warned users alert fraudulent activity.valve added steam guard functionality steam client march protect hijacking accounts via phishing schemes one largest support problems valve time.steam guard advertised take advantage identity protection provided intels secondgeneration core processors compatible motherboard hardware allows users lock account specific computer.locked activity account computers must first approved user locked computer.support apis steam guard available thirdparty developers steamworks.
Steam (service)	steam guard also offers twofactor riskbased authentication uses onetime verification code sent verified email address associated steam account later expanded include twofactor authentication steam mobile application known steam guard mobile authenticator.steam guard enabled verification code sent time account used unknown machine.in steambased game inventories trading cards virtual goods attached users account valve stated potential monetary value drawn hackers try access user accounts financial benefit continue encourage users secure accounts steam guard trading introduced .valve reported december around accounts per month hijacked enabling hijackers empty users inventory items trading features.improve security company announced new restrictions would added march day holds placed traded items unless activate authenticate steam guard mobile authenticator.revuln commercial vulnerability research firm published paper october said steam browser protocol posing security risk enabling malicious exploits simple user click maliciously crafted steam url browser.second serious vulnerability gamingrelated software following recent problem ubisofts game distribution platform uplay.
Steam (service)	german platform heise online recommended strict separation gaming sensitive data example using pc dedicated gaming gaming second windows installation using computer account limited rights dedicated gaming.in july bug software allowed anyone reset password account using forgot password function client.highprofile professional gamers streamers lost access accounts.december steams content delivery network misconfigured response ddos attack causing cached store pages containing personal information temporarily exposed users.in april valve added new privacy settings steam users able set current activity status private visible friends public addition able hide game lists inventory profile elements similar manner.changes brought steams privacy settings inline approaches used game console services also impacted thirdparty services steam spy relied public data estimate steam sales count.valve established hackerone bug bounty program may crowdsourced method test improve security features steam client.august security researcher exposed zeroday vulnerability windows client steam allowed user run arbitrary code localsystem privileges using simple commands.
Steam (service)	vulnerability reported valve via program initially rejected outofscope.following second vulnerability found user valve apologised patched expanded programs rules accept similar problems future.user interface since november steam allowed users review purchased games organize categories set user add favorite lists quick access.players add nonsteam games libraries allowing game easily accessed steam client providing support possible steam overlay features.steam interface allows userdefined shortcuts added.way thirdparty modifications games purchased steam store use steam features.
Steam (service)	valve sponsors distributes modifications free charge modifications use steamworks also use vac friends server browser steam features supported parent game.games launched steam client provides ingame overlay accessed keystroke.overlay user access steam community lists participate chat manage selected steam settings access builtin web browser without exit game.since beginning february beta version overlay also allows players take screenshots games process automatically stores allows player review delete share game session.full version february feature reimplemented users could share screenshots websites facebook twitter reddit straight users screenshot manager.steams big picture mode announced public betas started september integrated software december .
Steam (service)	big picture mode foot user interface optimizes steam display work highdefinition televisions allowing user control steam gamepad keyboard mouse.newell stated big picture mode step towards dedicated steam entertainment hardware unit.introduction steam deck valve stated eventually replace big picture mode steam decks user interface.inhome streaming introduced may allows users stream games installed one computer another—regardless platform—on home network low latency.june valve renamed feature remote play allowing users stream games across devices may outside home network.steams remote play together added november month beta testing gives ability local multiplayer games played people disparate locations though necessary resolve latency problems typical types games.
Steam (service)	remote play together expanded february give ability invite nonsteam players play though steam link app approach.the steam client part social network service allows users identify friends join groups using steam community feature.steam chat feature users use text chat peertopeer voip users identify games friends group members playing join invite friends steamworksbased multiplayer games support feature.users participate forums hosted valve discuss steam games.user unique page shows groups friends game library including earned achievements game wishlists social features users choose keep information private.january valve reported million million active steam accounts signed steam community.
Steam (service)	conjunction steam summer sale user profiles updated badges reflecting users participation steam community past events.steam trading cards system players earn virtual trading cards based games introduced may .using players trade steam users steam marketplace use craft badges grant rewards game discount coupons emoticons ability customize user profile page.steam client became openid provider allowing thirdparty websites use steam users identity without requiring user expose steam credentials.order prevent abuse access community features restricted onetime payment least us made valve.
Steam (service)	requirement fulfilled making purchase five dollars steam adding amount wallet.through steamworks steam provides means server browsing multiplayer games use steam community features allowing users create lobbies friends members common groups.steamworks also provides valve anticheat vac valves proprietary anticheat system game servers automatically detect report users using cheats online multiplayer games.august valve added new features—including dedicated hub pages games highlight best usercreated content top forum posts screenshots—to community area.december feature users upload walkthroughs guides detailing game strategy added.starting january steam client allowed players livestream steam friends public playing games platform.
