Split (1)

train · 173k rows

title stringlengths 1 105	content stringlengths 5 58.1k
Adobe Flash Player	rtmpt also encapsulated within http requests traverse firewalls allow http traffic.tcp support transmission control protocol tcp internet socket communication communicate type server using stream sockets.sockets used via actionscript transfer plain text xml binary data actionscript .later.prevent security issues web servers permit flash content communicate using sockets must host xmlbased cross domain policy file served port .sockets enable programs interface kind server software mysql.
Adobe Flash Player	performance hardware acceleration version flash player support gpu acceleration.version added limited form support shaders materials form pixel bender api still gpuaccelerated vertex processing.significant change came version added new lowlevel api called staged initially codenamed molehill provides full gpu acceleration similar webgl.partial support gpu acceleration pixel bender completely removed flash .resulting disruption projects like mits scratch lacked manpower recode applications quickly enough.current versions flash player optimized use hardware acceleration video playback graphics rendering many devices including desktop computers.
Adobe Flash Player	performance similar html video playback.also flash player used multiple mobile devices primary user interface renderer.compilation although code written actionscript executes times faster prior actionscript adobe actionscript compiler nonoptimizing compiler produces inefficient bytecode resulting swf compared toolkits crossbridge.crossbridge toolkit targets c code run within flash player uses llvm compiler produce bytecode runs times faster code actionscript compiler produces llvm compiler uses aggressive optimization.adobe released actionscript compiler asc flex .onwards improves compilation times optimizes generated bytecode supports method inlining improving performance runtime.as haxe multiplatform language build programs flash player perform faster application built adobe flex sdk compiler.development methods flash player applications games built two significantly different methodsflex applications adobe flex framework integrated collection stylable graphical user interface data manipulation networking components applications built upon termed flex applications.
Adobe Flash Player	startup time reduced since flex framework must downloaded application begins weighs approximately kb.editors include adobe flash builder flashdevelop.pure actionscript applications applications built without flex framework allow greater flexibility performance.video games built flash player typically pureactionscript projects.various opensource component frameworks available pure actionscript projects madcomponents provide ui components significantly smaller swf file sizes.in methods developers access full flash player set functions including text vector graphics bitmap graphics video audio camera microphone others.air also includes added features file system integration native extensions native desktop integration hardware integration connected devices.
Adobe Flash Player	development tools adobe provides five ways developing applications flash playeradobe animate graphic design animation scripting toolsetadobe flash builder enterprise application development debuggingadobe scout visual profiler performance optimizationapache flex free sdk compile flash adobe air applications source code developed adobe donated apache foundationcrossbridge free sdk crosscompile c code run flash playerthirdparty development environments also availableflashdevelop opensource flash actionscript ide includes debugger air applicationspowerflasher fdt commercial actionscript idecodedrive extension microsoft visual studio actionscript development debuggingmtasc compilerhaxe multiplatform language game development adobe offers free adobe gaming sdk consisting august several opensource libraries built flash player staged apis gpuaccelerated graphicsawayd gpuaccelerated graphics animation enginestarling gpuaccelerated graphics mimics flash display list apifeathers gpuaccelerated skinnable gui library built top starlingdragon bones gpuaccelerated skeletal animation librarya commercial game engines target flash player staged runtime environment unity unreal engine .introduction staged number older engines isometric engines like flixel saw heyday.adobe also developed crossbridge toolkit crosscompiles cc code run within flash player using llvm gcc compiler backends highperformance memoryaccess opcodes flash player termed domain memory work inmemory data quickly.crossbridge targeted toward game development industry includes tools building testing debugging cc projects flash player.notable online video games developed flash include angry birds farmville adventurequest started still active .papa louie franchise.availability desktop platforms adobe flash player available two major flavorsthe plugin version use various web browsersthe projector version standalone player open swf files directly.on february adobe announced would longer release new versions npapi flash plugins linux although flash player .
Adobe Flash Player	would continue receive security updates.august adobe announced beginning version resume offering flash player linux browsers.the extended support release esr flash player macos windows version flash player kept date security updates none new features bug fixes available later versions.august adobe discontinued esr branch instead focused solely standard release.version run windows using kernelex.hp offered version player hpux innotek gmbh offered versions os.versions player available point beos.
Adobe Flash Player	mobile platforms flash player emerged de facto standard online video publishing desktop adaptive bitrate video streaming drlm fullscreen support.mobile devices however apple refused allow flash player within inbuilt ios web browser adobe changed strategy enabling flash content delivered native mobile applications using adobe integrated runtime.up flash player available android arm cortexa although june google announced android .codenamed jelly bean would support flash default.august adobe stopped updating flash android.flash player supported select range mobile tablet devices acer blackberry dell htc lenovo logitech lg motorola samsung sharp softbank sony sony ericsson toshiba.adobe stopped browserbased flash player development mobile browsers favor html however adobe continues support flash content mobile devices adobe integrated runtime allows developers publish content runs native applications certain supported mobile phone platforms.adobe said optimize flash use arm architecture armv armv architectures used cortexa series processors arm family release second half .
Adobe Flash Player	company also stated wants enable flash nvidia tegra texas instruments omap samsung arms.beginning announced adobe would bringing flash tv sets via intel media processor ce mid.arm holdings later said welcomes move flash transform mobile applications removes claim desktop controls internet.however may expected armlinux netbook devices poor support web video fragmented software base.among devices leapfrog enterprises provides flash player leapster multimedia learning system extended flash player touchscreen support.version recent version available linuxarmbased nokia nn internet tablets running maemo os.
Adobe Flash Player	versions player available point symbian os palm os.kodak easyshare one includes flash player.the following table documents historical support flash player mobile operating systems hardware cpu emulators created flash player including chip commodore zx spectrum nintendo entertainment system.enable video games created platforms run within flash player.end life adobe announced july would end support normalglobal variant flash player january encouraged developers use html standards place flash.announcement coordinated apple facebook google microsoft mozilla.
Adobe Flash Player	adobe announced major web browsers planned officially remove adobe flash player component december microsoft removed windows os january via windows update.move reduce number flash player installations adobe added time bomb flash disable existing installations january .mid flash player started prompting users uninstall itself.adobe removed existing download links flash installers.january major web browsers including apple safari google chrome microsoft edge mozilla firefox already permanently removed flash support.
Adobe Flash Player	however flash content continues accessible web emulators ruffle varying degrees compatibility performance although endorsed adobe.web browsers google chrome starting chrome flash disabled default without prompts activate flash content.users wanted play flash content manually set browser prompt flash content browser session enable flash plugin every site individually.microsoft edge based chromium follow plan google chrome.google chrome blocked flash plugin date january fully removed browser chrome version released january .mozilla firefox starting firefox flash disabled default without prompts activate flash content.
