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List of recessions in the United States
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.american business cycle continuity change.umi.isbn .knoop todd a. july .recessions depressions understanding business cycles.
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List of recessions in the United States
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praeger publishers.isbn .us business cycle expansions contractions national bureau economic research.retrieved september .zarnowitz victor .business cycles theory history indicators forecasting.chicago university chicago press.
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Facility management
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isbn .external links national bureau economic researchbusiness cycle expansions contractions list nber recessionsthe three ds recession brief history – see table chart detailed list recessions usprofession certified global facility management association global fm member organizations.since global fm sponsored annual world facilities management day world fm day.history term facilities management coined ibm alumnus electronic data systems founder ross perot reference network management systems soon expanded include elements commercial space management.facility management integral processes strategic organizational planning represented conference sponsored herman miller.following meeting furniture manufacturer opened facility management institute fmi headquarters ann arbor michigan.the national facility management association nfma formed separating overall profession single enterprise.nfma expanded form international facility management association ifmain first professional fm organization launched uk association facility managers afm.definitions scope professional fm interdisciplinary business function objective coordinating demand supply facilities services within public private organizations.
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Facility management
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term facility pl.facilities means something built installed established serve purpose international facility management association ifma general every tangible asset supports organization.examples include real estate property buildings technical infrastructure hvac lighting transportation itservices furniture custodial grounds maintenance userspecific equipment appliances.in april international organization standardization published iso standard facility management defining organizational function integrates people place process within built environment purpose improving quality life people productivity core business.iso definition formally adopted bifm august .a management system standard facilities management also developed iso published iso .scope facilities management divided two areasspace infrastructure planning design workplace construction lease occupancy maintenance furniturepeople organisation catering cleaning ict hr accounting marketing hospitality.its two broad areas operation commonly referred hard fm soft fm.
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Facility management
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first refers physical built environment focus work space building infrastructure.second covers people organization related work psychology occupational physiology.according ifma fm practice coordinating physical workplace people work organization.integrates principles business administration architecture behavioral engineering sciences.global job task analysis ifma identified core competencies facility management ascommunicationemergency preparedness business continuityenvironmental stewardship sustainabilityfinance businesshospitality managementhuman factors ergonomicsleadership strategyoperations maintenanceproject managementqualityreal estate property managementtechnologyhome maintenance servicesmanagement servicesthe institute workplace facilities management formerly british institute facilities management adopted european definition accredited qualification framework offers career path curriculum ranging school leaver level masters degree level aligned european qualifications framework.fm may also cover activities business services referred noncore functions vary one business sector another.fm also subject continuous innovation development pressure reduce costs add value core business public private sector client organizations.
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Facility management
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accredited academics facility management supported education training professional qualifications often coordinated fm institutes universities associations.degree programs exist undergraduate postgraduate levels.facility management recognised academic discipline since s. initial fm research work europe started universities uk netherlands nordic countries academies funded research centers began establish courses bachelors masters phd levels.early european fm research centers include centre facilities management cfm founded glasgow centre people buildings delft university technology metamorphose norwegian university science technology.university moratuwa faculty architecture sri lanka offered bsc.degree facilities management since .in universities research institutions represented eurofm.
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Facility management
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german facility management association gefma certified fm study programs courses universities universities applied sciences germany.as ifma accredits numerous university degree programs various u.s. states well degree programs sri lanka south korea singapore germany hong kong ireland several netherlands.role facilities manager facilities managers fms operate across business functions.main priority fm keeping people alive safe.facility managers need operate two levelsstrategically tactically helping clients customers endusers understand potential impact decisions provision space services cost business risk.operationally ensuring corporate costeffective environment occupants function.ehs environment health safety fm department organization required identify analyze evaluate control manage many environment safetyrelated issues.
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Facility management
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failure may lead unhealthy conditions leading employees falling sick injury loss business prosecution insurance claims.confidence customers investors business may also affected adverse publicity safety lapses.fire safety threat fire carries one highest risks loss life potential damage property shut business.facilities management department place maintenance inspection testing facilitys fire safety equipment systems keeping records certificates compliance.security protection employees business often comes control facilities management department particularly maintenance security hardware.
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Facility management
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manned guarding may control separate department.maintenance testing inspections maintenance testing inspection schedules required ensure facility operating safely efficiently compliance statutory obligations maximize life equipment reduce risk failure.work planned often using computeraided facility management cafm system.building maintenance includes preventative remedial upgrades works required upkeep improvement buildings components.works may include disciplines painting decorating carpentry plumbing glazing plastering tiling.buildings may designed view minimizing maintenance requirement.
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Facility management
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cleaning cleaning operations often undertaken business hours provision may made times occupations cleaning toilets replenishing consumables toilet rolls soap plus litter picking reactive response scheduled series periodic daily weekly monthly tasks.operational facilities management department responsibilities daytoday running building tasks may outsourced carried directly employed staff.policy issue due immediacy response required many activities involved facilities manager often require daily reports escalation procedure.some issues require periodic maintenance example stop hamper productivity business safety implications.many managed facilities management help desk staff able contacted either telephone email.response help desk calls prioritized may simple hot cold lights working photocopier jammed coffee spills vending machine problems.help desks may used book meeting rooms car parking spaces many services often depends facilities department organized.
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Facility management
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facilities may split two sections often referred soft services reception post room hard services mechanical fire electrical services.business continuity planning organizations continuity plan event fire major failure business recover quickly.large organizations may staff move another site set model existing operation.facilities management department would one key players necessary move business recovery site.space allocation changes many organizations office layouts subject frequent changes.
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Facility management
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process referred churn percentage staff moved year known churn rate.moves normally planned facilities management department using computeraided design cad system.addition meeting needs business compliance statutory requirements related office layouts includethe minimum amount space provided per staff memberfire safety arrangementslighting levelssignageventilationtemperature controlwelfare arrangements toilets drinking waterconsideration may also given vending catering place staff make drink take break desk.see also activitybased workingactivity relationship chartamfmgisglobal facility management association global fminstitute workplace facilities managementbuilding information modelingcomputerized maintenance management systemhard infrastructurejanitorphysical plantproperty managementu.s.gsa public buildings service references reading roper kathy .
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Facility management
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international facility management.lisa borello.hoboken wiley.isbn .oclc .roper kathy o. .
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Optical mesh network
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facility management handbook.richard p. payant david g. cotts th ed.. new york new york.isbn .oclc .faster less error prone network architectures support backup recovery plans established networks case disaster damage failure.currently planned satellite constellations aim establish optical mesh networks space using wireless laser communication.history transport networks transport networks underlying optical fiberbased layer telecommunications networks evolved digital cross connect system dcsbased mesh architectures sonetsdh synchronous optical networkingsynchronous digital hierarchy ring architectures s. dcsbased mesh architectures telecommunications carriers deployed restoration systems ds circuits att fastar fast automatic restoration mci real time restoration rtr restoring circuits minutes network failure.sonetsdh rings carriers implemented ring protection sonet unidirectional path switched ring upsr also called subnetwork connection protection scnp sdh networks sonet bidirectional line switched ring blsr also called multiplex section shared protection ring msspring sdh networks protecting recovering network failure ms less significant improvement recovery time supported dcsbased mesh restoration key driver deployment sonetsdh ringbased protection.there attempts improving andor evolving traditional ring architectures overcome limitations transoceanic ring architecture defined itut rec.g. pcycles protection nextgeneration sonetsdh equipment handle multiple rings ability close working protection ring side share protection capacity among rings e.g.
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Optical mesh network
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virtual line switched ring vlsr.technological advancements optical transport switches first decade st century along continuous deployment dense wavelengthdivision multiplexing dwdm systems led telecommunications service providers replace sonet ring architectures meshbased architectures new traffic.new optical mesh networks support fast recovery previously available ring networks achieving better capacity efficiency resulting lower capital cost.fast recovery tens hundreds milliseconds case failures e.g.network link node failure achieved intelligence embedded new optical transport equipment allows recovery automatic handled within network part network control plane without relying external network management system.optical mesh networks optical mesh networks refer transport networks built directly meshlike fiber infrastructure deployed metropolitan regional national international e.g.
