wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
Of these 397 were transferred to the French Army.
Early 1917 one vehicle had been delivered to Italy. The tank had been ordered by the Italians after Captain Alfredo Bennicelli had observed the first French Army testing in September 1916; the single vehicle was in 1917 tested and deployed on the Kras fro... | 14,100 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
1500 Schneiders. After it had become clear that the French industry did not have the spare capacity to meet those demands and that they far out-reached the possibilities of domestic production, it was decided to produce the cheaper and more modern FIAT 3000 instead, a copy of the Renault FT, three of whic... | 14,101 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
response to the first use of British Mark I tanks on 15 September 1916, the Germans had begun to introduce anti-tank weapons and tactics. One of the measures taken by them was the issuing of the "Kerngeschoss" or "K-bullet", a hardened steel core round capable of piercing the thin armour of tanks. To defe... | 14,102 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
line-of-sight thickness of . During the spring of 1917 existing vehicles were uparmoured (creating a "surblindé" version) by the army workshop at Champlieu. Some of these, such as a vehicle with series number 61213, were fitted with additional armour plates on the vertical front surfaces, including an ext... | 14,103 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
an artillery round. To remedy this the reservoirs were replaced by fuel tanks with a double wall, using a felt filler layer to absorb gasoline leakages. Furthermore, these fuel tanks, each containing , were moved to a safer position under armour though still outside the hull, in vertical rectangular steel... | 14,104 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
production run. The first included an improved cooling system and better ventilation to prevent and remove carbon monoxide fumes which otherwise threatened to asphyxiate the crew within an hour. To prevent dirt entering the chassis near the crank, at the bottom of the vehicle an armour plate was added. La... | 14,105 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
a steel cable operable from the inside via a grooved small vertical plate located on the front of the skylight roof, it indicated the position of the tank to friendly observers from behind. Several versions of this system existed, differing in the precise location of the shield and its shape. It was espec... | 14,106 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
was rejected in view of the fire hazard. The first testing to equip a French tank with a radio set was carried out in the summer of 1917 with a Schneider CA, using a twelve-metre wire antenna with a range of . A second test with a fourteen-metre antenna on 18 August 1917 established that contact could be ... | 14,107 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
the width of the tank, the main armament had been placed in an inconvenient position. On 1 December 1916 a certain Lieutenant Saar submitted drawings showing a vehicle on which the 75 mm cannon had been replaced by a 47 mm gun turret, the number of machine guns was raised to six, the number of vision slit... | 14,108 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
a fortress at Marly-le-Roi, west of Paris. For reasons of secrecy this location was officially attached to the 81st Heavy Artillery Regiment, a depot unit. On 15 August the camp was formally established and quickly filled with recruits, most of them young volunteers from various French armies. At Marly th... | 14,109 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
by a protective wooden frame. From the spring of 1917 onwards about seven vehicles were used for this goal. For unit training and live fire exercises, which required much larger manoeuvre grounds, on 30 August 1916 a camp was established at Cercottes. It received its first training vehicles on 17 November... | 14,110 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
to reduce manpower by again removing them. On 28 September 1916 a large instruction centre was established at Champlieu, south of Compiègne. This location, close to the frontline and officially part of the warzone, could serve for final training and sending out battle-ready units to those armies needing t... | 14,111 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
organisational terminology. The basic units were officially called "Groupes", but had the designation "AS", for "Artillerie Spéciale". Each group consisted of four batteries, each battery again of four tanks. This would have resulted in a total of sixteen tanks and indeed this was the official organic str... | 14,112 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
tank of the three regular batteries — sixteen NCOs and 110 men of lower rank. In practice often four batteries of three tanks were fielded, to allow for a greater tactical flexibility. The first Schneider CA units were formed from 17 November 1916 onwards. Six AS were raised until the end of January 1917,... | 14,113 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
with a variable strength. In May 1918, three of the surviving four "Groupements", I, II and IV, were each attached to three light tank Renault FT battalions to form larger "Régiments de Artillerie Spéciale", the "501e, 502e" and "504e RAS" respectively.