Adobe Flash Player	play flash content users manually set browser prompt flash content browser session enable flash plugin every site individually.firefox released january completely removed support flash plugin.firefox esr dropped support november firefox esr last version support.microsoft windows october microsoft released update named kb windows .removes embedded adobe flash player component ie edge legacy.
Adobe Flash Player	july update automatically installed security patch.however activex flash player plugin may still used ie update applied.apple safari apple dropped flash player support safari alongside release macos big sur.fallout despite years notice several websites still using flash following december including u.s. securities exchange commission.many resolved weeks deadline.
Adobe Flash Player	however many educational institutions still relied flash educational material path forward replacement.posteol support adobe partnered harman support enterprise flash player users least .harman flash player variant labeled version .x avoid confusion variants.the chinaspecific variant flash supported beyond company known zhongcheng.projector standalone versions variant also work fine outside china include flash helper service however tracking code still seems present.available somewhat hidden debug page.
Adobe Flash Player	addition global variant plugin discontinued users figured modify repack chinaspecific variant bring line global variant.includes removing flash helper service removing china installation restriction along georestrictions tracking code.time bomb similar one found later versions global variant also present unmodified china variant also removed repacks.theory repacks provide users outside china latest security updates flash player without deal invasive advertisements worry privacy risks.one project clean flash installer served dmca takedown adobe october .shortly flash eol south african revenue service sars released custom version chromium browser adobe flash time bomb removed.
Adobe Flash Player	browser access small set sars online pages containing flashbased forms required filing financial reports.internet explorer along ie mode edge continue activex support extension flash player support.firefox forks plan continue npapi support extension flash player support include waterfox basilisk pale moon kmeleon.various chromiumbased chinese browsers also continue support flash player ppapi andor npapi form including limited secure browser.adobe flash player projector despite end general support global variant flash adobe flash player projector also known adobe flash player standalone still available download adobe.continues able play supported flash file formats including swf files.
Adobe Flash Player	content preservation projects internet archive hosts flash content makes playable modern browsers via emulators ruffle emularity.emulators cheerpx also exist options flash player emulation websites.bluemaximas flashpoint project claims collected adobe flash player games animations made available download.open source adobe released components adobe flash products open source software via open screen project donated open source organizations.technologies considered obsolete.
Adobe Flash Player	includes actionscript virtual machine avm implements actionscript donated opensource mozilla foundation adobe flex framework donated opensource apache software foundation rebranded apache flex superseded apache royale crossbridge c crosscompilation toolset released github.criticism accessibility usability browsers prior flash versions uninstalled updated version could installed.however version .windows automatic updater options.linux partially supported adobe cooperating google implement via chrome web browser linux platforms.mixing flash applications html leads inconsistent input handling leading poor user experience site keyboard mouse working would htmlonly document.
Adobe Flash Player	privacy flash player supports persistent local storage data also referred local shared objects used similarly http cookies web storage web applications.local storage flash player allows websites store nonexecutable data users computer authentication information game high scores web browser games serverbased session identifiers site preferences saved work temporary files.flash player allow content originating exactly website domain access data saved local storage.because local storage used save information computer later retrieved site site use gather user statistics similar http cookies web storage used.technologies possibility building profile based user statistics considered potential privacy concern.users disable restrict use local storage flash player settings manager page.
Adobe Flash Player	settings accessed adobe website rightclicking flashbased content selecting global settings.local storage disabled entirely sitebysite basis.disabling local storage block content saving local user information using flash player may disable reduce functionality websites saved preferences high scores saved progress games.flash player .upward honor privacy mode settings latest versions chrome firefox internet explorer safari web browsers local storage data saved browsers privacy mode use.security adobe security bulletins advisories announce security updates adobe flash player release notes disclose security issues addressed release closes security holes making difficult evaluate urgency particular update.version test page allows user check latest version installed uninstallers may used ensure oldversion plugins uninstalled installed browsers.in february adobe officially apologized fixing known vulnerability year.
Adobe Flash Player	june adobe announced critical vulnerability recent versions saying reports vulnerability actively exploited wild adobe flash player adobe reader acrobat.later october adobe announced another critical vulnerability time also affecting androidbased mobile devices.android users recommended disable flash make demand.subsequent security vulnerabilities also exposed android users two critical vulnerabilities published february four critical vulnerabilities published march could lead arbitrary code execution.symantecs internet security threat report states remote code execution adobe reader flash player second attacked vulnerability .report also recommended using browser extensions disable flash player usage untrusted websites.
Adobe Flash Player	mcafee predicted adobe software especially reader flash would primary target attacks .adobe applications become least point popular clientsoftware targets attackers last quarter .kaspersky security network published statistics third quarter showing .users affected one critical vulnerabilities.report also highlighted flash player vulnerabilities enable cybercriminals bypass security systems integrated application.steve jobs criticized security flash player noting symantec recently highlighted flash one worst security records .
Adobe Flash Player	adobe responded pointing symantec global internet threat report found flash player second lowest number vulnerabilities internet technologies listed included web plugins browsers.on april adobe released flash player patch zeroday memory corruption vulnerability cve could used deliver malware via magnitude exploit kit.vulnerability could exploited remote code execution.vendor lockin flash player .play certain kinds content unless digitally signed adobe following license obtained publisher directly adobe.this move adobe together abandonment flex apache criticized way lock independent tool developers favor adobes commercial tools.this resolved january adobe longer requires license royalty developer.premium features classified general availability freely used flash applications.
Adobe Flash Player	apple controversy april steve jobs time ceo apple inc. published open letter explaining apple would support flash iphone ipod touch ipad.letter blamed problems openness stability security performance touchscreen integration flash player reasons refusing support it.also claimed one apples macintosh computers crashes often cause attributed flash described flash buggy.adobes ceo shantanu narayen responded saying flash number one reason macs crash im aware much apple operating system.steve jobs also claimed large percentage video internet supported ios since many popular video sharing websites youtube published video content html compatible format enabling videos playback mobile web browsers even without flash player.mainland chinaspecific variant starting version adobe stopped distributing flash player directly users mainland china.
Adobe Flash Player	instead selected .cn partner released special variant flash player specific website contains nonclosable process known flash helper service collects private information pops advertisement window contents receiving running encrypted programs remote server.partnership started version adobe disabled usage vanilla global variant flash player mainland china forcing users use specific variant may pose risk users due chinas internet censorship.affected chinese chromium based browser users firefox users internet explorer users using windows microsoft still directly distributed flash player internet explorer microsoft edge windows update windows upward time.starting however variant publicly supported version flash player.release history see also adobe airadobe shockwaveapache flexmicrosoft silverlight references reading understanding flash player adobe scout – article discussing internals player adobe scout profiling tool external links official websiteadobe flash player debug downloads contains latest version standalone projector.archived adobe flash player versions wayback machine archived july flash tester archived june wayback machine explains official old working version check
RecoverPoint	recoverpoint originally created company called kashya bought emc .description kashya founded february originally located ramat gan israel.venture funding included battery ventures jerusalem global ventures.in additional operations san jose california announced along million funding first product.kashya acquired emc corporation may million.emc already announced product named recoverpoint october adapted product called recovery one mendocino software.the kashya product named kdx .the emc recoverpoint product based kashya technology released version .released .recoverpoint continuous data protection cdp tracks changes data block level journals changes.every write tracked stored different snapshot.alternatively groups writes aggregated according configuration order reduce storage space network traffic.