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Optical mesh network
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transoceanic areas deploying optical transport equipment capable switching traffic wavelength subwavelength level incoming fiber outgoing fiber.addition switching wavelengths equipment typically also able multiplex lower speed traffic wavelengths transport groom traffic long equipment socalled opaque see subsection transparency.finally equipment also provide recovery traffic case network failure.transport networks evolve toward mesh topologies utilizing intelligent network elements optical crossconnects optical switches provisioning recovery services new approaches developed design deployment operations management mesh optical networks.optical switches build companies sycamore ciena sts granularity switching tellium sts granularity switching deployed operational mesh networks.calient built alloptical switches based mems technology.optical mesh networks today provide trunking capacity higherlayer networks interrouter interswitch connectivity ip mpls ethernetcentric packet infrastructure also support efficient routing fast failure recovery highbandwidth pointtopoint ethernet sonetsdh services.several planned satellite constellations spacex starlink intended global internet provisioning aim establish optical mesh networks space.
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Optical mesh network
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constellations consisting several hundred thousand satellites use laser communication highthroughput optical intersatellite links.interconnected network architecture allows direct routing user data satellite satellite enables seamless network management continuity service.recovery optical mesh networks optical mesh networks support establishment circuitmode connectionoriented services.multiple recovery mechanisms provide different levels protection restoration different failure modes available mesh networks.channel link segment path protection common protection schemes.
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Optical mesh network
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pcycles another type protection leverages extends ringbased protection.restorationis another recovery method work complement faster protection schemes case multiple failures.in pathprotected mesh networks connections unprotected others protected single multiple failures various ways.connection protected single failure defining backup path diverse primary path taken connection mesh network.backup path associated resources dedicated connection dedicated backup path protection aka dedicated path protection subnetwork connection protection sncp sdh networks upsr sonet ring networks shared among multiple connections shared backup path protection typically ones whose primary paths likely fail time thereby avoiding contention shared resources case single link node failure.number protection schemes use preemptible paths partially diverse backup paths implemented.
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Optical mesh network
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finally multiple diverse routes designed connection multiple recovery routes recover even multiple failures examples mesh networks across atlantic pacific oceans .transparency traditional transport networks made optical fiberbased links telecommunications offices multiple wavelengths multiplexed increase capacity fiber.wavelengths terminated electronic devices called transponders undergoing opticaltoelectrical conversion signal reamplification reshaping retiming r. inside telecommunications office signals handled switched transport switch aka optical crossconnect optical switch either dropped office directed outgoing fiber link carried wavelengths multiplexed fiber link towards next telecommunications office.act going opticalelectricaloptical oeo conversion telecommunications office causes network considered opaque.incoming wavelengths undergo opticaltoelectrical conversion switched telecommunications office optical domain using alloptical switches also called photonic crossconnect optical adddrop multiplexer reconfigurable optical adddrop multiplexer roadm systems network considered transparent.
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Optical mesh network
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hybrid schemes leverage optical bypasses provide limited oeo conversions key locations across network referred translucent networks.roadmbased transparent optical mesh networks deployed metropolitan regional networks since mids.early operational longdistance networks still tend remain opaque transmission limitations impairments prevent extension transparency beyond certain point.routing optical mesh networks routing key control operational aspect optical mesh networks.transparent alloptical networks routing connections tightly linked wavelength selection assignment process socalled routing wavelength assignment rwa.due fact connection remains wavelength endtoend throughout network sometimes referred wavelength continuity constraint absence devices translate wavelengths optical domain.
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Optical mesh network
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opaque network routing problem one finding primary path connection protection needed backup path diverse primary path.wavelengths used link independently others.several algorithms used combined determine primary path diverse backup path without sharing resource along backup path connection service shortest path including dijkstras algorithm kshortest path yens algorithm edge nodediverse disjoint routing including suurballes algorithm numerous heuristics.general however problems optimal routing dedicated backup path protection arbitrary shared risk link groups srlgs shared backup path protection npcomplete.applications deployment optical mesh networks enabling new services applications service providers offer customers asquality service qos protection allowing services different levels protection preemptable unprotected protected guaranteed recovery single link single node failure protected multiple failures combination protection restorationdynamic services bandwidthondemand bod justintime jit bandwidth bandwidth scheduling bandwidth brokeringoptical virtual private networksmulticast lightpathsit also supports new network paradigms asipoveroptical network architectures related network architectures mesh networking general wireless mesh networking particular.
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ISO/TC 292
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see also references reading site network protection network protection techniques network failure recovery network failure events meshbased survivable transport networks options strategies optical mpls sonet atm networking wayne grover optical network control architecture protocols standard greg bernstein bala rajagopalan debanjan saha path routing mesh optical networks eric bouillet georgios ellinas jeanfrancois labourdette ramu ramamurthy pcycles overview r. asthana y.n.singh w.d.grover ieee communications surveys tutorials february survivable networks algorithms diverse routing ramesh bhandari external linkswork isotc officially started three previous committees dissolved workprogrammes moved new committee.isotc also given responsibility iso series security management supply chainpreviously developed isotc .the tmb decision made order clarify isos structural organization security matters prepare future topics field creating de facto coordination body within tc central structure.believed isotc would lead optimization well limit prevent conflict duplication work.would also make easier public administrationsauthorities general interest protective mission optimize participation isos work sector.well give nonprofit organizations limited resources simplified structure take part in.when isotc created following three committees merged.isotc societal security –isotc fraud countermeasures controls –isopc management system quality psc operations – scope isotc works following scopestandardization field security enhance safety resilience society.excluded sector specific security projects developed relevant iso committees projects developed isotc isopc .