## Actions.
### Berry-au-Bac.
Estienne had hoped ... | 14,114 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
Robert Nivelle had been appointed supreme French commander on the promise that his tactical innovation of the "rolling barrage" would ensure a quick collapse of the German front. Not favourably inclined towards the independent mass deployment of armour, Nivelle hoped that the tanks produced could be made ... | 14,115 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
1917, hoping to exploit a possible success in an offensive by the Third Army, that however had to be cancelled because of the strategic German retreat to the Hindenburg Line. Eventually, the tank units were to support the attack by the Fifth Army at the Aisne and were concentrated in a nine kilometres wid... | 14,116 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
which the tanks would immediately exploit this success and maintain the momentum of the offensive by quickly progressing towards the third trench, directly followed by the infantry; together they would conquer the third and fourth trenches. The "strategic rupture" resulting from this and many adjoining at... | 14,117 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
of five "groupes": AS 2, 4, 5, 6 and 9, thus fielding eighty tanks, as the AS in this phase of the war operated at full strength with four batteries of four tanks. "Groupement Chaubès", created on 8 March, included AS 3, 7 and 8, with about forty-eight tanks. Each "Groupement" was reinforced by a supply a... | 14,118 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
joined by supporting infantry companies: five from the "154e R.I." of the "165e D.I." for "Groupement Bossut" and three of the "76e R.I." of the "125e D.I." for "Groupement Chaubès".
During the early morning of 16 April 1917 the Nivelle Offensive was launched. In the sector where the tanks operated the i... | 14,119 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
interdiction fire on the advancing French columns. "Groupement Chaubès" suffered many losses before it was even able to leave the French lines. When arriving at the frontline in the early afternoon, it had to assist the infantry in clearing the second trench of the last German remnants. These did not pani... | 14,120 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
would be named, "Groupement Bossut" proved more successful. It managed to cross the various trench lines losing only a few vehicles and in the late morning concentrated to carry on the offensive. However, around 11:00 the tank of Bossut, "Trompe-la-Mort" ("Dare-devil") leading the advance, carrying a tric... | 14,121 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
the third German trench. The weakened infantry though, was unable to follow, forcing the tanks to wait for the arrival of reserve units. For several hours the tanks moved up and down the conquered terrain to avoid presenting static targets for the German artillery. Despite this many vehicles were hit, as ... | 14,122 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
Nivelle Offensive was a grave disappointment, demoralising the French troops and leading to the French Army Mutinies. The sense of failure extended to the Schneider tanks. Their losses had indeed been heavy: 76 of the 128 combat tanks engaged had been lost. Many of these had burnt: 57 in total, 31 with "G... | 14,123 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
of petrol had been attached to the rear and some crews had even stowed a third one inside; sometimes explosive charges had been stowed outside; each tank had a bottle of ether to mix with the petrol to boost the engine and to enhance the fighting spirit three litres of strong liquor had been provided at t... | 14,124 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
The main technical complaint was that visibility from within the vehicle was poor for the driver as well as the gunners. Tactical lessons drawn were that tanks should spread out more to avoid artillery fire and had to cooperate more closely with the infantry.
"Groupement III", commanded by Captain Henri ... | 14,125 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
the ensuing mutinies, French High Command in May 1917 tried to make use of the force concentration at the Aisne by at least conquering the notorious Chemin-des-Dames positions. Part of the plan was a limited but strategically important objective: the German saillant east of Laffaux where the Hindenburg Li... | 14,126 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
observation plane, protected by six SPAD VII fighters, that had to identify German antitank-batteries and have them destroyed by counterbattery fire; it also had to report the position of the tanks to higher command levels.