RecoverPoint	journal allows rolling data previous pointintime order view drive contents certain data corruption.cdp journal write individually hence enabling anypointintime snapshots configured combine consecutive writes order reduce journal space improve bandwidth.cdp works storage area network recoverpoint appliances need configured replica journal logical unit numbers luns.recoverpoint continuous remote replication crr enables replica remote site.setup recoverpoint appliances clusters required local remote sites.clusters communicate either fibre channel fc internet protocol.
RecoverPoint	recoverpoint applies data compression data deduplication order reduce wide area network traffic.recoverpoint .one remote site.crr combined cdp order provide concurrent local remote clr replication.the consistency group cg term used grouping several luns together order ensure writeorder consistency several volumes.used example database stores data journal different logical drives.
RecoverPoint	logical drives must kept insync replica dataconsistency needs preserved.examples multivolume file systems zfs windows dynamic disks.similar continuous data protection products unlike backup products recoverpoint needs obtain copy every write order track data changes.emc advertises recoverpoint heterogenous due support multivendor server network storage arrays.hostbased write splitting done using device driver installed server accessing storage volumes.usage hostbased splitter allows replication selected nonemc storage.available fabricbased splitters brocade communications systems san switches cisco systems santap.
RecoverPoint	requires investment additional switch blades.configuration allows splitting operating systems regardless version agnostic storage array vendor.storage array splitters supported subset emc storage products.method allows write splitting operating systems require special san switching hardware.recoverpointse slimmeddown version supports type splitter.each site requires installation cluster composed recoverpoint appliances.multiple appliances work together high availability cluster.
Microsoft Software Assurance	appliance connected via fc san must access server scsi initiator storage scsi target.appliance must also connected ip network management.replication takes place either fc standard internet protocol.one splitters would split traffic storage appliances.besides integration emc products appsync vipr replication manager control center unisphere clariion vnx symmetrix vplex storage arrays recoverpoint integrates following productsintegration vmware vsphere vmware site recovery manager microsoft hyperv allows protection specified per virtual machine instead per volumes available hypervisor.integration microsoft shadow copy exchange sql server oracle database server allows recoverpoint temporarily stop writes host order take consistent applicationspecific snapshots.application programming interfaces commandline interfaces allow customers integrate custom internal software.notes references continuous data protection emc recoverpointeal certification external links emc recoverpointcore premise behind sa give users ability spread payments several years offering free upgrades newer versions time period.overview microsoft differentiates license software assurance.customers may purchase depending program license without software assurance software assurance used combination existing license license software assurance together.three possibilities always available depending program single license volume license.features full list benefits effective march followsfree upgrades subscribers may upgrade newer versions microsoft softwareaccess exclusive software products windows fundamentals legacy pcs windows vista enterprise edition windows enterprise edition windows enterprise edition microsoft desktop optimization pack available software assurance customerstraining free training microsoft access microsoft elearning series interactive online training tools users.
Microsoft Software Assurance	training taken microsoft certified partner learning solutions redeemed training categorized microsoft official curriculum.home use employees company sa use additional copy microsoft softwareaccess source code larger companies desktopsx telephone web supportadditional error reporting toolsfree licenses additional servers provisioned cold backups live serversaccess microsoft technet managed newsgroupsaccess microsoft technet downloads userextended hotfix support typically microsoft charges nonsecurity hotfixes mainstream support product ended e.g.years windows charge waived sa customers whose contracts started july .july extended hotfix support longer available software assurance.all benefits generated benefits administrator customer organization managed microsoft volume licensing service center.criticism software assurance often criticized expense lack free software upgrades within contract period.development period major operating system versions often exceeds three years requiring customers renew software assurance another contract period order get next upgrade free.
Microsoft Software Assurance	history software assurance part licensing .initially provided upgrades around time microsoft office release benefits added.march microsoft added windows vista enterprise edition windows fundamentals legacy pcs.june microsoft added windows thin pc desktop virtualization application allows locked versions windows run older hardware.references external links microsoft software assurance home pagean independent view microsoft software license agreements network world november top microsoft licensing terms – glossary antigen zune
Multics	said multics influenced modern operating systems since microcomputers mainframes.initial planning development multics started cambridge massachusetts.originally cooperative project led mit project mac fernando corbató along general electric bell labs.developed ge computer specially designed first one delivered mit january .multics conceived commercial product general electric became one honeywell albeit successfully.due many novel valuable ideas multics significant influence computer science despite faults.multics numerous features intended ensure high availability would support computing utility similar telephone electricity utilities.modular hardware structure software architecture used achieve this.
Multics	system grow size simply adding appropriate resource computing power main memory disk storage.separate access control lists every file provide flexible information sharing complete privacy needed.multics number standard mechanisms allow engineers analyze performance system well number adaptive performance optimization mechanisms.novel ideas multics implements singlelevel store data access discarding clear distinction files called segments multics process memory.memory process consists solely segments mapped address space.
Multics	read write process simply uses normal central processing unit cpu instructions operating system takes care making sure modifications saved disk.posix terminology every file mmaped however multics concept process memory separate memory used hold mappedin files unix has.memory system part segment appears file system includes temporary scratch memory process kernel stack etc.one disadvantage size segments limited kilowords mb.due particular hardware architecture machines multics ran bit word size index registers used address within segments half size bits.extra code used work files larger called multisegment files.
Multics	days one megabyte memory prohibitively expensive large databases later huge bitmap graphics limit rarely encountered.another major new idea multics dynamic linking running process could request segments added address space segments could contain code could execute.allowed applications automatically use latest version external routine called since routines kept segments dynamically linked process first tried begin execution them.since different processes could use different search rules different users could end using different versions external routines automatically.equally importantly appropriate settings multics security facilities code segment could gain access data structures maintained different process.thus interact application running part daemon another process users process simply performed normal procedurecall instruction code segment dynamically linked code segment implemented operation associated daemon.code segment could modify data maintained used daemon.
Multics	action necessary commence request completed simple procedure return instruction returned control users process users code.multics also supported extremely aggressive online reconfiguration central processing units memory banks disk drives etc.could added removed system continued operating.mit system early software development done common practice split multiprocessor system two separate systems offhours incrementally removing enough components form second working system leaving rest still running original loggedin users.system software development testing could done second system components second system added back main user system without ever shut down.multics supported multiple cpus one earliest multiprocessor systems.multics first major operating system designed secure system outset.