Steam (service)	main event international dota tournament valve launched steam.tv major update steam broadcasting adding steam chat steamworks integration spectating matches played event.also used events prerelease tournament digital card game artifact game awards steam awards award shows.in september steam music added steam client allowing users play music stored computer stream locally networked computer directly steam.update friends chat system released july allowing nonpeertopeer chats integrated voice chat features compared discord.standalone mobile app based android ios released may .a major visual overhaul library game profile pages released october .redesigns aimed aid users organize games help showcase shared games users friends playing games livestreamed new content may available along customization options sorting games.
Steam (service)	associated valve gave developers means communicating special ingame events approaching steam events appear players revamped library game profile pages.a steam points system storefront added june mirrored similar temporary points systems used prior sales storefront.users earn points purchases steam receiving community recognition helpful reviews discussion comments.points expire prior sales redeemed separate storefront cosmetics apply users profile chat interface.developer features valve provides developers ability create storefront pages games ahead time help generate interest game ahead release.also necessary fix release date functions valves build review free service performed valve week release date make sure game installed run checks make sure games launch otherwise troublefree.
Steam (service)	recent updates related discovery queues given developers options customizing storefront page pages integration users experiences steam client.valve offers steamworks application programming interface api provides development publishing tools take advantage steam clients features freeofcharge game software developers.steamworks provides networking player authentication tools server peertopeer multiplayer games matchmaking services support steam community friends groups steam statistics achievements integrated voice communications steam cloud support allowing games integrate steam client.api also provides anticheating devices digital copy management.introducing steam controller improvements steam interface support numerous customization options steamworks api also updated provide generic controller library developers customization features thirdparty controllers starting dualshock .steams api since updated include official support console controllers nintendo switch pro controller xbox wireless controller xbox series x series consoles playstation dualsense well compatible controllers thirdparty manufacturers.developers software available steam able track sales games steam store.
Steam (service)	february valve announced would begin allow developers set sales games independent sales valve may set.valve may also work developers suggest participation sales themed days.valve added ability developers sell games early access model special section steam store starting march .program allows developers release functional finished products beta versions service allow users buy games help provide testing feedback towards final production.early access also helps provide funding developers help complete games.early access approach allowed developers publish games onto steam service without need valves direct curation games significantly increasing number available games service.developers able request steam keys products use see fit give away promotions provide selected users review give key resellers different profitization.
Steam (service)	valve generally honors requests clarified would evaluate requests avoid giving keys games offerings designed manipulate steam storefront features.example valve said request keys game significantly negative reviews sales steam unlikely granted.valve enabled ability multiple developers create bundles games offerings without need valves staff create behalf june .steam workshop steam workshop steam accountbased hosting service videogame usercreated content.depending title new levels art assets gameplay modifications content may published installed steam workshop automated online accountbased process.workshop originally used distribution new items team fortress redesigned extend support game early including modifications elder scrolls v skyrim.
Steam (service)	may patch portal enabled new mapmaking tool steam workshop introduced ability share usercreated levels.independently developed games including dungeons dredmor able provide steam workshop support usergenerated content.dota became valves third published title available steam workshop june features include customizable accessories character skins announcer packs.workshop content may monetized newell said workshop inspired gold farming world warcraft find way incentive players content creators video games informed approach team fortress later multiplayer games.by january valve provided userdeveloped workshop content paidfor features valvedeveloped games including team fortress dota million paid content creators using workshop.valve began allowing developers use advanced features january developer content generator share profits sale items feature went live april starting various mods skyrim.
Steam (service)	feature pulled days afterward following negative user feedback reports pricing copyright misuse.six months later valve stated still interested offering type functionality future would review implementation avoid previous mistakes.november steam client updated ability game developers offer ingame items direct sale via store interface rust first game use feature.steam schools steam schools discontinued functionlimited version steam client available free charge use schools.part valves initiative support gamification learning classroom instruction.
Steam (service)	released alongside free versions portal standalone program called puzzle maker allowed teachers students create manipulate levels.featured additional authentication security allowed teachers share distribute content via steam workshoptype interface blocks access students.steamvr steamvr virtual reality hardware software platform developed valve focus allowing roomscale experiences using positional tracking base stations opposed requiring player stay singular location.steamvr first introduced oculus rift headset later expanded support virtual reality headsets htc vive valve index.though released support windows macos linux valve dropped macos support steamvr may .