The more general offensive was launched on 5 May. Whereas most infantry attacks a... | 14,127 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
broke down and had to be left behind by the advancing infantry. Salvaging them proved difficult as thunderstorms made the surface of the in itself firm chalkstone of the area very slippery and the terrain was rough, dotted with ruins and intersected by ravines and quarries. The majority of the vehicles we... | 14,128 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
Philippe Pétain was appointed supreme commander. He tried to restore confidence by abstaining from overambitious offensive plans. Only in 1918 when the influx of American troops and new armoured vehicles would tip the balance in favour of the Entente, could decisive attacks be considered. His motto was th... | 14,129 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
1917 Pétain in one blow took the notorious Chemin-des-Dames crest, including the fortress of La Malmaison. The attack was supported by "Groupement Chaubès", at the time consisting of AS 8, 11 and 12. Due to the losses in April, each AS now deployed twelve tanks. Including the supply vehicles the Schneider... | 14,130 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
cooperated with the infantry. A ground fog largely hid the vehicles from enemy artillery and the spaced armour defeated German machine-gun "Kerngeschoss"-rounds. Losses were therefore low, with two tanks burnt and less than 10% personnel casualties. Six vehicles that had in May been abandoned at Moulin-de... | 14,131 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
number of AFVs. At this point of the war, less than a year after their first employment, the Schneider tanks were already considered obsolete. They nevertheless still formed an essential part of the tank force: a successor medium tank type, the Schneider Modèle 1917, had been cancelled; the light Renault ... | 14,132 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
made possible by the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk allowing Germany to shift the bulk of its forces to the Western Front. In April there were minor counterattacks at the Somme by a small number of Schneider tanks: five vehicles on the 5th at Sauvillers-Mongival, six on the 7th at Grivesnes, and twelve on the 18... | 14,133 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
breakthrough, late May the Germans turned in force on the French in the Third Battle of the Aisne. The German advance threatened the Champlieu base, which was abandoned, severely disrupting repair and maintenance. Early June the offensives had created a large French salient around Compiègne and Erich Lude... | 14,134 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
tanks. The French armour concentration, hitting the flank of the enemy penetration, succeeded in halting the German advance and "Gneisenau" was cancelled. The success came at a price however: thirty-five Schneiders were lost. In the west of the salient on 9 July a small local counterattack took place name... | 14,135 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
On 18 July French and American divisions, cooperating with a large number of tanks, started a major offensive, the Battle of Soissons, in which for the first time since 1914 Entente forces on the Western Front succeeded in making substantial progress, reducing the entire German salient created in the Thir... | 14,136 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
to fulfil the offensive role for which they had been created, the Schneider tanks could not be of much assistance to the itself also decimated French infantry. By 1 August 1918 the number of operational Schneider CA tanks had dropped to fifty. As production was halted that month, losses could not be repla... | 14,137 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
of twelve participated in actions near Nampcel. On 12 September "Groupement IV" could muster twenty-four tanks to support the Americans in the Battle of Saint-Mihiel. From 26 September during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive "Groupement IV" continued to support the Americans with about twenty-two tanks, and "G... | 14,138 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
That day however, the First World War ended as the Armistice with Germany was concluded. During the 1918 battles, Schneider tanks engaged 473 enemy targets. In the war, in total 308 Schneider tanks had been lost, 86 in 1917 and 222 in 1918: 301 by enemy artillery fire, three by mines, three by antitank ri... | 14,139 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
on the battlefield against moving hostile troops, he foresaw that their commanders would need more agile vehicles with armament and armour concentrated in the front, to lead a pursuit or cover a retreat. Therefore, a variant was needed fitted with a turret featuring a 37 mm gun and one or two machine-guns... | 14,140 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
was ready under the designation of Schneider CA2. On 26 and 27 March 1917 a prototype made of boiler-plate, perhaps identical to the "mock-up", was tested at Marly. It had the standard suspension of the Schneider CA but its hull was strongly shortened so that the overhanging nose had disappeared. The 75 m... | 14,141 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
stuck on an overhanging nose, still proved unable to climb out of muddy shell craters. It was concluded that the suspension should be lengthened by the equivalence of three track links, about forty centimetres, and on 13 April 1917 a quick commencement of production was envisaged. In reality Estienne had ... | 14,142 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
1917 it was suggested to construct some vehicles as flamethrower tanks by installing a flamethrowing device in two armoured turrets, one at the left front corner and the other at the right rear corner, each having a field of fire of about 180°. The fuel reservoirs would be inside the hull. No production r... | 14,143 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
a gun turret, the calibre not surpassing 47 mm if it were a long gun; the other with a long 75 mm gun in the front of the hull.