Multics	despite early versions multics broken repeatedly.led work made system much secure prefigured modern security engineering techniques.breakins became rare secondgeneration hardware base adopted hardware support ringoriented security multilevel refinement concept master mode.us air force tiger team project tested multics security codeword zarf.may american national security agency declassified use codeword zarf.multics first operating system provide hierarchical file system file names could almost arbitrary length syntax.
Multics	given file directory could multiple names typically long short form symbolic links directories also supported.multics first use nowstandard concept perprocess stacks kernel separate stack security ring.also first command processor implemented ordinary user code – idea later used unix shell.also one first written highlevel language multics pli burroughs mcp system written algol.the deployment multics secure computing environments also spurred development innovative supporting applications.morrie gasser mitre corporation developed pronounceable random word generator address password requirements installations air force data services center afdsc processing classified information.
Multics	avoid guessable passwords afdsc decided assign passwords concluded manual assignment required much administrative overhead.thus random word generator researched developed pl.instead based phonemes system employed phonemic segments second order approximations english rules enhance pronounceability randomness statistically modeled approaches.descendant generator added multics project guardian.project history multics developed initially ge mainframe bit system.
Multics	ges computer business including multics taken honeywell around multics supported honeywell machines included security improvements including hardware support protection rings.bell labs pulled project people worked went create unix system.multics development continued mit general electric.honeywell continued system development .multimilliondollar sites installed universities industry government sites.french university system several installations early s. honeywell stopped supporting multics users migrated systems like unix.in multics issued certification b level secure operating system using trusted computer system evaluation criteria national computer security center ncsc division nsa first operating system evaluated level.multics distributed groupe bull europe bull hn information systems inc. united states.bull sas released source code multics versions mr. mr. mr. mr. mr. mr. mr. mr. free software license.the last known multics installation running natively honeywell hardware shut october canadian department national defence halifax nova scotia canada.
Multics	current status bull hn released source code mr. final multics release mit.system available free software exception optional pieces tcpip.in multics successfully run current hardware using emulator..release emulator available.release .f multics accompanies .
Multics	release emulator adds new features including command line recall editing using video system.commands following list programs commands common computing tasks supported multics commandline interface.retrospective observations peter h. salus author book covering unixs early years stated one position multics tried much versatile flexible operating system failed miserably.position however widely discredited computing community many multics technical innovations used modern commercial computing systems.the permanently resident kernel multics system derided day large complex kb code.comparison linux system might occupied mb.
Multics	first mit ge kilowords memory mib truly enormous amount time kernel used moderate portion multics main memory.the entire system including operating system complex pl compiler user commands subroutine libraries consisted source modules.averaged roughly lines source code compiled produce total roughly .mib procedure code fairly large standards day.multics compilers generally optimised code density cpu performance example using small subroutines called operators short standard code sequences makes comparison object code size modern systems less useful.high code density good optimisation choice multics multiuser system expensive main memory.during commercial product history often commented internally honeywell information systems later honeywellbull sales marketing staff familiar comfortable making business case honeywell’s computer line dps running gcos.dps gcos wellregarded reliable platform inventory accounting word processing vertical market applications banking sizeable customer base.
Multics	contrast full potential multics’ flexibility even mundane tasks easy comprehend era features generally outside skill set contemporary business analysts.scope disconnect concretized anecdote conveyed paul stachour cnocsc american telephone telegraph changing name att staffer honeywell’s legal department showed asked multician could arrange name changed computerized documents.asked process could completed multician replied done.staffer repeated needed hundreds perhaps thousands documents updated.multician explained executed global search replace staffer speaking task fact completed.
Multics	influence projects unix design features multics greatly influenced unix operating system originally written two multics programmers ken thompson dennis ritchie.superficial influence multics unix evident many areas including naming commands.internal design philosophy quite different focusing keeping system small simple correcting perceived deficiencies multics high resource demands limited computer hardware time.the name unix originally unics pun multics.u unix rumored stand uniplexed opposed multiplexed multics underscoring designers rejections multics complexity favor straightforward workable approach smaller computers.garfinkel abelson cite alternative origin peter neumann bell labs watching demonstration prototype suggested pun name unics – pronounced eunuchs – castrated multics although dennis ritchie said denied this.ken thompson transcribed interview peter seibel refers multics overdesigned overbuilt everything.
Multics	close unusable.massachusetts institute technology still claim monstrous success clearly wasnt.influence multics unix thompson stated things liked enough multics actually take hierarchical file system shell — separate process replace process.operating systems prime computer operating system primos referred multics shoebox william poduska founder company.poduska later moved found apollo computer whose aegis later domainos operating systems sometimes called multics matchbox extended multics design heavily networked graphics workstation environment.the stratus vos operating system stratus computer stratus technologies strongly influenced multics external user interface internal structure bear many close resemblances older project.
Multics	highreliability availability security features multics extended stratus vos support new line fault tolerant computer systems supporting secure reliable transaction processing.stratus vos directlyrelated descendant multics still active development production usage today.the protection architecture multics restricting ability code one level system access resources another adopted basis security features icls vme operating system.see also timesharing system evolutionpeter j. denningjack b. dennisrobert fano – director project mac mit –robert m. graham computer scientistj.c. r. licklider – director project mac mit –peter g. neumannelliott organicklouis pouzin – introduced term shell command language used multicsjerome h. saltzerroger r. schellglenda schroeder – implemented first command line user interface shell proposed first email system pouzin crismanvictor a. vyssotsky references reading literature contains large number papers multics various components fairly complete list available multics bibliography page second briefer multics bibliography text format.important andor informative ones listed below.f.
Multics	j. corbató v. a. vyssotsky introduction overview multics system afips good introduction system.f.j. corbató c. t. clingen j. h. saltzer multics – first seven years afips excellent review written considerable period use improvement initial efforts.j.j. donovan s. madnick operating systems fundamental read operating systems.j.j. donovan systems programming good introduction systems programming operating systems.technical details jerome h. saltzer introduction multics mit project mac considerably longer introduction system geared towards actual users.elliott i. organick multics system examination structure mit press standard work system although documents early version features described therein never appeared actual system.v.
Multics	a. vyssotsky f. j. corbató r. m. graham structure multics supervisor afips describes basic internal structure multics kernel.jerome h. saltzer traffic control multiplexed computer system mit project mac june original description idea switching kernel stacks one classic papers computer science.r.c. daley p. g. neumann general purpose file system secondary storage afips describes file system including access control backup mechanisms.r.j. feiertag e. i. organick multics inputoutput system.describes lower levels io implementation.a.bensoussan c. t. clingen r. c. daley multics virtual memory concepts design acm sosp describes multics memory system detail.paul green multics virtual memory – tutorial reflections good indepth look multics storage system.roger r. schell dynamic reconfiguration modular computer system mit project mac describes reconfiguration mechanisms.