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Emergency procedure
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leadership organization chair – mrs åsa kyrk geresecretary ms susanna björksecretary – mr bengt rydstedtsecretary ms susanna björksecretary – mr bengt rydstedtisotc currently following organisation.working group terminologyworking group continuity organizational resilienceworking group emergency managementworking group authenticity integrity trust products documentsworking group community resilienceworking group protective securityworking group guidelines eventsworking group supply chain securityworking group crisis managementworking group preparednessjoint working group managing emerging risk joint work isotc cg communication groupdccg developing country coordination groupuncg united nation coordination groupisotc one larger committees iso almost member countries.it wide range experts participating work isotc large corporations thales startups cypheme.published standards generaliso security resilience – vocabularyisots security resilience – guidelines complexity assessment processiso societal security – guidelines establishing partnering arrangementsiso societal security – guidelines exercisesbusiness continuity managementiso security resilience – business continuity management systems – requirementsiso security resilience – business continuity management systems – guidance use iso isots security resilience – business continuity management systems – guidelines business impact analysisisots security resilience – business continuity management systems – guidelines supply chain continuityisots security resilience – business continuity management systems – guidelines people aspects business continuityisots security resilience – business continuity management systems – guidelines business continuity strategyisots security resilience – business continuity management systems – guidelines developing business continuity plans proceduresisoiects conformity assessment – requirements bodies providing audit certification management systems – part competence requirements auditing certification business continuity management systemsemergency managementiso security resilience – emergency management – guidelines incident managementiso societal security – emergency management – guidelines public warningiso societal security – emergency management – guidelines colour coded alertiso security resilience – emergency management – guidelines capability assessmentiso security resilience – emergency management – guidelines monitoring facilities identified hazardsiso security resilience – emergency management – guidelines implementation communitybased landslide early warning systemiso security resilience – emergency management – guidelines implementation communitybased natural disasters early warning systemiso security resilience – emergency management – guidelines use social media emergenciesisotr societal security – emergency management – message structure exchange informationauthenticity integrity trust products documentsiso security resilience – authenticity integrity trust products documents – general principles product fraud riskiso security resilience – authenticity integrity trust products documents – guidelines interoperability product identification authentication systemsiso security resilience – authenticity integrity trust products documents – guidelines content security issuance excise tax stampsiso security resilience – authenticity integrity trust products documents – guidelines performance criteria authentication solutions material goodsiso security resilience – authenticity integrity trust products documents guidelines establish monitor protection plan implementationiso guidelines interoperable object identification related authentication systems deter counterfeiting illicit tradesecurity management systemsiso specification security management systems supply chainiso security management systems supply chain – best practices implementing supply chain security assessments plans – requirements guidanceiso security management systems supply chain – development resilience supply chain – requirements guidance useiso security management systems supply chain – requirements bodies providing audit certification supply chain security management systemsiso security management systems supply chain – guidelines implementation iso part general principlesiso security management systems supply chain – guidelines implementation iso part additional specific guidance adopting iso use medium small businesses marine portsiso security management systems supply chain – guidelines implementation iso part additional specific guidance implementing iso compliance iso management objectiveiso management system private security operations – requirements guidance usecommunity resilienceiso societal security – mass evacuation – guidelines planningiso security resilience – community resilience – guidelines planning involvement spontaneous volunteersiso security resilience – community resilience – guidelines conducting peer reviewsisots security resilience – community resilience – guidelines planning recovery renewaliso security resilience – community resilience – guidelines supporting vulnerable persons emergencyiso security resilience – community resilience – guidelines information exchange organisationsurban resilienceisotr security resilience – urban resilience – framework principlesorganizational resilienceiso security resilience – organizational resilience – principles attributesprotective securityiso security resilience – protective security – guidelines crime prevention environmental designreplaced withdrawniso societal security – terminology replaced editioniso security resilience – vocabulary replaced editioniso societal security – business continuity management systems – requirements replaced editionisotr societal security – technological capabilitiesiso societal security – business continuity management systems – guidance replaced editioniso societal security – business continuity management systems – guidelines business impact analysis replaced editioniso societal security – business continuity management systems – guidelines supply chain continuity replaced editioniso societal security – emergency management – requirements incident response replaced editionisopas societal security – guideline incident preparedness operational continuity management replaced iso iso iso performance criteria authentication solutions used combat counterfeiting material goods references external linksrange emergencies reasonably foreseeable emergency plan may drawn manage threat.emergencies require urgent intervention prevent worsening situation although situations mitigation may possible agencies may able offer palliative care aftermath.emergency plan allow possibilities.need organizations frequently required written emergency procedures place comply statutory requirements demands insurers regulatory agency shareholders stakeholders unions protect staff public environment business property reputation.risk assessment preparing procedure may appropriate carry risk assessment estimating likely emergency event occur serious damaging consequences would be.
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Emergency procedure
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emergency procedure provide appropriate proportionate response situation.risk assessment usually style table rates risk likelihood severity.testing training emergency procedure identifies responsibilities actions resources necessary deal emergency.drafted procedure may require consultative period could involved affected emergency programme set testing training periodic review.controlled issuance emergency procedure revised reissued previous versions must withdrawn point use avoid confusion.
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Emergency procedure
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reason revision numbering system schedule amendments frequently used procedures reduce potential errors misunderstandings.style complexity document may lines perhaps using bullet points flow charts may detailed set instructions diagrams dependent complexity situation capabilities responsible implementing procedure emergency.business continuity planning business continuity planning may also feed emergency procedures enabling organization identify points vulnerability minimise risk business preparing backup plans improving resilience.act producing procedures may also highlight failings current arrangements corrected could reduce risk levels.escalating situations even well documented well practised procedure using trained staff still potential events spiral control often due unpredicted scenarios coincidence events.
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Emergency procedure
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many well documented examples three mile island accident chernobyl disaster deepwater horizon drilling platform explosion april .press release bp september bps outgoing chief executive tony hayward said investigation report provides critical new information causes terrible accident.evident series complex events rather single mistake failure led tragedy.review common practise emergency procedures review processes lessons learnt previous emergencies changing circumstances changes personnel contact details etc.incorporated latest version documentation.
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New Democratic Party of Manitoba candidates in the 1995 Manitoba provincial election
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examples typical emergency procedures areprocedure carried fire alarm commercial buildings occupants evacuated via nearest exit emergency services called.fire wardens security may search building ensure everyone left may roll call assembly point.procedure would identify responsible various tasks deputies detailing arrangements assisting building may mobility issues liaison fire fighters etc.large multi tenanted buildings procedure may complex address several possible scenarios.medical emergency first aiders called attend unconscious person checking airways general condition put recovery position whilst awaiting paramedic.written guidance aircraft indicate steps undertaken crew give best chance successful recovery least loss life.abandonment ship sinking wrecked uncontrollably fire.other potential emergencies may affect organisation include followingfire – rapid oxidation materialactive shooterpower outage – loss electric power areabomb threat – threat detonate explosive devicecivil disorder – forms unrest caused group peoplenational emergencygas leak – unintended escape gas pipeline containmentflood – natural disaster caused water overflowhurricanetornado – violently rotating column air contact earths surface cumulonimbus cloudmedical emergency – injury illness acute poses immediate risk persons life long term healthchemical accident – unintentional release hazardous substances references external links httpseveral partys candidates individual biography pages information others may found here.brock holowachuk fort garry brock holowachuk senior planning officer manitoba emergency measures organization.previously worked provincial office fire commissioner involved risk analysis hazard assessment.coordinated provincialfederal activities related council federation served secretary manitoba’s security subcommittee cabinet party task force security.president manitobas disaster recovery information exchange published several works emergency planning.
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Fluorescence loss in photobleaching
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also taken prominent role devising strategies rescue care household pets.holowachuk received votes .new democratic party candidate finishing third progressive conservative party incumbent rosemary vodrey.footnotescell membrane typically labeled fluorescent dye allow observation.specific area labeled section bleached several times using beam confocal laser scanning microscope.imagining scan bleaching occurs again.occurs several times ensure accessible fluorophores bleached since unbleached fluorophores exchanged bleached fluorophores causing movement cell membrane.amount fluorescence region measured period time determine results photobleaching cell whole.
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Fluorescence loss in photobleaching
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experimental setup photobleaching occur cells must injected fluorescent protein often green fluorescent protein gfp allow targeted proteins fluoresce therefore followed throughout process.region interest must defined.initial region interest usually contains whole cell several cells.flip photobleaching occurs outside region interest therefore photobleaching region also needs defined.third region region measurement take place needs determined well.
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Fluorescence loss in photobleaching
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number initial scans need made determine fluorescence photobleaching.scans serve control scans photobleached scans compared later on.photobleaching occur.bleach pulse necessary allow time recovery fluorescent material.also important take several scans region interest immediately bleach pulse study.
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Fluorescence loss in photobleaching
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change fluorescence region interest quantified one three ways.common choose location size number regions interest based visual inspection image sets.two rather new reliable approaches either detecting areas different probe mobility individual image basis physical modeling fluorescence loss moving bodies.loss fluorescence defined mobile fraction fraction fluorophores capable recovering photobleached area fluorescently labeled protein.incomplete loss fluorescence indicates fluorophores move travel bleached area.allows definition immobile fraction fraction fluorophores incapable recovering photobleached area fluorescentlabeled proteins.
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Fluorescence loss in photobleaching
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immobility indicates proteins may compartments closed rest cell preventing affected repeated photobleaching.applications verifying continuity membranous organelles primary use flip determine continuity membranous organelles.continuity lack thereof determined observing amount fluorescence region interest.complete loss fluorescence indicates organelles continuous.however incomplete loss fluorescence continuity organelles.
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Fluorescence loss in photobleaching
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instead organelles compartmentalized therefore closed transfer photobleached fluorophores.continuity golgi apparatus endoplasmic reticulum nucleus verified using flip.exchange rate nucleus cytoplasm two less frequently employed uses flip determine proteins shuttled cytoplasm nucleus determine rate shuttling occurs.determine portions involved shuttling process involved continuous scans observed.sooner part cytoplasm used shuttling process rapidly experiences complete loss fluorescence.
