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Calyx Institute	often difficult users ascertain canarys validity thus canary watch aimed provide simple display active canaries blocks time active.conferences calyx institute participated multiple times defcon hacker conference hope conference also participated hackers next door conference.it also sponsored presented internet freedom festival.reception calyx institutes membership program provides mobile internet access benefit.recommended september cory doctorow article boing boing entitled found secret tunnel runs underneath phone companies emerges paradise january jake swearingen new york magazine.since calyx institute cited example internet users interested protecting privacy related merrills successful challenge national security letter.internet offerings called exception norm.in several calyx institute servers included study oldest longestrunning tor exit nodes.in review calyxvpn techradar called calyx institute long established nonprofit said unusual powered donations without ads using opensource software.
Schneider Electric	references external links official websitecanary watch websitecalyxos websiteaddresses homes buildings data centers infrastructure industries combining energy technologies realtime automation software services.schneider electric fortune global company publicly traded euronext exchange component euro stoxx stock market index.fy company posted revenues €.billion.schneider electric parent company square apc others.also research company.the company began schneider cie. ultimately renamed schneider electric may .head office schneider electric head office rueilmalmaison france.schneider electric head office trianon site rueilmalmaison france since .
Schneider Electric	current headquarters also located rueilmalmaison previously housed schneider subsidiary télémécanique parent company occupied site boulognebillancourt.history beginnings origin company steel armaments factories schneidercreusot industrial concerns.th century company divested steel shipbuilding focused mainly electricity strategic acquisitions.timeline brothers adolphe josepheugene schneider take abandoned foundry le creusot france two years later create schneider cie focusing primarily steel industry.schneider cie grows rapidly specializing production heavy machinery transportation equipment eventually becomes schneider group.
Schneider Electric	schneider group acquires interest merlin gerin one top manufacturers electrical distribution equipment france.schneider group refocuses electrical industry divesting nonstrategic assets undertakes series strategic acquisitions télémécanique square merlin gerin .schneider group acquires lexel.may schneider group renamed schneider electric.the company iter supplier.schneider electric advertises cooperation german power supplier rwe.
Schneider Electric	schneider acquires british retail brand tower electric.schneider electric takes control aveva group plc provider engineering industrial software based uk.schneider launches schneider electric exchange.february schneider made €.bn takeover bid german company rib software closing deal july .september schneider electric launched new equipment help electricity distribution companies nigeria fix grid faults.
Accounting information system	acquisitions organizational structure offer schneider electric operates business units energy management industrial automation services.energy managementthe energy management business provides products management energy medium voltage grid automation low voltage building automation secure power cooling applications.servicesthe services business includes three divisions global field services energy sustainability services smart grid services.ecostruxure schneider electric launched next generation ecostruxure – iotenabled architecture.ecostruxure platform uses microsoft azure.in april company launched schneider electric exchange open business platform.see also creusot steam hammer references external links official website schneider electric global blogaccounting information system generally computerbased method tracking accounting activity conjunction information technology resources.resulting financial reports used internally management externally interested parties including investors creditors tax authorities.accounting information systems designed support accounting functions activities including auditing financial accounting reporting managerial management accounting tax.widely adopted accounting information systems auditing financial reporting modules.history traditionally accounting purely based manual approach.
Accounting information system	experience skillfulness individual accountant critical accounting processes.even using manual approach ineffective inefficient.accounting information systems resolve many issues.aiss support automation processing large amounts data produce timely accurate information.early accounting information systems designed payroll functions s. initially accounting information systems developed inhouse packaged solutions available.solutions expensive develop difficult maintain.
Accounting information system	therefore many accounting practitioners preferred manual approach rather computerbased.today accounting information systems commonly sold prebuilt software packages large vendors microsoft sage group sap agsap oracle corporationoracle configured customized match organizations business processes.small businesses often use accounting lower costs software packages tally.erp myob quickbooks.large organisations would often choose erp systems.need connectivity consolidation business systems increased accounting information systems merged larger centralized systems enterprise resource planning erp.
Accounting information system	separate applications manage different business functions organizations develop complex interfaces systems communicate other.erp system accounting information system built module integrated suite applications include manufacturing supply chain human resources.modules integrated together able access data execute complex business processes.today cloudbased accounting information systems increasingly popular smes large organisations lower costs.adoption accounting information systems many businesses removed low skills transactional operational accounting roles.
Accounting information system	example architecture ais typically follows multitier architecture separating presentation user application processing data management distinct layers.presentation layer manages information displayed viewed functional users system mobile devices web browsers client application.entire system backed centralized database stores data.include transactional data generated core business processes purchasing inventory accounting static master data referenced processing data employee customer account records configuration settings.transactions occur data collected business events stored systems database retrieved processed information useful making decisions.
Accounting information system	application layer retrieves raw data held log database layer processes based configured business logic passes onto presentation layer display users.example consider accounts payable department processing invoice.accounting information system accounts payable clerk enters invoice provided vendor system stored database.goods vendor received receipt created also entered ais.accounts payable department pays vendor systems application processing tier performs threeway matching automatically matches amounts invoice amounts receipt initial purchase order.
Accounting information system	match complete email sent accounts payable manager approval.voucher created vendor ultimately paid.advantages implications big advantage computerbased accounting information systems automate streamline reporting develop advanced modelling support data mining.reporting major tool organizations accurately see summarized timely information used decisionmaking financial reporting.accounting information system pulls data centralized database processes transforms ultimately generates summary data information easily consumed analyzed business analysts managers decision makers.
Accounting information system	systems must ensure reports timely decisionmakers acting old irrelevant information rather able act quickly effectively based report results.consolidation one hallmarks reporting people look enormous number transactions.instance end month financial accountant consolidates paid vouchers running report system.systems application layer provides report total amount paid vendors particular month.large corporations generate large volumes transactional data running reports even ais take days even weeks.after wave corporate scandals large companies tyco international enron worldcom major emphasis put enforcing public companies implement strong internal controls transactionbased systems.
Accounting information system	made law passage sarbanes–oxley act stipulated companies must generate internal control report stating responsible organizations internal control structure outlines overall effectiveness controls.since scandals rooted companies accounting practices much emphasis sarbanes oxley put computerbased accounting information systems.today ais vendors tout governance risk management compliance features ensure business processes robust protected organizations assets including data secured.implementation many large smes adopting cost effective cloudbased accounting information system recent years.looking back years ago organizations even larger ones hire outside consultants either software publisher consultants understand organization work help select implement ideal configuration taking components consideration.the steps implement accounting information system followsdetailed requirements analysiswhere individuals involved system interviewed.current system thoroughly understood including problems complete documentation system—transactions reports questions need answered—are gathered.
