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Nitix	interface set users teams file access email collaboration exchangeit antivirus antispam web sites ftp rsync services nfs samba appletalk more.nitix offers multilayer security protection based antivirus technology kaspersky antispam technology vircom engate.nitixs claim fame proprietary intelligent disk backup idb automatically backs files emails databases incrementally often every minutes.backups made hard drive located system rotated provide offsite redundancy.restoring files done individually user entire system webbased interface.u.s. patent no.nitix includes many open source applications provide lot functionality.
Nitix	ibm lotus foundations start january ibm announced intention purchase net integrations technologies.ibm merged products offering known ibm lotus foundations.lotus foundations offered softwareonly application server platform well hardware appliance known net integrator.july ibm officially started offering lotus foundations opposed nitix blue .ibm lotus foundations products withdrawn marketing march longer available purchase.support ibm lotus foundations products withdrawn september .versions nitix discontinued favour ibm lotus foundations start.
Nitix	nitix currently sold distribution channel either softwareonly net integrator.softwareonly versions nitix sb nitix se nitix pe come cd geared towards partners complement third party hardware systems nitix.differences number client access licenses included software assurance prices.nitix also preconfigured hardware systems named micro micro mark mark ii.hardware selection depends number hard drives form factor.
Norton Utilities	distribution nitix discontinued sale distribution channels favor latest lotus foundations start .support active.value added resellers purchase lotus foundations resell end users part complete solution usually involving services custom made applications.references httpsweb.archive.orgwebhttp lotus foundations public websitehttpsweb.archive.orgwebhttp nitix wild open source websitehttpsweb.archive.orgwebhttp crns article nitix ideal smallbusiness server external links httpsweb.archive.orgwebhttp nitix nitixblue os public websitecurrent version norton utilities norton utilities windows xpvista released october .peter norton published first version dos norton utilities release .release came year later subsequent first hard drives ibm pc line.peter nortons company sold symantec known nortonlifelock peter norton longer connection brand company.norton utilities dos windows .version .
Norton Utilities	initial release supported dos .x featured unerase utility.allowed files undeleted restoring first letter directory entry workaround fat file system used dos.unerase utility launched nu path success.quoting peter norton norton utilities become popular software well industry wisdom software becomes standard either providing superior capabilities solving problems previously unsolvable.sat pc write unerase solving common problem readily available solution.
Norton Utilities	programs included three floppy disks list price unerase recovers erased filesfilefix repairs damaged filesdisklook complete floppy disk displays mapssecmod easy changes floppy disksfilehide interactive hidden file controlbathide automatic hidden file controltimemark displays date time elapsed timescratr sets dos work colorsreverse work black whiteclear clears screen clarityfilesort keeps floppy disk files date namediskopt speeds floppy disk accessbeep causes pc speaker beepprint prints files version .main feature dos .x compatible version filefind used searching files.release added hard disk support print program renamed lprint avoid conflict dos command introduced msdos .print.com.following release norton became utilities editor pc magazine.the executable files compressed realias spacemaker.
Norton Utilities	version .version copyrighted dated january included beep directory sort disk test file attributes file find file size line print list directories screen attributes system information text search time mark volume label wipe disk wipe file.version .version added quick unerase qu unremove directory ud programs.version .
Norton Utilities	release .list .added four new programsask used batch file programmingfile info add descriptions characters long filenorton change directory displays graphic directory tree change remove rename make directoriesnorton integrator menu system tie utilities together.previously utilities accessed typing command name usually cryptic character name ff dos prompt.version .
Norton Utilities	advanced edition version list released simultaneously .standard edition dated may .added speed disk disk defragmenter format recover.version .advanced edition norton disk doctor major addition release.it also includes wipedisk wipefile batch enhancer sector level disk editor system information diagnostic utility disk caching program ncache faster microsofts smartdrive properly configured.
Norton Utilities	version .release .added new features including disk editor utility perform low level formatting hard disks changes password protection “dangerous” utilities.also included licensed version dos replacement command.com called ndos.version also allowed choice “classic” names ff.exe longer names findfast.exe configurable updated version norton integrator menu system.
Norton Utilities	version .norton utilities .supports dos windows .. includes windows program manager support tools still dosbased set icons supplied.it includes norton disk doctor disk editor disk tools speed disk norton cache disk monitor diskreet ndisk system information ndos.the speed speed disk improved previous release.diskreet supports data encryption standard.system information includes detailed information installed system.unerase takes advantage dos .s delete tracking mirror file features recover data.however msdos .added new undelete.exe program licensed norton competitor central point software took advantage delete sentry control deletiontracking files.
Norton Utilities	erase command alias del delete command dos command line.windows recycle bin soon reduced need unerase.version .release .supports msdos .
Norton Utilities	doublespace stacker superstor disk compression tools.tools includes norton disk doctor disk editor undelete smartcan ndos system information file find norton change directory.speed disk remained well although speedisk.exe licensed microsoft incorporated msdos defrag.exe msdos .onward.release .revised user interfaces utilities feature menudriven user interface.also tools need run fullscreenmode displayed window center screen like disk formatter disk duplicator utility.disk editor includes advanced recovery mode.version .
Norton Utilities	doswindows .x release .nearly .added windows .utilities.dos utilities include norton disk doctor system information change directory filefind diskreet dupdisk file fix ndos batch enhancer norton integrator speed disk.windows utilities include norton disk doctor speed disk system watch file compare ini tracker ini tuner ini editor ini advisor norton utilities windows later version .windows original windows version released august .as native windows tool supports vfat file system used windows .it includes norton image norton system doctor norton protection rescue disk system information norton disk doctor norton unerase space wizard speed disk system information.
Norton Utilities	dos tools include disk editor disk doctor preinstallation tuneup.cdrom version announced january .adds disk companion memory companion norton utilities companion floppy disk version.disk tools included release compatible fat.the windows version speed disk works much greater speed microsofts supplied defrag program moved groups clusters single clusters microsofts windows disk defragmenter.changes way windows operates meant many old utilities either dropped completely replaced gui based versions.however advent windows xp onwards nortons speed disk reverted singlecluster defragmentation.version .