Steam (service)	storefront curation valve would handpick games included onto steam service limiting games either major developer supporting smaller studios proven track records valves purposes.since valve sought ways enable games offered steam pulling away manually approving games service short validating game runs platforms publisher indicated.alden kroll member steam development team said valve knows steam nearmonopoly game sales personal computers company want position determine gets sold thus tried find ways make process adding games steam outside control.time valve recognized unfettered control games onto service lead discovery problems well lowquality games put onto service cash grab.steam greenlight valves first attempt streamline game addition service steam greenlight announced july released following month.
Steam (service)	greenlight steam users would choose games added service.developers able submit information games well early builds beta versions consideration users.users would pledge support games valve would help make toppledged games available steam service.response complaints first week finding games support made difficult flood inappropriate false submissions valve required developers pay us list game service reduce illegitimate submissions.fees donated charity childs play.
Steam (service)	fee met concern smaller developers often already working deficit may money cover fees.later modification allowed developers put conceptual ideas greenlight service garner interest potential projects freeofcharge votes projects visible developer.valve also allowed nongaming software voted onto service greenlight.the initial process offered greenlight panned developers favored concept rate games eventually approved small.valve acknowledged problem believed could improved upon.january newell stated valve recognized role greenlight perceived bottleneck something company planning eliminate future open marketplace infrastructure.
Steam (service)	eve greenlights first anniversary valve simultaneously approved games greenlight process demonstrate change direction.greenlight service helped bring varied games onto steam without excessive bureaucracy also led excessively large number games service make difficult single one stand out.valve discussed plans phase greenlight favor providing developers easier means put games onto steam.steam direct steam greenlight phased replaced steam direct june .steam direct developer publisher wishing distribute game steam needs complete appropriate identification tax forms valve pay recoupable application fee game intend publish.
Steam (service)	apply developer must wait thirty days publishing game give valve ability review game make sure configured correctly matches description provided store page doesnt contain malicious content.on announcing plans steam direct valve suggested fee would range – meant encourage earnest software submissions service weed poor quality games treated shovelware improving discovery pipeline steams customers.smaller developers raised concerns direct fee harming excluding potentially good indie games reaching steam marketplace.valve opted set direct fee reviewing concerns community recognizing need keep low amount small developers outlining plans improve discovery algorithms inject human involvement help these.valve refunds fee game exceed sales.process transitioning greenlight direct valve massapproved remaining games still greenlight though company noted state published.
Steam (service)	valve anticipated volume new games added service would increase direct place.groups publisher raw fury crowd fundinginvestment site fig offered pay direct fee indie developers afford it.discovery updates without direct interaction curation process allowing hundreds games service valve looked find methods allow players find games would likely buy based previous purchase patterns.september discovery update added tools would allow existing steam users curators game recommendations sorting functions presented popular games recommended games specific user allow games introduced steam without need steam greenlight providing means highlight userrecommended games.discovery update considered successful valve reported march seeing increased use steam storefront increase sales revenue prior update.
Steam (service)	second discovery update released november giving users control games want see ignore within steam store alongside tools developers publishers better customize present game within new users preferences.by february valve reported second discovery update number games shown users via stores front page increased conversions sales viewership.games meeting rough metric success defined valve selling revenues first days release.valve added curator connect program december .curators set descriptors type games interested preferred languages tags along social media profiles developers find reach specific curators information review provide directly access game.step eliminates use steam redemption key aimed reduce reselling keys well dissuade users may trying game curator system obtain free game keys.
Steam (service)	prior october valve received revenue share flat direct steam sales transactions.date however valve updated policies cut revenue game surpasses us million us million.policy change seen journalists trying entice larger developers stay steam rather digital storefronts like origin uplay decision also met backlash indie small game developers revenue split remained unchanged.valve attempted deal fake games built around reused assets little innovation designed misuse steams features benefit developer select users.help assist finding removing games service company added steam explorers atop existing steam curator program according various youtube personalities spoken games past valve directly including jim sterling totalbiscuit.steam user able sign explorer asked look underperforming games service either vouch game truly original simply lost among releases example fake game point valve take action remove game.in july steam labs feature introduced means valve showcase experimental discovery features considered including steam seek public feedback see something users want fully integrating storefront.
Steam (service)	example initial experiment released launch interactive recommender uses artificial intelligence algorithms pulling data users past gameplay history comparing users suggest new games may interest them.experiments mature enduser testing brought storefront direct features.the september discovery update valve claimed would improve visibility niche lesserknown games met criticism indie game developers recorded significant drop exposure games including new wishlist additions appearances like discovery queue sections store.policies june valve created formal process allow purchasers request full refunds games purchased steam reason refunds guaranteed within first two weeks long player spent two hours game.prior june valve norefunds policy allowed certain circumstances thirdparty content failed work improperly reports certain features.example steam version dust originally stated single postinstallation online drm check publisher ubisoft released version game required drm check ubisofts servers time used.