Accounting information system	user needs current system outlined documented.users include everyone top management data entry.requirements analysis provides developer specific needs also helps users accept change.users opportunity ask questions provide input much confident receptive change sit back dont express concerns.systems design synthesisthe analysis thoroughly reviewed new system created.system surrounds system often important.
Accounting information system	data needs go system going handled information needs come system going formatted know needs come know need put system.program select need appropriately handle process.system built control files sample master records ability perform processes test basis.system designed include appropriate internal controls provide management information needed make decisions.goal accounting information system provide information relevant meaningful reliable useful current.
Accounting information system	achieve system designed transactions entered occur either manually electronically information immediately available online management.once system designed rfp created detailing requirements fundamental design.vendors asked respond proposal provide demonstrations product specifically respond needs organization.ideally vendor input control files sample master records able show transactions processed result information management needs make decisions.rfp information technology infrastructure follows selection software product software product generally specific requirements infrastructure.sometimes software infrastructure selected vendor.
Accounting information system	organization must ensure vendors work together without pointing fingers issue either software infrastructure.documentationas system designed documented.documentation includes vendor documentation system importantly procedures detailed instructions help users handle process specific organization.documentation procedures online helpful organizations add help instructions provided software vendor.documentation procedures tend afterthought insurance policy tool used testing training—before launch.documentation tested training system launched question works users confident change.testingbefore launch processes tested input output using documentation tool ensure processes thoroughly documented users easily follow procedures know works procedures followed consistently.
Accounting information system	reports reviewed verified theres garbage ingarbage out.done test system yet fully populated live data.unfortunately organizations launch systems thorough testing adding enduser frustration processes dont work.documentation procedures may modified process.identified transactions must tested step.
Accounting information system	reports online information must verified traced audit trail management ensured transactions handled consistently information relied upon make decisions.trainingbefore launch users need trained procedures.means trainer using procedures show end user handle procedures.procedures often need updated training users describe unique circumstances design modified additional information.end user performs procedure trainer documentation.end user performs procedure documentation alone.
Accounting information system	end user support either person phone trainer support person.data conversion.data conversiontools developed convert data current system documented requirements analysis new system.data mapped one system data files created work tools developed.conversion thoroughly tested verified final conversion.theres backup restarted necessary.launchthe system implemented completed.
Accounting information system	entire organization aware launch date.ideally current system retained often run parallel new system full operation working properly.current massmarket software used thousands companies fundamentally proven work parallel run mandatory software tailormade company generally done.true however process followed system thoroughly documented tested users trained launch.toolsonline resources available assist strategic planning accounting information systems.information systems financial forms aid determining specific needs organization well assigning responsibility principles involved.supportthe end users managers ongoing support available times.
Accounting information system	system upgrades follow similar process users thoroughly apprised changes upgraded efficient manner trained.many organizations chose limit time money spent analysis design documentation training move right software selection implementation.detailed requirements analysis performed adequate time spent analysis implementation ongoing support minimal.organizations skip steps ensure system meets needs often left frustrated end users costly support information current correct.worse yet organizations build system three times instead once.evolution accounting information system characterize large amount different approaches methodologies past years.
Accounting information system	due restrictions weaknesses previous models new model evolved.interestingly production newest technique newer recent models evolution eliminate replace older previous technique instantly.however several generations peers systems exists among different institutions organizations groups time possibly exists single institution.similarly uptodate inspector needs aware functioning features ais approaches likely encounter.currently four approaches identified evolved last years.manual process modelflat file modeldatabase model systemrea model resource event agents career many ais professionals work consulting firms large corporations insurance companies financial firms government agencies public accounting firms among types companies.
Accounting information system	technological advancement traditional accounting practice shift accounting information systems practice.accounting information technology professional bodies working new directions accounting programs industry practices.system auditors one top choices past two decades look controls data processing data integrity general operation maintenance security aspects types information systems used businesses.job titles field work include financial manager financial examiner chief financial officer.job titles include computer systems analyst computer information systems manager computer software engineer programmer specializing financial software.there industry associations offer certificates related ais area include cisa ais cissp cia afe cfe citp.
IBM Parallel Sysplex	see also accounting softwarecomparison accounting softwarelist erp software packagesfinal accounts referencesused disaster recovery parallel sysplex combines data sharing parallel computing allow cluster systems share workload high performance high availability.sysplex ibm mainframe computers introduced concept systems complex commonly called sysplex mvsesa spv.. allows authorized components eight logical partitions lpars communicate cooperate using xcf protocol.components sysplex includea common time source synchronize member systems clocks.involve either sysplex timer model server time protocol stpglobal resource serialization grs allows multiple systems access resources concurrently serializing necessary ensure exclusive accesscross system coupling facility xcf allows systems communicate peertopeercouple data sets cdsusers base sysplex include console services – allowing one merge multiple mcs consoles different members sysplex providing single system image operationsautomatic restart manager arm – policy direct automatic restart failed jobs started tasks system available another lpar sysplexsysplex failure manager sfm – policy specifies automated actions take certain failures occur loss member sysplex reconfiguring systemsworkload manager wlm – policy based performance management heterogeneous workloads across one zos images even aixglobal resource serialization grs communication – allows use xcf links instead dedicated channels grs dynamic rnlstivoli opc – hot standby support controllerracf ibms mainframe security software product – sysplexwide rvary setropts commandspdse file sharingmultisystem vlfnote sdump slip daeresource measurement facility rmf – sysplexwide reportingcics – uses xcf provide better performance response time using vtam transaction routing function shipping.zfs – using xcf communication access data across multiple lpars parallel sysplex ibm introduced parallel sysplex addition coupling facility cf new models upgrades exiting models coupling links high speed communication mvsesa sp v. operating system support april .the coupling facility cf may reside dedicated standalone server configured processors run coupling facility control code cfcc integral processors mainframes configured icfs internal coupling facilities less common normal lpars.cf contains lock list cache structures help serialization message passing buffer consistency multiple lpars.the primary goal parallel sysplex provide data sharing capabilities allowing multiple databases direct reads writes shared data.provide benefits help remove single points failure within server lpar subsystemsapplication availabilitysingle system imagedynamic session balancingdynamic transaction routingscalable capacitydatabases running system z server take advantage include dbibm information management system ims.vsam vsarmrlsidmsadabasdatacomoracleother components use coupling facility help system management performance reduced hardware requirements.