Norton Utilities	windows version .announced october .version .features norton crashguard antifreeze norton system genie norton antivirus liveupdate system genie registry editor system doctor system benchmark disk benchmark multimedia benchmark speed disk space wizard.disk utilities support fat.a liveupdate fix released norton utilities .windows .version .
Norton Utilities	windows nt .originally called norton utilities .windows nt prerelease announced january .it includes norton disk doctor norton speed disk norton system information norton system doctor norton protectionunerase live update.norton disk doctor speed disk support fat ntfs file systems.it include dos unerase files deleted fat partition needs handled norton utilities windows .version .windows officially announced november norton utilities .
Norton Utilities	first version included norton systemworks includes norton windoctor norton web services liveupdate pro norton crashguard .norton zip rescue norton system doctor norton speedstart norton optimization wizard speed disk.via use liveupdate speed disk patch available take advantage windows application launch enhancements.marketing symantec announced sponsored bugathon usc ucla final development stages latest product release norton utilities .. software began shipping november .version .symantec announced version .
Norton Utilities	february .although windows name dropped products still appears support sites.new additions include windows support norton systemcheck registry doctor scan norton windoctor connection doctor norton wipe info norton crashguard .norton zip rescue norton disk doctor norton unerase sixmonth subscription norton web services .. marketing may symantec offered price reduction rebates norton systemworks .norton utilities ..early order includes net nanny internet filter software.release version .release symantec changed naming scheme incorporate year release.
Norton Utilities	marketed norton utilities final version run solely windows x platform.it includes norton speed disk norton system check norton disk doctor norton zip rescue free month subscription norton web services.release version .announced august edition supports windows windows nt windows .it includes norton speed disk norton optimization wizard norton disk doctor norton windoctor norton system doctor norton system check.disk tools supports usb firewire drives.release version .anticipation major changes norton product lineup new features introduced release.nu introduced windows xp compatibility dropping support windows .utilities include norton speed disk norton system doctor norton unerase norton disk doctor norton windoctor system information wipe info.
Norton Utilities	release next six years norton utilities cease exist standalone product instead becoming part norton systemworks starting .systemworks essentially expanded version norton utilities additional features antivirus protection disk backup tool.release included norton systemworks .release included norton systemworks .it supports windows higher.it includes norton protection speed disk norton optimization wizard norton system doctor unerase wizard norton disk doctor norton windoctor system information wipe info image norton file compare norton registry editor norton registry tracker explorer shell extension.release included norton systemworks .
Norton Utilities	version .revival norton utilities standalone software announced february along discontinuation norton systemworks replaces symantecs flagship pc tuneup suite.this version added bit support windows xp vista.includes registry defragmenter registry cleaners disk cleaner disk defragmenter startup manager service manager restore center system optimizer process viewer performance test.the product license changed allow software installed three household pcs.critical receptions pc pro rated norton utilities star “an overpriced collection optimization tools falls far short promise.reviews called package “light features compared rivals” questioned “usefulness monitoring utilities.pc advisor criticized norton utilities delivering “little cant already windows” although acknowledge brought two things table “the registry tools useful performance monitor interesting always useful.” premier edition symantec released version norton utilities called norton utilities premier edition.
Norton Utilities	features norton utilities plus norton online backup.also compatible windows .released october .version .norton utilities .
Norton Utilities	includes features discontinued norton systemworks.includes norton speed disk norton disk doctor norton unerase registry restore registry defragmenter registry cleaner disk cleaner disk defragmenter startup manager service manager restore center system optimizer process viewer performance test.version also includes new gui.version .norton utilities .
Norton Utilities	includes features norton systemworks.includes application uninstaller norton speed disk norton disk doctor norton unerase registry restore registry defragmenter registry cleaner disk cleaner duplicate file finder disk defragmenter startup manager service manager restore center system optimizer system dashboard process viewer performance test smart updates.new features include duplicate file finder system dashboard application uninstaller windows compatibility.norton utilities macintosh norton utilities macintosh separate utility suite mac os providing much features equivalent windows version.version .originally released requiring mac plus mb system memory.the included disk tools support hfs file system only.
Norton Utilities	support apple hard disk explicitly mentioned.when apple released system norton utilities macintosh needed updated order run safely.proved recurring story history utility early versions highly regarded proved hazardous used newer disk structures operating systems updated.version .originally released .it includes disk editor norton backup macintosh.also added features symantec utilities macintosh ii.
Norton Utilities	version .x .originally released august .supports powerpc speed disk .cause data loss.version .released september correcting problems speed disk version .
Norton Utilities	released october v. added support volumes larger gb tb match system .. disk size limit.this edition bundled new small business macintosh .version .. update .version .. update ..xversion .. update ..x fix mac os .version .announced may v. first version norton utilities macintosh ship cdrom.version supports macs motorola processors g powermacs running mac os ...it includes norton crashguard speed disk norton disk doctor disk editor filesaver unerase volume recover wipe info system info disk light fastfind.norton crashguard replaced norton fastback floppier.update .. released july added mac os support.update .. released november bootable cdrom improves support hfs file system.update .. released january last version support k macs.version .
Norton Utilities	announced september .first time norton utilities run natively powerpc mac computers.version .compatible powerpc macs g running mac os ..
Norton Utilities	adds mac os extended format hfs file system support.features include norton disk doctor file saver unerase volume recover norton crashguard.version .. released october version .. released december version .. released february version .. released june version .announced july v. compatible powerpc g g macs running mac os ...an update available make software compatible mac os .version .. released november released correct issue filesaver issues invisible filesaver data filesversion .. released june addresses early ibook issues disklight version .announced october v. supports powerpc macs running mac os .above.major features include norton filesaver speed disk.version .. released june version .. released october version .. latest .version supports mac os mac os .
