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Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
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drag chute pod installed fa royal norwegian air force first operator adopt it.fb fb short takeoff vertical landing stovl variant aircraft.similar size variant b sacrifices third variants fuel volume accommodate sdlf.variant limited g. unlike variants fb landing hook.stovlhook control instead engages conversion normal vertical flight.
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Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
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fb also perform vertical andor short takeoff landing vstol.fc fc variant designed catapultassisted takeoff arrested recovery operations aircraft carriers.compared fa fc features larger wings foldable wingtip sections larger control surfaces improved lowspeed control stronger landing gear stresses carrier arrested landings twinwheel nose gear stronger tailhook use carrier arrestor cables.larger wing area allows decreased landing speed increasing range payload.fc limited .
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Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
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g. fi adir fi adir hebrew אדיר meaning awesome mighty one fa unique israeli modifications.us initially refused allow changes permitting israel integrate electronic warfare systems including sensors countermeasures.main computer plugandplay function addon systems proposals include external jamming pod new israeli airtoair missiles guided bombs internal weapon bays.senior iaf official said fs stealth may partly overcome within years despite year service life thus israels insistence using electronic warfare systems.israel aerospace industries iai considered twoseat f concept iai executive noted known demand two seats israel air forces.
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Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
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iai plans produce conformal fuel tanks.proposed variants fd study possible upgrade fa fielded target date usafs future operating concept.cf canadian cf proposed variant would differ fa addition drogue parachute may include fbcstyle refueling probe.revealed cf would employ boom refueling system fa.one alternative proposal would adoption fc probe refueling lower landing speed however parliamentary budget officers report cited fcs limited performance payload high price pay.
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Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
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following federal election liberal party whose campaign included pledge cancel f procurement formed new government commenced open competition replace existing cf hornet.new export variant december reported lockheed martin developing new variant unspecified foreign customer.department defense released us million funding work.operators australiaroyal australian air force – fa delivered november ordered.belgiumbelgian air component – fa planned.
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Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
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denmarkroyal danish air force – fa delivered planned.finlandfinnish air force – fa block selected via hx fighter program replace current fa hornets.fas order.israelisraeli air force – delivered september fi adir.includes one f testbed aircraft indigenous israeli weapons electronics structural upgrades designated as.
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Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
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total ordered planned.italyitalian air force – fas delivered may .fb delivered october point italy planned order fas fbs italian air force.italian navy – delivered october .fbs planned italian navy.japanjapan air selfdefense force – fas operational december total order including fbs.
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Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
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netherlandsroyal netherlands air force – fas delivered operational ordered norwayroyal norwegian air force – fas delivered operational norway based us training august th fas planned total.differ fa addition drogue parachute.polandpolish air force – fas order.option additional .south korearepublic korea air force – fa delivered january order.republic korea navy – fbs planned singaporerepublic singapore air force – four fbs ordered option order eight march .
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Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
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united kingdomroyal air force royal navy owned raf jointly operated – fbs received uk loss one aircraft november three us used testing training.foc fighters training aircraft fasttracked total ordered total fbs planned ordered.united statesunited states air force – fas plannedunited states marine corps – fbs fcs plannedunited states navy – fcs planned order approval cancellations turkeyturkish air force – four fas delivered luke air force base training july .ordered total planned.future purchases banned u.s. contracts canceled early .
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Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
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four fa withheld luke air force base sent turkey.accidents notable incidents june fas engine caught fire eglin afb.pilot escaped unharmed aircraft sustained estimated us million damage.accident caused flights halted july.fleet returned flight july flight envelope restrictions.
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Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
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june usaf air education training command aetc issued official report blamed failure third stage rotor engines fan module pieces cut fan case upper fuselage.pratt whitney applied extended rubin increase gap second stator third rotor integral arm seal well design alterations pretrench stator early .on september first crash occurred involving usmc fb near marine corps air station beaufort south carolina pilot ejected safely.crash attributed faulty fuel tube fs grounded october pending fleetwide inspection tubes.next day usaf usn fs returned flight status following inspection.on april jasdf fa attached misawa air base disappeared radar miles km east aomori prefecture training mission pacific ocean.pilot major akinori hosomi radioed intention abort drill disappearing.
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Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
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us japanese navies searched missing aircraft pilot finding debris water confirmed crash hosomis remains recovered june.response japan grounded fas.speculation china russia might attempt salvage japanese defense ministry announced reported activities either country.f reportedly send distress signal pilot attempt recovery maneuvers descended rapid rate.accident report attributed cause pilots spatial disorientation.on may usaf fa th fighter squadron crashed landing eglin afb.
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Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
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pilot ejected stable condition.accident attributed combination pilot error induced fatigue design issue oxygen system aircrafts complex nature distracting well malfunctioning headmounted display unresponsive flight control system.on september usmc fb crashed imperial county california colliding marine corps kc airtoair refuelling.fb pilot injured ejection kc crashlanded gear field.on november royal air force fb crashed routine operations mediterranean.pilot safely recovered hms queen elizabeth.early reports suggested covers engine blanks removed takeoff.
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Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
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wreckage including security sensitive equipment largely recovered assistance u.s. italian forces.on january south korean air force fa made belly landing systems failed except flight controls engine.pilot heard series bangs low altitude flight various systems stopped working.control tower suggested pilot eject managed land plane without deploying landing gear walking away uninjured.on january usn fc vfa suffered ramp strike landing uss carl vinson cvn lost overboard south china sea injuring seven crew members.pilot ejected safely recovered water.plans recover fighter underway.
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Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
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specifications fa data lockheed martin f specifications lockheed martin f weaponry lockheed martin f program status f program brief fy select acquisition report sar director operational test evaluationgeneral characteristicscrew length .ft .mwingspan ft mheight .ft .mwing area sq ft maspect ratio .empty weight lb kggross weight lb kgmax takeoff weight lb kgfuel capacity lb kg internalpowerplant × pratt whitney fpw afterburning turbofan lbf kn thrust dry lbf kn afterburnerperformancemaximum speed mach .