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Fluorescence loss in photobleaching
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resulting image process completely photobleached cytoplasm.cell also participates nuclear export nucleus cytoplasm photobleaching also occur nucleus.the exchange rate nucleus cytoplasm also determined type data.instances region photobleaching within nucleus.shuttling occurs rapid pace fluorescence levels within nuclear compartments decrease rapidly frames taken.however shuttling occurs slowly fluorescence levels remain unaffected decrease slightly.
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Fluorescence loss in photobleaching
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flip vs. frap flip often used closely associated fluorescence recovery photobleaching frap.major difference two microscopy techniques frap involves study cell’s ability recover single photobleaching event whereas flip involves study loss fluorescence spreads throughout cell multiple photobleaching events.difference purpose also leads difference parts cell observed.frap area actually photobleached area interest.conversely flip region interest outside region photobleached.
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Fluorescence loss in photobleaching
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another important difference frap single photobleaching event recovery period observe well fluorophores move back bleached site.however flip multiple photobleaching events occur prevent return unbleached fluorophores bleaching region.like flip frap used study continuity membranous organelles.flip frap often used together determine mobility gfptagged proteins.flip also used measure molecular transfer regions cell regardless rate movement.
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Fluorescence loss in photobleaching
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allows comprehensive analysis protein trafficking within cell.differs frap primarily useful determining mobility proteins regions local photobleaching only.potential complications several complications involved flip frap.since forms microscopy examine living cells always possibility cells move causing false results.best way avoid use alignment algorithm compensate movement eliminate large portion error due movement.
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Emergency management
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experiments also key control group order adjust results correct recovery curve overall loss fluorescence.another way minimize error keep photobleaching contained single region area.limitation serve control limit fluorescence loss due photodamage compared fluorescence loss due photobleaching.see also fluorescence recovery photobleachingfluorescence microscopephotobleaching referencesaim prevent reduce harmful effects hazards including disasters.the world health organization defines emergency state normal procedures interrupted immediate measures management need taken prevent becoming disaster even harder recover from.disaster management related term equated emergency management.emergency planning ideals emergency planning discipline urban planning design aims prevent emergencies occurring failing initiates efficient action plan mitigate results effects emergencies.development emergency plans cyclical process common many risk management disciplines business continuity security risk managementrecognition identification risksranking evaluation risksresponding significant riskstoleratingtreatingtransferringterminatingresourcing controls planningreaction planningreporting monitoring risk performancereviewing risk management frameworkthere number guidelines publications regarding emergency planning published professional organizations asis national fire protection association nfpa international association emergency managers iaem.health safety workers cleanup disaster recovery involves many occupational hazards.
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Emergency management
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often hazards exacerbated conditions local environment result natural disaster.employers responsible minimizing exposure hazards protecting workers possible including identification thorough assessment potential hazards application appropriate personal protective equipment ppe distribution relevant information order enable safe performance work.physical exposures floodassociated injuriesflooding disasters often expose workers trauma sharp blunt objects hidden murky waters cause lacerations open closed fractures.injuries exacerbated exposure often contaminated waters leading increased risk infection.risk hypothermia significantly increases prolonged exposure water temperatures less degrees fahrenheit.
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Emergency management
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noninfectious skin conditions may also occur including miliaria immersion foot syndrome including trench foot contact dermatitis.earthquakeassociated injuriesthe predominant injuries related building structural components including falling debris possible crush injury burns electric shock trapped rubble.chemical exposures hazardous material release chemicals pose risk human health exposed humans certain quantities.natural disaster certain chemicals become prominent environment.hazardous materials released directly indirectly.chemical hazards directly released natural disaster often occur time event impeding planned actions mitigation.
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Emergency management
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indirect release hazardous chemicals intentionally released unintentionally released.example intentional release insecticides used flood chlorine treatment water flood.chemicals controlled engineering minimize release natural disaster strikes example agrochemicals inundated storehouses manufacturing facilities poisoning floodwaters asbestos fibers released building collapse hurricane.flowchart right adopted research performed stacy young et al.exposure limitsbelow tlvtwa pel idlh values common chemicals workers exposed natural disaster.direct releasemagnesiumphosphorusammoniasilicaintentional releaseinsecticideschlorine dioxideunintentional releasecrude oil componentsbenzene nhexane hydrogen sulfide cumene ethylbenzene naphthalene toluene xylenes pcbs agrochemicalsasbestos biological exposures mold exposures exposure mold commonly seen natural disaster flooding hurricane tornado tsunami.mold growth occur exterior interior residential commercial buildings.
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Emergency management
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warm humid conditions encourage mold growth.exact number mold species unknown examples commonly found indoor molds aspergillus cladosporium alternaria penicillium.reaction molds differ individuals range mild symptoms eye irritation cough severe lifethreatening asthmatic allergic reactions.people history chronic lung disease asthma allergy breathing problems immunocompromised could sensitive molds may develop fungal pneumonia.some methods prevent mold growth natural disaster include opening doors windows using fans dry building positioning fans blow air windows cleaning building within first – hours moisture control.removing molds n masks respirators higher protection level used prevent inhalation molds respiratory system.
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Emergency management
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molds removed hard surfaces soap water diluted bleach solution commercial products.human remains according centers disease control prevention cdc direct risk contagion infectious disease near human remains people directly involved recovery efforts require handling dead bodies.” viruses bacteria perish along human body death.therefore excessive measures necessary handling human remains indirectly.however workers direct contact human remains universal precautions exercised order prevent unnecessary exposure bloodborne viruses bacteria.relevant ppe includes eye protection face mask shield gloves.predominant health risk gastrointestinal infections fecaloral contamination hand hygiene paramount prevention.
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Emergency management
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mental health support also available workers endure psychological stress recovery.floodassociated skin infections flood waters often contaminated bacteria waste chemicals.prolonged direct contact waters leads increased risk skin infection especially open wounds skin history previous skin condition atopic dermatitis psoriasis.infections exacerbated compromised immune system aging population.common bacterial skin infections usually staphylococcus streptococcus.one uncommon wellknown bacterial infections vibrio vulnificus causes rare often fatal infection called necrotizing fasciitis.other saltwater mycobacterium infections include slow growing m. marinum fast growing m. fortuitum m. chelonae m. abscessus.
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Emergency management
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freshwater bacterial infections include aeromonas hydrophila burkholderia pseudomallei causing melioidosis leptospira interrogans causing leptospirosis chromobacterium violaceum.fungal infections may lead chromoblastomycosis blastomycosis mucormycosis dermatophytosis.numerous arthropod protozoal parasitic infections described.worker reduce risk floodassociated skin infections avoiding water open wound present minimum cover open wound waterproof bandage.contact flood water occur open wound washed thoroughly soap clean water.
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Emergency management
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psychosocial exposures according cdc sources stress emergency responders may include witnessing human suffering risk personal harm intense workloads lifeanddeath decisions separation family.substance abuse mental health services administration samhsa provides stress prevention management resources disaster recovery responders.volunteer responsibilities federal emergency management agency fema advises desire assist go organized volunteer organizations selfdeploy affected locations.national volunteer organizations active disaster voad serves primary point contact volunteer organization coordination.states state voad organization.
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Emergency management
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employer responsibilities every employer required maintain safe healthy workplace employees.emergency situation occurs employers expected protect workers harm resulting potential hazard including physical chemical biological exposure.addition employer provide preemergency training build emergency action plan.emergency action plan eap eap written document actions employers employees take responding emergency situation.according osha regulations .