Steam (service)	request ubisoft valve offered refunds customers bought game ubisoft worked release patch would remove drm check altogether.war zs release players found game still alphabuild state lacked many features advertised steam store page.though developers hammerpoint interactive altered description launch reflect current state game software valve removed title steam offered refunds bought it.valve also removed earth year early access program offered refunds discovering games developers reused assets games used developer tools erase negative complaints title.valve stated would continue work improving discovery process users taking principles learned providing transparency matchmaking dota make process better using towards steam storefront procedures help refine algorithms user feedback.valve full authority remove games service various reasons however games removed still downloaded played already purchased games.
Steam (service)	another reason would games licenses expired may longer sold number transformers games published activision license hasbro removed store january .grand theft auto vice city removed steam claim recording industry association america expired license one songs soundtrack.around launch electronic arts ea digital storefront origin year valve removed crysis dragon age ii alice madness returns steam terms service prevented games ingame storefront downloadable content.case crysis maximum edition contained available downloadable content game removed ingame storefront readded steam.valve also remove games formally stated violating copyright intellectual property given complaints.
Steam (service)	valve removed orion trek industries activision filed digital millennium copyright act dmca complaint game discovered one games artists taken among assets gun models directly call duty black ops call duty advanced warfare.quality control launch steam direct effectively removing curation games valve prior published steam several incidents published games attempted mislead steam users.starting june valve taken actions games developers trolling system september valve explicitly defined trolls steam arent actually interested good faith efforts make sell games anyone instead use game shaped object could considered video game would considered good nearunanimity users.example valves lombardi stated game active shooter would allowed player play either swat team member tasked take shooter school shooting incident shooter example trolling described designed nothing generate outrage cause conflict existence.active shooter removed steam prior valve issuing policy statement reasoning development abused steam services terms conditions lombardi asserted would removed game offered developer.
Steam (service)	day making new policy valve subsequently removed four yetreleased games service appeared also created purposely create outrage including aids simulator isis simulator.within month clarifying definition trolling valve removed approximately games steam.in addition removing bad actors service valve also taken steps reduce impact fake games misuse service.may valve identified several games service trading card support developer distributed game codes thousands botoperated accounts would run game earn trading cards could sell profit games would also create false positives make games appear popular really would impact games suggested legitimate players store algorithms affecting steams discovery algorithms.subsequent patch games must reach type confidence factor based actual playtime generate trading cards players credited time played towards receiving trading cards metric met.valve identified similar situation june fake games offered large numbers game achievements little gameplay aspects users would use artificially raise global achievement statistics displayed profile.
Steam (service)	valve plans use approach algorithms identify types games limiting games one thousand total achievements discounting achievements towards users statistics.algorithms resulted select false positives legitimate games unusual enduser usage patterns wandersong flagged january developer believed related near unanimous positive users reviews game.other actions taken developers terms service policies prompted valve remove games.noted examples includein september valve removed digital homicide studios games storefront hostile steam customers following lawsuit developer issued unnamed steam users leaving negative reviews games.digital homicide later dropped lawsuit part due removal games steam affecting financial ability proceed lawsuit.in september valve removed games developed silicon echo operating several different names released period months implementation steam direct.valve cited cheap fake games relied asset flipping preexisting unity game engine assets could published quickly designed take advantage trading card market allow players developers profit trading card sales.in february discovering ceo insel games requested companys employees write positive steam reviews games manipulate review scores valve removed insels games service banned company it.in july games abstractism climber offered steam inventory items used assets valve games used mislead users looking trading.
Steam (service)	valve removed games built additional trade protections warning users trades involving recently released games games prevent scamming.in november nearly games removed steam.appeared tied russian publisher operated several different names.valve representative stated recently discovered handful partners abusing steamworks tools rationale removals.developers stated valve began warning removal games used cryptocurrencies nonfungible tokens october items could realworld value outside game steam would valves acceptable use policy.mature content valve also removed threatened remove games due inappropriate mature content though often confusion material qualified number mature nonpornographic visual novels threatened.example eek games house party included scenes nudity sexual encounters original release drew criticism conservative religious organization national center sexual exploitation leading valve remove title service.