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Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
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altituderange nmi mi kmcombat range nmi mi km internal fuel nmi mi km interdiction mission internal fuel internal air air configurationservice ceiling ft mg limits .wing loading .lbsq ft kgm gross weightthrustweight .gross weight .loaded weight internal fuelarmamentguns × mm .gaua barrel rotary cannon roundshardpoints × internal stations × external stations wings capacity pounds kg internal pounds kg external pounds kg total weapons payload provisions carry combinations ofmissiles airtoair missilesaim amraamaimx sidewinderaim asraammbda meteor block fb airtosurface missilesagmg aargmer block agm jassmspear block development integration contractedjoint airtoground missile jagmairtosurfaceantiship missilesjoint strike missile jsm integration progressantiship missilesagmc lrasm integratedbombs joint direct attack munition jdam seriespaveway series laserguided bombsagm jsowb mod nuclear bomb certifiedavionicsanapg aesa radaranaaq eo targeting system eotsanaaq distributed aperture system das missile warning systemanasq barracuda electronic warfare systemanasq cni suite includesharris corporation multifunction advanced data link madl communication systemlink data linksincgarsan iff interrogator transponderhave quickam vhf uhf uhf fm radioguard survival radioa radar altimeteran instrument landing systema tacan systeminstrument carrier landing systema jpalstadilj jvmfvmf differences variants appearances media see also related developmentlockheed martin x – concept demonstrator aircraft joint strike fighter programaircraft comparable role configuration erachengdu j – chinese fifthgeneration fighter aircrafthal amca – indian fifth generation fighter development hindustan aeronautics limitedkai kf boramae – advanced multirole fighter aircraft development south korea indonesialockheed martin f raptor – american fifthgeneration air superiority fightershenyang fc – fifthgeneration jet fighter development shenyang aircraft corporationsukhoi su – russian fifthgeneration fighter aircrafttai tfx – turkish fifth generation fighter development turkish aerospace industriessukhoi su checkmate – russian single engine fifthgeneration fighter development sukhoirelated listslist fighter aircraftlist active united states military aircraftlist megaprojects aerospace notes references bibliography hamstra jeffrey .
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Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
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hamstra jeffrey w. ed.. f lightning ii concept cockpit.american institute aeronautics astronautics aiaa.doi... isbn .scid .keijsper gerald .lockheed f joint strike fighter.
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Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
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london pen sword aviation.isbn .lake jon.wests great hope.airforces monthly december .polmar norman .naval institute guide ships aircraft u.s. fleet.
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Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
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annapolis md naval institute press.isbn .reading borgu aldo .big deal australias future air combat capability.canberra australian strategic policy institute.
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Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
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isbn .spick mike .illustrated directory fighters.london salamander.isbn .winchester jim .concept aircraft prototypes xplanes experimental aircraft.
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The Pirate Bay
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san diego ca thunder bay press.isbn .oclc .external links official jsf web site official jsf videosofficial f team web sitef page u.s. naval air systems command site archived march wayback machinef – royal air forcefounded swedish think tank piratbyrån pirate bay allows visitors search download contribute magnet links torrent files facilitate peertopeer pp file sharing among users bittorrent protocol.the pirate bay sparked controversies discussion legal aspects file sharing copyright civil liberties become platform political initiatives established intellectual property laws well central figure anticopyright movement.website faced several shutdowns domain seizures switching series new web addresses continue operating.in april websites founders peter sunde fredrik neij gottfrid svartholm found guilty pirate bay trial sweden assisting copyright infringement sentenced serve one year prison pay fine.countries internet service providers isps ordered block access website.subsequently proxy websites providing access it.founders svartholm neij sunde released served shortened sentences.
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The Pirate Bay
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history pirate bay established september swedish anticopyright organisation piratbyrån piracy bureau run separate organisation since october .pirate bay first run gottfrid svartholm fredrik neij known nicknames anakata tiamo respectively.accused assisting making copyrighted content available motion picture association america.may websites servers stockholm raided taken away swedish police leading three days downtime.pirate bay claims nonprofit entity based seychelles however disputed.the pirate bay involved number lawsuits plaintiff defendant.
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The Pirate Bay
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april peter sunde fredrik neij gottfrid svartholm carl lundström found guilty assistance copyright infringement sentenced one year prison payment fine million sek approximately .m usd .m gbp .m eur trial nine days.defendants appealed verdict accused judge giving political pressure.november swedish appeals court upheld verdict decreasing original prison terms increasing fine million sek.may injunction bandwidth provider site taken offline.access website later restored message making fun injunction front page.
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The Pirate Bay
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june group piratbyrån disbanded due death ibi kopimi botani prominent member cofounder group.the pirate bay hosted several years prq swedenbased company owned creators tpb gottfrid svartholm fredrik neij.prq said provide highly secure noquestionsasked hosting services customers.may serious tubes networks started providing network connectivity pirate bay.january pirate bay added new category physibles.files described data objects able feasible become physical using printer.
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The Pirate Bay
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may part googles newly inaugurated transparency report company reported formal requests remove pirate bay links google search index requests covered urls five copyright holders requests consisting froytal services llc bang bros takedown piracy llc amateur teen kingdom international federation phonographic industry ifpi.august pirate bay announced release piratebrowser free web browser used circumvent internet censorship.site visited torrent directory world wide web november kickasstorrents visitors according alexa.december google removed google play apps app store pirate bay title.on december pirate bay raided swedish police seized servers computers equipment.several torrent related sites including eztv zoink torrage istole tracker also shut addition pirate bays forum suprbay.org.
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The Pirate Bay
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second day raid eztv reported showing signs life uploads extratorrent kickasstorrents supporting proxy sites like eztvproxy.net via main websites backend ip addresses.several copies pirate bay went online next several days notably oldpiratebay.org created isohunt.on may .se domain pirate bay ordered seized following ruling swedish court.site reacted adding six new domains place.judgment appealed may .may appeal wasdismissed court ruled domains turned swedish state.
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The Pirate Bay
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site returned using original .org domain may .august us government shut kickasstorrents resulted pirate bay becoming visited bittorrent website.website content pirate bay allows users search magnet links.used reference resources available download via peertopeer networks opened bittorrent client begin downloading desired content.originally pirate bay allowed users download bittorrent files torrents small files contain metadata necessary download data files users.
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The Pirate Bay
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torrents organised categories audio video applications games porn other.registration requires email address free registered users may upload torrents comment torrents.according study newly uploaded files torrentfreak uploads television shows movies porn second place uploads audio made uploads.registration new users closed may following problems uploading malware torrents.the website features browse function enables users see available broad categories like audio video games well subcategories like audio books highres movies comics.since january also features physibles category dprintable objects.