Norton Utilities	.. version .version .runs mac os os added mac os x support.mac os x tools run powerpc g mac except beige g. however mac os x tools tested mac os x later .. known incompatible mac os x .panther.features norton disk doctor speed disk filesaver unerase volume recover liveupdate.speed disk run mac os x except booting norton utilities .
Norton Utilities	cd.version .package v. simply labeled norton utilities .called norton utilities macintosh .support pages.all mac os x tools run natively cd still boot mac os .it includes wipe info speed disk volume recover norton filesaver unerase liveupdate... added support mac os x .... added support g model macintosh released december .
Norton Utilities	ghz emac various mac g notebooks.however tools may present errors running mac os x .tiger.end life symantec confirmed stopped developing norton utilities macintosh norton systemworks macintosh concentrate efforts solely internet security products mac.symantec utilities macintosh symantec utilities macintosh sum set system utilities symantec developed symantec acquired peter norton computing.
Norton Utilities	sum started revised version maczap data recovery tools included utilities data recovery disk partitioning disk defragmentation floppy disk duplication among others.later sum tools may shared code norton utilities macintosh.functionality sum ii incorporated norton utilities ..sum v. published required mac ke later system.version also limited support mfsformatted floppy disks.sum ii announced release august included tools data backup data encryption.sum ii v. runs macs system .
Norton Utilities	higher mb memory.one review mentioned easy make use sum iis utilities time file recovery functionality sum ii less automated required manual configuration compared file recovery functionality norton utilities.september version .sum ii would support system announced.norton utilities unix peter norton computing developed unix version norton utilities cooperation segue software interactive systems corp. version norton utilities available interactive systems stopped marketing software.
Norton Utilities	february almondseed software inc. licensed software released almond utilities unix.almondseed software released utilities sco unix sun solaris.historical competitors central point pc tools mactoolsmcafee nuts bolts reviews byte listed norton utilities .dos among distinction winners byte awards stating essential firstaid kit.darian grahamsmith pc pro gave norton utilities overall rating stars.concluded “theres simply good reason pay much flimsy collection tools.”pc world reviewed norton utilities concluded “norton utilities may outlived usefulness.
Norton Utilities	system isnt running fast think uninstalling unnecessary software pruning background applications using windows tools downloadable freebies costeffective first defense.”a pc magazine review gave norton utilities score stars.argued norton utilities lagging behind competition adding “this pc tuneup utility give aged pc new lease life lacks features performance found competing software.”itproportal.com gave norton utilities rating .concluded “norton utilities satisfactory job degunking increasing overall performance test laptop doesn’t stack well rival suite system mechanic .toptenreviews.com gave norton utilities .star rating said “norton utilities good help support features average terms ease use.” controversies january source code hack january symantec admitted network getting hacked.hacker known “yama tough” obtained symantecs source code hacking indian government server.yama tough released parts source code threatened release more.
Norton Utilities	according chris paden symantec spokesman source code taken enterprise products five six years old.september source code hack september eight months first hack affiliate hacker group anonymous published source code norton utilities.symantec responded code leaked january .confirmed leak included source code versions norton utilities pcanywhere norton antivirus.allegations spinrite source code theft june steve gibson alleged weekly podcast security nortons disk doctor created norton instead reverse engineered ubiquitous spinrite software without permission attribution.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	says occurred refused accept peter nortons bid purchase spinrite him.claimed proof random numbers generated bios checking left unchanged disk doctor presumably nortons software engineers didnt know purpose.also norton eventually abandoned disk doctor didnt really understand worked couldnt actually support users.see also pc tools references external links official websitenorton.comnunorton.comsetupzlovealso able provide electronic warfare intelligence surveillance reconnaissance capabilities.lockheed martin prime f contractor principal partners northrop grumman bae systems.aircraft three main variants conventional takeoff landing ctol fa short takeoff verticallanding stovl fb carrierbased cvcatobar fc.the aircraft descends lockheed martin x beat boeing x win joint strike fighter jsf program.development principally funded united states additional funding program partner countries nato close u.s. allies including united kingdom australia canada italy norway denmark netherlands formerly turkey.several countries ordered considering ordering aircraft.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	program drawn much scrutiny criticism unprecedented size complexity ballooning costs muchdelayed deliveries numerous technical flaws still corrected.acquisition strategy concurrent production aircraft still development testing led expensive design changes retrofits.the fb entered service u.s. marine corps july followed u.s. air force fa august u.s. navy fc february .f first used combat israeli air force.u.s. plans buy fs represent bulk crewed tactical airpower u.s. air force navy marine corps several decades.aircraft projected operate .
