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And then this back down on the ground and you can see that the fungus is actually invading this tree. | A zatim, vratimo se dolje na zemlju pa možete vidjeti kako gljiva upravo napada ovo drvo. | en-hr |
So that white material that you see in between the bark and the wood is the mycelial felt of the fungus, and what it's doing -- it's actually slowly strangling the tree to death by preventing the flow of water and nutrients. | Tāpēc tas baltais materiāls, ko var redzēt starp mizu un koku ir sēnes micēlija filcs un tas, ko tā dara ... patiesībā ir lēna koka nožņaugšana, traucējot tam ūdens un barības vielu piekļuvi. | en-lv |
So this strategy has served it pretty well -- it's 2,400 years old. | Bu strateji ona hizmet ediyor gibi. 2,400 yaşında. | en-tr |
And then from underground to underwater. | A sada od 'iznad zemlje' idemo 'ispod mora'. | en-hr |
This is a Brain Coral living in Tobago that's around 2,000 years old. | Isto é um coral-cérebro que vive no Tobago com cerca de 2000 anos. | en-pt |
And I had to overcome my fear of deep water to find this one. | Bunu bulabilmek için derin su korkumu yenmem gerekti. | en-tr |
This is at about 60 feet or 18 meters, depth. | Deze leeft op ongeveer 60 voet, of 18 meter, diepte. | en-nl |
And you'll see, there's some damage to the surface of the coral. | サンゴの表面が傷ついています | en-ja |
That was actually caused by a school of parrot fish that had started eating it, though luckily, they lost interest before killing it. | Те бяха породени от пасаж от риби папагал, които бяха започнали да го ядат, но за щастие, бяха загубили интерес, преди да го убият. | en-bg |
Luckily still, it seems to be out of harm's way of the recent oil spill. | 更幸運的是，最近的原油外漏汙染 好像没有沒有影響到它。 | en-zh-tw |
But that being said, we just as easily could have lost one of the oldest living things on the planet, and the full impact of that disaster is still yet to be seen. | Şunu söylemeliyim ki dünya üzerinde yaşayan en yaşlı canlılardan birisini kolaylıkla kaybedebilirdik ve felaketin tam etkisi henüz görülmedi. | en-tr |
Now this is something that I think is one of the most quietly resilient things on the planet. | Ich glaube, das hier ist eines der stillsten und robustesten Dinge auf dem Planeten. | en-de |
This is clonal colony of Quaking Aspen trees, living in Utah, that is literally 80,000 years old. | Isto é uma colónia clonal de álamos de Quaking, que vive no Utah. Tem literalmente 80 000 anos. | en-pt |
What looks like a forest is actually only one tree. | Trông như 1 cái rừng nhưng thật ra chỉ có 1 cây. | en-vi |
Imagine that it's one giant root system and each tree is a stem coming up from that system. | 거대한 뿌리조직을 갖고 있고 각각의 나무들은 그 뿌리에서 뻗어나온 줄기라고 생각하시면 될 것 같습니다. | en-ko |
So what you have is one giant, interconnected, genetically identical individual that's been living for 80,000 years. | Så det vi har er et stort forbundet, genetisk identisk individ som har levet i 80'000 år. | en-da |
It also happens to be male and, in theory immortal. | Кроме того, это особь мужского пола, теоретически бессмертная. | en-ru |
(Laughter) This is a clonal tree as well. | (Śmiech) To również osobnik klonalny. | en-pl |
This is the spruce Gran Picea, which at 9,550 years is a mere babe in the woods. | Este es el abeto gran picea, que a los 9.550 años, no es más que un bebé en el bosque. | en-es |
The location of this tree is actually kept secret for its own protection. | Місцезнаходження цього дерева засекречене задля його ж безпеки. | en-uk |
I spoke to the biologist who discovered this tree, and he told me that that spindly growth you see there in the center is most likely a product of climate change. | שוחחתי עם הביולוג שגילה את העץ הזה, והוא אמר לי שהצימוח הדק הזה שרואים במרכז הוא כנראה תוצאה של שינויי האקלים. | en-he |
As it's gotten warmer on the top of the mountain, the vegetation zone is actually changing. | Como actualmente se ha vuelto más cálido en la cima de la montaña, la zona de vegetación está cambiando. | en-es |
So we don't even necessarily have to have direct contact with these organisms to have a very real impact on them. | Jadi kita bahkan tidak perlu berhubungan langsung dengan makhluk makhluk ini♫ untuk menghasilkan dampak serius bagi mereka. | en-id |