Steam (service)	eek games later able satisfy valves standards including censor bars within game allowing game readded steam though offered patch website remove bars.may several developers animestylized games contained light nudity huniepop told valve address sexual content within games face removal steam leading questions inconsistent application valves policies.national center sexual exploitation took credit convincing valve target games.however valve later rescinded orders allowing games remain telling developers valve would reevaluate games inform content would need changed removed.in june valve clarified policy content taking handsoff approach rather deem content inappropriate outside illegal material.rather trying make decisions content appropriate valve enhanced filtering system allow developers publishers indicate justify types mature content including violence nudity sexual content games.
Steam (service)	users block games marked type content appearing store blocked presented description given developer publisher continue store page.developers publishers existing games steam strongly encouraged complete forms games valve use moderators make sure new games appropriately marked.valve also committed developing antiharassment tools support developers may find game amid controversy.until tools place adultthemed games delayed release.negligee love stories developed dharker studios one first sexually explicit games offered introduction tools september .dharker noted discussions valve would liable contentrelated fines penalties countries may place valve clause publishing contract steam took steps restrict sale game regions.
Steam (service)	games feature mature themes primary characters visually appear underaged even games narrative establishes adults banned valve.in march valve faced pressure rape day planned game described dark comedy power fantasy player would control serial rapist midst zombie apocalypse.journalists questioned handsoff approach would handle case valve ultimately decided offering game steam arguing respects developers desire express costs risks associated games content developers chosen content matter way representing makes difficult us help find audience.platforms microsoft windows steam originally released exclusively microsoft windows since ported platforms.recent steam client versions use chromium embedded framework.take advantage features newer interface elements steam uses bit versions chromium makes unsupported older operating systems windows xp windows vista.
Steam (service)	steam windows also relies security features built later versions windows.steam support xp vista dropped .users still operating systems able use client access newer features.around .steam users affected began.
Steam (service)	macos march valve announced client mac os x. announcement preceded change steam beta client support crossplatform webkit web browser rendering engine instead trident engine internet explorer.announcement valve teased release emailing several images mac community gaming websites images featured characters valve games apple logos parodies vintage macintosh advertisements.valve developed full video homage apples macintosh commercial announce availability halflife episodes service concept images video previously used tease mac steam client.steam mac os x originally planned release april pushed back may following beta period.addition steam client several features made available developers allowing take advantage crossplatform source engine platform network capabilities using steamworks.steamplay macos client allows players purchased compatible products windows version download mac versions cost allowing continue playing game platform.
Steam (service)	thirdparty games may require user repurchase gain access crossplatform functionality.steam cloud along many multiplayer pc games also supports crossplatform play allowing windows macos linux users play regardless platform.linux valve announced july developing steam client linux modifying source engine work natively linux based ubuntu distribution.announcement followed months speculation primarily website phoronix discovered evidence linux developing recent builds steam valve games.newell stated getting steam games work linux key strategy valve newell called closed nature microsoft windows catastrophe everyone pc space linux would maintain openness platform.
Steam (service)	valve extending support developers want bring games linux making easy possible anybody whos engaged us—putting games steam getting running linux according newell.the team developing linux client working year announcement validate port would possible.official announcement nearfeaturecomplete steam client linux developed successfully run ubuntu.internal beta testing linux client started october external beta testing occurred early november year.open beta clients linux made available late december client officially released midfebruary .time announcement valves linux division assured first game os left dead would run acceptable frame rate degree connectivity windows mac os x versions.
Steam (service)	began working porting games ubuntu expanding linux distributions.linux games also eligible steamplay availability.versions steam working fedora red hat enterprise linux released october .june number linuxcompatible games steam reached surpassing march .year later march number doubled .
Steam (service)	october steam linux reached native games mark.in august valve released beta version proton opensource windows compatibility layer linux linux users could run windows games directly steam linux removing need install windows version steam wine.proton composed set opensource tools including wine dxvk among others.software allows use steamsupported controllers even compatible windows.planned release valves handheld computer steam deck run steamos .based arch linux distribution using proton support windowsbased games without native linux ports.
Steam (service)	end valve worked various middleware developers make sure tools compatible proton linux maximize number games steam deck extension linuxbased installations would support.included working various anticheat developers easy anticheat battleye make sure solutions worked proton.help compatibility valve developed classification system populate rank game well works linux native solution proton.support nvidias deep learning super sampling dlss supported video cards games added proton june though available steam deck based amd hardware.platforms e newell announced steamworks would arrive playstation portal .would provide automatic updates community support downloadable content unannounced features.
Steam (service)	steamworks made debut consoles portal playstation release.several features—including crossplatform play instant messaging steam cloud saved games ability ps owners download portal steam windows mac extra cost—were offered.valves counterstrike global offensive also supports steamworks crossplatform features playstation including using keyboard mouse controls alternative gamepad.valve said hopes expand upon foundation steam features functionality dlc future content releases.the xbox support steamworks.newell said would liked bring service console game counterstrike global offensive would allowed valve provide feature set playstation later said crossplatform play would present final version game.