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	development program origins f product joint strike fighter jsf program merger various combat aircraft programs s. one progenitor program defense advanced research projects agency darpa advanced short takeoffvertical landing astovl ran astovl aimed develop harrier jump jet replacement u.s. marine corps usmc u.k. royal navy.one astovls classified programs supersonic stovl fighter ssf lockheed skunk works conducted research stealthy supersonic stovl fighter intended u.s. air force usaf usmc key technology explored shaftdriven lift fan sdlf system.lockheeds concept singleengine canard delta aircraft weighing lb kg empty.astovl rechristened common affordable lightweight fighter calf involved lockheed mcdonnell douglas boeing.in joint advanced strike technology jast program emerged following cancellation usafs multirole fighter mrf u.s. navys usn advanced fighterattack afx programs.mrf program relatively affordable f replacement scaled back delayed due post–cold war defense posture easing f fleet usage thus extending service life well increasing budget pressure f program.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	afx initially known advancedattack ax began usns followon advanced tactical aircraft ata program replacement atas resulting avenger ii canceled due technical problems cost overruns .year termination naval advanced tactical fighter natf offshoot usafs advanced tactical fighter atf program replace f resulted additional fighter capability added ax renamed afx.amid increased budget pressure department defenses dod bottomup review bur september announced mrfs afxs cancellations applicable experience brought emerging jast program.jast meant develop new aircraft rather develop requirements maturing technologies demonstrating concepts advanced strike warfare.as jast progressed need concept demonstrator aircraft emerged would coincide fullscale flight demonstrator phase astovlcalf.astovlcalf concept appeared align jast charter two programs eventually merged jast name program serving usaf usmc usn.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	jast subsequently renamed joint strike fighter jsf stovl submissions mcdonnell douglas northrop grumman lockheed martin boeing.jsf expected eventually replace large numbers multirole strike fighters inventories us allies including harrier f fa f.international participation key aspect jsf program starting united kingdom participation astovl program.many international partners requiring modernization air forces interested jsf.united kingdom joined jastjsf founding member thus became tier partner jsf program italy netherlands denmark norway canada australia turkey joined program concept demonstration phase cdp italy netherlands tier partners rest tier .consequently aircraft developed cooperation international partners available export.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	jsf competition boeing lockheed martin selected early cdp concept demonstrator aircraft designated x x respectively mcdonnell douglas team eliminated northrop grumman british aerospace joined lockheed martin team.firm would produce two prototype air vehicles demonstrate conventional takeoff landing ctol carrier takeoff landing cv stovl.lockheed martins design would make use work sdlf system conducted astovlcalf program.key aspect x enabled stovl operation sdlf system consists lift fan forward center fuselage could activated engaging clutch connects driveshaft turbines thus augmenting thrust engines swivel nozzle.research prior aircraft incorporating similar systems convair model rockwell xfv yakovlev yak also taken consideration.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	contrast boeings x employed direct lift system augmented turbofan would reconfigured engaging stovl operation.lockheed martins commonality strategy replace stovl variants sdlf fuel tank aft swivel nozzle twodimensional thrust vectoring nozzle ctol variant.would enable identical aerodynamic configuration stovl ctol variants cv variant would enlarged wing order reduce landing speed carrier recovery.due aerodynamic characteristics carrier recovery requirements jast merger design configuration settled conventional tail compared canard delta design astovlcalf notably conventional tail configuration offers much lower risk carrier recovery compared astovlcalf canard configuration designed without carrier compatibility mind.enabled greater commonality three variants commonality goal important design stage.lockheed martins prototypes would consist xa demonstrating ctol converting xb stovl demonstration largerwinged xc cv compatibility demonstration.the xa first flew october conducted flight tests subsonic supersonic flying qualities handling range maneuver performance.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	flights aircraft converted xb stovl testing key changes including addition sdlf threebearing swivel module bsm rollcontrol ducts.xb would successfully demonstrate sdlf system performing stable hover vertical landing short takeoff less ft m. xc first flew december conducted field landing carrier practice tests.on october lockheed martin declared winner awarded system development demonstration sdd contract pratt whitney separately awarded development contract f engine jsf.f designation sequence standard dod numbering allegedly determined spot program manager major general mike hough came surprise even lockheed martin expected f designation jsf.design production jsf program moved system development demonstration phase x demonstrator design modified create f combat aircraft.forward fuselage lengthened inches cm make room mission avionics horizontal stabilizers moved inches .
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	cm aft retain balance control.diverterless supersonic inlet changed foursided threesided cowl shape moved inches cm aft.fuselage section fuller top surface raised inch .cm along centerline accommodate weapons bays.following designation x prototypes three variants designated fa ctol fb stovl fc cv.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	prime contractor lockheed martin performs overall systems integration final assembly checkout faco northrop grumman bae systems supply components mission systems airframe.adding systems fighter aircraft added weight.fb gained largely due decision enlarge weapons bays commonality variants total weight growth reportedly pounds kg causing stovl key performance parameter kpp thresholds missed.december stovl weight attack team swat formed reduce weight increase changes included engine thrust thinned airframe members smaller weapons bays vertical stabilizers less thrust fed rollpost outlets redesigning wingmate joint electrical elements airframe immediately aft cockpit.many changes swat effort applied three variants commonality.september efforts reduced fbs weight pounds kg fa fc reduced weight pounds kg pounds kg respectively.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	weight reduction work cost .billion caused month delay.the first fa designated aa rolled fort worth texas february first flew december .f given name lightning ii lockheed p lightning world war ii.usaf pilots nicknamed aircraft panther instead.the aircrafts software developed six releases blocks sdd.first two blocks b readied f initial pilot training multilevel security.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	block improved training capabilities b first combatready release planned usmcs initial operating capability ioc.block retains capabilities b new hardware planned usafs ioc.final release sdd block f would full flight envelope baseline combat capabilities.alongside software releases block also incorporates avionics hardware updates air vehicle improvements flight structural testing.known concurrency low rate initial production lrip aircraft lots would delivered early block configurations eventually upgraded block f development complete.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	flight test hours final flight sdd phase completed april .like f f targeted cyberattacks technology theft efforts well potential vulnerabilities integrity supply chain.testing found several major problems early fb airframes premature cracking fc arrestor hook design unreliable fuel tanks vulnerable lightning strikes helmet display problems more.software repeatedly delayed due unprecedented scope complexity.dod joint estimate team jet estimated program months behind public schedule.program rebaselined cost schedule goals changed pushing ioc planned july .
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	decision simultaneously test fix defects begin production criticized inefficient secretary defense acquisition frank kendall called acquisition malpractice.three variants shared parts far anticipated commonality .program received considerable criticism cost overruns total projected lifetime cost well quality management shortcomings contractors.the jsf program expected cost billion acquisition baseyear dollars sdd awarded .early government accountability office gao identified major program risks cost schedule.costly delays strained relationship pentagon contractors.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	delays cost overruns pushed f programs expected acquisition costs .billion total lifetime cost i.e..trillion thenyear dollars also includes operations maintenance.unit cost lrip lot fa .