IBM Parallel Sysplex	called “resource sharing” uses include catalog – shared catalogs improve performance reducing io catalog data set diskcics – using cf provide sharing recovery capabilities named counters data tables transient datadfsmshsm – workload balancing data migration workloadgrs star – reduced cpu response time performance data set allocation.tape switching uses grs structure provide sharing tape units zos images.dynamic chpid management dcm io priority managementjes checkpoint – provides improved access multisystem checkpointoperlog logrec – merged multisystem logs system managementracf – shared data set simplify security management across parallel sysplexwebsphere mq – shared message queues availability flexibilitywlm provides support intelligent resource director ird extends zos workload manager help manage cpu io resources across multiple lpars within parallel sysplex.functions include lpar cpu management ird.multisystem enclave management improved performance xcf star – reduced hardware requirements simplified management xcf communication pathsmajor components parallel sysplex includecoupling facility cf icf hardware allowing multiple processors share cache update balance data accesssysplex timers recently server time protocol synchronize clocks member systemshigh speed high quality redundant cablingsoftware operating system services usually middleware db.the coupling facility may either dedicated external system small mainframe system z bc specially configured coupling facility processors integral processors mainframes configured icfs internal coupling facilities.recommended least one external cf used parallel sysplex.recommended parallel sysplex least two cfs andor icfs redundancy especially production data sharing environment.
IBM Parallel Sysplex	server time protocol stp replaced sysplex timers beginning system z mainframe models z newer.sysplex timer physically separate piece hardware mainframe whereas stp integral facility within mainframes microcode.with stp icfs possible construct complete parallel sysplex installation two connected mainframes.moreover single mainframe contain internal equivalent complete physical parallel sysplex useful application testing development purposes.the ibm systems journal dedicated full issue technology components.server time protocol maintaining accurate time important computer systems.example transactionprocessing system recovery process reconstructs transaction data log files.
IBM Parallel Sysplex	time stamps used transactiondata logging time stamps two related transactions transposed actual sequence reconstruction transaction database may match state recovery process.server time protocol stp used provide single time source multiple servers.based network time protocol concepts one system z servers designated hmc primary time source stratum .sends timing signals stratum servers use coupling links.stratum servers turn send timing signals stratum servers.
IBM Parallel Sysplex	provide availability one servers designated backup time source third server designated arbiter assist backup time server determining take role primary exception conditions.stp available system z servers since .more information stp available “server time protocol planning guide”.geographically dispersed parallel sysplex geographically dispersed parallel sysplex gdps extension parallel sysplex mainframes located potentially different cities.gdps includes configurations single site multiple site configurationsgdps hyperswap manager based synchronous peer peer remote copy pprc technology use within single data center.data copied primary storage device secondary storage device.event failure primary storage device system automatically makes secondary storage device primary usually without disrupting running applications.gdps metro based synchronous data mirroring technology pprc used mainframes kilometres mi apart.
IBM Parallel Sysplex	twosystem model sites administered one system.event failure system storage device recovery occur automatically limited data loss.gdps global xrc based asynchronous extended remote copy xrc technology restrictions distance.xrc copies data storage devices two sites seconds data may lost event failure.failure occur user must initiate recovery process.initiated process automatic recovering secondary storage devices reconfiguring systems.gdps global gm based asynchronous ibm global mirror technology restrictions distance.
IBM Parallel Sysplex	designed recovery total failure one site.activate secondary storage devices backup systems.gdps metro global gm configuration systems two systemssites purposes disaster recovery.based gdps metro together gdps global gm.gdps metro global xrc configuration systems two systemssites purposes disaster recovery.based gdps metro together gdps global xrc.gdps continuous availability disaster recovery continuous availability solution based two sites separated unlimited distances running applications data provide crosssite workload balancing.ibm multisite workload lifeline monitoring workload routing plays integral role gdps continuous availability solution.
Posterous	see also system zlpar references external links ibm parallel sysplex siteibm gdps pagesupported integrated automatic posting social media tools flickr twitter facebook builtin google analytics package custom themes.based san francisco funded combinator.updating posterous similar blogging platforms.posting could done logging websites rich text editor particularly designed mobile blogging.mobile methods include sending email attachments photos mps documents video links files.many social media pundits considered posterous leading free application lifestreaming.
Posterous	platform received wide attention leading social media expert steve rubel declared moving blogging activity entirely posterous.posterous also url shortening service march could post twitter.posterous allowed users point dns listing domain name subdomain already owned posterous account allowing site hosted posterous used domain name.in january thesix posterousbased storytelling project launched.nominated webby award .posterous shut april acquired twitter previous year.email spoofing posterous allowed posting content directly ones blog via email choosing put content based return address email.feature convenient return email addresses easily spoofed allowing malicious users post unwanted content another persons blog.posterous claimed could filter messages actually sent account holder means besides return address.
Posterous	publish methods appears used combination spfchecking filters email headers verify email client machine emails sent similar previously verified emails.posterous offer options user require confirmation posts matter sends them.in june blog post techcrunch challenged readers try spoof authors posterous blog.three posters successful quite attempts posterous quickly fixed security hole allowed posts go through.mobile august posterous launched picposterous iphone application quickly posting photos posterous page.in january posterous launched app android platform supported different phone models.shutdown posterous agreed shut march announced much team acquired twitter.on february posterous announced would shutting service april .
Posterous	users would able back export contents blogging platforms.following shutdown posterous urls displayed bye page showing image astronaut spanner satellite.may posterous founders developing similar paid service called posthaven.posterous api shut posterous users could export data new posthaven account.posthaven pledged would never acquired looking investors.
IPod	see also combinator references external links official websiteposthaventh generation ipod touch remains production.like digital music players versions ipod serve external data storage devices.prior macos .apples itunes software alternative software could used transfer music photos videos games contact information email settings web bookmarks calendars devices supporting features computers using certain versions apple macos microsoft windows operating systems.before release ios ipod branding used media player included iphone ipad separated apps named music videos ipod touch.ios separate music videos apps standardized across iospowered products.iphone ipad essentially media player capabilities ipod line generally treated separate products.
IPod	middle iphone sales overtook ipod.history portable mp players around since mid apple found existing digital music players big clunky small useless user interfaces unbelievably awful.apple thought flash memorybased players didnt carry enough songs hard drive based ones big heavy company decided develop own.as ordered ceo steve jobs apples hardware engineering chief jon rubinstein contacted tony fadell former employee general magic philips business idea invent better mp player build music sales store complement it.fadell previously developed philips velo nino pda started company called fuse systems build mp player turned realnetworks sony philips.rubinstein already discovered toshiba hard disk drive meeting apple supplier japan purchased rights apple also already worked screen battery key elements would work.fadell found support project apple computer hired apple independent contractor work ipod project codenamed project p. due engineers resources apple constrained imac line fadell hired engineers startup company fuse veteran engineers general magic philips build core ipod development team.time constraints forced fadell develop various components ipod outside apple.
