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Within five years, each of these kids is going to have access to a cellphone capable of full-on web video and capable of uploading video to the web. | Dans les cinq ans, chacun de ces enfants va avoir accès à un téléphone portable capable d'afficher la vidéo web et capable de mettre en ligne la vidéo sur le web. | en-fr-ca |
I mean, is it crazy to think that this girl, in the back, at the right, in 15 years, might be sharing the idea that keeps the world beautiful for your grandchildren? | Мислим, да ли је лудо мислити да ће ова девојчица, у позадини десно, за 15 година можда делити идеју која свет одржава лепим за ваше унуке? | en-sr |
It's not crazy; it's actually happening right now. | Не е лудост, всъщност то се случва в момента. | en-bg |
I want to introduce you to a good friend of TED who just happens to live in Africa's biggest shantytown. | Je tiens à vous présenter un bon ami de TED qui se trouve vivre dans le plus grand bidonville de l'Afrique. | en-fr-ca |
(Video) Christopher Makau: Hi. My name is Christopher Makau. | (影片) 嗨，我叫 Christopher Makau | en-zh-tw |
I'm one of the organizers of TEDxKibera. | Je suis l'un des organisateurs de TEDxKibera. | en-fr-ca |
There are so many good things which are happening right here in Kibera. | יש כל-כך הרבה דברים טובים המתרחשים ממש כאן בקיברה. | en-he |
There's a self-help group. | יש קבוצת עזרה-עצמית. | en-he |
They turned a trash place into a garden. | Přeměnili skládku v zahradu. | en-cs |
The same spot, it was a crime spot where people were being robbed. | そこは 強盗事件が起きる 犯罪地域でしたが | en-ja |
They used the same trash to form green manure. | Zużyto te same odpady żeby stworzyć nawóz. | en-pl |
The same trash site is feeding more than 30 families. | El mismo basural está alimentando a más de 30 familias. | en-es |
We have our own film school. | Avem propria noastră şcoală de film. | en-ro |
They are using Flip cameras to record, edit, and reporting to their own channel, Kibera TV. | Ők egyszerű filmfelvevőket használnak felvételre, vágásra, és jelentésekre a saját csatornájuk, a Kibera TV felé. | en-hu |
Because of a scarcity of land, we are using the sacks to grow vegetables, and also [we're] able to save on the cost of living. | Devido à escassez de terra, estamos a usar os sacos para plantar vegetais. Também economizamos no preço ao consumidor. | en-pt |
Change happens when we see things in a different way. | Il cambiamento avviene quando vediamo le cose in modo diverso. | en-it |
Today, I see Kibera in a different way. | Dnes se dívám na Kiberu jiným způsobem. | en-cs |
My message to TEDGlobal and the entire world is: Kibera is a hotbed of innovation and ideas. | پیام من به TEDGlobal و همه جهان این است: کیبرا بسترداغِ نوآوری و ایده است. کیبرا بسترداغِ نوآوری و ایده است. | en-fa |
(Applause) CA: You know what? | (Ръкопляскания) KA: Знаете ли какво? | en-bg |
I bet Chris has always been an inspiring guy. | Jag tror att Chris alltid har varit en inspirerande man. | en-sv |
What's new -- and it's huge -- is that, for the first time, we get to see him, and he can see us. | 新消息是 -- 這是個大消息 -- 這是第一次我們能看到他 而且他能看到我們 | en-zh-tw |
Right now, Chris and Kevin and Dennis and Dickson and their friends are watching us, in Nairobi, right now. | Saat ini, Chris dan Kevin dan Dennis dan Dickson dan teman-teman mereka sedang menyaksikan kita, dari Nairobi, saat ini juga. | en-id |
Guys, we've learned from you today. | Srácok, ma tanultunk tőletek. | en-hu |
Let's start with day and night. | Začnime s dňom a nocou. | en-sk |
Life evolved under conditions of light and darkness, light and then darkness. | Az élet a fény és sötétség, fény és sötétség váltakozása alatt fejlődött ki. | en-hu |
And so plants and animals developed their own internal clocks so that they would be ready for these changes in light. | Und so haben Pflanzen und Tiere ihre eigenen inneren Uhren entwickelt, um sich an diese Veränderungen des Lichts anzupassen. | en-de |
These are chemical clocks, and they're found in every known being that has two or more cells and in some that only have one cell. | 이것들은 화학적인 시계이며, 두 개 이상의 세포를 가진 알려진 모든 생명체에서 발견되고 일부 단세포 생명체에서도 발견됩니다. | en-ko |