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The Pirate Bay
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contents categories sorted file name number seeders leechers date posted etc.piratbyrån described pirate bay longrunning project performance art.normally front page pirate bay featured drawing pirate ship logo anticopyright infringement campaign home taping killing music sails instead jolly roger symbol usually associated pirate ships.technical details initially pirate bays four linux servers ran custom web server called hypercube.old version opensource.june pirate bay updated website effort reduce bandwidth usage reported http requests per millisecond four web servers well create user friendly interface frontend website.
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The Pirate Bay
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website runs lighttpd php dynamic front ends mysql database back end sphinx two search systems memcached caching sql queries phpsessions varnish front lighttpd caching static content.september pirate bay consisted dedicated servers including nine dynamic web fronts database two search engines eight bittorrent trackers.on december pirate bay finished move hypercube opentracker bittorrent tracking software also enabling use udp tracker protocol hypercube lacked support.allowed udp multicast used synchronise multiple servers much faster before.opentracker free software.in june pirate bay announced servers would support ssl encryption response swedens new wiretapping law.january pirate bay launched ipv support tracker system using ipvonly version opentracker.
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The Pirate Bay
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november pirate bay shut tracker service permanently stating centralised trackers longer needed since distributed hash tables dht peer exchange pex magnet links allow peers find content decentralised way.on february pirate bay announced facebook post february site would longer offer torrent files would instead offer magnet links.site commented torrents bit cheaper us also make harder common enemies stop us.site added torrents shared fewer ten people retain torrent files ensure compatibility older software may support magnet links.funding early financing april rumour confirmed swedish talk show bert pirate bay received financial support rightwing entrepreneur carl lundström.caused consternation since lundström heir wasabröd fortune known financing several farright political parties movements like sverigedemokraterna bevara sverige svenskt keep sweden swedish.
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The Pirate Bay
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talk show piratbyrån spokesman tobias andersson acknowledged without lundströms support pirate bay would able start stated money went towards acquiring servers bandwidth.donations pirate bay donate link donations page listed several payment methods stated funds supported tracker offered timelimited benefits donors advertisements vip status.link removed home page donations page recommended donating local propiracy group time redirected sites main page.billboard claimed site appeals donations keep service running.petter nilsson candidate swedish political reality show toppkandidaterna top candidates donated sek us.
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The Pirate Bay
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pirate bay used buy new servers.in site ran fund intended buy sealand platform debated micronation status.convicted principals tpb requested users stop trying donate money fines refused pay them.pirate bay published bitcoin address site front page donations well litecoin.merchandising site links online store selling siterelated merchandise first noted svenska dagbladet.advertising since website received financing advertisements result pages.
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The Pirate Bay
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according speculations svenska dagbladet advertisements generate sek us per month.investigation police concluded pirate bay brings .million sek us per year advertisements.prosecution estimated trial emails screenshots advertisements pay million sek us.m year indictment used estimate police investigation.lawyers sites administrators counted revenue closer sek us.
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The Pirate Bay
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verdict first trial however quoted estimate preliminary investigation.as ifpi claims website extremely profitable pirate bay engaged making profit supporting peoples rights.website insisted allegations true stating free operate web site scale making lots money svartholm wouldnt working late office tonight id sitting beach somewhere working tan.response claims annual revenue exceeding us million made ifpi sites spokesman peter sunde argues websites high bandwidth power hardware costs eliminate potential profit.pirate bay says may ultimately operating loss.trial defence estimated sites yearly expenses sek us.there unintentional advertisers.
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The Pirate Bay
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online ad agency placed walmart simpsons dvd ads along search results included downloads series.banner ads canadas department finance economic action plan placed atop search results part larger media buy pulled quickly.cryptocurrency mining pirate bay embedded scripts website would consume resources visitors computers order mine monero cryptocurrency.visitors initially informed scripts added.negative feedback operators published announcement stating test see could replace advertisements.
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The Pirate Bay
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mining script appeared disappeared website repeatedly following months .fee according sites usage policy reserves right charge commercial policy violators basic fee € plus bandwidth costs may arise due violation.cofounder peter sunde accused swedish book publishers scraped site information copyrighted books violating usage policy asserted tpbs copyright database.projects team behind pirate bay worked several websites software projects varying degrees permanence.in bayimg image hosting website similar tinypic went online june.prepublication images posted bayimg became part legal battle conde nasts networkwas later allegedly hacked.in july within hours ingmar bergmans death bergmanbits.com launched listing torrents directors films online mid.in august pirate bay relaunched bittorrent website suprnova.org perform functions pirate bay different torrent trackers site languished domain returned original owner august redirects torrentfreak.tv.suprbay.org introduced august official forum thepiratebay.org various sites connected it.users request reseeding torrents report malware within torrent files illegal material thepiratebay.org.boink announced october response raid oinks pink palace musicoriented bittorrent website.
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The Pirate Bay
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month later sunde cancelled boink citing many new music websites created since downfall oink.a mac dashboard widget released december listing top stuff currently tpb either per category full list.slopsbox disposable email address antispam service also appeared december reviewed .in baywords launched free blogging service lets users site blog anything long break swedish laws.december pirate bay resurrected sharereactor combined edk bittorrent site.month vio mobile video converter released designed convert video files playback mobile devices iphone blackberry android many nokia windows mobile devices.in pastebay note sharing service similar pastebin made available public march.video bay video streamingsharing site announced june youtube killer content viewable html capable browsers.
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The Pirate Bay
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site extreme beta phase message homepage instructed user dont expect anything work all.video bay never completed april video bay inaccessible.on april pirate bay temporarily changed name research bay collaborating pp researchers lund university cybernorms group large poll pp users.researchers published results online survey bay public creative commons project .january site announced promo bay doodles selected musicians artists others could rotated onto sites front page future date.brazilian novelist paulo coelho promoted offering collection books free download.
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The Pirate Bay
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november artists reported signed up.tpb preserves dated collection exhibited logos.december isps uk bt virgin media started blocking promo bay stopped days later bpi reversed position.purchases january micronation sealand put sale acfi pirate bay tried buy it.sealand government however want involved pirate bay opinion file sharing represented theft proprietary rights.
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The Pirate Bay
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new plan formed buy island instead never implemented despite website raised us € donations cause.the pp news blog torrentfreak reported october internet domain ifpi.com previously belonged international federation phonographic industry antipiracy organisation acquired pirate bay.asked got hold domain sunde told torrentfreak hack someone gave us domain name.idea got keeping it.website renamed international federation pirates interests however ifpi filed complaint world intellectual property organization shortly thereafter subsequently ordered pirate bay return domain name ifpi.cryptocurrency may pirate bay launched pirate token bep token used sustain community develop tools website.