After the failure of the Nivelle Offensive, Schneider understood that more capable designs had to be manufactured if the tank were to remain a viable weapon system. On 1 May 191... | 14,144 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
all were also strongly modernised: the hull overhang had disappeared, the hull front formed as a sloped wedge, and the inner space was compartmentalised, with an engine room, protruding behind the sprocket, at the back and the driver in front. The armour base was about sixteen to twenty millimetres. The f... | 14,145 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
Estienne pointed out that the intended long 47 mm gun had not entered production yet and that no high performance explosive charge was available to give it a sufficient effect on soft targets. Therefore, he insisted on fitting the standard 75 mm field gun, even if this would raise weight to 14.5 tonnes. A... | 14,146 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
capacity and predicting engine power would be insufficient, given a weight that had by now reached 16.6 tonnes. Also he demanded a gun sight allowing some fire-on-the-move capability. Nevertheless, on 24 July the Consultative Committee of the "Artillerie Spéciale" decided that the four hundred vehicles of... | 14,147 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
lack of enemy tanks and a machine gun turret was seen as necessary for close defence against infantry assault. Later that year, in an official answer to an inquiry by parliamentarian Paul Doumer regarding the progress achieved within French tank development, the designation "Schneider CA4" is used to indi... | 14,148 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
was tested at SOMUA. During the summer however, Estienne and Pétain had become worried that the medium tank production might become an obstacle to the planned light tank mass production of the Renault FT. On 27 October the committee advised that the construction of the Schneider CA3 would be suspended in ... | 14,149 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
components would be used to construct a further two hundred Schneider artillery tractors. On 3 November 1917 the order for the Schneider CA4 prototype was annulled. The new medium tank project had already been started on 15 August 1917 and strived for a technically advanced seventeen tonne vehicle armed w... | 14,150 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
sometimes suggested that he actually coupled two Schneiders rear to rear to research this concept. In fact, this was on 8 May 1917 merely advised by the committee judging the merits of the proposal, as a lighter alternative for Boirault's original plans which envisaged three hulls of a completely new desi... | 14,151 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
distinguished from those vehicles that from the very beginning had been used as supply tanks, with the cannon removed and the hole plated over. Indeed, by the end of 1918, all surviving Schneider tanks had been given the destination of utility vehicles, although it is unknown to what extent and at what ra... | 14,152 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
In 1928 a project was presented for a Schneider CA Modèle 1928 recovery tank with the upper hull replaced by a motorised crane, that could be stabilised by a large jack at the rear of the vehicle.
### Last surviving Schneider CA.
The only surviving exemplar of the Schneider CA, at the Musée des Blindés ... | 14,153 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
restored to original working condition by the repair teams at the "Musée des Blindés". This particular vehicle had been fitted with later upgrades, such as the fuel reservoirs located at its rear.
## Italy.
Italy in the summer of 1918 formed its first tank unit, the "Reparto speciale di marcia carri d'a... | 14,154 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
French–Spanish effort to subdue the newly independent Rif Republic. The vehicles were designated "Carro de Asalto Schneider M16" and modified by the addition of a driver's visor annex gun port in the front glacis plate. They reached Morocco on 28 February 1922. On 14 March 1922, as the first Spanish tanks... | 14,155 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
Spain in 1929, not having lost a single vehicle. In Spain, due to their poor mechanical state, they were delegated to a reserve status and used as training and instruction vehicles. Four were part of the depot of the "Regimiento Ligero de Carros de Combate N° 1" at Madrid, a Renault FT unit, the other two... | 14,156 |
621328 | Schneider CA1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schneider%20CA1 | Schneider CA1
he first unit remained under Republican command, while the second took the side of the Nationalist rebels. The Madrid vehicles saw some action during the bloody attacks on the Cuartel de la Montaña, the main military barracks of the capital. Some of the tanks were manned by militia members of the "Unión G... | 14,157 |
1214587 | Mediarts Records | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mediarts%20Records | Mediarts Records
Mediarts Records
Mediarts Records was a small record label founded by former Capitol Records executive Alan W. Livingston and producer Nik Venet.