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Emergency management
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employer must emergency action plan whenever osha standard requires one.develop eap employer start workplace evaluation.occupational emergency management divided worksite evaluation exposure monitoring hazard control work practices training.worksite evaluation identifying source location potential hazards falling noise cold heat hypoxia infectious materials toxic chemicals workers may encounter emergency situations.hazard control employers conduct hazard control byelimination substitution eliminating hazard workplace.engineering controlswork practice administrative controls change task performed reduce probability exposure.personal protective equipment training employers train employees annually emergency action plan implemented inform employees responsibilities andor plan action emergency situations.training program include types emergencies may occur appropriate response evacuation procedure warningreporting procedure shutdown procedures.
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Emergency management
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training requirements different depending size workplace workforce processes used materials handled available resources charge emergency.the training program address following informationworkers roles responsibilities.potential hazards hazardpreventing actions.notification alarm system communications process.communication means family members emergency.first aid kits.emergency response procedures.evacuation procedures.a list emergency equipment including location function.emergency shutdown procedures.after emergency action plan completed employer employees review plan carefully post public area accessible everyone.addition another responsibility employer keep record injury illness workers according oshastate plan recordkeeping regulations.implementation ideals preincident actions develop implement review emergency management system form manual including quality assurance quality control activities ensure efficiency effectiveness time.install ensure detection protection suppression systems based swiss cheese model always working demands provide intended triggers emergency occurs.systems include detect monitor provide early triggers warnings seismic meteriological fire pandemic climate change conditions.inspect local public streets gutters storm entrances necessary notify public works clean repair structures cut vegetation dredge etc.necessary.at emergency generators fill tank working capacity typically capacity.issue letter access curfews employees vendors.
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Emergency management
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access letters government issued photo id company photo id required vehicles company corporate suppliers may enter curfew zones.curfew areas allow vehicle circulate.the government emergency telecommunications service supports federal state local tribal government personnel industry nongovernmental organizations crisis emergency providing emergency access priority handling local long distance calls public switched telephone network.consider whether organization qualifies wishes pay low priority access nationwide wireless priority service allows user wait celluar telephone bandwidth open.preincident training testing emergency management plans procedures include identification appropriately trained staff members responsible decisionmaking emergency occurs.training plans include internal people contractors civil protection partners state nature frequency training testing.testing plans effectiveness occur regularly instances several business organisations occupy space joint emergency plans formally agreed parties put place.drills exercises preparation foreseeable hazards often held participation services involved handling emergency people affected.drills held prepare hazards fires tornadoes lockdown protection earthquakes etc.
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Emergency management
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phases personal activities emergency management consists five phases prevention mitigation preparedness response recovery.prevention preventive measures taken domestic international levels designed provide permanent protection disasters.risk loss life injury mitigated good evacuation plans environmental planning design standards.build minimum two feet five year flood level build year flood height.in january governments adopted year plan make world safer natural hazards world conference disaster reduction held kobe hyogo japan results adapted framework called hyogo framework action.mitigation strategy disaster mitigation measures eliminate reduce impacts risks hazards proactive measures taken emergency disaster occurs.preventive mitigation measures vary different types disasters.earthquake prone areas preventive measures might include structural changes installation earthquake valve instantly shut natural gas supply seismic retrofits property securing items inside building.
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Emergency management
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latter may include mounting furniture refrigerators water heaters breakables walls addition cabinet latches.flood prone areas houses built stilts.areas prone prolonged electricity blackouts installation generator ensures continuation electrical service.construction storm cellars fallout shelters examples personal mitigative actions.the safe room reinforced structure provide near absolute protection extreme wind events tornadoes hurricanes.if one window door breaks roof likely blow due pressure wind coming house.closing interior doors reduces forces roof.
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Emergency management
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doors windows roofs rated mph winds stronger hurricanes typhoons tornadoes.hurricanerated garage doors rolling accordion shutters windows reduce damages.preparedness preparedness focuses preparing equipment procedures use disaster occurs.equipment procedures used reduce vulnerability disaster mitigate impacts disaster respond efficiently emergency.federal emergency management agency fema proposed basic fourstage vision preparedness flowing mitigation preparedness response recovery back mitigation circular planning process.
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Emergency management
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circular overlapping model modified agencies taught emergency classes discussed academic papers.fema also operates building science branch develops produces multihazard mitigation guidance focuses creating disasterresilient communities reduce loss life property.fema advises citizens prepare homes emergency essentials event food distribution lines interrupted.fema subsequently prepared contingency purchasing hundreds thousands freeze dried food emergency meals ready eat mres dispense communities emergency shelter evacuations implemented.some guidelines household preparedness published online state colorado topics water food tools on.emergency preparedness difficult measure.cdc focuses evaluating effectiveness public health efforts variety measurement assessment programs.disaster preparation hampered several cognitive biases features certain types disasterstendency overvalue certain shortterm costs undervalue uncertain longterm rewards.long time local disasters given type allowing fading emotional impact lends urgency preparedness many people personal experience type disaster.inertia resulting inaction cases overcome e.g.making insurance optout rather optin.optimism bias normalcy bias make people tend believe disasters happen elsewhere disaster happens locally neighbors affected ok.singleaction bias may lead satisfied feeling taking single preparedness step even single action unimportant compared measures inadequate.
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Emergency management
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local emergency planning committees local emergency planning committees lepcs required united states environmental protection agency emergency planning community righttoknow act develop emergency response plan review plan least annually provide information chemicals community local citizens.emergency preparedness effort focuses hazards presented use storage extremely hazardous toxic chemicals.particular requirements lepcs includeidentification facilities transportation routes extremely hazardous substancesdescription emergency response procedures sitedesignation community coordinator facility emergency coordinators implement planoutline emergency notification proceduresdescription determine probable affected area population releasesdescription local emergency equipment facilities persons responsible themoutline evacuation plansa training program emergency responders including schedulesmethods schedules exercising emergency response plansaccording epa many lepcs expanded activities beyond requirements epcra encouraging accident prevention risk reduction addressing homeland security communities agency offers advice evaluate effectiveness committees.preparedness measures preparedness measures take many forms ranging focusing individual people locations incidents broader governmentbased hazard planning.number preparedness stages hazard individual planning generally involving combination mitigation response planning.
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Emergency management
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business continuity planning encourages businesses disaster recovery plan.community faithbased organizations mitigation efforts promote field response teams interagency planning.schoolbased response teams cover everything live shooters gas leaks nearby bank robberies.educational institutions plan cyberattacks windstorms.industry specific guidance exists horse farms boat owners more.
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Emergency management
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survey found american families felt prepared disaster.disasters take variety forms include earthquakes tsunamis regular structure fires.disaster emergency large scale terms population acreage impacted duration make less disaster people area impacted much learned preparedness socalled small disasters.red cross stated responds nearly disasters year common single family fire.basic theme behind preparedness ready emergency number different variations ready based assessment sort threats exist.nonetheless basic guidance preparedness common despite areas specific dangers.
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Emergency management
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fema recommends everyone threeday survival kit household.individual household sizes specific needs might vary femas recommendations item specific list includesthreeday supply nonperishable food.threeday supply water – one gallon water per person per day.portable batterypowered radio television extra batteries.flashlight extra batteries.first aid kit manual.sanitation hygiene items e.g.toilet paper menstrual hygiene products.matches waterproof container.whistle.extra clothing.kitchen accessories cooking utensils including opener.photocopies credit identification cards.cash coins.special needs items prescription medications eyeglasses contact lens solutions hearing aid batteries.items infants formula diapers bottles pacifiers.along similar lines cdc list proper disaster supply kit.water—one gallon per person per dayfood—nonperishable easytoprepare itemsflashlightbattery powered hand crank radio noaa weather radio possibleextra batteriesfirst aid kitmedications day supply medical supplies medical paperwork e.g.medication list pertinent medical informationmultipurpose tool e.g.swiss army knifesanitation personal hygiene itemscopies personal documents e.g.
