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I call this the "slow hunch." | En dic "el pressentiment lent". | en-ca |
We've heard a lot recently about hunch and instinct and blink-like sudden moments of clarity, but, in fact, a lot of great ideas linger on, sometimes for decades, in the back of people's minds. | Recentemente si è molto sentito parlare di intuizione e istinto e di momenti subitanei di illuminazione, ma in realtà, molte grandi idee permangono, a volte per decenni, in un angolino della mente della gente. | en-it |
They have a feeling that there's an interesting problem, but they don't quite have the tools yet to discover them. | Mają przeczucie, że jest tam interesujące zagadnienie, ale wciąż nie mają narzędzi, aby je odkryć. | en-pl |
They spend all this time working on certain problems, but there's another thing lingering there that they're interested in, but can't quite solve. | Stráví všechen čas prací na jistých problémech, ale v hlavě jim leží ještě jeden problém, který je zajímá, ale ještě jej neumí vyřešit. Skvělým důkazem toho je Darwin. | en-cs |
Darwin himself, in his autobiography, tells the story of coming up with the idea for natural selection as a classic eureka moment. | Trong cuốn tự truyện của ông, ông kể về câu chuyện việc ông nảy ra ý tưởng về sự chọn lọc tự nhiên như một khoảnh khắc "eureka!" | en-vi |
He's in his study, it's October of 1838, and he's reading Malthus, actually, on population. | แบบคลาสสิก เขาอยู่ในห้องทำงาน ตอนนั้นเป็นเดือนตุลา ปี 1838 เขากำลังอ่านหนังสือของมัลธัสเกี่ยวกับประชากร | en-th |
And all of a sudden, the basic algorithm of natural selection kind of pops into his head, and he says, "Ah, at last, I had a theory with which to work." | و بطور غیر مترقبه ای، و الگوریتم مقدماتی انتخاب طبیعی، یک جورایی در مغزش جرقه زد، و گفت، " وای، بالاخره، یک تئوری دارم که با آن کار کنم. " | en-fa |
That's in his autobiography. | Това е в неговата автобиография. | en-bg |
About a decade or two ago, a wonderful scholar named Howard Gruber went back and looked at Darwin's notebooks from this period. | Una o due decadi fa, il brillante accademico Howard Gruber tornò sull'argomento e studiò i quaderni di Darwin di quel periodo. | en-it |
Darwin kept these copious notebooks, where he wrote down every little idea he had, every little hunch. | Darwin aveva quaderni fitti di annotazioni in cui esponeva ogni singola idea, ogni piccola intuizione. | en-it |
And what Gruber found was that Darwin had the full theory of natural selection for months and months and months before he had his alleged epiphany reading Malthus in October of 1838. | Gruber scoprì che Darwin aveva già l'intera teoria della selezione naturale da molti mesi prima della sua presunta epifania, leggendo Malthus nell'ottobre del 1838. | en-it |
There are passages where you can read it, and you think you're reading from a Darwin textbook, from the period before he has his epiphany. | Postoje odlomci koji se mogu pročitati i pomislite da je to Darwinov udžbenik, a zapravo su iz razdoblja prije njegovog otkrića. | en-hr |
And so what you realize is that Darwin, in a sense, had the idea, he had the concept, but was unable to fully think it yet. | Và cái bạn nhận ra là Darwin đã có ý tưởng, ông đã có những khái niệm về nó, nhưng chưa nghĩ thông suốt. | en-vi |
And that is, actually, how great ideas often happen -- they fade into view over long periods of time. | و در واقع ایده های بزرگ اغلب بدین گونه رخ می دهند؛ آنها طی مدت زمانی طولانی ظاهر می شوند. | en-fa |
Now the challenge for all of us is: How do you create environments that allow these ideas to have this long half-life? | ทีนี้ความท้าทายสำหรับเราทุกคนคือ คุณจะสร้างสภาพแวดล้อมที่จะ ยอมให้ความคิดดีๆ เหล่านี้มีเวลาฟักตัวนานๆ ได้ยังไง | en-th |