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The Pirate Bay
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incidents may raid may raid pirate bay people involved website took place ordered judge tomas norström later presiding judge trial prompted allegations copyright violations.police officers shut website confiscated servers well servers hosted pirate bays internet service provider prq.company owned two operators pirate bay.three people – gottfrid svartholm mikael viborg fredrik neij – held police questioning released later evening.servers room seized including running website piratbyrån independent organisation fighting file sharing rights well servers unrelated pirate bay file sharing activities.
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The Pirate Bay
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equipment hardware routers switches blank cds fax machines also seized.the motion picture association america mpaa wrote press release since filing criminal complaint sweden november film industry worked vigorously swedish u.s. government officials sweden shut illegal website down.mpaa ceo dan glickman also stated intellectual property theft problem film industries world glad local government sweden helped stop pirate bay continuing enable rampant copyright theft internet.mpaa press release set forth justification raid claimed three arrests however individuals actually arrested held questioning.release also reprinted john g. malcolms allegation pirate bay making money distribution copyrighted material criticism denied pirate bay.after raid pirate bay displayed message confirmed swedish police executed search warrants breach copyright law assisting breach.closure message initially caused confusion april april fools day pirate bay posted similar message prank stating unavailable due raid swedish antipiracy bureau ifpi.
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The Pirate Bay
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piratbyrån set temporary news blog inform public incident.june pirate bay available logo depicting pirate ship firing cannonballs hollywood sign.the pirate bay servers belgium russia future use case another raid.according pirate bay two years following raid grew million .million registered users .million million peers.
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The Pirate Bay
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pirate bay claims million active users.swedens largest technology museum swedish national museum science technology acquired one confiscated servers exhibited great symbolic value big problem big opportunity.autopsy photos september swedish media reported public preliminary investigation protocols concerning child murder case known arboga case made available torrent pirate bay.sweden preliminary investigations become publicly available moment lawsuit filed ordered court individual.document included pictures autopsy two murdered children caused father nicklas jangestig urge website pictures removed.pirate bay refused remove torrent.
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The Pirate Bay
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number downloads increased days later.september websites press contact peter sunde participated debate program debatt public broadcaster svt.sunde agreed participate condition father nicklas jangestig would take part debate.jangestig ultimately participate program telephone made sunde feel betrayed svt.caused pirate bay suspend press contacts following day.i dont think job judge something ethical unethical people want put internet said pirate bays spokesperson peter sunde tv.
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The Pirate Bay
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legal issues september large number internal emails leaked antipiracy company mediadefender anonymous hacker.leaked emails discussed hiring hackers perform ddos attacks pirate bays servers trackers.response leak pirate bay filed charges sweden mediadefender clients twentieth century fox sweden ab emi sweden ab universal music group sweden ab universal pictures nordic ab paramount home entertainment sweden ab atari nordic ab activision nordic ubisoft sweden ab sony bmg music entertainment sweden ab sony pictures home entertainment nordic ab charges pursued.mediadefenders stocks fell sharply incident several media companies withdrew service company announced leak caused losses.later pirate bay cofounder peter sunde accused police investigator jim keyzer conflict interest declined investigate mediadefender.keyzer later accepted job mpaa member studio warner brothers.
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The Pirate Bay
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leaked emails revealed mpaa member studios hired mediadefender pollute pirate bays torrent database.official letter swedish minister justice international olympic committee ioc requested assistance swedish government prevent pirate bay distributing video clips beijing olympics.ioc claimed one million downloads footage olympics – mostly opening ceremony.pirate bay however take anything temporarily renamed website beijing bay.the trial men behind pirate bay started sweden february .accused breaking swedish copyright law.the defendants however continued confident outcome.
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The Pirate Bay
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half charges pirate bay dropped second day trial.the three operators site one investor carl lundström convicted stockholm district court april sentenced one year jail total million sek us.million .million eur .million gbp fines damages.defendants lawyers appealed svea court appeal requested retrial district court alleging bias part judge tomas norström.on may several record companies sued neij svartholm sunde also pirate bays main internet service provider black internet.
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The Pirate Bay
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required enforcement ending pirate bays accessory copyright infringement stopped despite court order april complaint listed several pages works shared help site.suit joined several major film companies july.stockholm district court ruled august black internet must stop making available specific works mentioned judgment face sek fine.company notified order august complied day disconnecting pirate bay.computer sweden noted judgment order pirate bay disconnected isp option stopping activity site.
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The Pirate Bay
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first time sweden isp forced stop providing access website.public support fund fronted ceo isp set cover legal fees appeal.pirate party leader rickard falkvinge submitted case parliamentary ombudsman review criticising courts order make intermediaries responsible relayed content assign active crime prevention tasks private party.on october stockholm district court ordered temporary injunction neij svartholm penalty sek forbidding participating operation pirate bays website trackers.on may svea court appeal decided change orders black internet neij svartholm.on february supreme court sweden refused hear appeal conviction case agreed decision svea court appeal upheld sentences november .on september pirate bay cofounder gottfrid svartholm warg arrested cambodia.detained phnom penh officers executing international warrant issued april turn serve oneyear jail sentence copyright violations.december administrators tpb changed homepage urge users send warg jail gifts letters.in march pirate bay claimed blog post moved servers north korea.
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The Pirate Bay
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incident turned hoax.april within week pirate bay moved servers greenland iceland st. martin either response legal threats preemptively.december site changed domain .ac ascension island following seizure .sx domain.december site moved .pe peru december .gy guyana.following sites suspension .gy domain december pirate bay returned .se sweden previously occupied february april .
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The Pirate Bay
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trial pirate bay trial joint criminal civil prosecution sweden four individuals charged promoting copyright infringement others pirate bay site.criminal charges supported consortium intellectual rights holders led ifpi filed individual civil compensation claims owners pirate bay.swedish prosecutors filed charges january fredrik neij gottfrid svartholm peter sunde carl lundström swedish businessman businesses sold services site.prosecutor claimed four worked together administer host develop site thereby facilitated peoples breach copyright law.cases copyright infringements originally listed related music files movies games.one case involving music files later dropped copyright holder made file available pirate bay site.