I'll give you an example -- if you take a horseshoe crab off the beach, and you fly it all the way across the continent, and you drop it into a sloped cage, it will scramble up the floor of the cage as the tide is rising on its home shores, and it'll skitter down again right as the water is receding thousands of miles ... | Podam przykład. Jeśli zabierzesz kraba z plaży, przetransportujesz na drugi kraniec kontynentu i wrzucisz do skośnej klatki, będzie się wspinał po klatce w rytm przypływu z rodzinnych stron, a podczas odpływu będzie schodził, tysiące mil od domu. | en-pl |
It'll do this for weeks, until it kind of gradually loses the plot. | To će raditi nedeljama dok postepeno ne izgubi naviku. | en-sr |
And it's incredible to watch, but there's nothing psychic or paranormal going on; it's simply that these crabs have internal cycles that correspond, usually, with what's going on around it. | Suatu hal yang luar biasa untuk dilihat, namun tidak ada hal yang aneh atau mistis terjadi di sini; sederhananya kepiting mimi ini memiliki siklus internal yang sesuai, biasanya, dengan apa yang terjadi di sekitarnya. | en-id |
So, we have this ability as well. | Nosaltres també tenim aquesta capacitat. | en-ca |
And in humans, we call it the "body clock." | وە لە مرۆڤدا پێی دەگوترێت 'کاتژمێری لەش'. | en-ku |
You can see this most clearly when you take away someone's watch and you shut them into a bunker, deep underground, for a couple of months. (Laughter) People actually volunteer for this, and they usually come out kind of raving about their productive time in the hole. | To možete najbolje vidjeti kada nekome uzmete sat i zatvorite ga u bunker, duboko pod zemljom, nekoliko mjeseci. Ljudi se čak dobrovoljno javljaju za ovo, i obično izlaze nekako buncajući o svom produktivnom vremenu u rupi. | en-hr |
So, no matter how atypical these subjects would have to be, they all show the same thing. | Bu konular ne kadar tipik olmasalarda önemli değil, hepsi aynı şeyi gösteriyor. | en-tr |
They get up just a little bit later every day -- say 15 minutes or so -- and they kind of drift all the way around the clock like this over the course of the weeks. | Oni ustaju po malo kasnije svakog dana -- recimo 15 minuta ili tako -- i oni, u neku ruku, odstupaju od sata ovako tokom nedelja. | en-sr |
And so, in this way we know that they are working on their own internal clocks, rather than somehow sensing the day outside. | Og så, på denne måten, vet vi at de arbeider etter sin egne interne klokker, i stedet for å sanse dagen på utsiden. | en-nb |
So fine, we have a body clock, and it turns out that it's incredibly important in our lives. | Dobre, takže máme biologické hodiny. A vyzerá to tak, že sú v našom živote nesmierne dôležité. | en-sk |
It's a huge driver for culture and I think that it's the most underrated force on our behavior. | C'est un puissant moteur de culture, et je pense que c'est la force la plus sous-estimée agissant sur notre comportement. | en-fr |
We evolved as a species near the equator, and so we're very well-equipped to deal with 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness. | Razvili smo se kot vrsta blizu ekvatorja, zato smo dobro pripravljeni na delovanje v 12-urni svetlobi in 12-urni temi. | en-sl |
But of course, we've spread to every corner of the globe and in Arctic Canada, where I live, we have perpetual daylight in summer and 24 hours of darkness in winter. | Ali naravno, rasprostranili smo se u svaki kutak sveta i u artičkoj Kanadi, gde ja živim, imamo neprestanu dnevnu svetlost leti i 24 časa mraka zimi. | en-sr |
So the culture, the northern aboriginal culture, traditionally has been highly seasonal. | Takže kultura, severská aboriginská kultura, byla tradičně vysoce sezónní. | en-cs |
In winter, there's a lot of sleeping going on; you enjoy your family life inside. | 冬天，人們睡覺的時間很常， 也都待在屋內享受家庭生活； | en-zh-tw |
And in summer, it's almost manic hunting and working activity very long hours, very active. | နွေရာသီမှာတော့ အလွန်အမင်း တက်ကြွတော့မလောက် အမဲလိုက်တာနဲ့ နာရီပေါင်းများစွာ တက်တက်ကြွကြွ အလုပ်လုပ်တာတို့ပေါ့။ အရမ်းကို တက်ကြွတာပါပဲရှင်။ | en-my |
So, what would our natural rhythm look like? | И така, как би изглеждал естествения ни ритъм? | en-bg |
What would our sleeping patterns be in the sort of ideal sense? | 理想的人類睡眠 又該呈現什麼模式？ | en-zh-tw |