It's hard to go to your boss and say, "I have an excellent idea for our organization. | Es difícil ir a decirle al jefe: "Tengo una idea excelente para nuestra compañía. | en-es |
It will be useful in 2020." | ela será útil em 2020. | en-pt-br |
(Laughter) "Could you just give me some time to do that?" | Možete li mi samo dati vremena da to učinim?“ | en-hr |
Now a couple of companies like Google have innovation time off, 20 percent time. | Einige Organisationen, wie Google, gewähren 20% der Arbeitszeit für Innovationen, | en-de |
In a sense, those are hunch-cultivating mechanisms in an organization. | où, dans un sens, c'est là que se cultive l'intuition dans une organisation. | en-fr |
But that's a key thing. | Но это ключевая вещь. | en-ru |
And the other thing is to allow those hunches to connect with other people's hunches; that's what often happens. | مسئلۀ دیگر آن است که اجازه دهیم آن حس ها با حس های دیگران ارتباط برقرار کنند؛ چیزی که اغلب رخ می دهد. | en-fa |
You have half of an idea, somebody else has the other half, and if you're in the right environment, they turn into something larger than the sum of their parts. | 你有一个想法的一半，别人有另一半， 如果你们在合适的环境， 它们变成自己的东西比部分的总和更大。 因此，从某种意义上说， | en-zh-cn |
So in a sense, we often talk about the value of protecting intellectual property -- you know, building barricades, having secretive R and D labs, patenting everything that we have so that those ideas will remain valuable, and people will be incentivized to come up with more ideas, and the culture will be more innovativ... | ta thường hay nói về giá trị của việc bảo vệ sở hữu trí tuệ, bạn biết đấy, xây dựng những rào chắn, có những phòng nghiên cứu và phát triển bí mật, cấp bằng sáng chế cho tất cả những gì chúng ta có, để những ý tưởng đó giữ được giá trị của nó, và mọi người được khuyến khích đưa ra ý tưởng, và rồi nền văn hóa sẽ mang tí... | en-vi |
But I think there's a case to be made that we should spend at least as much time, if not more, valuing the premise of connecting ideas and not just protecting them. | Dar cred că trebuie să aducem în discuţie şi faptul că ar trebui să acordăm cel puţin tot atât de mult timp, dacă nu mai mult, evaluând ipoteza conectării ideilor şi nu doar a protejării lor. | en-ro |
And I'll leave you with this story, which I think captures a lot of these values. | Ингээд би нэгэн түүхээр энэ яриаг өндөрлөе. Энэ бол дээр өгүүлснүүдтэй шууд хамааралтай, | en-mn |
It's just a wonderful tale of innovation, and how it happens in unlikely ways. | เป็นเรื่องราวความเป็นมาที่น่าทึ่งของนวัตกรรมอันหนึ่ง และประเด็นว่ามันเกิดขึ้นในทางที่เหลือเชื่อ | en-th |
It's October of 1957, and Sputnik has just launched. | Nous sommes en Octobre 1957, et on vient de lancer Spoutnik , | en-fr |
And we're in Laurel, Maryland, at the Applied Physics Lab associated with Johns Hopkins University. | a my jesteśmy w Laurel, stan Maryland, w laboratorium fizyki stosowanej stowarzyszonej przy John Hopkins University. | en-pl |
It's Monday morning, and the news has just broken about this satellite that's now orbiting the planet. | Det är måndag förmiddag, och man har just fått nyheten om satelliten som nu ligger i omloppsbana runt jorden. | en-sv |
And, of course, this is nerd heaven, right? | 當然，這裡是宅男天堂，對吧？ | en-zh-tw |
There are all these physics geeks who are there, thinking, "Oh my gosh! This is incredible. I can't believe this has happened." | 所有这些物理怪才在那里想： “噢，我的天哪！这是难以置信的。我无法相信这真发生了。“ | en-zh-cn |
And two of them, two twentysomething researchers at the APL, are there at the cafeteria table, having an informal conversation with a bunch of their colleagues. | สองคนในหมู่เด็กบ้าฟิสิกส์พวกนั้น เป็นนักวิจัยอายุ 20 หน่อยๆ ที่ห้องแล็บเอพีแอล กำลังนั่งกันอยู่ที่โต๊ะในโรงอาหาร พูดคุยสบายๆ กับเพื่อนร่วมงานกลุ่มหนึ่ง | en-th |
And these two guys are named Guier and Weiffenbach. | Dan dua orang ini bernama Guier dan Weiffenbach. | en-id |