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The Pirate Bay
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addition claims damages million kronor us million €.million filed.case decided jointly judge three appointed lay judges.according swedish media lead judge involved one procopyright organisation board another denied involvement constituted conflict interest.the trial started february district court tingsrätt stockholm sweden.hearings ended march verdict announced friday april peter sunde fredrik neij gottfrid svartholm carl lundström found guilty sentenced serve one year prison pay fine million swedish krona app.
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The Pirate Bay
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€.million us.million.defendants appealed verdict.the appeal trial concluded october verdict announced november.appeal court shortened sentences three defendants appeared court day.
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The Pirate Bay
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neijs sentence reduced months sundes eight lundströms four.however fine increased million kronor.on february supreme court sweden refused hear appeal case prompting site change official domain name thepiratebay.se thepiratebay.org.move .se domain claimed prevent susceptibility us laws taking control site.april site changed domain name thepiratebay.gl greenland tld anticipation possible seizure swedish authorities .se domain.change proved short lived site returned .se domain april blocked .gl domain telepost administers domains greenland.
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The Pirate Bay
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telepost cited danish court ruling site violation copyright laws.founders svartholm neij sunde released finished serving sentences .service issues may pirate bay attacked group hackers.copied user database included .million users.pirate bay claimed users data value passwords emails encrypted hashed.
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The Pirate Bay
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blogs stated group known auh arga unga hackare swedish angry young hackers suspected executing attack however auh stated computer sweden newspaper involved would take revenge responsible attack.on april website pirate bay fibre ipv connectivity issues.widespread speculation forced outage swedish antipiracy group accelerated somewhat tpb adding contact details swedish antipiracy groups lawyers ripe database record.site forums still available via ipv time.on august one pirate bays upstream providers ordered discontinue service website swedish court response civil action brought several entertainment companies including disney universal time warner columbia sony nbc paramount.according tpb blog caused downtime hours however users unable access site immediately following relocation due unrelated technical difficulties.site fully operational everyone within hours.on october one ip transit providers pirate bay blocked pirate bay traffic causing outage users around world.
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The Pirate Bay
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day site reportedly back online ip address cyberbunker located netherlands.known whether pirate bay actually located cyberbunker whether using cyberbunker service routes cyberbunker ip addresses datacenter around world.routes visible outside world.cyberbunker given court injunction may taking site offline briefly later day hosting restored swedens pirate party.former spokesman pirate bay peter sunde commented would difficult stop site would seen political censorship anyone tries shut down.on july group argentine hackers gained access pirate bays administration panel security breach via backend pirate bay website.able delete torrents expose users ipaddresses emails mdhashed passwords.
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The Pirate Bay
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pirate bay taken offline upgrades.users visiting website met following message upgrading stuff database use backups soon back again.btw nice weather outside think.on may pirate bay experienced major ddos attack causing site largely inaccessible worldwide around hours.pirate bay said know behind attack although suspicions.on may pirate bay went offline several hours apparently result properly configuring ssl certificate.acquisition discussion june swedish advertising company global gaming factory x ab announced intention buy site sek million approximately us.
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The Pirate Bay
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million sek cash sek ggf shares.the pirate bay founders stated profits sale would placed offshore account would used fund projects pertaining freedom speech freedom information openness internet.assurances made personal data transferred eventual sale since personal data kept.global gaming chief executive hans pandeya commented sites future saying would like introduce models entail content providers copyright owners get paid content downloaded via site announced users would charged monthly fee access pirate bay.global gaming factorys letter intent expired end september without transaction taken place.may due companys financial difficulties.pc world magazine regarded deals future doomed.
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The Pirate Bay
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december raid december police stockholm raided companys premises seized servers computers equipment resulted website going offline.raid response complaint rights alliance swedish antipiracy group.pirate bay one many peertopeer torrentrelated websites apps went down.one member crew arrested.torrentfreak reported torrent sites reported – increase traffic displaced users though shutdown little effect overall piracy levels.
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The Pirate Bay
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retaliation raid group hackers claiming part anonymous allegedly leaked email login details swedish government officials.pirate bay cofounder peter sunde commented blog post happy see website shut believing successors done nothing improve site criticising particular increased use advertisements.isohunt since copied much original tpb database made accessible oldpiratebay.org searchable index old pirate bay torrents.isohunt also released tool called open bay allow users deploy version pirate bay website.tool responsible around mirror sites.
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The Pirate Bay
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since december pirate bays facebook page unavailable.december website resumed domain thepiratebay.se showing flip clock length time days hours site offline waving pirate flag.day tpb hosted period moldova trabia network moldogerman company servers.pirate bay began using services cloudflare company offers reverse proxy services.january website presented countdown february .
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The Pirate Bay
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website returned prominent phoenix logo displayed domain thepiratebay.se january .error downtimes beginning october clearnet pirate bay website started inaccessible locations around world showing error .result direct visits website dropped percent october.incident found unrelated internet provider blocking domain name problem exact cause determined.sites tor domain proxies remained unaffected.the error problem occurred early march sites admins unable say would resolved.
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The Pirate Bay
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one month sites functionality restored update domain records cloudflare nameservers.survived numerous attempts shut still active official unofficial mirror sites.censorship controversies anticopyright movement pirate bay sparked controversies discussion legal aspects file sharing copyright civil liberties become platform political initiatives established intellectual property laws central figure anticopyright movement.website faced several shutdowns domain seizures little take site offline simply switched series new web addresses continued operate.domain blocking countries pirate bays website blocked countries despite relative ease blocks circumvented countries.
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The Pirate Bay
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url pirate bay blocked countries numerous mirror websites emerged make website available different urls routing traffic around block.according google chairman eric schmidt government plans block access illicit filesharing websites could set disastrous precedent freedom speech also expressed google would fight attempts restrict access sites pirate bay.sweden february swedens patent market court appeal decided broadband provider bredbandsbolaget must block customers accessing file sharing site pirate bay overruling district court ruling contrary .first time site openly blocked sweden.rest isps expected follow court orders.the isp telia mandated block pirate bay dynamic injunction december .means rights holders find website ip url pirate bay inform telia legally required block weeks.
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The Pirate Bay
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telia objected blocking order attempted appeal injunction lost june must maintain dynamic injunction years.censorship corporations facebook pirate bay introduced feature march easily share links torrents social networking site facebook wired.com found may facebook started blocking links.inspection discovered messages containing links pirate bay public private messages regardless content blocked.electronic frontier foundation lawyers commented facebook might working us electronic communications privacy act intercepting user messages facebook chief privacy officer chris kelly said right use blocks links demonstrated disregard intellectual property rights following users agreement terms service.links similar sites blocked.