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	million.delays development operational test evaluation pushed fullrate production .upgrades development first combatcapable block b configuration basic airtoair strike capabilities declared ready usmc july .block f configuration began operational test evaluation ote december completion conclude sdd.f program also conducting sustainment upgrade development early lrip aircraft gradually upgraded baseline block f standard .the f expected continually upgraded lifetime.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	first upgrade program called continuous capability development delivery cd began currently planned run .nearterm development priority cd block would integrate additional weapons including unique international customers refresh avionics improve esm capabilities add remotely operated video enhanced receiver rover support.cd also places greater emphasis agile software development enable quicker releases.air force life cycle management center aflcmc awarded contracts general electric pratt whitney develop powerful efficient adaptive cycle engines potential application f leveraging research done adaptive engine transition program aetp f adaptive engine replacement faer program launched integrate adaptive cycle engines aircraft .defense contractors offered upgrades f outside official program contracts.northrop grumman disclosed development directional infrared countermeasures suite named threat nullification defensive resource thndr.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	countermeasure system would share space distributed aperture system das sensors acts laser missile jammer protect infraredhoming missiles.israel wants access core avionics include equipment.procurement international participation united states primary customer financial backer planned procurement fas usaf fbs fcs usmc fcs usn.additionally united kingdom italy netherlands turkey australia norway denmark canada agreed contribute us.billion towards development costs united kingdom contributing planned development costs sole tier partner.initial plan u.s. eight major partner nations would acquire fs .
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	three tiers international participation generally reflect financial stake program amount technology transfer subcontracts open bid national companies order countries obtain production aircraft.alongside program partner countries israel singapore joined security cooperative participants scp.sales scp nonpartner nations including belgium japan south korea made pentagons foreign military sales program.turkey removed f program july security concerns.in december japan announced intention purchase fs replace f phantom ii assembled domestically deliveries beginning .due delays development testing many initial orders postponed.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	italy reduced order fs .australia decided buy faf super hornet eag growler interim measures.on april auditor general canada published report outlining problems canadas f procurement report states government knowingly understated final cost fs billion.following federal election canadian government liberal party decided proceed solesourced purchase launched competition choose aircraft.in january singapore announced plan buy small number fs evaluation capabilities suitability deciding replace f fleet.may poland announced plans buy fas replace sovietera jets contract signed january .june swiss government decided propose parliament buy fas .
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	billion.swiss antimilitary group gsoa supported greens social democrats intends contest purchase peoples initiative would constitutionally prohibit deal.december finland announced decision buy fas.design overview f family singleengine supersonic stealth multirole fighters.second fifth generation fighter enter us service first operational supersonic stovl stealth fighter f emphasizes low observables advanced avionics sensor fusion enable high level situational awareness long range lethality usaf considers aircraft primary strike fighter conducting suppression enemy air defense sead missions owing advanced sensors mission systems.the f wingtail configuration two vertical stabilizers canted stealth.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	flight control surfaces include leadingedge flaps flaperons rudders allmoving horizontal tails stabilators leading edge root extensions also run forwards inlets.relatively short foot wingspan fa fb set requirement fit inside usn amphibious assault ship parking areas elevators fcs larger wing fuel efficient.fixed diverterless supersonic inlets dsi use bumped compression surface forwardswept cowl shed boundary layer forebody away inlets form yduct engine.structurally f drew upon lessons f composites comprise airframe weight majority bismaleimide composite epoxy materials well carbon nanotubereinforced epoxy later production lots.f considerably heavier lightweight fighters replaces lightest variant empty weight lb kg much weight attributed internal weapons bays extensive avionics carried.while lacking raw performance larger twinengine f f kinematics competitive fourth generation fighters f fa especially ordnance mounted fs internal weapons carriage eliminates parasitic drag external stores.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	variants top speed mach .attainable full internal payload.powerful f engine gives good subsonic acceleration energy supersonic dash afterburner.large stabilitors leading edge extensions flaps canted rudders provide excellent high alpha angleofattack characteristics trimmed alpha °.relaxed stability flybywire controls provide excellent handling qualities departure resistance.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	double fs internal fuel f considerably greater combat radius stealth also enables efficient mission flight profile.sensors avionics fs mission systems among complex aspects aircraft.avionics sensor fusion designed enhance pilots situational awareness command control capabilities facilitate networkcentric warfare.key sensors include northrop grumman anapg active electronically scanned array aesa radar bae systems anasq barracuda electronic warfare system northrop grummanraytheon anaaq distributed aperture system das lockheed martin anaaq electrooptical targeting system eots northrop grumman anasq communications navigation identification cni suite.f designed sensor intercommunication provide cohesive image local battlespace availability possible use combination one another example apg radar also acts part electronic warfare system.much fs software developed c c programming languages ada code f also used block f software .