This is the Fortingall Yew -- no, I'm just kidding -- this is the Fortingall Yew. | Đây là cây thủy tùng Fortingall À không, tôi đùa thôi. Đây mới là cây thủy tùng Fortingall | en-vi |
(Laughter) But I put that slide in there because I'm often asked if there are any animals in the project. | ( خنده تماشاگران) من که اسلایدی در اینجا قرار دادم چون من اغلب می پرسند آیا حیوانی در این پروژه وجود دارد. | en-fa |
And aside from coral, the answer is no. | Y aparte del coral, la respuesta es no. | en-es |
Does anybody know how old the oldest tortoise is -- any guesses? | Vie niekto, koľko rokov má najstaršia korytnačka? Nejaké tipy? | en-sk |
(Audience: 300.) Rachel Sussman: 300? No, 175 is the oldest living tortoise, so nowhere near 2,000. | (Auditório: 300.) Rachel Sussman: 300? Não, 175 anos é a idade da tartaruga mais velha viva, logo nem um pouco perto de 2 mil anos. | en-pt-br |
And then, you might have heard of this giant clam that was discovered off the coast of northern Iceland that reached 405 years old. | I onda, možda ste čuli o divovskoj školjci koja je bila otkrivena na obalama sjevernog Islanda koja je navršila starost od 405 godina. | en-hr |
However, it died in the lab as they were determining its age. | Doduše, umrla je u laboratoriju dok su joj određivali starost. | en-hr |
The most interesting discovery of late, I think is the so-called immortal jellyfish, which has actually been observed in the lab to be able to be able to revert back to the polyp state after reaching full maturity. | 我想，最有意思的新發現， 是被稱之為燈塔水母的動物， 在實驗室裡觀察到 它在達到完全成熟階段後 能够回復到水螅蟲的狀態。 | en-zh-tw |
So that being said, it's highly unlikely that any jellyfish would survive that long in the wild. | Deci, asta fiind spus, este foarte improbabil că o meduză ar supravieţui atât de mult în sălbăticie. | en-ro |
And back to the yew here. | E ora torniamo a questo tasso. | en-it |
So as you can see, it's in a churchyard; it's in Scotland. It's behind a protective wall. | Zoals je ziet, staat hij op het kerkhof. Het is in Schotland. Achter een beschermende muur. | en-nl |
And there are actually a number or ancient yews in churchyards around the U.K., but if you do the math, you'll remember it's actually the yew trees that were there first, then the churches. | Et il y a en fait un certain nombre de vieux ifs autour des églises au Royaume-Uni, mais si vous faîtes le calcul, vous réaliserez qu'en fait les ifs étaient là avant les églises. | en-fr |
And now down to another part of the world. | А теперь вниз, в другую часть мира. | en-ru |
I had the opportunity to travel around the Limpopo Province in South Africa with an expert in Baobab trees. | Я була в Лімпопо в Південній Африці з експертом із баобабів. | en-uk |
And we saw a number of them, and this is most likely the oldest. | We zagen er een aantal, en dit is hoogstwaarschijnlijk de oudste. | en-nl |
It's around 2,000, and it's called the Sagole Baobab. | Are aproximativ 2.000 de ani, şi este numit Sagole Baobab. | en-ro |
And you know, I think of all of these organisms as palimpsests. | И знаете ли, мисля за всички тези организми, като палимпсести. | en-bg |
They contain thousands of years of their own histories within themselves, and they also contain records of natural and human events. | فهي تحمل في طياتها آلاف السنين من تاريخها الذاتي كما انها تحتفظ بسجلات الأحداث الطبيعية و الإنسانية | en-ar |
And the Baobabs in particular are a great example of this. | Ve baobab ağaçları bunun için mükemmel birer örnek. | en-tr |
You can see that this one has names carved into its trunk, but it also records some natural events. | Θα δείτε ότι αυτό εδώ έχει ονόματα χαραγμένα στον κορμό του, αλλά καταγράφει επίσης φυσικά γεγονότα. | en-el |
So the Baobabs, as they get older, tend to get pulpy in their centers and hollow out. | Έτσι τα Μπαομπάμπ, καθώς μεγαλώνουν, έχουν την τάση γίνονται πλαδαρά στο κέντρο τους καθώς κουφώνουν. | en-el |
And this can create great natural shelters for animals, but they've also been appropriated for some rather dubious human uses, including a bar, a prison and even a toilet inside of a tree. | Isso pode criar excelentes abrigos naturais para os animais, mas também têm sido adequados para algumas acções humanas duvidosas, incluindo um bar, uma prisão, e, inclusivamente, um sanitário dentro da árvore. | en-pt |