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The Pirate Bay
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microsoft march microsoft blocked windows live messenger messages containing links pirate bay.user sends instant message contains link pirate bay windows live messenger prompts warning claims blocked reported unsafe.block instant messages contain malicious spam urls based intelligence algorithms thirdparty sources andor user complaints.pirate bay urls flagged one consequently blocked microsoft told register emailed statement.media pirate bay featured steal film documentary series society filesharing produced league noble peers danish documentary good copy bad copy explores issues surrounding file copyright documentary tpb afk.
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The Pirate Bay
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pirate bay topic ussyndicated npr radio show media.björn ulvaeus member swedish pop music group abba criticised copyright infringing activities pirate bay supporters lazy mean.contrast brazilian bestselling author paulo coelho embraced free sharing online.coelho supports pirate bay offered witness trial.accounts much growing sales work shared internet comments person share selfish bitter alone.see also comparison bittorrent sitesipredatorpirate partyscihub network pirated research papers scihub instantly provide access twothirds scholarly articles references external links official website
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ProtonVPN
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according official website protonvpn protonmail share management team offices technical resources operated protons headquarters geneva switzerland protection swiss privacy laws.company proton technologies ag company behind protonvpn email service protonmail supported fongit fondation genevoise pour linnovation technologique nonprofit foundation financed swiss federal commission technology innovation european commission.features december protonvpn total servers sited different nations.all servers owned operated protonvpn companys network.service available windows macos android ios also commandline tool linux implemented using ipsec protocol.protonvpn utilizes openvpn udptcp ikev protocol aes encryption.company strict nologging policy user connection data also prevents dns webrtc leaks exposing users true ip addresses.
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ProtonVPN
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protonvpn also includes tor access support kill switch shut internet access event lost vpn connection.in january protonvpn released source code platforms sec consult conduct independent security audit.in july protonvpn added wireguard protocol beta version.reception september review techradar protonvpn received fourandahalf five stars.review read protonvpns network small performance issues testing.still speeds generally better average apps welldesigned applaud genuine vpn offers free unlimited bandwidth plan.november review free version techradar writer concluded live choice three locations protonvpns free plan excellent choice – bandwidth limits decent speeds privacy policy believe probably clients desktops mobile devices.
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ProtonVPN
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well worth checking backup existing vpn service.a february pc magazine uk review rated protonvpn saying first reviewed protonvpn young service looking expand.certainly done service definitely better now.still unclear company able scale match competitors given exacting standards physical security.thats worry future.right protonvpn excellent service unbeatable range prices.the nonprofit organization privacy guides formerly called privacytools developed comprehensive list vpn provider criteria order objectively recommend vpns.
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September 11 attacks
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october three vpns fulfilled criteria.protonvpn second three recommended vpn services.see also comparison virtual private network servicesinternet privacyencryptionsecure communication referencesmorning four commercial airliners traveling northeastern u.s. california hijacked midflight alqaeda terrorists.hijackers organized three groups five members one group four.group one hijacker received flight training took control aircraft.explicit goal crash plane prominent american building causing mass casualties partial complete destruction targeted buildings.two planes hit twin towers world trade center third hit west side pentagon.
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September 11 attacks
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fourth plane intended crash target washington d.c. instead crashed field near shanksville pennsylvania following passenger revolt.the first plane hit target american airlines flight .flown north tower world trade center complex lower manhattan am.seventeen minutes later world trade centers south tower hit united airlines flight .story towers collapsed within hour fortytwo minutes leading collapse world trade center structures including world trade center significantly damaging surrounding buildings.third hijacked flight american airlines flight crashed west side pentagon headquarters american military arlington county virginia causing partial collapse buildings side.
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September 11 attacks
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fourth final flight united airlines flight flown direction washington d.c. planes passengers attempted regain control aircraft away hijackers ultimately diverted flight intended target crashed field near shanksville pennsylvania am.investigators determined flight target either u.s. capitol white house.in immediate aftermath attacks suspicion quickly fell onto alqaeda.united states government george w. bush administration formally responded launching war terror invading afghanistan depose taliban complied u.s. demands expel alqaeda afghanistan extradite alqaeda leader osama bin laden.bin laden fled white mountains came attack u.s.led forces managed escape.although bin laden initially denied involvement formally claimed responsibility attacks.
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September 11 attacks
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alqaeda bin laden cited u.s. support israel presence u.s. troops saudi arabia sanctions iraq motives.evading capture almost decade bin laden located hideout abbottabad pakistan subsequently killed u.s. military may .the destruction world trade center nearby infrastructure seriously harmed economy new york city created global economic recession.many countries strengthened antiterrorism legislation expanded powers law enforcement intelligence agencies prevent terrorist attacks.u.s. canadian civilian airspaces closed september wall street trading closed september .many closings evacuations cancellations followed respect fear attacks.
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September 11 attacks
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cleanup world trade center site took eight months completed may pentagon repaired within year.design replacement world trade center complex took several years many stakeholders involved.work new iconic building site one world trade center began november opened november several construction delays.the attacks resulted fatalities injuries substantial longterm health consequences addition least billion infrastructure property damage.remains deadliest terrorist attack human history single deadliest incident firefighters law enforcement officers history united states killed respectively.numerous memorials constructed including national september memorial museum new york city pentagon memorial arlington county virginia flight national memorial pennsylvania crash site.
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September 11 attacks
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background alqaeda origins alqaeda traced soviet union invaded afghanistan.osama bin laden traveled central asian country volunteer viewing war holy cause help fellow muslims afghanistan defeat communist invaders soviets.organized fellow arab mujahideen afghan arabs resist soviets countrys exit afghanistan .guidance ayman alzawahiri bin laden became radical.in bin laden issued first fatwā calling american soldiers leave saudi arabia.second fatwā bin laden outlined objections american foreign policy respect israel well continued presence american troops saudi arabia gulf war.
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September 11 attacks
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bin laden used islamic texts exhort muslims attack americans stated grievances reversed.muslim legal scholars throughout islamic history unanimously agreed jihad individual duty enemy destroys muslim countries according bin laden.osama bin laden bin laden orchestrated attacks.initially denied involvement later recanted false statements.al jazeera broadcast statement september stress carried act appears carried individuals motivation.