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	million lines code.green hills software integrity dob realtime operating system rtos runs integrated core processors icps data networking includes ieee b fibre channel buses.enable fleet software upgrades softwaredefined radio systems greater upgrade flexibility affordability avionics leverage commercial offtheshelf cots components practical.mission systems software particularly sensor fusion one programs difficult parts responsible substantial program delays.the apg radar uses electronic scanning rapid beam agility incorporates passive active airtoair modes strike modes synthetic aperture radar sar capability multiple target trackwhilescan ranges excess nmi km.antenna tilted backwards stealth.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	complementing radar aaq das consists six infrared sensors provide allaspect missile launch warning target tracking das acts situational awareness infrared searchandtrack sairst gives pilot spherical infrared nightvision imagery helmet visor.asq barracuda electronic warfare system ten radio frequency antennas embedded edges wing tail allaspect radar warning receiver rwr.also provides sensor fusion radio frequency infrared tracking functions geolocation threat targeting multispectral image countermeasures selfdefense missiles.electronic warfare system capable detecting jamming hostile radars.aaq eots mounted internally behind faceted lowobservable window nose performs laser targeting forwardlooking infrared flir long range irst functions.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	asq cni suite uses half dozen different physical links including multifunction advanced data link madl covert cni functions.sensor fusion information radio frequency receivers infrared sensors combined form single tactical picture pilot.allaspect target direction identification shared via madl platforms without compromising low observability link present communication legacy systems.the f designed outset incorporate improved processors sensors software enhancements lifespan.technology refresh includes new core processor new cockpit display planned lot aircraft.lockheed martin offered advanced eots block configuration improved sensor fits area baseline eots minimal changes.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	june lockheed martin picked raytheon improved das.usaf studied potential f orchestrate attacks unmanned combat aerial vehicles ucavs via sensors communications equipment.stealth signatures stealth key aspect fs design radar crosssection rcs minimized careful shaping airframe use radarabsorbent materials ram visible measures reduce rcs include alignment edges serration skin panels masking engine face turbine.additionally fs diverterless supersonic inlet dsi uses compression bump forwardswept cowl rather splitter gap bleed system divert boundary layer away inlet duct eliminating diverter cavity reducing radar signature.rcs f characterized lower metal golf ball certain frequencies angles conditions f compares favorably f stealth.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	maintainability fs stealth design took lessons learned prior stealth aircraft f fs radarabsorbent fibermat skin durable requires less maintenance older topcoats.aircraft also reduced infrared visual signatures well strict controls radio frequency emitters prevent detection.fs stealth design primarily focused highfrequency xband wavelengths lowfrequency radars spot stealthy aircraft due rayleigh scattering radars also conspicuous susceptible clutter lack precision.disguise rcs aircraft mount four luneburg lens reflectors.noise f caused concerns residential areas near potential bases aircraft residents near two bases—luke air force base arizona eglin air force base afb florida—requested environmental impact studies respectively.although noise level decibels comparable prior fighters f sound power f stronger particularly lower frequencies.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	subsequent surveys studies indicated noise f perceptibly different f faef though greater lowfrequency noise noticeable observers.cockpit glass cockpit designed give pilot good situational awareness.main display inch cm panoramic touchscreen shows flight instruments stores management cni information integrated caution warnings pilot customize arrangement information.main display smaller standby display.cockpit speechrecognition system developed adacel.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	f headup display instead flight combat information displayed visor pilots helmet helmetmounted display system hmds.onepiece tinted canopy hinged front internal frame structural strength.martinbaker use ejection seat launched twincatapult system housed side rails.righthand side stick throttle handson throttleandstick system.life support onboard oxygengeneration system obogs fitted powered integrated power package ipp auxiliary oxygen bottle backup oxygen system emergencies.the vision systems international helmet display key piece fs humanmachine interface.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	instead headup display mounted atop dashboard earlier fighters hmds puts flight combat information helmet visor allowing pilot see matter way facing.infrared night vision imagery distributed aperture system displayed directly hmds enables pilot see aircraft.hmds allows f pilot fire missiles targets even nose aircraft pointing elsewhere cuing missile seekers high angles offboresight.helmet costs .hmds weighs traditional helmets concern endanger lightweight pilots ejection.due hmdss vibration jitter nightvision sensor display problems development lockheed martin elbit issued draft specification alternative hmds based anavs night vision goggles backup bae systems chosen later year.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	cockpit redesign would needed adopt alternative hmds.following progress baseline helmet development alternative hmds halted october .gen helmet improved night vision camera new liquid crystal displays automated alignment software enhancements introduced lrip lot .armament preserve stealth shaping f two internal weapons bays four weapons stations.two outboard weapon stations carry ordnance lb kg lb kg fb two inboard stations carry airtoair missiles.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	airtosurface weapons outboard station include joint direct attack munition jdam paveway series bombs joint standoff weapon jsow cluster munitions wind corrected munitions dispenser.station also carry multiple smaller munitions gbu small diameter bombs sdb gbub sdb ii spear antitank missiles four sdbs carried per station fa fc three fb.inboard station carry aim amraam.two compartments behind weapons bays contain flares chaff towed decoys.the aircraft use six external weapons stations missions require stealth.wingtip pylons carry aimx aim asraam canted outwards reduce radar crosssection.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	additionally wing lb kg inboard station lb kg middle station lb kg fb.external wing stations carry large airtosurface weapons would fit inside weapons bays agm joint air surface standoff missile jassm cruise missile.airtoair missile load eight aims two aims possible using internal external weapons stations configuration six lb kg bombs two aims two aims also arranged.fa armed mm gaua rotary cannon mounted internally near left wing root rounds carried gun effective ground targets mm cannon carried usaf fighters.fb fc internal gun instead use terma multimission pod mmp carrying gaua rounds pod mounted centerline aircraft shaped reduce radar crosssection.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	lieu gun pod also used different equipment purposes electronic warfare aerial reconnaissance rearfacing tactical radar.lockheed martin developing weapon rack called sidekick would enable internal outboard station carry two aims thus increasing internal airtoair payload six missiles currently offered block .block also rearranged hydraulic line bracket allow fb carry four sdbs per internal outboard station integration mbda meteor also planned.usaf usn planning integrate agmg aargmer internally fa fc.norway australia funding adaptation naval strike missile nsm f designated joint strike missile jsm two missiles carried internally additional four externally.nuclear weapons delivery via internal carriage b nuclear bomb planned block b .