The label's first release was Dory Previn with "On My Way To Where" (1970). Other artists signed on the label were Don McLean, Spencer Davis and Peter Jame... | 14,158 |
1214587 | Mediarts Records | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mediarts%20Records | Mediarts Records
red by United Artists Records. The albums by McLean, Previn and Welles were reissued on UA. The acquisition was beneficial for UA as Anka, Coates, Conti and Rafferty had yet to issue albums for Mediarts, but would enjoy hits for UA. McLean had the megahit single and album "American Pie" for UA.
The Me... | 14,159 |
1214601 | Cognitive walkthrough | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cognitive%20walkthrough | Cognitive walkthrough
Cognitive walkthrough
The cognitive walkthrough method is a usability inspection method used to identify usability issues in interactive systems, focusing on how easy it is for new users to accomplish tasks with the system. Cognitive walkthrough is task-specific, whereas heuristic evaluation take... | 14,160 |
1214601 | Cognitive walkthrough | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cognitive%20walkthrough | Cognitive walkthrough
to apply the method early in the design phases before coding even begins (a common trait with usability testing).
# Introduction.
A cognitive walkthrough starts with a task analysis that specifies the sequence of steps or actions required by a user to accomplish a task, and the system responses ... | 14,161 |
1214601 | Cognitive walkthrough | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cognitive%20walkthrough | Cognitive walkthrough
applied settings, as there is very limited opportunity for controlled experiments while developing software. Typically measurements involve comparing the number of usability problems found by applying different methods. However, Gray and Salzman called into question the validity of those studies i... | 14,162 |
1214601 | Cognitive walkthrough | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cognitive%20walkthrough | Cognitive walkthrough
themselves a set of questions for each subtask. Typically four questions are asked:
- Will the user try to achieve the effect that the subtask has? E.g. Does the user understand that this subtask is needed to reach the user's goal?
- Will the user notice that the correct action is available? E.g... | 14,163 |
1214601 | Cognitive walkthrough | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cognitive%20walkthrough | Cognitive walkthrough
will be noticed.
# Common shortcomings.
In teaching people to use the walkthrough method, Lewis & Rieman have found that there are two common misunderstandings:
- 1. The evaluator doesn't know how to perform the task themself, so they stumble through the interface trying to discover the correct... | 14,164 |
1214601 | Cognitive walkthrough | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cognitive%20walkthrough | Cognitive walkthrough
et al., and reached a large usability audience when it was published as a chapter in Jakob Nielsen's seminal book on usability, "Usability Inspection Methods." The Wharton, et al. method required asking four questions at each step, along with extensive documentation of the analysis. In 2000 there ... | 14,165 |
1214601 | Cognitive walkthrough | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cognitive%20walkthrough | Cognitive walkthrough
method that they made based on their experience applying the methods in their 1992 CHI paper "The Cognitive Jogthrough".
# See also.
- Cognitive dimensions, a framework for identifying and evaluating elements that affect the usability of an interface
- Comparison of usability evaluation methods... | 14,166 |
1214601 | Cognitive walkthrough | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cognitive%20walkthrough | Cognitive walkthrough
England: Pearson Education Limited. p321.
- Gabrielli, S. Mirabella, V. Kimani, S. Catarci, T. (2005) Supporting Cognitive Walkthrough with Video Data: A Mobile Learning Evaluation Study MobileHCI ’05 pp77–82.
- Goillau, P., Woodward, V., Kelly, C. & Banks, G. (1998) Evaluation of virtual protot... | 14,167 |
1214601 | Cognitive walkthrough | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cognitive%20walkthrough | Cognitive walkthrough
Gray, W.D. & Salzman, M.C. (1998) Repairing Damaged Merchandise: A rejoinder. Human-Computer Interaction vol.13 no.3 pp325–335.
- Hornbaek, K. & Frokjaer, E. (2005) Comparing Usability Problems and Redesign Proposal as Input to Practical Systems Development CHI 2005 391-400.