IPod	fadell partnered company called portalplayer design software new apple music player became ipod os.within eight months tony fadells team portalplayer completed prototype.power supply designed michael dhuey display design made apple design engineer jonathan ive inhouse.aesthetic inspired braun transistor radio designed dieter rams wheelbased user interface prompted bang olufsens beocom telephone.apple contracted another company pixo help design implement user interface well unicode memory management event processing direct supervision steve jobs.steve jobs said dropped prototype aquarium infront engineers demonstrate bubbles leaving housing internal space saved.the name ipod proposed vinnie chieco freelance copywriter others called apple figure introduce new player public.chieco saw prototype thought movie space odyssey phrase open pod bay doors hal refers white eva pods discovery one spaceship.
IPod	chieco saw analogy relationship spaceship smaller independent pods relationship personal computer music player.the product fortune called apples stcentury walkman developed less one year unveiled october .jobs announced maccompatible product gb hard drive put songs pocket.apple researched trademark found already use.joseph n. grasso new jersey originally listed ipod trademark u.s. patent trademark office uspto july internet kiosks.first ipod kiosks demonstrated public new jersey march commercial use began january apparently discontinued .trademark registered uspto november grasso assigned apple computer inc. .the earliest recorded use commerce ipod trademark chrysalis corp. sturgis michigan styled ipod office furniture.as development progressed apple continued refine softwares look feel rewriting much code.
IPod	starting ipod mini chicago font replaced espy sans.later ipods switched fonts podium sans—a font similar apples corporate font myriad.color display ipods adopted mac os x themes like aqua progress bars brushed metal meant evoke combination lock.in apple modified ipod interface introduction sixthgeneration ipod classic thirdgeneration ipod nano changing font helvetica cases splitting screen half displaying menus left album artwork photos videos right whichever appropriate selected item.in apple irish rock band u presented special edition thgeneration ipod.like predecessor ipod signatures four members band engraved back one first time company changed color stainless steel back silver chrome black.ipod available gb storage capacity.
IPod	special edition entitled purchasers exclusive video minutes interviews performance u downloadable itunes store.in mid several new color schemes current ipod models spotted latest version itunes .. belgian website belgium iphone originally found images plugging ipod first time subsequent leaked photos found pierre dandumont.on july apple removed ipod nano shuffle stores marking end apple producing standalone music players.currently ipod touch ipod produced apple.hardware audio thirdgeneration ipod weak bass response shown audio tests.combination undersized dcblocking capacitors typical low impedance consumer headphones form highpass filter attenuates lowfrequency bass output.similar capacitors used fourthgeneration ipods.
IPod	problem reduced using highimpedance headphones completely masked driving highimpedance line level loads external headphone amplifier.firstgeneration ipod shuffle uses dualtransistor output stage rather single capacitorcoupled output exhibit reduced bass response load.for ipods released earlier equalizer eq sound settings would distort bass sound far easily even undemanding songs.would happen eq settings like rb rock acoustic bass booster equalizer amplified digital audio level beyond softwares limit causing distortion clipping bass instruments.from fifthgeneration ipod apple introduced userconfigurable volume limit response concerns hearing loss.users report sixthgeneration ipod maximum volume output level limited db eu markets.apple previously remove ipods shelves france exceeding legal limit.
IPod	however users bought new sixthgeneration ipod late reported new option allowed disable eu volume limit.said new ipods came updated software allowed change.older sixthgeneration ipods however unable update software version.connectivity originally firewire connection host computer used update songs recharge battery.battery could also charged power adapter included first four generations.the third generation began including pin dock connector allowing firewire usb connectivity.
IPod	provided better compatibility nonapple machines firewire ports time.eventually apple began shipping ipods usb cables instead firewire although latter available separately.firstgeneration ipod nano fifthgeneration ipod classic apple discontinued using firewire data transfer still allowing use firewire charge device attempt reduce cost form factor.secondgeneration ipod touch fourthgeneration ipod nano firewire charging ability removed.second third fourthgeneration ipod shuffle uses single .
IPod	mm minijack phone connector acts headphone jack usb data charging port dockcable.the dock connector also allowed ipod connect accessories often supplement ipods music video photo playback.apple sells accessories nowdiscontinued ipod hifi manufactured third parties belkin griffin.peripherals use interface others use ipods screen.dock connector proprietary interface implementation interface requires paying royalties apple.apple introduced new pin dock connector named lightning september announcement iphone fifthgeneration ipod touch seventhgeneration ipod nano feature it.new connector replaces older pin dock connector used older ipods iphones ipads.
IPod	apple lightning cables pins sides plug inserted either side facing up.bluetooth connectivity added last model ipod nano wifi ipod touch.accessories many accessories made ipod line.large number made thirdparty companies although many ipod hifi ipod socks made apple.accessories add extra features music players sound recorders fm radio tuners wired remote controls audiovisual cables tv connections.accessories offer unique features like nikeipod pedometer ipod camera connector.
IPod	notable accessories include external speakers wireless remote controls protective case screen films wireless earphones.among first accessory manufacturers griffin technology belkin jbl bose monster cable sendstation.bmw released first ipod automobile interface allowing drivers newer bmw vehicles control ipod using either builtin steering wheel controls radio headunit buttons.apple announced similar systems would available vehicle brands including mercedesbenz volvo nissan toyota alfa romeo ferrari acura audi honda renault infiniti volkswagen.scion offers standard ipod connectivity cars.some independent stereo manufacturers including jvc pioneer kenwood alpine sony harman kardon also ipodspecific integration solutions.alternative connection methods include adapter kits use cassette deck cd changer port audio input jacks fm transmitters itrip—although personal fm transmitters illegal countries.
IPod	many car manufacturers added audio input jacks standard.beginning mid four major airlines united continental delta emirates reached agreements install ipod seat connections.free service allow passengers power charge ipod view video music libraries individual seatback displays.originally klm air france reported part deal apple later released statements explaining contemplating possibility incorporating systems.software ipod line play several audio file formats including mp aacma protected aac aiff wav audible audiobook apple lossless.ipod photo introduced ability display jpeg bmp gif tiff png image file formats.