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September 11 attacks
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november u.s. forces recovered videotape destroyed house jalalabad afghanistan.video bin laden seen talking khaled alharbi admits foreknowledge attacks.december second bin laden video released.video saidit become clear west general america particular unspeakable hatred islam.... hatred crusaders.
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September 11 attacks
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terrorism america deserves praised response injustice aimed forcing america stop support israel kills people.... say end united states imminent whether bin laden followers alive dead awakening muslim ummah sic nation occurred.... important hit economy united states base military power...if economy hit become reoccupied.but stopped short admitting responsibility attacks.shortly u.s. presidential election bin laden used taped statement publicly acknowledge alqaedas involvement attacks united states.admitted direct link attacks said carried ...we free ... want regain freedom nation.undermine security undermine yours.
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September 11 attacks
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bin laden said personally directed followers attack world trade center pentagon.another video obtained al jazeera september shows bin laden one attacks chief planners ramzi bin alshibh well two hijackers hamza alghamdi wail alshehri made preparations attacks.u.s. never formally indicted bin laden attacks fbis wanted list bombings u.s. embassies dar es salaam tanzania nairobi kenya.year manhunt u.s. president barack obama announced bin laden killed american special forces compound abbottabad pakistan may .khalid sheikh mohammed journalist yosri fouda arabic television channel al jazeera reported april alqaeda member khalid sheikh mohammed admitted involvement attacks along ramzi bin alshibh.
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September 11 attacks
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commission report determined animosity towards united states felt mohammed principal architect attacks stemmed violent disagreement u.s. foreign policy favoring israel.mohammed also adviser financier world trade center bombing uncle ramzi yousef lead bomber attack.mohammed arrested march rawalpindi pakistan pakistani security officials working cia.held multiple cia secret prisons guantanamo bay interrogated tortured methods including waterboarding.u.s. hearings guantanamo bay march mohammed confessed responsibility attacks stating responsible operation z statement made duress.a letter presented mohammeds lawyers u.s. district court manhattan july indicated interested testifying saudi arabia’s role attacks helping victims families victims exchange united states seeking death penalty him.james kreindler one lawyers victims raised question usefulness testimony.
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September 11 attacks
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alqaeda members substitution testimony khalid sheikh mohammed trial zacarias moussaoui five people identified completely aware operations details.bin laden khalid sheikh mohammed ramzi bin alshibh abu turab alurduni mohammed atef.date peripheral figures tried convicted attacks.on september spanish high court sentenced abu dahdah years prison conspiracy attacks member terrorist organization alqaeda.time another alqaeda members sentenced penalties years.february spanish supreme court reduced abu dahdah’s penalty years considered participation conspiracy proven.also moussaoui originally suspected might assigned twentieth hijacker convicted lesser role conspiracy commit acts terrorism air piracy.
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September 11 attacks
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sentenced life prison without parole united states.mounir elmotassadeq associate hamburgbased hijackers served years germany role helping hijackers prepare attacks.released october deported morocco.the hamburg cell germany included radical islamists eventually came key operatives attacks.mohamed atta marwan alshehhi ziad jarrah ramzi bin alshibh said bahaji members alqaedas hamburg cell.motives osama bin ladens declaration holy war united states fatwā signed bin laden others calling killing americans seen investigators evidence motivation.in bin ladens november letter america explicitly stated alqaedas motives attacks includeu.s.
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September 11 attacks
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support israelsupport attacks muslims somaliasupport philippines muslims moro conflictsupport israeli aggression muslims lebanonsupport russian atrocities muslims chechnyaproamerican governments middle east act agents muslim interestssupport indian oppression muslims kashmirthe presence u.s. troops saudi arabiathe sanctions iraqafter attacks bin laden alzawahiri released additional videotapes audio recordings repeated reasons attacks.two particularly important publications bin ladens letter america videotape bin laden.bin laden interpreted muhammad banned permanent presence infidels arabia.bin laden issued fatwā calling american troops leave saudi arabia.alqaeda wrote seven years united states occupying lands islam holiest places arabian peninsula plundering riches dictating rulers humiliating people terrorizing neighbors turning bases peninsula spearhead fight neighboring muslim peoples.in december interview bin laden said felt americans near mecca considered provocation entire muslim world.one analysis suicide terrorism suggested without u.s. troops saudi arabia alqaeda likely would able get people commit suicide missions.in fatwā alqaeda identified iraq sanctions reason kill americans condemning protracted blockade among actions constitute declaration war allah messenger muslims.
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September 11 attacks
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fatwā declared ruling kill americans allies – civilians military – individual duty every muslim country possible order liberate alaqsa mosque holy mosque mecca grip order americans armies move lands islam defeated unable threaten muslim.in bin laden claimed idea destroying towers first occurred witnessed israels bombardment highrise apartment buildings lebanon war.analysts including mearsheimer walt also claimed u.s. support israel one motive attacks.bin laden connected september attacks u.s. support israel although letter expressed bin ladens disdain president bush bin ladens hope destroy bankrupt u.s.other motives suggested addition stated bin laden alqaeda.authors suggested humiliation resulted islamic world falling behind western world – discrepancy rendered especially visible globalization desire provoke u.s. broader war islamic world hope motivating allies support alqaeda.similarly others argued strategic move objective provoking america war would incite panislamic revolution.
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September 11 attacks
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planning attacks conceived khalid sheikh mohammed first presented osama bin laden .time bin laden alqaeda period transition relocated back afghanistan sudan.african embassy bombings bin ladens february fatwā marked turning point alqaedas terrorist operation bin laden became intent attacking united states.in late early bin laden gave approval mohammed go forward organizing plot.mohammed bin laden bin ladens deputy mohammed atef held series meetings early .atef provided operational support including target selections helping arrange travel hijackers.
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September 11 attacks
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bin laden overruled mohammed rejecting potential targets u.s. bank tower los angeles lack time.bin laden provided leadership financial support involved selecting participants.initially selected nawaf alhazmi khalid almihdhar experienced jihadists fought bosnia.hazmi mihdhar arrived united states midjanuary .early hazmi mihdhar took flying lessons san diego california spoke little english performed poorly flying lessons eventually served secondary muscle hijackers.in late group men hamburg germany arrived afghanistan.group included mohamed atta marwan alshehhi ziad jarrah ramzi bin alshibh.