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	hypersonic missiles direct energy weapons solidstate laser currently considered future upgrades.lockheed martin studying integrating fiber laser uses spectral beam combining multiple individual laser modules single highpower beam scaled various levels.the usaf plans fa take close air support cas mission contested environments amid criticism well suited dedicated attack platform usaf chief staff mark welsh placed focus weapons cas sorties including guided rockets fragmentation rockets shatter individual projectiles impact compact ammunition higher capacity gun pods.fragmentary rocket warheads create greater effects cannon shells rocket creates thousandround burst delivering projectiles strafing run.engine singleengine aircraft powered pratt whitney f lowbypass augmented turbofan rated thrust lbf kn.derived pratt whitney f used f f larger fan higher bypass ratio increase subsonic fuel efficiency unlike f optimized supercruise.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	engine contributes fs stealth lowobservable augmenter afterburner incorporates fuel injectors thick curved vanes vanes covered ceramic radarabsorbent materials mask turbine.stealthy augmenter problems pressure pulsations screech low altitude high speed early development.lowobservable axisymmetric nozzle consists partially overlapping flaps create sawtooth pattern trailing edge reduces radar signature creates shed vortices reduce infrared signature exhaust plume.due engines large dimensions usn modify underway replenishment system facilitate atsea logistics support.fs integrated power package ipp performs power thermal management integrates environment control auxiliary power unit engine starting functions single system.the fpw variant fb incorporates sdlf allow stovl operations.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	designed lockheed martin developed rollsroyce sdlf also known rollsroyce liftsystem consists lift fan drive shaft two roll posts threebearing swivel module bsm.thrust vectoring bsm nozzle allows main engine exhaust deflected downward tail aircraft moved fueldraulic actuator uses pressurized fuel working fluid.unlike harriers pegasus engine entirely uses direct engine thrust lift fbs system augments swivel nozzles thrust lift fan fan powered lowpressure turbine drive shaft engaged clutch placed near front aircraft provide counterbalancing thrust.roll control slow flight achieved diverting unheated engine bypass air wingmounted thrust nozzles called roll posts.an alternative engine general electricrollsroyce f developed originally f engines lot onward competitively tendered.using technology general electric yf f claimed greater temperature margin f. f canceled december due lack funding.the f expected receive propulsion upgrades lifecycle order adapt emerging threats enable additional capabilities.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	adaptive engine transition program aetp launched develop test adaptive cycle engines one major potential application reengining f ge pw awarded contracts develop lbf kn thrust class demonstrators designations xa xa respectively.addition potential reengining pw also plans improve baseline f pw announced f growth option ..growth option .dropin power module upgrade offered – thrust improvement – fuel burn reduction growth option .
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	would adaptive cycle xa.pw shifted f upgrade plan growth options series engine enhancement packages along additional capabilities xa became separate cleansheet design.capability packages planned incorporated twoyear increments starting mids.maintenance logistics f designed require less maintenance earlier stealth aircraft.fieldreplaceable parts one deep—that nothing else need removed reach desired part instance ejection seat replaced without removing canopy.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	f fibermat radarabsorbent material ram baked skin durable easier work faster cure older ram coatings similar coatings currently considered application older stealth aircraft f. skin corrosion f led fs designers use less galvanic corrosioninducing skin gap filler use fewer gaps airframe skin needing filler better drainage.flight control system uses electrohydrostatic actuators rather traditional hydraulic systems controls powered lithiumion batteries case emergency.commonality different variants allowed usmc create first aircraft maintenance field training detachment apply usafs lessons f operations.the f intended supported computerized maintenance management system named autonomic logistics information system alis.concept aircraft serviced f maintenance facility parts globally tracked shared needed.due numerous problems unreliable diagnoses excessive connectivity requirements security vulnerabilities program officials plan replace alis cloudbased operational data integrated network odin .odin base kits obks— obks new computer hardware replace aliss standard operating unit unclassified souu server hardware.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	beginning september obks running alis software well odin software first marine corps air station mcas yuma arizona naval air station lemoore california support strike fighter squadron vfa july nellis air force base nevada support nd test evaluation squadron tes august .dozen obk server installation sites replace alis souu servers able run legacy alis software well replacement odin software.performance obk doubled far compared alis.operational history testing first fa aa conducted engine run september first flew december .unlike subsequent aircraft aa weight optimization swat consequently mainly tested subsystems common subsequent aircraft propulsion electrical system cockpit displays.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	aircraft retired flight testing december used livefire testing nas china lake.the first fb bf flew june first weightoptimized fa fc af cf flew november june respectively.fbs first hover march followed first vertical landing next day.f integrated test force itf consisted aircraft edwards air force base naval air station patuxent river.nine aircraft edwards five fas three fbs one fc performed flight sciences testing fa envelope expansion flight loads stores separation well mission systems testing.nine aircraft patuxent river five fbs four fcs responsible fb c envelope expansion stovl cv suitability testing.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	additional carrier suitability testing conducted naval air warfare center aircraft division lakehurst new jersey.two nonflying aircraft variant used test static loads fatigue.testing avionics mission systems modified boeing duplication cockpit lockheed martin catbird used.field testing fs sensors conducted exercise northern edge serving significant riskreduction steps.flight tests revealed several serious deficiencies required costly redesigns caused delays resulted several fleetwide groundings.fc failed catch arresting wire eight landing tests redesigned tail hook delivered two years later.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	june many initial flight test targets accomplished program behind schedule.software mission systems among biggest sources delays program sensor fusion proving especially challenging.fatigue testing fb suffered several premature cracks requiring redesign structure.third nonflying fb currently planned test redesigned structure.fb c also problems horizontal tails suffering heat damage prolonged afterburner use.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	early flight control laws problems wing drop also made airplane sluggish high anglesofattack tests f showing lack energy.atsea testing fb first conducted aboard uss wasp.october two fbs conducted three weeks initial sea trials called development test i. second fb sea trials development test ii began august tests including nighttime operations two aircraft completed nighttime vertical landings using das imagery.first operational testing involving six fbs done wasp may .final development test iii uss america involving operations high sea states completed late .royal navy f conducted first rolling landing board hms queen elizabeth october .after redesigned tail hook arrived fcs carrierbased development test began november aboard uss nimitz focused basic day carrier operations establishing launch recovery handling procedures.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	development test ii focused night operations weapons loading full power launches took place october .final development test iii completed august included tests asymmetric loads certifying systems landing qualifications interoperability.operational test fc began .the fs reliability availability fallen short requirements especially early years testing.alis maintenance logistics system plagued excessive connectivity requirements faulty diagnoses.late gao reported time needed repair f part averaged days twice programs objective shortage spare parts degrading readiness.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	individual f units achieved missioncapable rates target short periods deployed operations fleetwide rates remained target.fleet availability goal also met although trend shows improvement.gun accuracy fa remains unacceptable.number programs serious issues decreased half.operational test evaluation ote block f final configuration sdd began december .united states fa fb cleared basic flight training early .