And this brings me to another favorite of mine -- I think, because it is just so unusual. | Et cela me ramène à un de mes préférés -- surement parce qu'il est si inhabituel. | en-fr |
This plant is called the Welwitschia, and it lives only in parts of coastal Namibia and Angola, where it's uniquely adapted to collect moisture from mist coming off the sea. | Velvícsiának hívják ezt a növényt, kizárólag Namíbia és Angola partmenti részein él, ahol egyedi módon a tengerről felszálló pára élteti. | en-hu |
And what's more, it's actually a tree. | ויותר מכך, זה למעשה עץ. | en-he |
It's a primitive conifer. | Det er et primitivt nåletræ. | en-da |
You'll notice that it's bearing cones down the center. | Θα παρατηρήσετε ότι φέρει κώνους στο κέντρο. | en-el |
And what looks like two big heaps of leaves, is actually two single leaves that get shredded up by the harsh desert conditions over time. | E quelli che sembrano due grossi mucchi di foglie in realtà sono due foglie singole che sono state ridotte in brandelli dalle dure condizioni del deserto nel corso degli anni. | en-it |
And it actually never sheds those leaves, so it also bears the distinction of having the longest leaves in the plant kingdom. | И то всъщност никога не хвърля тези листа, така че носи призванието, да има най-дългите листа, в растителния свят. | en-bg |
I spoke to a biologist at the Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden in Capetown to ask him where he thought this remarkable plant came from, and his thought was that if you travel around Namibia, you see that there are a number of petrified forests, and the logs are all -- the logs are all giant coniferous trees, and yet there... | Hovorila som s biológom v botanickej záhrade Kirstenbosch v Kapskom meste a spýtala som sa ho, odkiaľ si myslí, že táto rastlina pochádza, a on mi povedal, že ak precestujete Namíbiu, uvidíte množstvo skamanených lesov, a všetky brvná sú -- všetky brvná sú z obrovských ihličnatých stromov a nie je tam žiadna známka toh... | en-sk |
So his thought was that flooding in the north of Africa actually brought those coniferous trees down tens of thousands of years ago, and what resulted was this remarkable adaptation to this unique desert environment. | Así que él pensaba que las inundaciones en el norte de África derribaron estas coníferas hace decenas de miles de años, y de eso resultó esta adaptación sorprendente a este ambiente único del desierto. | en-es |
This is what I think is the most poetic of the oldest living things. | Voici je crois le plus poétique des plus vieux êtres vivants. | en-fr |
This is something called an underground forest. | Yeraltı ormanı olarak anılan birşey. | en-tr |
So, I spoke to a botanist at the Pretoria Botanical Garden, who explained that certain species of trees have adapted to this region. | Говорих с ботаник от Ботаническата градина в Претория, който обясни, че някои видове дървета са се приспособили към този регион. | en-bg |
It's bushfelt region, which is dry and prone to a lot of fires, as so what these trees have done is, if you can imagine that this is the crown of the tree, and that this is ground level, imagine that the whole thing, that whole bulk of the tree, migrated underground, and you just have those leaves peeping up above the ... | Đây là khu vực hoang dã (bushveld) rất khô và có khả năng bốc hỏa, và điều mà những cái cây này đã làm là nếu bạn tưởng tượng đây là những cái đỉnh của cây, và đây là mặt đất, và tất cả tất cả những cái cây, đã dịch chuyển xuống lòng đất, và chỉ có những cái lá hở ra trên mặt đất. | en-vi |
That way, when a fire roars through, it's the equivalent of getting your eyebrows singed. | Dengan cara ini, saat terjadi kebakaran sama seperti jika alis anda hangus. | en-id |
The tree can easily recover. | A fa könnyen magához tér. | en-hu |
These also tend to grow clonally, the oldest of which is 13,000 years old. | Wśród nich często spotyka się osobniki klonalne, a najstarszy z nich ma 13 000 lat. | en-pl |
Back in the U.S., there's a couple plants of similar age. | Zurück in den USA gibt es ein paar ähnlich alte Pflanzen. | en-de |