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September 11 attacks
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bin laden selected men educated could speak english experience living west.new recruits routinely screened special skills alqaeda leaders consequently discovered hani hanjour already commercial pilots license.mohammed later said helped hijackers blend teaching order food restaurants dress western clothing.hanjour arrived san diego december joining hazmi.– soon left arizona hanjour took refresher training.marwan alshehhi arrived end may atta arrived june jarrah arrived june .
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September 11 attacks
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bin alshibh applied several times visa united states yemeni rejected concerns would overstay visa.bin alshibh stayed hamburg providing coordination atta mohammed.three hamburg cell members took pilot training south florida huffman aviation.spring secondary hijackers began arriving united states.july atta met bin alshibh spain coordinated details plot including final target selection.
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September 11 attacks
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bin alshibh also passed along bin ladens wish attacks carried soon possible.hijackers received passports corrupt saudi officials family members used fraudulent passports gain entry.there theories selected hijackers date attack resemblance phone number used report emergencies united states.however lawrence wright wrote hijackers chose date john iii sobieski king poland grand duke lithuania began battle turned back ottoman empires muslim armies attempting capture vienna september .vienna seat holy roman empire habsburg monarchy major powers europe time.osama bin laden date west gained dominance islam attacking date hoped make step islam winning war worldwide power influence.
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September 11 attacks
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prior intelligence late alqaeda associate walid bin attash khallad contacted mihdhar telling meet kuala lumpur malaysia hazmi abu bara al yemeni would also attendance.nsa intercepted telephone call mentioning meeting mihdhar name nawaf hazmi.agency feared something nefarious might afoot took action.the cia already alerted saudi intelligence status mihdhar hazmi alqaeda members cia team broke mihdhars dubai hotel room discovered mihdhar u.s. visa.alec station alerted intelligence agencies worldwide fact share information fbi.malaysian special branch observed january meeting two alqaeda members informed cia mihdhar hazmi khallad flying bangkok cia never notified agencies ask state department put mihdhar watchlist.
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September 11 attacks
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fbi liaison alec station asked permission inform fbi meeting told matter fbi.by late june senior counterterrorism official richard clarke cia director george tenet convinced major series attacks come although cia believed attacks would likely occur saudi arabia israel.early july clarke put domestic agencies full alert telling something really spectacular going happen here.soon.asked fbi state department alert embassies police departments defense department go threat condition delta.clarke later wrote somewhere cia information two known al qaeda terrorists come united states.
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September 11 attacks
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somewhere fbi information strange things going flight schools united states ... specific information individual terrorists one could deduced happen.none information got white house.on july tom wilshire cia agent assigned fbis international terrorism division emailed superiors cias counterterrorism center ctc requesting permission inform fbi hazmi country mihdhar u.s. visa.cia never responded.the day july margarette gillespie fbi analyst working ctc told review material malaysia meeting.told participants presence u.s. cia gave gillespie surveillance photos mihdhar hazmi meeting show fbi counterterrorism tell significance.intelink database informed share intelligence material meeting criminal investigators.
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September 11 attacks
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shown photos fbi refused details significance given mihdhars date birth passport number.late august gillespie told ins state department customs service fbi put hazmi mihdhar watchlists fbi prohibited using criminal agents searching duo hindering efforts.also july phoenixbased fbi agent sent message fbi headquarters alec station fbi agents new york alerting possibility coordinated effort osama bin laden send students united states attend civil aviation universities colleges.agent kenneth williams suggested need interview flight school managers identify arab students seeking flight training.july jordan alerted u.s. alqaeda planning attack u.s. months later jordan notified u.s. attacks codename big wedding involved aeroplanes.on august cias presidential daily brief pdb designated president entitled bin ladin determined strike u.s. memo noted fbi information indicates patterns suspicious activity country consistent preparations hijackings types attacks.in midaugust one minnesota flight school alerted fbi zacarias moussaoui asked suspicious questions.fbi found moussaoui radical traveled pakistan ins arrested overstaying french visa.
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September 11 attacks
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request search laptop denied fbi headquarters due lack probable cause.the failures intelligencesharing attributed justice department policies limiting intelligence sharing combined cia nsa reluctance reveal sensitive sources methods tapped phones.testifying commission april thenattorney general john ashcroft recalled single greatest structural cause september th problem wall segregated separated criminal investigators intelligence agents.clarke also wrote were... failures get information right place right time.attacks early morning september hijackers took control four commercial airliners two boeing two boeing en route california three headed lax los angeles one sfo san francisco takeoffs logan international airport boston massachusetts newark liberty international airport newark new jersey washington dulles international airport loudoun fairfax counties virginia.large planes long coasttocoast flights selected hijacking would fuel.the four flights wereamerican airlines flight boeing aircraft departed logan airport a.m. en route los angeles crew passengers including five hijackers.
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September 11 attacks
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hijackers flew plane northern façade north tower world trade center new york city a.m.united airlines flight boeing aircraft departed logan airport a.m. en route los angeles crew nine passengers including five hijackers.hijackers flew plane southern façade south tower world trade center new york city a.m.american airlines flight boeing aircraft departed washington dulles international airport a.m. en route los angeles crew six passengers including five hijackers.hijackers flew plane western façade pentagon arlington county virginia a.m.united airlines flight boeing aircraft departed newark international airport a.m. en route san francisco crew seven passengers including four hijackers.passengers attempted subdue hijackers aircraft crashed field stonycreek township near shanksville pennsylvania a.m.media coverage extensive attacks aftermath beginning moments first crash world trade center.eastern daylight time utc† excluding hijackers§ including emergency workers‡ including hijackers four crashes a.m. five hijackers crashed american airlines flight northern facade world trade centers north tower wtc.
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September 11 attacks
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a.m. another five hijackers crashed united airlines flight south tower’s southern facade wtc.five hijackers flew american airlines flight pentagon a.m. fourth flight united airlines flight crashed near shanksville pennsylvania southeast pittsburgh a.m. passengers fought four hijackers.flight target believed either capitol white house.flight cockpit voice recorder revealed crew passengers tried seize control plane hijackers learning phone calls flights crashed buildings morning.became evident passengers might gain control hijackers rolled plane intentionally crashed it.some passengers crew members called aircraft using cabin air phone service mobile phones provided details several hijackers aboard plane used mace tear gas pepper spray overcome attendants people aboard stabbed.
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