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	however lack system maturity time led concerns safety well concerns director operational test evaluation dote electronic warfare testing budget concurrency operational test evaluation master plan.nevertheless september usaf began operational utility evaluation oue fa including logistical support maintenance personnel training pilot execution.oue flights began october completed november flights pilot completed six flights.november usmc received first fb mcas yuma although marine pilots several flight restrictions.low rate initial production lrip phase three u.s. military services jointly developed tactics procedures using flight simulators testing effectiveness discovering problems refining design.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	january training began eglin afb capacity pilots maintainers once.january raf lakenheath uk chosen first base europe station two usaf f squadrons aircraft adding th fighter wings existing fc fe squadrons.the usmc declared initial operational capability ioc fb block b configuration july operational trials.however limitations remained night operations communications software weapons carriage capabilities.usmc fbs participated first red flag exercise july sorties conducted.usaf fa block configuration achieved ioc usafs th fighter squadron hill air force base utah august .
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	usn achieved operational status fc block f february .usaf fas conducted first red flag exercise system maturity improved aircraft scored kill ratio f aggressor squadron highthreat environment.the fs operating cost higher older fighters.fiscal year fas cost per flight hour cpfh number reduced .comparison cpfh fc fc .lockheed martin hopes reduce performancebased logistics measures.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	usmc plans disperse fbs among forwarddeployed bases enhance survivability remaining close battlespace similar raf harrier deployment cold war relied use offbase locations offered short runways shelter concealment.known distributed stovl operations dso fbs would operate temporary bases allied territory within range hostile missiles move temporary locations inside enemys hour targeting cycle strategy accounts fbs short range shortest three variants mobile forward arming refueling points mfarps accommodating kc mv osprey aircraft rearm refuel jets well littoral areas sea links mobile distribution sites.mfarps based small airfields multilane roads damaged main bases fbs return reararea friendly bases ships scheduled maintenance.helicopterportable metal planking needed protect unprepared roads fbs exhaust usmc studying lighter heatresistant options.the first u.s. combat employment began july usmc fbs amphibious assault ship uss essex first combat strike september taliban target afghanistan.followed usaf deployment al dhafra air base uae april .
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	april usaf fas first used combat airstrike islamic state tunnel network northern iraq.on august fc embarked maiden deployment board uss carl vinson another aircraft making debut deployment cmv osprey.united kingdom united kingdoms royal air force royal navy operate fb known simply lightning british service replaced harrier gr retired tornado gr retired .f britains primary strike aircraft next three decades.one royal navys requirements fb shipborne rolling vertical landing srvl mode increase maximum landing weight using wing lift landing.july chief air staff air chief marshal sir stephen dalton announced no.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	dambusters squadron would rafs first operational f squadron.second operational squadron fleet air arms naval air squadron stand april later.no.reserve test evaluation squadron tes stoodup april operational evaluation unit lightning becoming first british squadron operate type.june raf received three fs order initially based eglin air force base.june fb undertook first launches skijump nas patuxent river.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	operating sea british fbs use skijumps fitted flight decks aircraft carriers hms queen elizabeth r hms prince wales r. italian navy use process.british fbs intended receive brimstone missile.july announced second ukbased raf squadron would no.squadron reformed august lightning operational conversion unit.no.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	squadron reformed april ceremony washington d.c. us becoming first raf frontline squadron operate type receiving first four fbs june flying mcas beaufort raf marham.no.squadron fs declared combat ready january .in april no.squadron deployed raf akrotiri cyprus types first overseas deployment.june first combat use raf fb reportedly undertaken armed reconnaissance flights searching islamic state targets iraq syria.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	october dambusters no.tes fs embarked hms queen elizabeth first time.no.squadron departed raf marham january first exercise red flag lightning.australia australia’s first f designated manufactured flight training provided international pilot training centre ptc luke air force base arizona.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	first two fs unveiled australian public march avalon airshow.royal australian air force accepted fa aircraft nine us operating squadron operational conversion unit raaf base williamtown.trained raaf pilots trained technicians maintenance fleet declared ready deploy operations.expected australia receive fs .israel israeli air force iaf declared f operationally capable december .
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	according kuwaiti newspaper al jarida july test mission least three iaf fs flew irans capital tehran back tel aviv.publicly unconfirmed regional leaders acted report irans supreme leader ali khamenei reportedly fired air force chief commander irans revolutionary guard corps mission.on may iaf chief amikam norkin said service employed fis two attacks two battle fronts marking first combat operation f country.norkin said flown middle east showed photos fi flying beirut daylight.july israel expanded strikes iranian missile shipments iaf fis allegedly struck iranian targets iraq twice.in november iaf announced delivery fi testbed aircraft amongst delivery four aircraft received august.example used test integrate israeliproduced weapons electronic systems future fs received.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	example testbed f delivered air force outside united states.on may eight iaf fis took part attack terrorist targets hamas rocket array including launch pits northern gaza strip part operation guardian walls.italy italys fas declared reached initial operational capability ioc november .time italy taken delivery fas one fb fas one fb stationed u.s. training remaining fas stationed amendola.norway november norway declared initial operational capability ioc fleet fas planned fas.january norways fas replaced fs nato quick reaction alert mission high north.
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II	netherlands december netherlands declared initial operational capability ioc fleet fas received date order fas.variants f designed three initial variants fa ctol landbased version fb stovl version capable use either land aircraft carriers fc catobar carrierbased version.since work design nationally specific versions israel canada well initial concept design work updated version fa would become fd.fa fa conventional takeoff landing ctol variant intended usaf air forces.smallest lightest version capable g highest variants.although fa currently conducts aerial refueling via boom receptacle method aircraft modified probeanddrogue refueling needed customer.

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