Well, it turns out that when people are living without any sort of artificial light at all, they sleep twice every night. | Ukázalo sa, že ak ľudia žijú bez akéhokoľvek umelého svetla, spia dvakrát v noci. | en-sk |
They go to bed around 8:00 p.m. | Idu u krevet oko 8 sati uveče | en-sr |
until midnight and then again, they sleep from about 2:00 a.m. until sunrise. | спят до полуночи, а второй раз засыпают около двух часов ночи и спят до рассвета. | en-ru |
And in-between, they have a couple of hours of sort of meditative quiet in bed. | Và giữa 2 khoảng đó, họ có khoảng 2 tiếng nằm trên giường, vắt tay lên trán suy tư. | en-vi |
And during this time, there's a surge of prolactin, the likes of which a modern day never sees. | E durante esse tempo, há um aumento da prolactina, coisa que não se vivencia num dia moderno. | en-pt-br |
The people in these studies report feeling so awake during the daytime, that they realize they're experiencing true wakefulness for the first time in their lives. | อาสาสมัครในงานวิจัยเหล่านี้ รายงานว่าพวกเขารู้สึกตื่นตัวอย่างมากช่วงเวลากลางวัน และรู้ตัวว่า พวกเขามีประสบการณ์นอนไม่หลับอย่างจริงจัง เป็นครั้งแรกในชีวิต | en-th |
So, cut to the modern day. | Wracając do współczesności. | en-pl |
We're living in a culture of jet lag, global travel, 24-hour business, shift work. | Kita tinggal di dalam budaya jet lag, perjalanan global, bisnis 24 jam, bekerja bergiliran. | en-id |
And you know, our modern ways of doing things have their advantages, but I believe we should understand the costs. | Nuestras formas modernas de hacer las cosas tienen sus ventajas pero creo que deberíamos entender los costos. | en-es |
For the last 10 years, I've been spending my time trying to figure out how and why human beings assemble themselves into social networks. | Последњих 10 година проводим време у покушавању да схватим како и зашто се људска бића окупљају у друштвене мреже. | en-sr |
And the kind of social network I'm talking about is not the recent online variety, but rather, the kind of social networks that human beings have been assembling for hundreds of thousands of years, ever since we emerged from the African savannah. | E o tipo de rede social de que estou a falar não é a recente versão online, mas antes o tipo de redes sociais que os seres humanos têm vindo a construir há centenas de milhares de anos, desde que nós emergimos [para] a savana africana. | en-pt |
So, I form friendships and co-worker and sibling and relative relationships with other people who in turn have similar relationships with other people. | Así, entablo amistades y relaciones laborales, y relaciones fraternales y de parentesco con otra gente, quienes a su vez tienen relaciones con otras personas. | en-es |
And this spreads on out endlessly into a distance. | Und das geht endlos so weiter. | en-de |
And you get a network that looks like this. | E você tem uma rede parecida com essa. | en-pt-br |
Every dot is a person. | Każda kropka to osoba. | en-pl |
Every line between them is a relationship between two people -- different kinds of relationships. | Každá čára představuje vztah mezi dvěma lidmi -- různé typy vztahů. | en-cs |
And you can get this kind of vast fabric of humanity, in which we're all embedded. | Và thế là bạn có được tấm vải rộng lớn của nhân loại mà chúng ta đều nằm trong đó. | en-vi |
And my colleague, James Fowler and I have been studying for quite sometime what are the mathematical, social, biological and psychological rules that govern how these networks are assembled and what are the similar rules that govern how they operate, how they affect our lives. | 我的同事James Fowler和我花了滿長時間研究， 想找到一個基於數學、社會學、 生物學或是心理學的規則， 能夠主導這些網路的形成。 以及是否有類似的規則 主導網路的運作，進而影響我們的生活。 | en-zh-tw |
But recently, we've been wondering whether it might be possible to take advantage of this insight, to actually find ways to improve the world, to do something better, to actually fix things, not just understand things. | ולאחרונה, התחלנו לתהות האם ייתכן לנצל את התובנה הזו, על מנת למצוא דרכים לשפר את העולם, לעשייה חיובית יותר, לתקן דברים, לא רק להבין דברים. | en-he |
So one of the first things we thought we would tackle would be how we go about predicting epidemics. | Astfel, unul din primele lucruri pe care le-am avea în vedere ar fi cum am putea prezice epidemii. | en-ro |