IPod	fifth sixthgeneration ipod classic models well thirdgeneration ipod nano models also play mpeg h.mpeg avc quicktime video formats restrictions video dimensions encoding techniques data rates.originally ipod software worked classic mac os macos ipod software microsoft windows launched secondgeneration model.unlike media players apple support microsofts wma audio format—but converter wma files without digital rights management drm provided windows version itunes.midi files also cannot played converted audio files using advanced menu itunes.alternative opensource audio formats ogg vorbis flac supported without installing custom firmware onto ipod e.g.
IPod	rockbox.during installation ipod associated one host computer.time ipod connects host computer itunes synchronize entire music libraries music playlists either automatically manually.song ratings set ipod synchronized later itunes library vice versa.user access play add music second computer ipod set manual automatic sync anything added edited reversed upon connecting syncing main computer library.user wishes automatically sync music another computer ipods library entirely wiped replaced computers library.
IPod	interface ipods color displays use antialiased graphics text sliding animations.ipods except rdgeneration ipod shuffle th th generation ipod nano ipod touch five buttons later generations buttons integrated click wheel – innovation gives uncluttered minimalist interface.buttons perform basic functions menu play pause next track previous track.operations scrolling menu items controlling volume performed using click wheel rotational manner.rdgeneration ipod shuffle controls actual player instead small control earphone cable volumeup buttons single button play pause next track etc.
IPod	ipod touch clickwheel instead uses touch screen along home button sleepwake button second third generations ipod touch volumeup buttons.user interface ipod touch identical iphone.differences include lack phone application.devices use ios.itunes store itunes store introduced april online media store run apple accessed itunes.
IPod	store became market leader soon launch apple announced sale videos store october .fulllength movies became available september .at time store introduced purchased audio files used aac format added encryption based fairplay drm system.five authorized computers unlimited number ipods could play files.burning files itunes audio cd reimporting would create music files without drm.drm could also removed using thirdparty software.
IPod	however deal apple emi began selling drmfree higherquality songs itunes stores category called itunes plus.individual songs made available cost us.¢ cost regular drm song entire albums available price us.drm encoded albums.october apple lowered cost individual itunes plus songs us.
IPod	per song drm encoded tracks.january apple announced drm removed music catalog would removed music april .ipods cannot play music files competing music stores use rivaldrm technologies like microsofts protected wma realnetworks helix drm.example stores include napster msn music.realnetworks claims apple creating problems using fairplay lock users using itunes store.steve jobs stated apple makes little profit song sales although apple uses store promote ipod sales.
IPod	however ipods also play music files online stores use drm emusic amie street.universal music group decided renew contract itunes store july .universal supply itunes capacity.apple debuted itunes wifi music store september media event entitled beat goes on.... service allows users access music store either iphone ipod touch download songs directly device synced users itunes library wifi connection case iphone telephone network.games video games playable various versions ipods.original ipod game brick originally invented apples cofounder steve wozniak included easter egg hidden feature later firmware versions added menu option.later revisions ipod added three games parachute solitaire music quiz.in september itunes store began offer additional games purchase launch itunes compatible fifth generation ipod ipod software .
IPod	later.games bejeweled cubis mahjong mini golf pacman tetris texas hold em vortex asphalt elite racing zuma.additional games since added.games work th th generation ipod classic th th generation ipod nano.with third parties like namco square enix electronic arts sega hudson soft making games ipod apples mp player taken steps towards entering video game handheld console market.even video game magazines like gamepro egm reviewed rated games late.the games form .ipg files actually .zip archives disguise.
IPod	unzipped reveal executable files along common audio image files leading possibility third party games.apple publicly released software development kit sdk ipodspecific development.apps produced iphone sdk compatible ios ipod touch iphone cannot run click wheelbased games.file storage transfer ipods except ipod touch function disk mode mass storage devices store data files may default behavior.ipod formatted mac os computer uses hfs file system format allows serve boot disk mac computer.
IPod	formatted windows fat format used.release windowscompatible ipod default file system used ipod line switched hfs fat although reformatted either file system excluding ipod shuffle strictly fat.generally new ipod excluding ipod shuffle initially plugged computer running windows formatted fat initially plugged mac running mac os formatted hfs.unlike many mp players simply copying audio video files drive typical file management application allow ipod properly access them.user must use software specifically designed transfer media files ipods files playable viewable.usually itunes used transfer media ipod though several alternative thirdparty applications available number different platforms.itunes transfer purchased media itunes store ipod computer provided computer containing drm protected media authorized play it.media files stored ipod hidden folder along proprietary database file.
IPod	hidden content accessed host operating system enabling hidden files shown.media files recovered manually copying files folders ipod.many thirdparty applications also allow easy copying media files ipod.models features suffix classic introduced sixth generation applied retroactively generic ipods clarity.patent disputes apple faced two lawsuits claiming patent infringement ipod line associated technologies advanced audio devices claimed ipod line breached patent music jukebox hong kongbased ip portfolio company called patrights filed suit claiming apples fairplay technology breached patent issued inventor ho keung tse.
IPod	latter case also includes online music stores sony realnetworks napster musicmatch defendants.apples application united states patent trademark office patent rotational user inputs used ipod interface received third nonfinal rejection nfr august .also august creative technology one apples main rivals mp player market announced held patent part music selection interface used ipod line creative technology dubbed zen patent granted august .may creative filed another suit apple united states district court northern district california.creative also asked united states international trade commission investigate whether apple breaching u.s. trade laws importing ipods united states.on august apple creative announced broad settlement end legal disputes.apple pay creative us million paidup license use creatives awarded patent apple products.
IPod	part agreement apple recoup part payment creative successful licensing patent.creative announced intention produce ipod accessories joining made ipod program.sales january hewlettpackard hp announced would sell hpbranded ipods license agreement apple.several new retail channels used—including walmart—and ipods eventually made ipod sales.july hp stopped selling ipods due unfavorable terms conditions imposed apple.in january apple reported record quarterly revenue us.
IPod	billion made ipod sales.on april announced apple sold onehundred millionth ipod making bestselling digital music player time.april apple reported secondquarter revenue us.billion made ipod sales.apple several industry analysts suggest ipod users likely purchase apple products mac computers.on october apple reported quarterly revenue us.billion .
IPod	came apple notebook sales .desktop sales ipod sales.apples year revenue increased us.billion us.billion profits.
IPod	apple ended fiscal year us.billion cash debt.on january apple reported best quarter revenue earnings apples history far.apple posted record revenue us.billion record net quarterly profit us.billion.