Multics	security paul a. karger roger r. schell multics security evaluation vulnerability analysis air force electronic systems division describes classic attacks multics security tiger team.jerome h. saltzer michael d. schroeder protection information computer systems proceedings ieee september describes fundamentals behind first round security upgrades another classic paper.m.d. schroeder d. d. clark j. h. saltzer d. h. wells.final report multics kernel design project mit lcs describes security upgrades added produce even improved version.paul a. karger roger r. schell thirty years later lessons multics security evaluation ibm interesting retrospective compares actual deployed security todays hostile environment demonstrated possible decades ago.concludes multics offered considerably stronger security systems commercially available .external links multicians.org comprehensive site lot materialmultics papers onlinemultics glossarymyths discusses numerous myths multics detail including myths failed big slow well understandable misapprehensionsmultics securityunix multicsmultics general info faq includes extensive overview software systems influenced multicshoneywell inc. multics records –.
Multics	charles babbage institute university minnesota.multics development records include second multics system programmers manual multics technical bulletins describe procedures applications problems especially concerning security returned request comments forms include technical papers thesis proposals.official source code archive mitlink page various multics information library congress web archives archived multics repository stratus computermultics universitaet mainzactive project emulate honeywell dpsm multics cpuvarious scanned multics manualsmulticians.org history operating systems critical review multicians.org plus capsule history multics.said multics influenced modern operating systems since microcomputers mainframes.initial planning development multics started cambridge massachusetts.originally cooperative project led mit project mac fernando corbató along general electric bell labs.developed ge computer specially designed first one delivered mit january .multics conceived commercial product general electric became one honeywell albeit successfully.due many novel valuable ideas multics significant influence computer science despite faults.multics numerous features intended ensure high availability would support computing utility similar telephone electricity utilities.modular hardware structure software architecture used achieve this.
Multics	system grow size simply adding appropriate resource computing power main memory disk storage.separate access control lists every file provide flexible information sharing complete privacy needed.multics number standard mechanisms allow engineers analyze performance system well number adaptive performance optimization mechanisms.novel ideas multics implements singlelevel store data access discarding clear distinction files called segments multics process memory.memory process consists solely segments mapped address space.
Multics	read write process simply uses normal central processing unit cpu instructions operating system takes care making sure modifications saved disk.posix terminology every file mmaped however multics concept process memory separate memory used hold mappedin files unix has.memory system part segment appears file system includes temporary scratch memory process kernel stack etc.one disadvantage size segments limited kilowords mb.due particular hardware architecture machines multics ran bit word size index registers used address within segments half size bits.extra code used work files larger called multisegment files.
Multics	days one megabyte memory prohibitively expensive large databases later huge bitmap graphics limit rarely encountered.another major new idea multics dynamic linking running process could request segments added address space segments could contain code could execute.allowed applications automatically use latest version external routine called since routines kept segments dynamically linked process first tried begin execution them.since different processes could use different search rules different users could end using different versions external routines automatically.equally importantly appropriate settings multics security facilities code segment could gain access data structures maintained different process.thus interact application running part daemon another process users process simply performed normal procedurecall instruction code segment dynamically linked code segment implemented operation associated daemon.code segment could modify data maintained used daemon.
Multics	action necessary commence request completed simple procedure return instruction returned control users process users code.multics also supported extremely aggressive online reconfiguration central processing units memory banks disk drives etc.could added removed system continued operating.mit system early software development done common practice split multiprocessor system two separate systems offhours incrementally removing enough components form second working system leaving rest still running original loggedin users.system software development testing could done second system components second system added back main user system without ever shut down.multics supported multiple cpus one earliest multiprocessor systems.multics first major operating system designed secure system outset.
Multics	despite early versions multics broken repeatedly.led work made system much secure prefigured modern security engineering techniques.breakins became rare secondgeneration hardware base adopted hardware support ringoriented security multilevel refinement concept master mode.us air force tiger team project tested multics security codeword zarf.may american national security agency declassified use codeword zarf.multics first operating system provide hierarchical file system file names could almost arbitrary length syntax.
Multics	given file directory could multiple names typically long short form symbolic links directories also supported.multics first use nowstandard concept perprocess stacks kernel separate stack security ring.also first command processor implemented ordinary user code – idea later used unix shell.also one first written highlevel language multics pli burroughs mcp system written algol.the deployment multics secure computing environments also spurred development innovative supporting applications.morrie gasser mitre corporation developed pronounceable random word generator address password requirements installations air force data services center afdsc processing classified information.
Multics	avoid guessable passwords afdsc decided assign passwords concluded manual assignment required much administrative overhead.thus random word generator researched developed pl.instead based phonemes system employed phonemic segments second order approximations english rules enhance pronounceability randomness statistically modeled approaches.descendant generator added multics project guardian.project history multics developed initially ge mainframe bit system.
Multics	ges computer business including multics taken honeywell around multics supported honeywell machines included security improvements including hardware support protection rings.bell labs pulled project people worked went create unix system.multics development continued mit general electric.honeywell continued system development .multimilliondollar sites installed universities industry government sites.french university system several installations early s. honeywell stopped supporting multics users migrated systems like unix.in multics issued certification b level secure operating system using trusted computer system evaluation criteria national computer security center ncsc division nsa first operating system evaluated level.multics distributed groupe bull europe bull hn information systems inc. united states.bull sas released source code multics versions mr. mr. mr. mr. mr. mr. mr. mr. free software license.the last known multics installation running natively honeywell hardware shut october canadian department national defence halifax nova scotia canada.
Multics	current status bull hn released source code mr. final multics release mit.system available free software exception optional pieces tcpip.in multics successfully run current hardware using emulator..release emulator available.release .f multics accompanies .
Multics	release emulator adds new features including command line recall editing using video system.commands following list programs commands common computing tasks supported multics commandline interface.retrospective observations peter h. salus author book covering unixs early years stated one position multics tried much versatile flexible operating system failed miserably.position however widely discredited computing community many multics technical innovations used modern commercial computing systems.the permanently resident kernel multics system derided day large complex kb code.comparison linux system might occupied mb.
Multics	first mit ge kilowords memory mib truly enormous amount time kernel used moderate portion multics main memory.the entire system including operating system complex pl compiler user commands subroutine libraries consisted source modules.averaged roughly lines source code compiled produce total roughly .mib procedure code fairly large standards day.multics compilers generally optimised code density cpu performance example using small subroutines called operators short standard code sequences makes comparison object code size modern systems less useful.high code density good optimisation choice multics multiuser system expensive main memory.during commercial product history often commented internally honeywell information systems later honeywellbull sales marketing staff familiar comfortable making business case honeywell’s computer line dps running gcos.dps gcos wellregarded reliable platform inventory accounting word processing vertical market applications banking sizeable customer base.