And the current state of the art in predicting an epidemic -- if you're the CDC or some other national body -- is to sit in the middle where you are and collect data from physicians and laboratories in the field that report the prevalence or the incidence of certain conditions. | Stadiul actual în acest domeniu -- dacă faci parte din CDC sau altă instituție națională -- este să stai în locul în care ești deja şi să colectezi date de la medici și laboratoare specializate care raportează prevalenţa sau incidenţa anumitor afecțiuni. | en-ro |
So, so and so patients have been diagnosed with something, or other patients have been diagnosed, and all these data are fed into a central repository, with some delay. | Дакле, толико и толико пацијената има такву дијагнозу овде, или неки други имају дијагнозу овде, и сви ови подаци сливају се у централно складиште, са кашњењем. | en-sr |
And if everything goes smoothly, one to two weeks from now you'll know where the epidemic was today. | E se tudo corre bem, daqui a uma ou duas semanas, saberás onde a epidemia está hoje. | en-pt |
And actually, about a year or so ago, there was this promulgation of the idea of Google Flu Trends, with respect to the flu, where by looking at people's searching behavior today, we could know where the flu -- what the status of the epidemic was today, what's the prevalence of the epidemic today. | И всъщност преди около една година беше обявена идеята за Гугъл грипни тенденции, по отношение на грипа, където, гледайки поведението на търсене на хората днес, бихме могли да знаем къде грипа ... какво е състоянието на епидемията днес, какво е разпространението на епидемията днес. | en-bg |
But what I'd like to show you today is a means by which we might get not just rapid warning about an epidemic, but also actually early detection of an epidemic. | Wat ik vandaag graag laat zien, is een manier waarmee we niet alleen een snelle waarschuwing krijgen voor een epidemie, maar waarmee we een epidemie zelfs in een vroeg stadium kunnen ontdekken. | en-nl |
And, in fact, this idea can be used not just to predict epidemics of germs, but also to predict epidemics of all sorts of kinds. | Και αυτή η ιδέα μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί όχι απλά στην πρόβλεψη επιδημιών από μικρόβια αλλά επίσης στην πρόβλεψη επιδημιών κάθε είδους. | en-el |
For example, anything that spreads by a form of social contagion could be understood in this way, from abstract ideas on the left like patriotism, or altruism, or religion to practices like dieting behavior, or book purchasing, or drinking, or bicycle-helmet [and] other safety practices, or products that people might b... | לדוגמה, כל מה שמתפשט בצורה של הדבקה חברתית יוכל להיות מובן בצורה הזו, החל מרעיונות מופשטים משמאל כמו פטריוטיות, אלטרואיזם או דת וכלה במנהגים כמו הרגלי דיאטה, או קניית ספרים, או שתייה, או קסדות אופניים...[ו] נוהגי בטיחות אחרים, או מוצרים שאנשים עשויים לקנות, רכישות של מוצרי אלקטרוניקה כל דבר בו יש צורה כלשהי של התפשטות ... | en-he |
A kind of a diffusion of innovation could be understood and predicted by the mechanism I'm going to show you now. | Bir yeniliğin yayılma türü size şimdi göstereceğim yapı ile anlaşılabilir ve öngörülebilir. | en-tr |
So, as all of you probably know, the classic way of thinking about this is the diffusion-of-innovation, or the adoption curve. | Zoals jullie waarschijnlijk allemaal weten, denkt men hier meestal over in termen van de verspreidingscurve. | en-nl |
So here on the Y-axis, we have the percent of the people affected, and on the X-axis, we have time. | Aqui no eixo do Y, temos a percentagem de pessoas afectadas, e no eixo X, temos o tempo. | en-pt |
And at the very beginning, not too many people are affected, and you get this classic sigmoidal, or S-shaped, curve. | E all'inizio, non sono in tanti ad essere colpiti, ottenete la classica sigmoidale, o curva ad "S". | en-it |
And the reason for this shape is that at the very beginning, let's say one or two people are infected, or affected by the thing and then they affect, or infect, two people, who in turn affect four, eight, 16 and so forth, and you get the epidemic growth phase of the curve. | Motivul pentru care obținem această formă este că, la început, să spunem, unul sau doi oameni sunt afectați, sau infectați, și apoi afectează, sau infectează, doi oameni, care, la rândul lor, infectează patru, opt, 16 și aşa mai departe, astfel obținând porțiunea din curbă care indică creșterea. | en-ro |