IPod	apples revenue first fiscal quarter came ipod sales followed notebook sales desktop sales.on october apple reported .total revenue fiscal quarter year came ipods.september keynote presentation apple event phil schiller announced total cumulative sales ipods exceeded million.continual decline ipod sales since surprising trend apple corporation apple cfo peter oppenheimer explained june expect traditional mp players decline time cannibalize ipod touch iphone.since companys ipod sales continually decreased every financial quarter new model introduced onto market.as september apple reported total number ipods sold worldwide million.
IPod	market share since october ipod line dominated digital music player sales united states market hard drivebased players market types players.year january january high rate sales caused u.s. market share increase july market share measured .january ipod market share reached .according bloomberg online.japanese market ipod market share albeit still leader there.
IPod	europe apple also led market especially uk local brands archos managed outsell apple certain categories.one reasons ipods early success released three years first digital audio player namely mpman seamless integration companys itunes software ecosystem built around itunes music store well competitive price.result apple achieved dominance mp player market sonys walkman personal cassette players two decades earlier.software computer player made easy transfer music synchronize tasks considered difficult preipod mp players like rio creative.some ipods chief competitors pinnacle include creatives zen sonys walkman iriver cowons iaudio others.ipods dominance challenged numerous times november creatives ceo declared war ipod year sonys first hard disk walkman designed take ipod accompanied music store sony connect microsoft initially attempted compete using software platform called portable media center later years designed zune line.competitors failed make major dents apple remained dominant fast growing digital audio player market decade.
IPod	mobile phone manufacturers nokia sony ericsson also made music phones rival ipod.apples popular itunes store catalog played part keeping apple firmly market leader also helped mismanagement others sonys unpopular sonicstage software.one notable exception ipod faring well south korea apple held small market share less compared market leaders iriver samsung cowon.as ipod held market share global mp players.closest competitor noted sansa line sandisk.industry impact ipods several awards ranging engineering excellence innovative audio product fourth best computer product .ipods often receive favorable reviews scoring looks clean design ease use.
IPod	pc world wrote ipod line altered landscape portable audio players.several industries modifying products work better ipod line aac audio format.examples include cd copyprotection schemes mobile phones phones sony ericsson nokia play aac files rather wma.besides earning reputation respected entertainment device ipod also accepted business device.government departments major institutions international organizations turned ipod line delivery mechanism business communication training royal western infirmaries glasgow scotland ipods used train new staff.ipods also gained popularity use education.apple offers information educational uses ipods website including collection lesson plans.
IPod	also academic research done area nursing education general k education.duke university provided ipods incoming freshmen fall ipod program continues today modifications.entertainment weekly put endofthedecade bestof list saying yes children really time roamed earth without thousands favorite jams tucked comfortably hip pockets.weird.the ipod also credited accelerating shifts within music industry.ipods popularization digital music storage allows users abandon listening entire albums instead able choose specific singles hastened end album era popular music.
IPod	criticism battery problems advertised battery life models different realworld achievable life.example fifthgeneration gb ipod classic advertised hours music playback.however mp.com report stated virtually unachievable reallife usage conditions writer site getting average less hours ipod.class action lawsuits brought apple complaining battery charges lasted shorter lengths time stated battery degraded time.lawsuits settled offering individuals first secondgeneration ipods either us store credit free battery replacement offering individuals thirdgeneration ipods extended warranty would allow get replacement ipod experienced battery problems.as instance planned obsolescence ipod batteries designed removed replaced user although users able open case usually following instructions thirdparty vendors ipod replacement batteries.
IPod	compounding problem apple initially would replace wornout batteries.official policy customer buy refurbished replacement ipod cost almost equivalent brand new one.lithiumion batteries lose capacity lifetime even use guidelines available prolonging lifespan situation led market thirdparty battery replacement kits.apple announced battery replacement program november week high publicity stunt website neistat brothers.initial cost us lowered us .one week later apple offered extended ipod warranty us.
IPod	ipod nano soldering tools needed battery soldered onto main board.fifth generation ipods battery attached backplate adhesive.the first generation ipod nano may overheat pose health safety risk.affected ipod nanos sold september december .due flawed battery used apple single battery manufacturer.apple recommended owners affected ipod nanos stop using them.
IPod	apple product replacement program affected nanos replaced current generation nanos free charge.reliability durability ipods criticized alleged short lifespan fragile hard drives.survey conducted macintouch website found ipod line average failure rate .although note comments respondents indicate true ipod failure rate may lower appears.concluded models durable others.
IPod	particular failure rates ipods employing hard drives usually flash memory failure rate .late many users complained surface firstgeneration ipod nano become scratched easily rendering screen unusable.classaction lawsuit also filed.apple initially considered issue minor defect later began shipping ipods protective sleeves.labor disputes june british tabloid mail sunday reported ipods mainly manufactured workers earn us per month work hour shifts.
IPod	apple investigated case independent auditors found plants labor practices met apples code conduct others employees worked hours week time worked six consecutive days time.foxconn apples manufacturer initially denied abuses auditing team apple found workers working longer hours allowed chinese law promised prevent workers working hours code allowed.apple hired workplace standards auditing company verité joined electronic industry code conduct implementation group oversee measures.december workers foxconn factory longhua shenzhen formed union affiliated allchina federation trade unions chinese governmentapproved union umbrella organization.in number workers committed suicide foxconn operations china.apple hp others stated investigating situation.foxconn guards videotaped beating employees.
ANSI device numbers	another employee killed apple prototype went missing claimed messages friends beaten interrogated.as ipod produced workers u.s. overseas.salaries attributed product overwhelmingly distributed highly skilled u.s. professionals opposed lowerskilled u.s. retail employees overseas manufacturing labor.one interpretation result u.s. innovation create jobs overseas domestically.timeline models see also comparison portable media playerscomparison ipod managersiphonepodcastipad notes references external links ipod – official site apple inc.ipod troubleshooting basics service faq apple inc.apples st century walkman article brent schlender fortune november ipod nation article wayback machine archived october steven levy newsweek july perfect thing article steven levy wired november ipod st generation complete disassembly takeitapart.comtypes devices protect electrical systems components damage unwanted event occurs electrical fault.device numbers used identify functions devices shown schematic diagram.function descriptions given standard.one physical device may correspond one function number example isolating contactor single physical device may many function numbers associated numerical protective relay.suffix prefix letters may added specify purpose function device.
ANSI device numbers	ansiieee c. one continuing series revisions standard originated american institute electrical engineers standard no..list device numbers acronyms suffixes prefixes suffix letter number may used device number example suffix n used device connected neutral wire example n relay used protection neutral displacement suffixes xyz used auxiliary devices.similarly g suffix denote ground hence g time overcurrent ground relay.g suffix also mean generator hence g generator differential protective relay transformer differential protective relay.