Steam (service)	valve attributes inability use steamworks xbox limitations xbox live regulations ability deliver patches new content.valves erik johnson stated microsoft required new content console certified validated distribution would limit usefulness steamworks delivery approach.mobile valve released official steam client ios android devices late january following short beta period.application allows players log accounts browse storefront manage games communicate friends steam community.application also incorporates twofactor authentication system works steam guard enhancing security users account.
Steam (service)	newell stated application strong request steam users sees means make steam richer accessible everyone.mobile steam client windows phone devices released june .may mobile chatonly client steam released name steam chat.on may steam link app remote play features released beta allow users stream games android phones.also submitted ios app store denied apple inc. cited business conflicts app guidelines.apple later clarified rule following apple worldwide developers conference early june ios apps may offer applike purchasing store restrict apps provide remote desktop support would allow users purchases content remote desktop.
Steam (service)	response valve removed ability purchase games content app resubmitted approval june accepted apple allowed store may .steam machine prior industry analysts believed valve developing hardware tuning features steam apparent use hardware.computers preemptively dubbed steam boxes gaming community expected dedicated machine focused upon steam functionality maintaining core functionality traditional video game console.september valve unveiled steamos custom linuxbased operating system developed specifically aimed running steam games final concept steam machine hardware.unlike consoles steam machine set hardware technology implemented discretion manufacturer fully customizable much like personal computer.
Steam (service)	steam link steam link settop box removed need hdmi cables displaying pcs screen allowed wireless connection connecting tv.discontinued steam link refers remote play mobile app allows users stream content games pc mobile device network.steam cloud play valve included beta support steam cloud play may developers allow users play games library developers publishers opted allow cloud gaming service.launch steam cloud play worked nvidias geforce service would link cloud services future though whether valve would run cloud gaming service unclear.steam china china strict regulations video games internet use however access steam allowed chinas governmental firewalls.
Steam (service)	currently large portion steam users china.november half steam userbase fluent chinese effect created large popularity dota playerunknowns battlegrounds country several developers reported chinese players make total players games.following chinese governmentordered temporary block many steams functions december valve perfect world announced would help provide officially sanctioned version steam meets chinese internet requirements.perfect world worked valve help bring dota counterstrike global offensive country approved government processes.games released steam china expected pass government approval process meet governmental requirements operation requiring chinese company run game online presence.the platform known locally steam platform chinese 蒸汽平台 pinyin zhēngqì píngtái runs independently rest steam.made comply chinas strict regulations video games featuring passed approval government.
Steam (service)	valve plan prevent chinese users accessing global steam platform try assure players cloud data remains usable two.client launched open beta february games available launch.december around games reviewed licensed government available steam china.on december reports emerged steams global service target domain name system attack prevented users china accessing site.ministry industry information technology miit later confirmed chinese gamers would longer able use steams global service international domain name designated illegal due illicit activities unspecified.block effectively locked chinese users games purchased steams international service would able go steams chinaspecific application.
Steam (service)	steam deck july valve revealed steam deck handheld gaming computer plans ship december although delayed february release.deck designed play steam games placed separate dock purchased separately allows deck output external display use docks power networking connected usb accessories.market share impact users valve reported million active accounts steam end .august company reported million new active accounts since january bringing total number active users least million.accounts north america western europe valve seen significant growth accounts asian countries within recent years spurred work help localize client make additional currency options available purchasers.valve also considers concurrent user count key indicator success platform reflecting many accounts logged steam time.
Steam (service)	august valve reported saw peak million concurrent players .million million concurrent players day million month.january peak online count reached .million million daily active users.coronavirus pandemic large proportion worlds population encouraged forced stay home steam saw concurrent player count million march along several games seeing similar recordbreaking concurrent counts.
Steam (service)	figure broken january million users shortly release highly anticipated game cyberpunk first singleplayer game service million concurrent players.sales distribution steam grown significantly since launch .whereas service started seven games additional nongaming products creation software dlc videos numbering .growth games steam attributed changes valves curation approach allows publishers add games without valves direct involvement enabled greenlight early access models games supporting virtual reality technology.though steam provides direct sales data games developer publisher provide public sales data provide data thirdparty sales groups like npd group.valves jason holtman stated company felt sales data outdated digital market since data used aggregate sources could lead inaccurate conclusions.