- Jeffries, R. Mille... | 14,168 |
1214601 | Cognitive walkthrough | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cognitive%20walkthrough | Cognitive walkthrough
(2010). State of the Art on the Cognitive Walkthrough Method, Its Variants and Evolutions, International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 2, 8 741-785.
- Rowley, David E., and Rhoades, David G (1992). The Cognitive Jogthrough: A Fast-Paced User Interface Evaluation Procedure. "Proceedings o... | 14,169 |
1214601 | Cognitive walkthrough | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cognitive%20walkthrough | Cognitive walkthrough
-785.
- Rowley, David E., and Rhoades, David G (1992). The Cognitive Jogthrough: A Fast-Paced User Interface Evaluation Procedure. "Proceedings of CHI '92", 389-395.
- Sears, A. (1998) The Effect of Task Description Detail on Evaluator Performance with Cognitive Walkthroughs CHI 1998 pp259–260.
... | 14,170 |
1214594 | Thomas Bryan (VC) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas%20Bryan%20(VC) | Thomas Bryan (VC)
Thomas Bryan (VC)
Thomas Bryan VC (21 January 1882 – 13 October 1945) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
# Early life.
Byran was born in Worcestershire,... | 14,171 |
1214594 | Thomas Bryan (VC) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas%20Bryan%20(VC) | Thomas Bryan (VC)
Fusiliers, British Army during the First World War at the Battle of Arras when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.
On 9 April 1917 near Arras, France, during an attack Lance-Corporal Bryan although wounded, went forward alone in order to silence a machine-gun which was infl... | 14,172 |
1214594 | Thomas Bryan (VC) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas%20Bryan%20(VC) | Thomas Bryan (VC)
eague.
Bryan played Rugby league for Castleford in the 1906-07 season, at the end of which the club withdrew from the Northern Union for financial reasons.
His VC is on display in the Lord Ashcroft Gallery at the Imperial War Museum, London. His grave is maintained by the Victoria Cross Trust
# Ref... | 14,173 |
1214590 | Norman Douglas Holbrook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norman%20Douglas%20Holbrook | Norman Douglas Holbrook
Norman Douglas Holbrook
Commander Norman Douglas Holbrook VC (9 July 1888 – 3 July 1976) was a British naval recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC), the highest award of the British honours system. Holbrook was the first submariner to be awarded the VC and it was the first naval VC gazetted in th... | 14,174 |
1214590 | Norman Douglas Holbrook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norman%20Douglas%20Holbrook | Norman Douglas Holbrook
December 1913.
# World War I.
Holbrook was 26 years old, a lieutenant in the Royal Navy during the First World War when on 13 December 1914 at the Dardanelles, Turkey, he performed a deed for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross. He was in command of the submarine , an old and obsolete craf... | 14,175 |
1214590 | Norman Douglas Holbrook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norman%20Douglas%20Holbrook | Norman Douglas Holbrook
achieved the rank of Commander.
# Death and legacy.
Holbrook died on 3 July 1976 at Midhurst, Sussex. He was buried at St James Old Churchyard, Stedham, West Sussex. He is probably the only VC recipient to have a town and (until May 2004) a local government area named for him. On 24 August 191... | 14,176 |
1214590 | Norman Douglas Holbrook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norman%20Douglas%20Holbrook | Norman Douglas Holbrook
of a submariners' memorial in the town, and in 1997 visited the town to unveil it. A bronze statue of Holbrook stands in Germanton Park, Holbrook.
Holbrook's medal was donated to the Council of the Shire of Holbrook, New South Wales in 1982. It subsequently passed to Greater Hume Shire Council ... | 14,177 |
1214590 | Norman Douglas Holbrook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norman%20Douglas%20Holbrook | Norman Douglas Holbrook
2014 on the exterior wall of the Junior School facing Cambridge Junction, Portsmouth, UK.