ANSI device numbers	f denote field generator fuse protective fuse pickup transformer.suffix numbers used distinguish multiple devices equipment – –.device numbers may combined device provides multiple functions instantaneous timedelay overcurrent relay denoted .for device suffix letters define device first suffix letter serial e ethernet.subsequent letters c security processing function e.g.vpn encryption f firewall message filter network managed function r rotor switch telephone component.thus managed ethernet switch would esm.
Tax withholding	references ieee standard electrical power system device function numbers acronyms contact designations ieee std c.tax thus withheld deducted income due recipient.jurisdictions tax withholding applies employment income.many jurisdictions also require withholding taxes payments interest dividends.jurisdictions additional tax withholding obligations recipient income resident different jurisdiction circumstances withholding tax sometimes applies royalties rent even sale real estate.governments use tax withholding means combat tax evasion sometimes impose additional tax withholding requirements recipient delinquent filing tax returns industries tax evasion perceived common.typically withheld tax treated payment account recipients final tax liability withholding made advance.
Tax withholding	may refunded determined tax return filed recipients tax liability less tax withheld additional tax may due determined recipients tax liability tax withheld.cases withheld tax treated discharging recipients tax liability tax return additional tax required.withholding known final withholding.amount tax withheld income payments employment income usually fixed percentage.case employment income amount withheld tax often based estimate employees final tax liability determined either employee government.
Tax withholding	basics governments written laws require taxes paid money spent purpose.ensures taxes paid first paid time rather risk possibility taxpayer might default time tax falls due arrears.typically withholding required done employer someone else taking tax payment funds employee contractors salary wages.withheld taxes paid employer government body requires payment applied account employee applicable.employee may also required government file tax return selfassessing ones tax reporting withheld payments.income taxes wage withholding developed countries operate wage withholding tax system.
Tax withholding	countries subnational governments require wage withholding national subnational taxes may withheld.u.s. canada others federal state provincial governments well local governments require withholding income taxes payments employers employees.income tax individual year generally determined upon filing tax return end year.the amount withheld paid employer government applied prepayment income taxes refundable exceeds income tax liability determined filing tax return.systems employee generally must make representation employer regarding factors would influence amount withheld.generally tax authorities publish guidelines employers use determining amount income tax withhold wages.the united kingdom certain jurisdictions operate withholding tax system known payasyouearn paye although term withholding tax commonly used uk.
Tax withholding	unlike many withholding tax systems paye systems generally aim collect employees tax liability withholding tax system making end year tax return redundant.however taxpayers complicated tax affairs must file tax returns.australia operates payasyougo payg system similar paye.system applies federal level individual states collect income taxes.domestic withholding systems require income taxes withheld certain payments wages made domestic persons.ireland requires withholding tax payments interest deposits banks building societies individuals.
Tax withholding	u.s. requires payers dividends interest reportable payments individuals withhold tax payments certain circumstances.australia requires payers interest dividends payments withhold amount payee provide tax file number australian business number payer.india enforces withholding tax also payments companies companies individuals tax deducted source tds system.since april united kingdom discontinued withholding tax interest dividends though cases income become liable taxation means.rwanda charges withholding tax business payments unless paying company obtains proof recipient registered tax administration recent income tax declaration.
Tax withholding	social insurance taxes social security many countries andor subdivisions thereof social insurance systems require payment taxes retirement annuities medical coverage retirees.systems require employers pay tax cover benefits.systems also require employees pay taxes.where employees required pay tax generally withheld payment wages paid employer government.social insurance tax rates may different employers employees.systems provide upper limit amount wages subject social insurance taxes.
Tax withholding	international withholding countries require payers interest dividends royalties nonresident payees generally nondomestic postal address payers records withhold payment amount specific rate.payments rent may also subject withholding tax may taxed business income.amounts may vary type income.jurisdictions treat fees paid technical consulting services royalties subject withholding tax.income tax treaties may reduce amount tax particular types income paid one country residents country.some countries require withholding purchaser real property.
Tax withholding	u.s. imposes withholding tax amount realized connection sale u.s. real property interest unless advance irs approval obtained lower rate.canada imposes similar rules withholding withholding sale business real property price may reduced application.the european union issued directives prohibiting taxation companies one member state dividends subsidiaries member state except cases interest debt obligations royalties received resident another member nation.procedures vary obtaining reduced withholding tax income tax treaties.procedures recovery excess amounts withheld vary jurisdiction.recovery made filing tax return year income received.time limits recovery vary greatly.taxes withheld may eligible foreign tax credit payees home country.
Tax withholding	remittance tax authorities withholding tax systems require withheld taxes remitted tax authorities within specified time limits time limits may vary withheld amount.remittance electronic funds transfer may required preferred.penalties delay failure remit withheld taxes tax authorities severe.sums withheld business regarded debt tax authority bankruptcy business tax authority stands unsecured creditor however sometimes tax authority legislative priority creditors.reporting nearly systems imposing withholding tax requirements also require reporting amounts withheld specified manner.copies reporting usually required provided person tax imposed levying government.
Boot image control	reporting generally required annually amounts withheld respect wages.reporting requirements payments vary jurisdictions requiring annual reporting others requiring reporting within specified period withholding occurs.see also international taxeuropean union withholding taxtax withholding united statespayasyouearn taxtax deduction source references external links withholding tax rates european countrieslarge corporation government agency.considered part enterprise application integration larger shops use term since applications part boot image modify boot image desktop os.windows vista includes tools boot image control displacing thirdparty tools.mac os always flexible handling boot drives simplifying control reducing need move boot images around drives.increasingly boot image control network operating system function.economics often large computer vendor required explain bid response rfp intend simplify purchasers boot image control problems attendant service coststhe total cost ownership correlates strongly total number different images total number computers major cost concern.