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Emergency management
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proof address deedlease home passports birth certificates insurance policiescell phone chargersfamily emergency contact informationextra cashemergency blanketmaps areaextra set car keys house keysmanual openerfema suggests family emergency plan occasions.family members may together disaster strikes plan include reliable contact information friends relatives live outside would disaster area household members notify safe otherwise communicate other.along contact information fema suggests wellunderstood local gathering points house must evacuated quickly avoid dangers rereentering burning home.family emergency contact information printed cards put family members backpack wallet.family members spend significant amount time specific location work school fema suggests learning emergency preparation plans places.
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Emergency management
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fema specific form english spanish help people put together emergency plans though lacks lines email contact information.like children people disabilities special needs special emergency preparation needs.disability specific meaning specific organizations collecting social security benefits purposes emergency preparedness red cross uses term broader sense include people physical medical sensor cognitive disabilities elderly special needs populations.depending disability specific emergency preparations may required.femas suggestions people disabilities include copies prescriptions charging devices medical devices motorized wheelchairs weeks supply medication readily available go stay kit.instances lack competency english may lead special preparation requirements communication efforts individuals responders.fema notes long term power outages cause damage beyond original disaster mitigated emergency generators power sources provide emergency power system.
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Emergency management
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united states department energy states homeowners business owners local leaders may take active role dealing energy disruptions own.active role may include installing procuring generators either portable permanently mounted run fuels propane natural gas gasoline.concerns carbon monoxide poisoning electrocution flooding fuel storage fire lead even small property owners consider professional installation maintenance.major institutions like hospitals military bases educational institutions often considering extensive backup power systems.instead addition fuelbased power systems solar wind alternative power sources may used.
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Emergency management
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standalone batteries large small also used provide backup charging electrical systems devices ranging emergency lights computers cell phones.the united states department health human services addresses specific emergency preparedness issues hospitals may respond including maintaining safe temperature providing adequate electricity life support systems even carrying evacuations extreme circumstances.fema encourages businesses emergency response plan small business administration specifically advises small business owners also focus emergency preparedness provides variety different worksheets resources.fema cautions emergencies happen people travelling well provides guidance around emergency preparedness range travelers include commuters commuter emergency plan holiday travelers.ready.gov number emergency preparations specifically designed people cars.preparations include full gas tank maintaining adequate windshield wiper fluid basic car maintenance tips.items specific emergency includejumper cables might want include flares reflective triangleflashlights include extra batteries batteries less power colder weatherfirst aid kit include necessary medications baby formula diapers caring small childrennonperishable food canned food alert liquids freezing colder weather protein rich foods like nuts energy barsmanual openerat least gallon water per person day least days alert hazards frozen water resultant container rupturebasic toolkit pliers wrench screwdriverpet supplies food waterradio battery hand crankedfor snowy areas cat litter sand better tire traction shovel ice scraper warm clothes gloves hat sturdy boots jacket extra change clothesblankets sleeping bagscharged cell phone car chargerin addition emergency supplies training various situations fema offers advice mitigate disasters.
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Emergency management
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agency gives instructions retrofit home minimize hazards flood include installing backflow prevention device anchoring fuel tanks relocating electrical panels.given explosive danger posed natural gas leaks ready.gov states unequivocally vital household members know shut natural gas property owners must ensure special tools needed particular gas hookups.ready.gov also notes wise teach responsible household members shut electricity cautioning individual circuits shut main circuit.ready.gov states vital household members learn shut water main house valve cautions possibility rusty valves might require replacement.response response phase emergency may commence search rescue cases focus quickly turn fulfilling basic humanitarian needs affected population.
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Emergency management
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assistance may provided national international agencies organizations.effective coordination disaster assistance often crucial particularly many organizations respond local emergency management agency lema capacity exceeded demand diminished disaster itself.national response framework united states government publication explains responsibilities expectations government officials local state federal tribal levels.provides guidance emergency support functions may integrated whole parts aid response recovery process.on personal level response take shape either shelterinplace evacuation.shelterinplace scenario family would prepared fend home many days without form outside support.
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Emergency management
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evacuation family leaves area automobile mode transportation taking maximum amount supplies carry possibly including tent shelter.mechanical transportation available evacuation foot would ideally include carrying least three days supplies raintight bedding tarpaulin bedroll blankets.organized response includes evacuation measures search rescue missions provision emergency services provision basic needs recovery ad hoc substitution critical infrastructure.range technologies used purposes.donations often sought period especially large disasters overwhelm local capacity.due efficiencies scale money often costeffective donation fraud avoided.money also flexible goods sourced locally transportation minimized local economy boosted.
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Emergency management
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donors prefer send gifts kind however items end creating issues rather helping.one innovation occupy sandy volunteers use donation registry families businesses impacted disaster make specific requests remote donors purchase directly via web site.medical considerations vary greatly based type disaster secondary effects.survivors may sustain multitude injuries include lacerations burns near drowning crush syndrome.amanda ripley points among general public fires largescale disasters remarkable lack panic sometimes dangerous denial lack reaction rationalization warning signs obvious.says often attributed local national character appears universal typically followed consultations nearby people signals finally get enough attention.disaster survivors advocate training everyone recognize warning signs practice responding.
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Emergency management
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recovery recovery phase starts immediate threat human life subsided.immediate goal recovery phase bring affected area back normalcy quickly possible.reconstruction recommended consider location construction material property.the extreme home confinement scenarios include war famine severe epidemics may last year more.recovery take place inside home.planners events usually buy bulk foods appropriate storage preparation equipment eat food part normal life.
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Emergency management
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simple balanced diet constructed vitamin pills wholegrain wheat beans dried milk corn cooking oil.vegetables fruits spices meats prepared freshgardened included possible.psychological first aidin immediate aftermath disaster psychological first aid provided trained lay people assist disaster affected populations coping recovery.trained workers offer practical support assistance securing basic needs food water referrals needed information services.psychological first aid similar medical first aid providers need licensed clinicians.psychotherapy counseling debriefing.
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Emergency management
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goal psychological first aid help people longterm recovery offering social physical emotional support contributing hopeful calm safe environment enabling help communities.research states mental health often neglected first responders.disaster lasting psychological impacts affected.individuals supported processing emotional experiences disaster leads increases resilience increases capacity help others crises increases community engagement.processing emotional experiences done collective manner leads greater solidarity following disaster.emotional experiences inherent adaptiveness within however opportunity reflected processed necessary growth occur.psychological preparedness type emergency preparedness specific mental health preparedness resources offered mental health professionals organizations red cross.
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Emergency management
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mental health preparedness resources designed support community members affected disaster disaster workers serving them.cdc website devoted coping disaster traumatic event.event cdc substance abuse mental health services administration samhsa suggests people seek psychological help exhibit symptoms excessive worry crying frequently increase irritability anger frequent arguing wanting alone time feeling anxious fearful overwhelmed sadness confused trouble thinking clearly concentrating difficulty making decisions increased alcohol andor substance use increased physical aches pains complaints headaches trouble nerves.profession professional emergency managers focus government community preparedness private business preparedness.training provided local state federal private organizations ranges public information media relations highlevel incident command tactical skills.in past field emergency management populated mostly people military first responder background.
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Emergency management
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field diversified many managers coming variety backgrounds.educational opportunities increasing seeking undergraduate graduate degrees emergency management related field.schools us emergency managementrelated programs one doctoral program specifically emergency management.professional certifications certified emergency manager cem certified business continuity professional cbcp becoming common professional standards raised throughout field particularly united states.also professional organizations emergency managers national emergency management association international association emergency managers.principles dr. wayne blanchard femas emergency management higher education project direction dr. cortez lawrence superintendent femas emergency management institute convened working group emergency management practitioners academics consider principles emergency management.