Multics	contrast full potential multics’ flexibility even mundane tasks easy comprehend era features generally outside skill set contemporary business analysts.scope disconnect concretized anecdote conveyed paul stachour cnocsc american telephone telegraph changing name att staffer honeywell’s legal department showed asked multician could arrange name changed computerized documents.asked process could completed multician replied done.staffer repeated needed hundreds perhaps thousands documents updated.multician explained executed global search replace staffer speaking task fact completed.
Multics	influence projects unix design features multics greatly influenced unix operating system originally written two multics programmers ken thompson dennis ritchie.superficial influence multics unix evident many areas including naming commands.internal design philosophy quite different focusing keeping system small simple correcting perceived deficiencies multics high resource demands limited computer hardware time.the name unix originally unics pun multics.u unix rumored stand uniplexed opposed multiplexed multics underscoring designers rejections multics complexity favor straightforward workable approach smaller computers.garfinkel abelson cite alternative origin peter neumann bell labs watching demonstration prototype suggested pun name unics – pronounced eunuchs – castrated multics although dennis ritchie said denied this.ken thompson transcribed interview peter seibel refers multics overdesigned overbuilt everything.
Multics	close unusable.massachusetts institute technology still claim monstrous success clearly wasnt.influence multics unix thompson stated things liked enough multics actually take hierarchical file system shell — separate process replace process.operating systems prime computer operating system primos referred multics shoebox william poduska founder company.poduska later moved found apollo computer whose aegis later domainos operating systems sometimes called multics matchbox extended multics design heavily networked graphics workstation environment.the stratus vos operating system stratus computer stratus technologies strongly influenced multics external user interface internal structure bear many close resemblances older project.
Multics	highreliability availability security features multics extended stratus vos support new line fault tolerant computer systems supporting secure reliable transaction processing.stratus vos directlyrelated descendant multics still active development production usage today.the protection architecture multics restricting ability code one level system access resources another adopted basis security features icls vme operating system.see also timesharing system evolutionpeter j. denningjack b. dennisrobert fano – director project mac mit –robert m. graham computer scientistj.c. r. licklider – director project mac mit –peter g. neumannelliott organicklouis pouzin – introduced term shell command language used multicsjerome h. saltzerroger r. schellglenda schroeder – implemented first command line user interface shell proposed first email system pouzin crismanvictor a. vyssotsky references reading literature contains large number papers multics various components fairly complete list available multics bibliography page second briefer multics bibliography text format.important andor informative ones listed below.f.
Multics	j. corbató v. a. vyssotsky introduction overview multics system afips good introduction system.f.j. corbató c. t. clingen j. h. saltzer multics – first seven years afips excellent review written considerable period use improvement initial efforts.j.j. donovan s. madnick operating systems fundamental read operating systems.j.j. donovan systems programming good introduction systems programming operating systems.technical details jerome h. saltzer introduction multics mit project mac considerably longer introduction system geared towards actual users.elliott i. organick multics system examination structure mit press standard work system although documents early version features described therein never appeared actual system.v.
Multics	a. vyssotsky f. j. corbató r. m. graham structure multics supervisor afips describes basic internal structure multics kernel.jerome h. saltzer traffic control multiplexed computer system mit project mac june original description idea switching kernel stacks one classic papers computer science.r.c. daley p. g. neumann general purpose file system secondary storage afips describes file system including access control backup mechanisms.r.j. feiertag e. i. organick multics inputoutput system.describes lower levels io implementation.a.bensoussan c. t. clingen r. c. daley multics virtual memory concepts design acm sosp describes multics memory system detail.paul green multics virtual memory – tutorial reflections good indepth look multics storage system.roger r. schell dynamic reconfiguration modular computer system mit project mac describes reconfiguration mechanisms.
Multics	security paul a. karger roger r. schell multics security evaluation vulnerability analysis air force electronic systems division describes classic attacks multics security tiger team.jerome h. saltzer michael d. schroeder protection information computer systems proceedings ieee september describes fundamentals behind first round security upgrades another classic paper.m.d. schroeder d. d. clark j. h. saltzer d. h. wells.final report multics kernel design project mit lcs describes security upgrades added produce even improved version.paul a. karger roger r. schell thirty years later lessons multics security evaluation ibm interesting retrospective compares actual deployed security todays hostile environment demonstrated possible decades ago.concludes multics offered considerably stronger security systems commercially available .external links multicians.org comprehensive site lot materialmultics papers onlinemultics glossarymyths discusses numerous myths multics detail including myths failed big slow well understandable misapprehensionsmultics securityunix multicsmultics general info faq includes extensive overview software systems influenced multicshoneywell inc. multics records –.
Lemon Wallet	charles babbage institute university minnesota.multics development records include second multics system programmers manual multics technical bulletins describe procedures applications problems especially concerning security returned request comments forms include technical papers thesis proposals.official source code archive mitlink page various multics information library congress web archives archived multics repository stratus computermultics universitaet mainzactive project emulate honeywell dpsm multics cpuvarious scanned multics manualsmulticians.org history operating systems critical review multicians.org plus capsule history multics.service released july company based palo alto california united states.wences casares companys ceo.the lemon network platform launched july connected payment information lemon wallet directly merchant payment processing.in december lemon wallet acquired lifelock.services products lemon used ocr technology store organize users information various cards ids health insurance credit debit rewards etc.receipts.upgraded version allowed users monitor bank accounts includes expanded security features credit card balance monitoring alerts questionable charges card expiration reminders ability cancel restore cards.
Lemon Wallet	lemon also allowed users store receipt data.service also organized expense reports using receipt data could accessed web application mobile device.data could also used submit expense reports.freemium version service available well paid subscription.lemon application compatible ios android windows phone devices.
Lemon Wallet	history product developments beta version company released beta version service expense tracking management service july .softlaunched techcrunch disrupt conferences startup alley september officially launched october .february company announced reached one million users.lemon wallet app lemon received million funding round led maveron may .investors series round included lightspeed venture partners draper fisher jurvetson campventures socialcapital partnership.
Lemon Wallet	round followed lemons release lemon wallet app service designed store credit debit health insurance id card information using photo system company utilized expense management.extended capabilities allowed users backup everything wallet using lemons cloudbased pin protected database.apps security features include bit encryption well ability user remotewipe sensitive information mobile device lost stolen.beginning september lemon customers could access cards stored lemon account apples passbook service.application upgrade may lemon announced upgraded expense reporting tool.enhancement lemon wallet granted users ability receipts ereceipts processed lemon.com saved pdf copy csv xls format copy compatible expense software.