They start talking, and one of them says, "Hey, has anybody tried to listen for this thing? | A začnú sa rozprávať, a jeden z nich povie, "Hej, vyskúšal niekto z vás počúvať túto vecičku? | en-sk |
There's this, you know, man-made satellite up there in outer space that's obviously broadcasting some kind of signal. | 今 宇宙で人工衛星が飛んでいるんだ 当然何か信号を送っているから チューニングしたら聞こえるかも」 | en-ja |
So they ask around to a couple of their colleagues, and everybody's like, "No, I hadn't thought of doing that. | И они поспрашивали своих коллег, которые отвечали вроде: "Нет, я не думал об этом. Но это интересная идея." | en-ru |
That's an interesting idea." | I resulta que en Weiffenbach és una mena d'expert | en-ca |
And it turns out Weiffenbach is kind of an expert in microwave reception, and he's got a little antenna set up with an amplifier in his office. | мэргэжилтэн нь байж таарч. Өрөөнд нь жижиг хүлээн авагч, антеннтайгаа байсан байна. | en-mn |
So Guier and Weiffenbach go back to Weiffenbach's office, and they start noodling around -- "hacking," as we might call it now. | I tako su Guier i Weiffenbach otišli do Weiffenbachovog ureda i počeli mozgati – hakirati, kako bismo to mogli nazvati danas. | en-hr |
And after a couple of hours, they start picking up the signal, because the Soviets made Sputnik very easy to track; it was right at 20 MHz, so you could pick it up really easily, because they were afraid people would think it was a hoax, basically, so they made it really easy to find. | Dopo un paio d'ore, iniziano veramente a ricevere il segnale, perché i sovietici avevano reso lo Sputnik molto semplice da rintracciare. Era esattamente a 20 MHz, così da poterlo trovare facilmente, perché temevano che la gente pensasse si trattasse di una bufala. Lo resero quindi facilissimo da individuare. E quindi q... | en-it |
So these guys are sitting there, listening to this signal, and people start coming into the office and saying, "That's pretty cool. Can I hear?" | 研究室に人が集まりだして 「いいね！聞かせて？すごいよ」なんて言われました | en-ja |
And before long, they think, "Jeez, this is kind of historic. | E subito dopo, pensano "Ma questa è una cosa storica. | en-it |
We may be the first people in the United States listening to this. | 我们可能会是在美国的听到它的第一批人。 | en-zh-cn |
We should record it." | Mali by sme to nahrávať." | en-sk |
So they bring in this big, clunky analog tape recorder and start recording these little bleep, bleeps. | พวกเขาก็เลยขนเอาเครื่องอัดเทปแบบแอนะล็อกขนาดใหญ่เทอะทะ เข้ามาในห้อง เริ่มอัดเสียงบี๊บ บี๊บ | en-th |
And they start writing down the date stamp, time stamps for each little bleep that they record. | Und sie notieren das Datum und die Zeit zu jedem einzelnen Piepton, den sie aufnehmen. | en-de |
And then they start thinking, "Well, gosh, we're noticing small little frequency variations here. | 他们便开始想，“好吧天哪，你知道，我们注意到 频率变化很小。 | en-zh-cn |
We could probably calculate the speed that the satellite is traveling if we do a little basic math here using the Doppler effect." | Probablement podriem calcular la velocitat a la que viatja el satèl.lit, si apliquem aquí una mica de mates bàsiques utilitzant l'efecte Doppler. | en-ca |
And they played around with it a little bit more and talked to a couple of their colleagues who had other specialties. | 然后他们还做了别的一些尝试 而且和有其他专长的 同事交谈。 | en-zh-cn |
And they said, "You know, we could actually look at the slope of the Doppler effect to figure out the points at which the satellite is closest to our antenna and the points at which it's furthest away. | I van dir, "Mare de Dèu, creiem que podriem observar la pendent de l'efecte Doppler per a desxifrar els punts en els quals el satèl.lit és més proper a la nostra antenna i els punts en els que és més lluny. | en-ca |
That's pretty cool." | Super." | en-pl |