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Emergency management
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first time principles discipline codified.group agreed eight principles guide development doctrine emergency managementcomprehensive – consider take account hazards phases stakeholders impacts relevant disasters.progressive – anticipate future disasters take preventive preparatory measures build disasterresistant disasterresilient communities.riskdriven – use sound risk management principles hazard identification risk analysis impact analysis assigning priorities resources.integrated – ensure unity effort among levels government elements community.collaborative – create sustain broad sincere relationships among individuals organizations encourage trust advocate team atmosphere build consensus facilitate communication.coordinated – synchronize activities relevant stakeholders achieve common purpose.flexible – use creative innovative approaches solving disaster challenges.professional – value science knowledgebased approach based education training experience ethical practice public stewardship continuous improvement.tools emergency management information systems continuity feature emergency management resulted new concept emergency management information systems emis.continuity interoperability emergency management stakeholders emis supports infrastructure integrates emergency plans levels government nongovernment involvement four phases emergencies.healthcare field hospitals utilize hospital incident command system hics provides structure organization clearly defined chain command.
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Emergency management
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populations explorer u.s. agency international development created webbased tool estimating populations impacted disasters called population explorer.tool uses land scan population data developed oak ridge national laboratory distribute population resolution km countries world.used usaids fews net project estimate populations vulnerable impacted food insecurity.population explorer gaining wide use range emergency analysis response actions including estimating populations impacted floods central america pacific ocean tsunami event .smaug model – basis prioritizing hazard risks emergency disaster management smaug model identifying prioritizing risk hazards associated natural technological threats effective tool.
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Emergency management
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smaug stands seriousness manageability acceptability urgency growth criteria used prioritization hazard risks.smaug model provides effective means prioritizing hazard risks based upon aforementioned criteria order address risks posed hazards avail effecting effective mitigation reduction response recovery methods.seriousnessthe relative impact terms people dollars includes potential lives lost potential injury well physical social economic losses may incurred.manageabilitythe relative ability mitigate reduce hazard managing hazard community both.hazards presenting high risk requiring significant amounts risk reduction initiatives rated high.acceptabilitythe degree risk hazard acceptable terms political environmental social economic impacturgencythis related probability risk hazard defined terms imperative address hazardgrowththe potential hazard event expand increase either probability risk community both.vulnerability increase potential growth may also increase.an example numerical ratings four criteria shown memory institutions cultural property professionals memory institutions e.g.museums historical societies etc.
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Emergency management
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dedicated preserving cultural heritage—objects records.increasingly major component within emergency management field result heightened awareness following september attacks hurricanes collapse cologne archives.international organizations international emergency management society international emergency management society tiems international nonprofit ngo registered belgium.tiems global forum education training certification policy emergency disaster management.tiems goal develop bring modern emergency management tools techniques practice exchange information methodology innovations new technologies.tiems provides platform stakeholders meet network learn new technical operational methodologies focuses cultural differences understood included societys events education research programs establishing local chapters worldwide.
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Emergency management
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today tiems chapters benelux romania finland italy middle east north africa mena iraq india korea japan china.international association emergency managers international association emergency managers iaem nonprofit educational organization aimed promoting goals saving lives property protection emergencies.mission iaem serve members providing information networking professional opportunities advance emergency management profession.it seven councils around world asia canada europa international oceania student usa.the air force emergency management association affiliated membership iaem provides emergency management information networking u.s. air force emergency management personnel.international recovery platform international recovery platform irp joint initiative international organizations national local governments nongovernmental organizations engaged disaster recovery seeking transform disasters opportunities sustainable development.irp established second un world conference disaster reduction wcdr kobe japan support implementation hyogo framework action hfa addressing gaps constraints experienced context postdisaster recovery.decade functioning international source knowledge good recovery practice irp focused specialized role highlighted sendai framework disaster risk reduction – “international mechanism sharing experience lessons associated build back better” international red cross red crescent movement international federation red cross red crescent societies ifrc works closely national red cross red crescent societies responding emergencies many times playing pivotal role.
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Emergency management
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addition ifrc may deploy assessment teams e.g.field assessment coordination teams fact affected country requested national society.assessing needs emergency response units erus may deployed affected country region.specialized response component emergency management framework.baptist global response baptist global response bgr disaster relief community development organization.
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Emergency management
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bgr partners respond globally people critical needs worldwide whether needs arise chronic conditions acute crises natural disasters.bgr official entity southern baptist convention rooted southern baptist life international partnership southern baptist disaster relief teams operate primarily us canada.united nations united nations system rests resident coordinator within affected country.however practice un response coordinated un office coordination humanitarian affairs unocha deploying un disaster assessment coordination undac team response request affected countrys government.finally unspider designed networking hub support disaster management application satellite technology world bank since world bank approved projects related disaster management dealing disaster mitigation well reconstruction projects amounting us billion.
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Emergency management
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projects taken place world countries argentina bangladesh colombia haiti india mexico turkey vietnam.prevention mitigation projects include forest fire prevention measures early warning measures education campaigns earlywarning systems hurricanes flood prevention mechanisms e.g.shore protection terracing etc.earthquakeprone construction.joint venture columbia university umbrella provention consortium project world bank established global risk analysis natural disaster hotspots.in june world bank response hfa established global facility disaster reduction recovery gfdrr partnership aid donors reduce disaster losses.gfdrr helps developing countries fund development projects programs enhance local capacities disaster prevention emergency preparedness.
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Emergency management
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european union eu adopted community mechanism civil protection facilitate cooperation event major emergencies requiring urgent response actions.also applies situations may imminent threat well.the heart mechanism monitoring information center mic part european commissions directorategeneral humanitarian aid civil protection.gives countries hour access civil protections available amongst participating states.country inside outside union affected major disaster make appeal assistance mic.acts communication hub provides useful updated information actual status ongoing emergency.
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Emergency management
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organization unspider national organizations australia natural disasters part life australia.heatwaves killed australians type natural disaster th century.australias emergency management processes embrace concept prepared community.principal government agency achieving emergency management australia.canada public safety canada canadas national emergency management agency.
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Emergency management
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province required legislation dealing emergencies provincial emergency management agencies typically called emergency measures organizations emo.public safety canada coordinates supports efforts federal organizations well levels government first responders community groups private sector nations.public safety emergency preparedness act sc c. defines powers duties functions ps outlined.acts specific individual fields corrections law enforcement national security.china state council peoples republic china responsible level ii public emergency incidents except level ii natural disasters taken ministry emergency management.
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Emergency management
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level iii iv nonnaturaldisasters public emergency incidents taken provincial prefectural government.level iv natural disasters managed national committee disaster reduction level ii iii natural disasters ministry emergency management.germany germany federal government controls german katastrophenschutz disaster relief technisches hilfswerk federal agency technical relief thw zivilschutz civil protection programs coordinated federal office civil protection disaster assistance.local fire department units german armed forces bundeswehr german federal police state police forces länderpolizei also deployed disaster relief operations.there several private organizations germany also deal emergency relief.among german red cross johanniterunfallhilfe german equivalent st. john ambulance malteserhilfsdienst arbeitersamariterbund.
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Emergency management
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program study university bonn leading degree master disaster prevention risk governance support function radio amateurs provide additional emergency communication networks frequent trainings.india national disaster management authority primary government agency responsible planning capacitybuilding disaster relief.emphasis primarily strategic risk management mitigation well developing policies planning.national institute disaster management policy thinktank training institution developing guidelines training programs mitigating disasters managing crisis response.the national disaster response force government agency primarily responsible emergency management natural manmade disasters specialized skills search rescue rehabilitation.ministry science technology also contains agency brings expertise earth scientists meteorologists emergency management.
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Emergency management
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indian armed forces also plays important role rescuerecovery operations disasters.aniruddhas academy disaster management aadm nonprofit organization mumbai india disaster management principal objective.japan fire disaster management agency national emergency management agency attached ministry internal affairs communications japan.malaysia malaysia national disaster management agency nadma malaysia focal point managing disaster.established prime ministers department october following flood took national security council.ministry home affairs ministry health ministry housing urban wellbeing local government also responsible managing emergencies.