Steam (service)	data valve provide cannot released without permission nondisclosure agreement valve.developers publishers expressed need metrics sales games steam allows judge potential success title reviewing similar games performed.led creation algorithms worked publicly available data user profiles estimate sales data accuracy led creation website steam spy .steam spy credited reasonably accurate april valve added new privacy settings defaulted hiding user game profiles default stating part compliance general data protection regulation gdpr european union.change broke method steam spy collected data rendering unusable.months later another method developed using game achievements estimate sales similar accuracy valve shortly changed steam api reduced functionality service.
Steam (service)	asserted valve used gdpr change means block methods estimating sales data though valve since promised provide tools developers help gain insights say accurate steam spy was.simon carless revised approach originally proposed mike boxleiter early carlesss method used estimate sales game based number reviews steam based modified boxlieter number used multiplication factor.because valves oversight sales data estimates much market share steam video game market difficult compile.however stardock previous owner competing platform impulse estimated steam share digital distribution market video games.early forbes reported steam sales constituted – us billion market downloaded pc games steam offered game producers gross margins purchase price compared retail.steams success led criticism support drm effective monopoly.
Steam (service)	free software foundation founder richard stallman commented issue following announcement steam would come linux said supposes release boost gnulinux adoption leaving users better microsoft windows stressed sees nothing wrong commercial software problem steam unethical free software inclusion gnulinux distributions teaches users point freedom thus works software freedom goal.in november cd projekt developer witcher assassins kings revealed steam responsible online sales game.steam responsible .gross revenue defenders quest first three months release across six digital distribution platforms—comprising four major digital game distributors two methods purchasing downloading game directly developer.september .million accounts belonged australian users grew .
Steam (service)	million october .steams customer service highly criticized users citing poor response times lack response regards problems locked ones library nonworking game redemption key.march valve given failing f grade better business bureau due large number complaints valves handling steam leading valves erik johnson state dont feel like customer service support needs right now.johnson stated company plans better integrate customer support features steam client responsive problems.may addition hiring staff customer service valve publicized pages show number type customer service requests handling last days average entered day.requests refunds largest segment valve could resolve within hours followed account security recovery requests.
Steam (service)	valve stated time service requests processed within hours filing.curation addition greenlight direct accelerated number games present service almost games steam end released .end games released steam reached end .games service february .prior greenlight valve saw five new games published week.
Steam (service)	greenlight expanded per week doubled per week following introduction direct.processes allow developers publish games steam minimal oversight valve journalists criticized valve lacking curation policies make difficult find quality games among poorly produced games aka shovelware.following launch steam direct allowing games published without valves curation members video game industry split valves handsoff approach.praised valve favoring avoid trying moral adjudicator content letting consumers decide content want see others felt would encourage developers publish games steam purposely hateful degenerate social classes like lgbtq valves reliance user filters algorithms may succeed blocking undesirable content certain users.criticized decision based financial gain valve collects sales steam giving company reason avoid blocking game content compounds existing curation problems service has.national center sexual exploitation issued statement denounces decision light rise sexual violence exploitation games hosted steam current metoo culture steam made cowardly choice shirk corporate social responsibility remove sexually violent exploitive video games platform.
Steam (service)	sector competition release nearly steam mostly uncontested hold pc digital distribution market major competitors emerged largest competitors past services like games windows – live impulse shut respectively.sales via steam catalog estimated percent total pc gaming market.increase retail copies integrating steam critics often refer service monopoly claim placing percentage overall market detrimental industry whole sector competition yield positive results consumer.several developers also noted steams influence pc gaming market powerful one smaller developers cannot afford ignore work believe valves corporate practices service make type benevolent dictator valve attempts make service amenable developers.as steam grown popularity many competing services surfacing trying emulate success.notable major competitors electronic arts ea origin service ubisofts uplay blizzard entertainments battle.net cd projekts gog.com epic games epic games store.
Steam (service)	battle.net competes publisherexclusive platform gog.coms catalog includes many games steam offers drmfree platform.upon launch eas origin several eapublished games longer available sale users feared future ea games would limited origins service.newell expressed interest ea games returning steam catalog though noted situation complicated.newell stated show ea smart decision ea games steam we’re going try show that.ea started publish select games steam offering rebranded subscription service ea play platform.
Steam (service)	ubisoft still publishes games steam platform however games published since launch uplay require service run launching game steam.steam criticized cut revenue game sales value similar digital storefronts.however critics asserted cut longer scales cheaper costs serving data decade since steams launch.epic games tim sweeney postulated valve could reduce cut given content delivery network costs dropped significantly.shortly following announcement valve would reduce cut games selling us million epic launched epic games store december promoting epic would take cut revenue games sold well charging normal revenue cut games use unreal engine.chat application discord followed suit days later promoting cut games sold store.