Eventually, they get permission -- this is all a little side project that hadn't been officially part of their job description -- they get permission to use the new UNIVAC computer that takes up an entire room that they'd just gotten at the APL. | Iar în cele din urmă ei obţin permisiunea, ăsta e în întregime un proiect adiacent care nu era în mod oficial parte din atribuţiile muncii lor. Ei obţin permisiunea de a folosi noul computer UNIVAC care ocupă o cameră întreagă şi pe care tocmai îl primiseră la APL. | en-ro |
And they run some more of the numbers, and at the end of about three or four weeks, turns out they have mapped the exact trajectory of this satellite around the Earth, just from listening to this one little signal, going off on this little side hunch that they'd been inspired to do over lunch one morning. | 他們運行一些算式，在三到四周後運行完畢。 結果，他們已繪製出這個人造衛星 環繞地球的精確軌跡。 聽著這小信號， 他們靈光一現，想到應該在這個早晨做什麼 以至於忘了午餐。 | en-zh-tw |
A couple weeks later, their boss, Frank McClure, pulls them into the room and says, "Hey, you guys, I have to ask you something about that project you were working on. | Beberapa minggu kemudian boss mereka, Frank McClure, memanggil mereka keruangan dan berkata, "Hai, kalian, Saya harus menanyakan sesuatu pada kalian tentang proyek yang sedang kalian kerjakan. | en-id |
You've figured out an unknown location of a satellite orbiting the planet from a known location on the ground. | Dünyanın etrafında dolanan ve bulunduğu nokta bilinmeyen bir uydunun konumunu yerden belirlemeyi başardınız. | en-tr |
Could you go the other way? | Mohli by ste to spraviť aj opačne? | en-sk |
Could you figure out an unknown location on the ground if you knew the location of the satellite?" | Możecie namierzyć coś na Ziemi, jeśli znalibyście położenie satelity?" | en-pl |
And they thought about it and they said, "Well, I guess maybe you could. Let's run the numbers here." | Van pensar-hi i van dir: "Bé, crec que probablement es podria. Fem una mica de números". | en-ca |
So they went back and thought about it and came back and said, "Actually, it'll be easier." | بدین ترتیب آنها برگشتند و در مورد آن فکر کردند. سپس برگشتند و گفتند، " در واقع، آسان تر هم هست." | en-fa |
And he said, "Oh, that's great, because, see, I have these new nuclear submarines" (Laughter) "that I'm building. | McClure vastas: "Väga hea. Vaadake, mul on uued tuumaallveelaevad, neid parasjagu ehitatakse. | en-et |
And it's really hard to figure out how to get your missile so that it will land right on top of Moscow if you don't know where the submarine is in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. | و خیلی سخته بفهمی که چطور موشک خود را تنظیم کنی که درست روی مسکو فرود بیاید، در صورتیکه از محل زیر دریایی در وسط اقیانوس آرام بی خبر باشی. | en-fa |
So we're thinking we could throw up a bunch of satellites and use it to track our submarines and figure out their location in the middle of the ocean. | Dus we zitten te denken, dat als we een stelletje satellieten lanceren we ze kunnen gebruiken om onze onderzeeërs te volgen en hun positie midden op de oceaan te bepalen. Zouden jullie aan dat probleem kunnen werken?" | en-nl |
Could you work on that problem?" | En dat is hoe het GPS ontstond. | en-nl |
Thirty years later, Ronald Reagan, actually, opened it up and made it an open platform that anybody could build upon, and anybody could come along and build new technology that would create and innovate on top of this open platform, left it open for anyone to do pretty much anything they wanted with it. | 30 שנה יותר מאוחר, רונלד רייגן למעשה פתח אותו והפך אותו לפלטפורמה פתוחה כך שכל אחד יכול היה לבנות עליה וכל אחד יכול היה לבוא ולבנות טכנולוגיה חדשה שתיצור ותחדש על-גבי פלטפורמה פתוחה זו, שהושארה פתוחה לכל אחד כדי שיעשה כמעט כל מה שבא לו. | en-he |