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Emergency management
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several agencies involved emergency management royal malaysian police malaysian fire rescue department malaysian civil defence force ministry health malaysia malaysian maritime enforcement agency.also voluntary organisations involved emergencydisaster management st. john ambulance malaysia malaysian red crescent society.nepal nepal risk reduction consortium nrrc based hyogos framework nepals national strategy disaster risk management.arrangement unites humanitarian development partners government nepal identified flagship priorities sustainable disaster risk management.netherlands netherlands ministry justice security responsible emergency preparedness emergency management national level operates national crisis centre ncc.
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Emergency management
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country divided safety regions dutch veiligheidsregios.safety region four components regional fire department regional department medical care ambulances psychosociological care etc.regional dispatch section risk crisis management.regional dispatch operates police fire department regional medical care.dispatch three services combined one dispatch best multicoordinated response incident emergency.
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Emergency management
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also facilitates information management emergency communication care citizens.services main structure response emergency.happen specific emergency cooperation another service needed instance ministry defence water boards rijkswaterstaat.safety region integrate services structure adding specific conferences operational administrative level.all regions operate according coordinated regional incident management system.new zealand new zealand responsibility may handled either local national level depending scope emergencydisaster.
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Emergency management
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within region local governments organized civil defence emergency management groups cmgs.local arrangements overwhelmed preexisting mutualsupport arrangements activated.central government authority coordinate response national crisis management centre ncmc operated ministry civil defence emergency management mcdem.structures defined regulation explained guide national civil defence emergency management plan roughly equivalent u.s. federal emergency management agencys national response framework.new zealand uses unique terminology emergency management.emergency management rarely used many government publications retaining use term civil defence.
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Emergency management
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example minister civil defence responsible mcdem.civil defence emergency management term right defined statute.term disaster rarely appears official publications emergency incident preferred terms term event also used.example publications refer canterbury snow event .rs emergency management cycle used new zealand four phases known asreduction mitigationreadiness preparednessresponserecovery pakistan disaster management pakistan revolves around flood disasters focuses rescue relief.the federal flood commission established ministry water power manage issues flood management countrywide basis.the national disaster management ordinance national disaster management act enacted kashmir earthquake pakistan floods respectively deal disaster management.primary central authority mandated deal whole spectrum disasters management country national disaster management authority.in addition province along fata gilgit baltistan pakistani administered kashmir provincial disaster management authority responsible implementing policies plans disaster management province.each district district disaster management authority planning coordinating implementing body disaster management take measures purposes disaster management districts accordance guidelines laid national authority provincial authority.
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Emergency management
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philippines philippines national disaster risk reduction management council responsible protection welfare people disasters emergencies.working group composed various government nongovernment civil sector private sector organizations government republic philippines.headed secretary national defense office civil defense ndrrmcs implementing organization coordinates executive branches government presidents leagues local government units throughout country armed forces philippines philippine national police bureau fire protection agency department interior local government public private medical services responding natural manmade disasters well planning coordination training responsible units.nongovernmental organizations philippine red cross also provide manpower material support ndrrmc.russia russia ministry emergency situations emercom engaged fire fighting civil defense search rescue natural manmade disasters.
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Emergency management
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somalia somalia federal government announced may cabinet approved draft legislation new somali disaster management agency sdma originally proposed ministry interior.according prime ministers media office sdma leads coordinate governments response various natural disasters part broader effort federal authorities reestablish national institutions.federal parliament expected deliberate proposed bill endorsement amendments.turkey disaster emergency management presidency responsible.united kingdom following fuel protests severe flooding year well footandmouth crisis united kingdom passed civil contingencies act cca.
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Emergency management
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cca defined organisations category responders set responsibilities regarding emergency preparedness response.managed civil contingencies secretariat regional resilience forums local authorities.disaster management training generally conducted local level consolidated professional courses taken emergency planning college.diplomas undergraduate postgraduate qualifications gained universities throughout country.institute emergency management charity established providing consulting services government media commercial sectors.number professional societies emergency planners including emergency planning society institute civil protection emergency management.one largest emergency exercises uk carried may near belfast northern ireland simulated plane crashlanding belfast international airport.
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Emergency management
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staff five hospitals three airports participated drill almost international observers assessed effectiveness.united states disaster management united states utilized functional allhazards approach years managers develop processes communication warning sheltering rather developing singlehazard threat focused plans e.g.tornado plan.processes mapped specific hazards threats manager looking gaps overlaps conflicts processes.given notions emergency managers must identify contemplate assess possible manmade threats natural threats may affect respective locales.geographical differences throughout nation variety different threats affect communities among states.
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Emergency management
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thus although similarities may exist two emergency plans completely identical.additionally locale different resources capacities e.g.budgets personnel equipment etc.dealing emergencies.individual community must craft unique emergency plan addresses potential threats specific locality.this creates plan resilient unique events common processes defined encourages planning done stakeholders closer individual processes traffic management plan written public works director.
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Emergency management
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type planning lead conflict nonemergency management regulatory bodies require development hazardthreat specific plans development specific hn flu plans terrorismspecific plans.in united states disasters initially local local authorities usually police fire ems agency taking charge.many local municipalities may also separate dedicated office emergency management oem along personnel equipment.event becomes overwhelming local government state emergency management primary government structure united states becomes controlling emergency management agency.federal emergency management agency fema part department homeland security dhs lead federal agency emergency management.united states territories broken ten regions femas emergency management purposes.
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Emergency management
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fema supports override state authority.the citizen corps organization volunteer service programs administered locally coordinated nationally dhs seek mitigate disasters prepare population emergency response public education training outreach.disaster response carried volunteer organizations.us red cross chartered congress coordinate disaster response services.typically lead agency handling shelter feeding evacuees.religious organizations ability provide volunteers quickly usually integral response process.
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Emergency management
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largest salvation army primary focus chaplaincy rebuilding southern baptists focus food preparation distribution well cleaning floods fires chaplaincy mobile shower units chainsaw crews more.trained volunteers southern baptist disaster relief one largest disaster relief organizations us.similar services also provided methodist relief services lutherans samaritans purse.unaffiliated volunteers show large disasters.prevent abuse criminals safety volunteers procedures implemented within response agencies manage effectively use suvs spontaneous unaffiliated volunteers.the us congress established center excellence disaster management humanitarian assistance coe principal agency promote disaster preparedness asiapacific region.the national tribal emergency management council nemc nonprofit educational organization developed tribal organizations share information best practices well discuss issues regarding public health safety emergency management homeland security affecting first nations sovereignty.
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Emergency management
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ntmc organized regions based fema region system.ntmc founded northwest tribal emergency management council nwtemc consortium tribal nations villages washington idaho oregon alaska.if disaster emergency declared terror related incident national significance secretary homeland security initiate national response framework nrf.nrf allows integration federal resources local county state tribal entities management resources handled lowest possible level utilizing national incident management system nims.the centers disease control prevention offer information specific types emergencies disease outbreaks natural disasters severe weather chemical radiation accidents etc.emergency preparedness response program national institute occupational safety health develops resources address responder safety health responder recovery operations.femas emergency management institute emergency management institute emi serves national focal point development delivery emergency management training enhance capabilities state territorial local tribal government officials volunteer organizations femas disaster workforce federal agencies public private sectors minimize impact disasters emergencies american public.
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Emergency management
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emi curricula structured meet needs diverse audience emphasis separate organizations working together allhazards emergencies save lives protect property.particular emphasis placed governing doctrine national response framework nrf national incident management system nims national preparedness guidelines.emi fully accredited international association continuing education training iacet american council education ace.approximately participants attend resident courses year individuals participate nonresident programs sponsored emi conducted locally state emergency management agencies cooperative agreements fema.another individuals participate emisupported exercises approximately individuals participate chemical stockpile emergency preparedness program csepp.the independent study program emi consists free courses offered united states citizens comprehensive emergency management techniques.course entitled emergency manager orientation position provides background information fema role emergency managers agency volunteer organization coordination.
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