This is the clonal Creosote bush, which is around 12,000 years old. | Đây là bụi cây vô tính Creosote, khoản 12.000 năm tuổi. | en-vi |
If you've been in the American West, you know the Creosote bush is pretty ubiquitous, but that being said, you see that this has this unique, circular form. | Se você já esteve no oeste americano, você sabe que o arbusto de creosota está por todos os lados, mas dito isso, você vê que ele tem essa forma única e circular. | en-pt-br |
And what's happening is it's expanding slowly outwards from that original shape. | و چیزی که اتفاق می افتد این است که به آهستگی به خارج از شکل اصلی گسترش می یابد. | en-fa |
And it's one -- again, that interconnected root system, making it one genetically identical individual. | و مرةً أخرى يعود ذلك إلى نظام الجذور المترابطة التي تجعل منها كائن واحد متطابق وراثياً | en-ar |
It also has a friend nearby -- well, I think they're friends. | ولديها صديق قريب منها بإعتقادي أنهم أصدقاء | en-ar |
This is the clonal Mojave yucca, it's about a mile away, and it's a little bit older than 12,000 years. | خوب ، درخت یوکای امریکایی کلونال موهاوی، آن را حدود یک مایل فاصله است ، و کمی مسن تر از 12000 سال است. | en-fa |
And you see it has that similar circular form. | Sie sehen auch hier eine ähnliche Kreisform. | en-de |
And there's some younger clones dotting the landscape behind it. | И има някои по-млади клонинги, които осейват пейзажа зад нея. | en-bg |
And both of these, the yucca and the Creosote bush, live on Bureau of Land Management land, and that's very different from being protected in a national park. | Mindketten, a jukka és a kreozotcserje is a "Bureau of Land Management" földjén élnek, ami korántsem olyan védett, mint egy nemzeti park. | en-hu |
In fact, this land is designated for recreational all-terrain vehicle use. | في الحقيقة, هذه الأرض مخصصة لإستخدام المركبات الترفيهية لجميع أنواع التضاريس | en-ar |
So, now I want to show what very well might be the oldest living thing on the planet. | Λοιπόν, τώρα θέλω να σας δείξω αυτό που μπορεί να είναι το παλιότερο πλάσμα στον πλανήτη. | en-el |
This is Siberian Actinobacteria, which is between 400,000 and 600,000 years old. | Hier sind die sibirische Actinobakterien die zwischen 400.000 und 600.000 Jahre alt sind. | en-de |
This bacteria was discovered several years ago by a team of planetary biologists hoping to find clues to life on other planets by looking at one of the harshest conditions on ours. | 数年前に惑星生物学者のチームが 他の星に生命がいる手がかりを探そうと 地球で最も厳しい気候の場所を探査している際に 発見しました | en-ja |
And what they found, by doing research into the permafrost, was this bacteria. | Door de permafrost te onderzoeken, vonden ze deze bacterie. | en-nl |
But what's unique about it is that it's doing DNA repair below freezing. | Men hvad der er unikt ved den er at den udfører DNA reparationer under frysepunktet. | en-da |
And what that means is that it's not dormant -- it's actually been living and growing for half a million years. | Oznacza to, że nie znajduje się w stanie uśpienia - żyje i rozwija się już od pół miliona lat. żyje i rozwija się już od pół miliona lat. | en-pl |
It's also probably one the most vulnerable of the oldest living things, because if the permafrost melts, it won't survive. | הוא כנראה גם אחד הפגיעים ביותר מהדברים החיים הכי זקנים, כי אם שכבת הקרקע הקפואה תפשיר, הוא לא ישרוד. | en-he |
This is a map that I've put together of the oldest living things, so you can get a sense of where they are; you see they're all over the world. | این یک نقشه است که همه موجودات کهنسال کنار هم قرار داده شده اند، خوب می توانید اینکه آنها کجا هستند را احساس کنید، می بینید آنها در همه جای دنیا هستند. | en-fa |
The blue flags represent things that I've already photographed, and the reds are places that I'm still trying to get to. | Le bandierine blu rappresentano quelle che ho già fotografato, e le rosse i luoghi dove sto ancora tentando di andare. | en-it |
You'll see also, there's a flag on Antarctica. | Veţi vedea de asemenea, există un steag pe Antarctica. | en-ro |
I'm trying to travel there to find 5,000 year-old moss, which lives on the Antarctic Peninsula. | Es gribu nokļūt tur, lai atrastu 5,000 gadu vecas sūnas, kuras aug Antarktīdas pussalā. | en-lv |