And eventually, you saturate the population. | И коначно, дође до засићења популације. | en-sr |
There are fewer and fewer people who are still available that you might infect, and then you get the plateau of the curve, and you get this classic sigmoidal curve. | Υπάρχουν όλο και λιγότεροι άνθρωποι που ακόμα θα μπορούσατε να μολύνετε, και τότε παίρνετε το πλατώ της καμπύλης, και έχετε αυτή την κλασική σιγμοειδή καμπύλη. | en-el |
And this holds for germs, ideas, product adoption, behaviors, and the like. | Dit geldt voor ziekten, ideeën producten, gedrag, enzovoort. | en-nl |
But things don't just diffuse in human populations at random. | Ale w populacji ludzi rzeczy nie rozprzestrzeniają się w sposób przypadkowy. | en-pl |
They actually diffuse through networks. | 而是隨著網路分布來擴散。 | en-zh-tw |
Because, as I said, we live our lives in networks, and these networks have a particular kind of a structure. | زیرا همان طور که گفتم ما درون شبکه ها زندگی میکنیم و این شبکه ها ویژگی های خاصی دارند | en-fa |
Now if you look at a network like this -- this is 105 people. | Teraz.. jeśli popatrzycie na sieć w taki sposób... To jest 105 osób. | en-pl |
And the lines represent -- the dots are the people, and the lines represent friendship relationships. | Линије представњају... тачке су људи, а линије представљају пријатељске везе. | en-sr |
You might see that people occupy different locations within the network. | Puede verse que las personas ocupan distintas ubicaciones en la red. | en-es |
And there are different kinds of relationships between the people. | A vztahy mezi lidmi mají nejrůznější charakter. | en-cs |
You could have friendship relationships, sibling relationships, spousal relationships, co-worker relationships, neighbor relationships and the like. | Você poderia ter relações de amizade, relações de irmãos, relações conjugais, relações de trabalho, relações de vizinhos e assim por diante. | en-pt-br |
And different sorts of things spread across different sorts of ties. | و أنواع مختلفة من الأشياء تنتشر عبر روابط مختلفة | en-ar |
For instance, sexually transmitted diseases will spread across sexual ties. | На пример, сексуално преносиве болести шириће се сексуалним везама. | en-sr |
Or, for instance, people's smoking behavior might be influenced by their friends. | Ou por exemplo, o comportamento de fumar pode ser influenciado por amigos. | en-pt-br |
Or their altruistic or their charitable giving behavior might be influenced by their coworkers, or by their neighbors. | Jejich altruismus či ochota přispívat na charitu mohou být ovlivněny jejich spolupracovníky či sousedy. | en-cs |
But not all positions in the network are the same. | Nem minden helyzet egyforma a hálózaton belül. | en-hu |
So if you look at this, you might immediately grasp that different people have different numbers of connections. | Podíváte-li se sem, okamžitě si všimnete, že různí lidé mají odlišný počet vazeb. | en-cs |
Some people have one connection, some have two, some have six, some have 10 connections. | Algumas pessoas têm uma conexão, algumas têm duas, algumas têm seis, algumas têm 10 conexões. | en-pt |
And this is called the "degree" of a node, or the number of connections that a node has. | Och detta kallas "rang" (eng. "degree") för en nod, eller antalet en anknytningar en nod har. | en-sv |
But in addition, there's something else. | Ale, ponad to, jest coś jeszcze. | en-pl |
So, if you look at nodes A and B, they both have six connections. | Assim, se olharem para os nós A e B, ambos têm seis conexões. | en-pt |
But if you can see this image [of the network] from a bird's eye view, you can appreciate that there's something very different about nodes A and B. | Ma se guardate questa immagine [della rete] dall'alto, si può notare che c'è una grossa differenza tra il nodo A e quello B. | en-it |
So, let me ask you this -- I can cultivate this intuition by asking a question -- who would you rather be if a deadly germ was spreading through the network, A or B? | Deixem-me perguntar-vos isto - posso cultivar esta intuição fazendo uma pergunta - quem preferiam ser se um germe mortífero se estivesse a espalhar através da rede, A ou B? | en-pt |
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