Lemon Wallet	lemon ceo wences casares reported may digital wallet service capturing storing approximately new cards every hour.on december announced lifelock inc. provider identity theft protection services acquired lemon.security issues may lifelock inc. announced temporarily disabled mobile application due security flaw.despite evidence user information compromised lifelock deleted data stored current users.previously lifelock fined million deceptive business practices failing secure sensitive customer data.references external links official websitelemon wallet facebook
File server	storage computer files text image sound video accessed workstations able reach computer shares access computer network.term server highlights role machine traditional client–server scheme clients workstations using storage.file server normally perform computational tasks run programs behalf client workstations.file servers commonly found schools offices users use local area network connect client computers.types file servers file server may dedicated nondedicated.dedicated server designed specifically use file server workstations attached reading writing files databases.file servers may also categorized method access internet file servers frequently accessed file transfer protocol http different often provide dynamic web content addition static files.
File server	servers lan usually accessed smbcifs protocol windows unixlike nfs protocol unixlike systems.database servers provide access shared database via database device driver regarded file servers even database stored files designed provide files users tend differing technical requirements.design file servers modern businesses design file servers complicated competing demands storage space access speed recoverability ease administration security budget.complicated constantly changing environment new hardware technology rapidly obsolesces old equipment yet must seamlessly come online fashion compatible older machinery.manage throughput peak loads response time vendors may utilize queuing theory model combination hardware software respond various levels demand.servers may also employ dynamic load balancing scheme distribute requests across various pieces hardware.the primary piece hardware equipment servers last couple decades proven hard disk drive.
File server	although forms storage viable magnetic tape solidstate drives disk drives continued offer best fit cost performance capacity.storage since crucial function file server storage technology developed operate multiple disk drives together team forming disk array.disk array typically cache temporary memory storage faster magnetic disks well advanced functions like raid storage virtualization.typically disk arrays increase level availability using redundant components raid power supplies.disk arrays may consolidated virtualized san.
File server	networkattached storage networkattached storage nas filelevel computer data storage connected computer network providing data access heterogeneous group clients.nas devices specifically distinguished file servers generally nas computer appliance – specialized computer built ground serving files – rather general purpose computer used serving files possibly functions.discussions nass term file server generally stands contrasting term referring general purpose computers only.as nas devices gaining popularity offering convenient method sharing files multiple computers.potential benefits networkattached storage compared nondedicated file servers include faster data access easier administration simple configuration.nas systems networked appliances containing one hard drives often arranged logical redundant storage containers raid arrays.network attached storage removes responsibility file serving servers network.
File server	typically provide access files using network file sharing protocols nfs smbcifs server message blockcommon internet file system afp.security file servers generally offer form system security limit access files specific users groups.large organizations task usually delegated directory services openldap novells edirectory microsofts active directory.these servers work within hierarchical computing environment treat users computers applications files distinct related entities network grant access based user group credentials.many cases directory service spans many file servers potentially hundreds large organizations.past smaller organizations authentication could take place directly server itself.
Lithium battery	see also backupfile transfer protocol ftpserver message block smbwebdav webdavnetworkattached storage nasenterprise content management referencestypes batteries also referred lithiummetal batteries.they stand apart batteries high charge density high cost per unit.depending design chemical compounds used lithium cells produce voltages .v comparable zinc–carbon alkaline battery .v.disposable primary lithium batteries must distinguished secondary lithiumion lithiumpolymer rechargeable batteries.lithium especially useful ions arranged move anode cathode using intercalated lithium compound cathode material without using lithium metal anode material.
Lithium battery	pure lithium instantly react water even moisture air lithium lithium ion batteries less reactive compound.lithium batteries widely used portable consumer electronic devices.term lithium battery refers family different lithiummetal chemistries comprising many types cathodes electrolytes metallic lithium anode.battery requires ..kg lithium per kwh.
Lithium battery	designed primary systems use charged cathode electroactive material crystallographic vacancies filled gradually discharge.the common type lithium cell used consumer applications uses metallic lithium anode manganese dioxide cathode salt lithium dissolved organic solvent electrolyte.history chemistries university california san diego developed electrolyte chemistry allows lithium batteries run temperatures low °.electrolytes also enable electrochemical capacitors run low °c.previous lowtemperature limit °c.high performance room temperature still maintained.
Lithium battery	may improve energy density safety lithium batteries electrochemical capacitors.applications lithium batteries find application many longlife critical devices pacemakers implantable electronic medical devices.devices use specialized lithiumiodide batteries designed last years.less critical applications toys lithium battery may actually outlast device.cases expensive lithium battery may costeffective.lithium batteries used place ordinary alkaline cells many devices clocks cameras.
Lithium battery	although costly lithium cells provide much longer life thereby minimizing battery replacement.however attention must given higher voltage developed lithium cells using dropin replacement devices normally use ordinary zinc cells.lithium batteries also prove valuable oceanographic applications.lithium battery packs considerably expensive standard oceanographic packs hold three times capacity alkaline packs.high cost servicing remote oceanographic instrumentation usually ships often justifies higher cost.sizes formats small lithium batteries commonly used small portable electronic devices pdas watches camcorders digital cameras thermometers calculators personal computer bios firmware communication equipment remote car locks.
Lithium battery	available many shapes sizes common variety volt coin type manganese variety typically mm diameter .– mm thick.the heavy electrical demands many devices make lithium batteries particularly attractive option.particular lithium batteries easily support brief heavy current demands devices digital cameras maintain higher voltage longer period alkaline cells.popularity lithium primary batteries account primary battery sales japan battery sales switzerland.eu .battery sales including secondary types lithium primaries.
Lithium battery	safety issues regulation computer industrys drive increase battery capacity test limits sensitive components membrane separator polyethylene polypropylene film – μm thick.energy density lithium batteries doubled since introduced .battery made contain material separator undergo stress.rapiddischarge problems lithium batteries provide extremely high currents discharge rapidly shortcircuited.although useful applications high currents required toorapid discharge lithium battery especially cobalt present cells design result overheating battery lowers electrical resistance cobalt content within cell rupture even explosion.
Lithium battery	lithiumthionyl chloride batteries particularly susceptible type discharge.consumer batteries usually incorporate overcurrent thermal protection vents prevent explosion.air travel january much stricter regulations introduced iata regarding carriage lithium batteries air.adopted international postal union however countries e.g.uk decided accept lithium batteries unless included equipment power.because risks shipping carriage lithium batteries restricted situations particularly transport lithium batteries air.the united states transportation security administration announced restrictions effective january lithium batteries checked carryon luggage.