So, I probably have about two more years left on this project -- on this phase of the project, but after five years, I really feel like I know what's at the heart of this work. | И така, вероятно ми остават още две години от този проект -- от тази фаза на проекта, но след пет години, наистина чувствам, че знам какво е в основата на тази работа. | en-bg |
The oldest living things in the world are a record and celebration of our past, a call to action in the present and a barometer of our future. | Die ältesten Lebewesen dieser Welt sind gleichzeitig Aufnahme und Feier der Vergangenheit, Aufruf zum Handeln in der Gegenwart und Barometer für die Zukunft. | en-de |
They've survived for millennia in desert, in the permafrost, at the tops of mountains and at the bottom of the ocean. | Ils ont survécu pendant des millénaires dans le désert, dans le permafrost, au sommet des montagnes et au fond des océans. | en-fr |
They've withstood untold natural perils and human encroachments, but now some of them are in jeopardy, and they can't just get up and get out of the way. | Έχουν αντισταθεί σε ανείπωτους φυσικούς κινδύνους και ανθρώπινες εισβολές αλλά τώρα μερικά κινδυνεύουν και δεν μπορούν απλά να σηκωθούν και να φύγουν. | en-el |
It's my hope that, by going to find these organisms, that I can help draw attention to their remarkable resilience and help play a part in insuring their continued longevity into the foreseeable future. | Ik hoop dat ik, door deze organismen op te zoeken, de aandacht kan vestigen op hun opmerkelijke veerkracht en kan helpen bij het verzekeren van de voortzetting van hun lange leven in de nabije toekomst. | en-nl |
Well, that's kind of an obvious statement up there. | Tuo toteamus on melko itsestään selvä. | en-fi |
I started with that sentence about 12 years ago, and I started in the context of developing countries, but you're sitting here from every corner of the world. | Vor 12 Jahren habe ich mit diesem Satz begonnen. Ich begann im Zusammenhang mit Entwicklungsländern, aber Sie hier kommen aus allen Ecken der Welt. | en-de |
So if you think of a map of your country, I think you'll realize that for every country on Earth, you could draw little circles to say, "These are places where good teachers won't go." | 自国の地図を頭に浮かべてください お気づきになると思います 地球上のどの国にも あてはまる場所があります 「優秀な教師の行きたがらない地域がある」 | en-ja |
On top of that, those are the places from where trouble comes. | ဒါ့အပြင် အဲဒီနေရာတွေဟာ ပြဿနာတွေ လာတဲ့ နေရာတွေ ဖြစ်နေပြန်တယ် | en-my |
So we have an ironic problem -- good teachers don't want to go to just those places where they're needed the most. | 這是個有點諷刺意味的問題 好老師不願意去 那些最需要他們的地方 | en-zh-tw |
I started in 1999 to try and address this problem with an experiment, which was a very simple experiment in New Delhi. | Почео сам 1999. у покушају да решим овај проблем једним експериментом, једноставним експериментом, у Њу Делхију. | en-sr |
I basically embedded a computer into a wall of a slum in New Delhi. | Аз просто вградих един компютър в една стена на гето в Ню Делхи. | en-bg |
The children barely went to school, they didn't know any English -- they'd never seen a computer before, and they didn't know what the internet was. | Діти майже не ходили до школи. Вони зовсім не знали англійської. Вони раніше ніколи не бачили компьютер, і не знали, що таке Інтернет. | en-uk |
I connected high speed internet to it -- it's about three feet off the ground -- turned it on and left it there. | هێڵی ئینتەرنێتەکەم لێبەست، سێ پێ بەرز بوو لەزەویەوە خستمە کارو لەوێ بەجێم هێشت | en-ku |
After this, we noticed a couple of interesting things, which you'll see. | После этого мы заметили пару интересных вещей, вы их сейчас увидите. | en-ru |
But I repeated this all over India and then through a large part of the world and noticed that children will learn to do what they want to learn to do. | Toistin tämän ympäri Intiaa ja sitten ympäri suurta osaa maapallosta ja havaitsin, että lapset oppivat tekemään sitä, mitä he haluavat oppia tekemään. | en-fi |
This is the first experiment that we did -- eight year-old boy on your right teaching his student, a six year-old girl, and he was teaching her how to browse. | Это наш первый эксперимент - 8-летний мальчик справа от вас обучает свою ученицу, 6-летнюю девочку, Он показывает, как просматривать страницы в Интернете. | en-ru |
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