And now, I guarantee you, certainly half of this room, if not more, has a device sitting in their pocket right now that is talking to one of these satellites in outer space. | 間違いないことがあります この会場の少なくとも半分は ポケットに入った携帯から 宇宙に浮かぶ衛星と通信しています | en-ja |
And I bet you one of you, if not more, has used said device and said satellite system to locate a nearby coffeehouse somewhere in the last -- (Laughter) in the last day or last week, right? | И я готов поставить, что хотя бы один из вас, если не больше, использовал это самое устройство и эту самую систему спутников, чтобы найти ближайшую кофейню - (Смех) несколько дней или на прошлой неделе, верно? | en-ru |
(Applause) And that, I think, is a great case study, a great lesson in the power -- the marvelous, unplanned, emergent, unpredictable power -- of open innovative systems. | (Aplausos) y eso, pienso, es un gran ejemplo, una gran lección, del poder, de lo maravilloso, de algo no planeado emergente, del poder impredecible, de los sistemas innovadores abiertos. | en-es |
When you build them right, they will be led to completely new directions the creators never even dreamed of. | 여러분이 제대로만 구축한다면 이런 시스템은 만든 사람조차도 꿈 꾼 적이 없는 완전히 새로운 방향으로 인도될 것입니다. 그러니까 제 말은 여기 그냥 | en-ko |
I mean, here you have these guys who basically thought they were just following this hunch, this little passion that had developed, then they thought they were fighting the Cold War, and then, it turns out, they're just helping somebody find a soy latte. | que basicamente pensavam que estavam seguindo sua intuição, esta pequena paixão que tinha se desenvolvido, então eles pensaram que estavam lutando a Guerra Fria e então aconteceu que eles estavam apenas ajudando alguém a achar um café de soja. | en-pt-br |
(Laughter) That is how innovation happens. | (Gelach) Zo gebeurt innovatie. | en-nl |
Chance favors the connected mind. | les oportunitats afavoreixen les ments connectades. | en-ca |
I want you to take a trip with me. | Vreau să vă iau cu mine într-o călătorie. | en-ro |
Picture yourself driving down a small road in Africa, and as you drive along, you look off to the side, and this is what you see: you see a field of graves. | 여러분들이 자동차를 타고 아프리카의 작은 도로를 지나가고 있다고 상상해보세요. 여러분들이 지나가는 길을 따라 ㅡ 여러분들은 옆을 봅니다. 이것이 여러분들이 보고 있는 것입니다. 여러분들은 이런 무덤들을 보게 됩니다. | en-ko |
And you stop, and you get out of your car and you take a picture. | 車を停めて外に出て 写真を撮るのです | en-ja |
And you go into the town, and you inquire, "What's going on here?" | Dann fahren Sie in die Stadt und fragen: "Was geht denn hier vor?" | en-de |
and people are initially reluctant to tell you. | 마을사람들은 처음엔 말하기 꺼려할겁니다. | en-ko |
And then someone says, "These are the recent AIDS deaths in our community." | Ve sonra birisi çıkıp... ..."Bunlar toplumumuzda AIDS'in sebep olduğunu ölümler" der. | en-tr |
HIV isn't like other medical conditions; it's stigmatizing. | HIV ist nicht wie andere Krankheiten; HIV stigmatisiert. | en-de |
People are reluctant to talk about it -- there's a fear associated with it. | 人們不願意多談 提到愛滋就一陣惶恐 | en-zh-tw |
And I'm going to talk about HIV today, about the deaths, about the stigma. | Eu hoje vou falar do VIH, das mortes, do estigma. | en-pt |
It's a medical story, but more than that, it's a social story. | Это медицинская проблема, но в большей степени, это проблема социальная. | en-ru |
This map depicts the global distribution of HIV. | Deze kaart toont de wereldwijde distributie van hiv. | en-nl |
And as you can see, Africa has a disproportionate share of the infection. | După cum se poate vedea, Africa are o parte disproporţionat de mare din totalul de infecţii. | en-ro |
There are 33 million people living with HIV in the world today. | Il y a 33 millions de personnes qui vivent avec le VIH dans le monde aujourd'hui. | en-fr |