Lithium battery	rules forbid lithium batteries installed device checked luggage restrict carryon luggage total lithium content.australia post prohibited transport lithium batteries air mail .uk regulations transport lithium batteries amended national chemical emergency centre .in late least postal administrations restricted airmail shipping including express mail service lithium batteries lithiumion batteries products containing laptops cell phones.among countries hong kong united states japan.methamphetamine labs unused lithium batteries provide convenient source lithium metal use reducing agent methamphetamine labs.specifically lithium metal reduces pseudoephedrine ephedrine methamphetamine birch reduction method employs solutions alkali metals dissolved anhydrous ammonia.some jurisdictions passed laws restrict lithium battery sales asked businesses make voluntary restrictions attempt help curb creation illegal meth labs.walmart stores reported limit sale disposable lithium batteries three packages missouri four packages states.
Lithium battery	health issues ingestion button cell batteries attractive small children often ingested.past years although increase total number button cell batteries ingested year researchers noted .fold increase risk ingestion would result moderate major complication .fold increase fatalities comparing last decade previous one.the primary mechanism injury button battery ingestions generation hydroxide ions cause severe chemical burns anode.electrochemical effect intact battery require casing breached contents released.complications include oesophageal strictures tracheooesophageal fistulas vocal cord paralysis aortooesophageal fistulas death.majority ingestions witnessed presentations nonspecific battery voltage increased mm button battery size likely become lodged cricopharyngeal junction severe tissue damage occur within hours.
Lithium battery	v mm cr lithium battery implicated many complications button battery ingestions children less years age.while cure esophageal impaction endoscopic removal study childrens hospital philadelphia rachel r. anfang colleagues found early frequent ingestion honey sucralfate suspension prior batterys removal reduce injury severity significant degree.result usbased national capital poison center poison control recommends use honey sucralfate known suspected ingestions reduce risk severity injury esophagus consequently nearby structures.button batteries also cause significant necrotic injury stuck nose ears.prevention efforts us national button battery task force cooperation industry leaders led changes packaging battery compartment design electronic devices reduce childs access batteries.however still lack awareness across general population medical community dangers.central manchester university hospital trust warns lot doctors unaware cause harm.
Lithium battery	disposal regulations disposal recycling batteries vary widely local governments may additional requirements national regulations.united states one manufacturer lithium iron disulfide primary batteries advises consumer quantities used cells may discarded municipal waste battery contain substances controlled us federal regulations.another manufacturer states button size lithium batteries contain perchlorate regulated hazardous waste california regulated quantities would found typical consumer use cells.as lithium used non working i.e.extended storage button cells still likely cathode cup possible extract commercially useful quantities metal cells well manganese dioxide specialist plastics.also alloy lithium magnesium mg cut costs particularly prone mentioned failure mode.see also references external links amendments regulations regarding transport lithium batteriesproperties nonrechargeable lithium batteriesbrand neutral drawings lithium batteries based ansi specificationslithium thionyl chloride battery msds supporting safety informationinvestigation fire performance lithiumion lithiummetalbatteries various applications derivative tactical recommendations research report german forschungsstelle für brandschutztechnik karlsruhe institute technology kit pdf
IRS tax forms	used report income calculate taxes paid federal government disclose information required internal revenue code irc.various forms schedules.tax forms united states filed state local governments.individual forms tax year form u.s. individual income tax return form used personal individual federal income tax returns filed irs.prior years one three forms long form short form ez see explanations used returns.
IRS tax forms	first form published use tax years .form converted annual form i.e.updated year new tax year printed form.initially irs mailed tax booklets form instructions common attachments households.alternative delivery methods cpaattorneys internet forms increased popularity irs sent fewer packets via mail.
IRS tax forms	practice discontinued.income tax returns individual calendar year taxpayers due april next year except april falls saturday sunday legal holiday.circumstances returns due next business day.automatic extension oct. file form obtained filing form .form two abbreviated pages including attachments.prior tax year two full pages counting attachments following passage tax cuts jobs act irs dramatically shortened pages.current first page collects information taxpayers dependents includes signature line.
IRS tax forms	current second page includes information income items adjustments income additionally calculates allowable deductions credits tax due given income figure applies funds already withheld wages estimated payments made towards tax liability.prior information income items adjustments income entered first page.presidential election campaign fund checkoff allows taxpayers designate federal government give tax receives presidential election campaign fund near top first page pre post versions form .form attachments called schedules may need filed depending taxpayerschedule itemizes allowable deductions income instead filling schedule taxpayers may choose take standard deduction tax year depending age filing status whether taxpayer andor spouse blind.schedule b enumerates interest andor dividend income required either interest dividends received tax year exceed sources filer certain foreign accounts.schedule c lists income expenses related selfemployment used sole proprietors.schedule used compute capital gains losses incurred tax year.note along schedule form instructions may required.schedule e used report income expenses arising rental real property royalties passthrough entities like trusts estates partnerships corporations.schedule eic used document taxpayers eligibility earned income credit.schedule f used report income expenses related farming.schedule h used report taxes owed due employment household help.schedule j used averaging farm income period three years.schedule l used figure increased standard deduction certain cases.schedule used claim making work pay tax credit .earned income credit .schedule r used calculate credit elderly disabled.schedule se used calculate selfemployment tax owed income selfemployment schedule c schedule f partnership.schedule used calculate child tax credit.in two additions form due implementation affordable care act – premium tax credit individual mandate.the following schedules introduced tax yearschedule used report income sources wages interest dividends pensions including retirement accounts social security also used calculate adjustments income.schedule used report certain types income childs unearned income.schedule used claim nonrefundable tax credits.schedule used calculation certain types taxes among selfemployment tax uncollected social security medicare taxes.schedule used add tax payments estimated tax payments payments made extension time filed.schedule allows taxpayer appoint third party discuss return irs.much information new numbered schedules previously included form .in situations internal revenue service social security administration forms form w must attached form addition form schedules.
IRS tax forms	specialized forms may need completed along schedules form .short forms years short forms used short periods time.example used ibm card lines could written would transcribed onto another card.card looked holes computer unit record machine could read.forms always place signature.
IRS tax forms	two recently used short forms ez discontinued tax year.the form short form u.s. individual income tax return shorter version form .use form limited taxpayers taxable income took standard deduction instead itemizing deductions originally one page edition expanded two pages.the form ez easy form income tax return single joint filers dependents simplest sixsection federal income tax return introduced .use limited taxpayers taxable income tax year take standard deduction instead itemizing deductions dependents.fiduciary reporting according section b pension protection act nonprofit organization file annual returns notices three consecutive years taxexempt status revoked due date third return notice.organizations taxexempt status may reinstated show reasonable cause years nonfiling.
IRS tax forms	form provides public financial information nonprofit organization often source information.also used government agencies prevent organizations abusing taxexempt status.june irs released new form requires significant disclosures corporate governance boards directors.new disclosures required nonprofit filers tax year significant reporting requirements nonprofits million revenues .million assets.

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.