Boot image control	three basic strategies commonly adviseda single base boot image type computer organization customized user central controla thin client strategy smallest possible boot image used typically one include full operating systema departmental boot image strategy base boot image customized applications fit group users users ability upgrade alter configurations thin client strategies organizations closely track control set common standards acquisition new computer hardware typically practice thin client strategy.which strategy reduce total cost operations depends several factorswhether capabilities full operating system required thin clientwhether applications inflexible software licenses use must paid used even installedwhether poorlybehaved applications interact badly uselan removable disk limits make easy difficult reimaging demand complex departmental boot images departmental boot image strategy seems flexible complexity creating managing several large boot images determining department needs upgrade applications easily outweigh these.especially users object try subvert discipline waiting regular boot turn upgrade machines once.user allowed discipline soon degrades effectively bunch home computer whose issues really diagnosable comparable other.situation thin clients may become practical answermany organizations use thin clients applications require high security involve unreliable users repurpose older machines continued use.much simplifies boot image control facilitating centralized management computers many advantagessince servers manage clients local environment highly restricted often stateless providing protection malware support costs reducedsince application data typically resides thin client entirely rendered securely stored network drives upon creationsince disk application memory processors minimal thin client hardware go obsolete slowly cost much lesssince useful ordinary computers less interest thieveswhile control images simpler disadvantages.
Boot image control	thin clientsrequire network bandwidthrequire host computer power must typically served much larger host boxestypically cannot run arbitrary windows linux mac softwareperform poorly multimedia applications games advantage many business environmentsmany organizations try gain advantages thin clients without disadvantages treating many standard machines terminals much greater capabilities.buy new computers put demanding applications those.boot turns reimaging administrators perform regular often biannual boot turn reimages many older offspec machines new hardware deployed higherend use.procedure called cascading oldest hardware repurposed simpler software let continue use less demanding accesscontrolled applications subjects much rigorous control minimize number images.the total cost operations correlates strongly total number different images total number computers.minimize number images requires additional disciplinespecify computer hardware minimize unneeded machine diversity minimize resultant number boot images.upgrade new machine specifications low additional cost remain useful longer reduce incursion offspec machines later lifecycle improve standardization reduce support costs minimize ewaste longer lifecyclesorganize network boot images efficiently supported swapped independent data.data must dependent boot devices use networks store data secure servers data recovery literally never required even disaster recovery situationconfirm hardware acceptance testing new machine runs standard boot imageany machine must considered dead arrivala strict installation regime ensure supportable standardized boot images used machines connect network first time nonstandard image detected rejecteddiagnostics troubleshooting help desk technical support staff employ standardized tests identify source problems boot software hardwareideally backups hand boot image even spare identical computers quickly booted boot device question determine hard disk computer softwareimage problem.common desktop system recovery tools procedures failed desktop units typically using backup copies boot image created utilitiesrapid network recovery procedures replace backup boot image minutes less considerable cost savings using dvd cd floppy disk media require human attentionensure computer accessibility features every departmental boot image require thin client hardware software accommodate users manner ubiquitous cost effective.support telework secure offsite system access procedures standard boot imageencourage teleworkers buy identical machines office use thin clients exclusivelyfacilitate worker transfer changing boots authorizations instead moving actual computerinstall thin clients offspec machines eliminate need special boot images subsequent diagnostic problems data risks.
Boot image control	open configuration semantic services desktop computing increasingly relying web services making thin client approach viable.departmental boot images may remain simply instantiate part semantic serviceoriented architecture especially larger organizations.service component architecture would simplify implementation control mechanisms especially single application language like java used custom applications enterprise.importantly shift software service large vendors means applications tied machines number variant boot images required applications installed reduced.other open configuration technologies bitfrost openid even xmpp would also simplify configuration boot images authentication would longer dealt desktoplaptop device.vendor support large system vendors increasingly provide dvds boot image standard machine shipped customer usually includes tools diagnose changes machine download drivers.
Infrascale	history founded ken shaw company headquartered el segundo california offices australia india ukraine.datacenters around world including united states canada australia united kingdom india ukraine south africa.in company acquired eversync solutions incto offer cloud onpremises backup archiving disaster recovery solutions.the program received awards various analyst firms publications.redmond channel partners named infrascale best ransomware solution.also gartner named infrascale leader draas magic quadrant.gartner named infrascale visionary disaster recovery magic quadrant business continuity cool vendor.
ATM SafetyPIN software	crn named infrascale one coolest cloud storage vendors cloud .features features include failover continuous data protection unlimited versioning archiving integrated local backup remote wipe geolocate militarygrade security.available directtocloud offering local onpremises appliance.on january announced partnership google cloud platform deliver faster failover.product editions infrascale comes two versionscloud backup directtocloud backup mobile laptops remote offices without appliances.disaster recovery instantly run systems cloud go due hardware failure natural disaster.infrascale channel focused concentrates heavily selling resellers managed service providers.the infrascale products include several features targeted protecting data asexchange backup granular recoverywindows server backup recoverysharepoint server backup recoverysql server backup recoverylinux backup recoveryunix backup recoverynovell netware backup recoverysolaris backup recovery see also ransomware mitigationmalware protectionoffsite data protectiondisaster recoveryondemand failovercomparison online backup services references external links official websitesystem patented illinois lawyer joseph zingher u.s. patent .safetypin currently used atm systems despite widely circulated rumors originating chain letter email mainly due issues regarding reversible pins incompatible system potential security vulnerabilities could arise implemented.history concept backup emergency pin system duress code atm systems around since least july representative mario biaggi former police officer proposed u.s. congressional record pp.et seq.biaggi proposed house resolution would fbi track problem express kidnappings evaluate idea emergency pin system.hr died committee without debate.zingher successful marketing licenses patent.
ATM SafetyPIN software	police new york new jersey ohio illinois kansas supported concept.police support prompted illinois legislature pass law making mandatory atms illinois.law changed shortly passed followon bill changed meaning exact opposite seeking.in email chain letter hoax circulated claimed reverse pin duress code system place universally.american banker reported january pinreversal duress code used atm date.september hoax still circulating australia textif ever forced robber withdraw money atm notify police entering pin reverse.example pin would put .
ATM SafetyPIN software	atm recognizes pin backwards atm card placed machine.machine still give money requested unknown robber police immediately dispatched help you.information recently broadcast tv states seldom used people dont know exists.please pass along everyone possible.australian federal police.
ATM SafetyPIN software	afp web site http kind email chain letter hoax still circulated tumblr facebook well india parts world.were system implemented palindromic pins would unavailable false alarms would occur.moreover pins semireversible first last numbers would something avoid well accidental alarms would triggered mistakenly switching middle numbers.diebold manufacturer atms states website emergency alerting system currently use.cite article st. louis postdispatch claims bankers oppose reversepin system concerns atm users might hesitate fumble trying enter pins backwards duress possibly increasing chances violence.diebold states would willing support technology customers presumably banks request it.a bill making reverse emergency pin system mandatory atms state illinois proposed february .subsection new bill.i terminal operated state must designed programmed consumer enters personal identification number reverse order terminal automatically sends alarm local law enforcement agency jurisdiction terminal location.

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