Of these, two-thirds, 22 million are living in sub-Saharan Africa. | Trong số đó, 2 phần 3, 22 triệu, đang sống ở tiểu vùng Sahara Châu Phi. | en-vi |
There are 1.4 million pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries living with HIV and of these, 90 percent are in sub-Saharan Africa. | Có 1.4 triệu phụ nữ mang thai nằm trong những nước có thụ nhập thấp và trung bình đang sống với HIV và trong số đó, 90 phần trăm là ở tiểu vùng Sahara Châu Phi. | en-vi |
We talk about things in relative terms. | 让我们通过对比来说明问题. | en-zh-cn |
And I'm going to talk about annual pregnancies and HIV-positive mothers. | E vi parlerò delle gravidanze che ci sono in media in un anno e delle madri sieropositive. | en-it |
The United States -- a large country -- each year, 7,000 mothers with HIV who give birth to a child. | 美國這麼大一個國家 每年有七千個愛滋媽媽 產下子女 | en-zh-tw |
But you go to Rwanda -- a very small country -- 8,000 mothers with HIV who are pregnant. | しかし より小さな国のルワンダでは 8,000人のHIVに感染した母親が出産しているのです | en-ja |
And then you go to Baragwanath Hospital, outside of Johannesburg in South Africa, and 8,000 HIV-positive pregnant women giving birth -- a hospital the same as a country. | 그리고 남아프리카 요하네스버그 외곽의 바라그와나스 병원으로 가 보면, HIV 양성 판정을 받은 임산부들이 아이를 낳고 있습니다. 한 병원이 무려 한 나라와 같은 수치를 보입니다. | en-ko |
And to realize that this is just the tip of an iceberg that when you compare everything here to South Africa, it just pales, because in South Africa, each year 300,000 mothers with HIV give birth to children. | Et il faut réaliser que ce n'est que la partie émergée de l'iceberg, lorsque vous comparez n'importe quoi ici à l'Afrique du Sud, ça devient juste tout petit, parce qu'en Afrique du Sud, chaque année, 300 000 mères avec le VIH donnent naissance à des enfants. | en-fr |
So we talk about PMTCT, and we refer to PMTCT, prevention of mother to child transmission. | Vì vậy chúng ta nói về PMTCT, và chúng ta nhắc đến PMTCT, sự ngăn chặn truyền nhiễm từ mẹ sang con. | en-vi |
I think there's an assumption amongst most people in the public that if a mother is HIV-positive, she's going to infect her child. | Ich glaube, die meisten Leuten denken, dass eine HIV-positive Mutter, immer auch ihr Kind ansteckt. | en-de |
The reality is really, very different. | 実際にはそうではないのです | en-ja |
In resource-rich countries, with all the tests and treatment we currently have, less than two percent of babies are born HIV-positive -- 98 percent of babies are born HIV-negative. | Kaynakları zengin ülkelerde... ...şu anda sahip olduğumuz bütün testler ve tedaviler... ...bebeklerin yüzde 2'den az bir kısmının HIV'li doğduğunu gösteriyor. Bebeklerin yüzde 98'i HIV'sız dünyaya geliyor. | en-tr |
And yet, the reality in resource-poor countries, in the absence of tests and treatment, 40 percent -- 40 percent of children are infected -- 40 percent versus two percent -- an enormous difference. | Contudo, a realidade nos países pobres em recursos, na ausência de testes e tratamentos, é que 40% das crianças nascem infetadas — 40% contra 2% — uma diferença enorme. | en-pt |
So these programs -- and I'm going to refer to PMTCT though my talk -- these prevention programs, simply, they're the tests and the drugs that we give to mothers to prevent them from infecting their babies, and also the medicines we give to mothers to keep them healthy and alive to raise their children. | Таким образом, эти программы - я сегодня всё время буду говорить о ППМР - профилактические программы, это просто анализы и препараты, которые мы даем матерям для предотвращения заражения своих детей, а также лекарственные средства, которые мы даём матерям для сохранения их здоровья и жизни, чтобы они смогли растить дет... | en-ru |
So it's the test a mother gets when she comes in. | То је тест који једна мајка ради кад дође. | en-sr |
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