Steam (service)	legal disputes steams predominance gaming market led valve becoming involved various legal cases.lack formal refund policy led australian competition consumer commission accc sue valve september violating australian consumer laws required stores offer refunds faulty broken products.commission lawsuit march though recognizing valve changed policy interim.accc argued court valve fined million australian dollars order achieve specific general deterrents also serious nature conduct prior policy changes.valve argued previous court case finding valves conduct intended mislead deceive consumers argued fine.
Steam (service)	december court ruled accc fined valve million well requiring valve include proper language australian consumers outlining rights purchasing games steam.valve sought appeal rulings arguing part physical presence australia thrown higher courts december .january valve filed special leave appeal decision high court australia high court dismissed request affirming valve still bound australian law since sold products directly australian citizens.later september valves steam refund policy found violation frances consumer laws fined € along requiring valve modify refund policy appropriately.in december french consumer group ufcque choisir initiated lawsuit valve several steam policies conflict run afoul french law including restriction reselling purchased games legal european union.september tribunal de grande instance de paris found valves practice preventing resales violated european unions information society directive computer programs directive required allow future.
Steam (service)	decision primarily based courts findings steam sells licenses software titles despite valves claim selling subscriptions covered directives.company stated would appeal decision.interactive software federation europe isfe issued statement french court ruling goes established eu case law related digital copies threatened upend much digital distribution systems europe upheld.in august bt group filed lawsuit valve stating steams client infringes four patents stated used within steams library chat messaging broadcasting services.in european commission began investigating valve five publishers—bandai namco entertainment capcom focus home interactive koch media zenimax media—for anticompetitive practices specifically use geoblocking steam storefront steam product keys prevent access software citizens certain countries within european economic area.practices would digital single market initiative set european union.french gaming trade group syndicat national du jeu vidéo noted geoblocking necessary feature hinder inappropriate product key reselling group buys number keys regions cost low resells regions much higher value profit difference outside european oversight tax laws.
Steam (service)	commission found january valve codefendants violated antitrust rules european union issued combined fines €.million determined companies may liable lawsuits affected consumers.valve chosen cooperate fined €.million defendants.publishers fines amounted € million reduced cooperation ec.a january classaction lawsuit filed valve asserted company forced developers entering favored nationtype pricing contract offer games storefront required developers price games platforms steam thus stifling competition.
Steam (service)	gamasutras simon carless analyzed lawsuit observed valves terms apply resale steam keys games thus lawsuit may without merit.separate classaction lawsuit filed valve wolfire games april asserted steam essentially monopoly developers want sell games personal computer users must sell steam cut favored nation pricing practices violate antitrust laws result position.valves response suit filed july sought dismiss complaint stating duty antitrust law allow developers use free steam keys undersell prices games sell steam—or provide steam keys all.valve defended revenue meeting current industry standard.wolfires suit dismissed presiding judge november determining wolfire failed show valve monopoly game sales cut consistent higher vendors.
Nitix	notes references external links official websitesoftware developed net integration technologies inc. acquired ibm january currently operates ibm lotus foundations.history nitix originally named weaver first created september linuxbased server required minimal configuration.primarily built preconfigured hardware platforms named net integrators nitix first became standalone operating system capable deployment thirdparty hardware january .programming earliest versions weaver done primarily avery pennarun dave coombs students university waterloo.nitix claimed linuxbased os autonomic features.june ibm press released new book autonomic computing mentions nitixnitix one first companies deliver promise autonomic technology complete set intelligent networking solutions smb market.in june nitix virtual server released allowed hosting applications system.
Nitix	architecture application services nitix allowed applications run virtual server environment completely separated controlled os environment.virtual server rpm based filesystem incorporates yellow dog updater modified application retrieval tool.simultaneously net integration technologies began sponsoring ready nitix program encouraged independent software vendors certify applications nitix.also june nitix began support ns scalable services structure allows centralized user management across multiple servers well dns propagation.in march nitixblue released new flavor nitix.nitixblue supports nearly handsfree installation ibm lotus domino touting administrative headaches complete automation maintenance tasks.
Nitix	considered large step small medium businesses previously realistic stepping stone towards enterpriselevel functionality provided ibm lotus domino.in january ibm announced acquire net integration technologies functions separate entity lotus software group.features nitix includes automated installation process installs onto hard disks performs proper partitioning system setup.process also performs network scan determines whether enable dhcp server finds gateway internet access automatically configures firewall.modifications installation process keyboard monitor attached server changes made console.modifications made web interface.the web interface designed access needed configuration modifications cases.

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