# References.
- Monuments to Courage (David Harvey, 1999)
- The Register of the Victoria Cross (This England, 1997)
- VCs of the First World War - 1914 (Gerald Gliddon, 1994)
- VCs of the First World W... | 14,178 |
1214590 | Norman Douglas Holbrook | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norman%20Douglas%20Holbrook | Norman Douglas Holbrook
Naval VCs (Stephen Snelling, 2002)
- Includes biographical information.
# External links.
- Holbrook and Submarines - The Connection - online version of booklet published by The Submarine Museum on Holbrook and his act of gallantry. Includes list of crew members and copious other information.... | 14,179 |
1214603 | Wooroloo Prison Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wooroloo%20Prison%20Farm | Wooroloo Prison Farm
Wooroloo Prison Farm
Wooroloo Prison Farm is an Australian minimum-security prison located in Wooroloo, Western Australia. It was established in 1972 under an arrangement that it would offer some of its amenities to the community of Wooroloo. It was previously the site of a sanatorium.
# History.... | 14,180 |
1214603 | Wooroloo Prison Farm | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wooroloo%20Prison%20Farm | Wooroloo Prison Farm
hospital. Since 1970, the site has operated as a minimum-security
prison for short-term offenders.
Approved prisoners are able to work under supervision in the local community and are involved in reforestation and environmental programs, training at local businesses and general community projects... | 14,181 |
1214593 | Bob Dwyer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Dwyer | Bob Dwyer
Bob Dwyer
Bob Dwyer AM (born 29 November 1940) is an Australian rugby union coach.
Educated at Sydney Boys High School, graduating in 1957, where he played 2nd XV for the school where he played alongside former Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs and Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks player George Taylforth and St. Geor... | 14,182 |
1214593 | Bob Dwyer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Dwyer | Bob Dwyer
in 1997 reaching the Heineken Cup final and winning the Pilkington Cup, but finished fourth in the league. Dwyer's harsh attitude to the players led to them dubbing him 'Barb Dwyer' ('barbed wire') and a public spat with one of them, Austin Healey ensued. The club's board decided to replace Dwyer with former ... | 14,183 |
1214593 | Bob Dwyer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Dwyer | Bob Dwyer
Dwyer was a forceful advocate for the club's potential to be the leading light in English rugby, "the potential here is greater than in any other rugby city in England, including Leicester".
In 2001 Dwyer returned to Australia and became coach of the New South Wales Waratahs in Super Rugby (at the time known... | 14,184 |
1214593 | Bob Dwyer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Dwyer | Bob Dwyer
by (at the time known as Super 12). He led the Waratahs to an eighth-place finish in 2001 and their first semi-final in the competition in 2002. He resigned in 2003 after a fifth-place finish but stayed with the New South Wales union as a development officer.
In 2011, he was inducted into the IRB Hall of Fam... | 14,185 |
1214589 | Jet Records | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jet%20Records | Jet Records
Jet Records
Jet Records was a British record label set up by Don Arden, with artists such as Electric Light Orchestra (ELO), Roy Wood, Gary Moore, Ozzy Osbourne, Alan Price, Adrian Gurvitz, Riot and Magnum.
# History.
The first release on the Jet Records label, a UK top 10 for its singer and writer Lynse... | 14,186 |
1214589 | Jet Records | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jet%20Records | Jet Records
released a second album entitled "Love Bomb", before leaving the label in 1976 after an acrimonious split with Arden, resulting in her third Jet
album "Take Your Time" (originally entitled "Before You Go Tonight") being unreleased.
ELO were managed by Arden from the band's inception in 1972. They were ini... | 14,187 |
1214589 | Jet Records | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jet%20Records | Jet Records
of Jet's catalogue.
In the UK, Jet Records were distributed first by Island Records in 1974-75, then by Polydor Records from 1975 to 1976, then by United Artists from 1976 to 1978. In the US, a small Jet logo started appearing on the United Artists label in 1975 for releases by ELO and Wood. The Jet label ... | 14,188 |
1214589 | Jet Records | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jet%20Records | Jet Records
distribution moved to United Artists (UA) in 1976, UA were distributing Jet Records in most countries of the world. This changed after American copies of "Out of the Blue" that were deemed defective, began appearing at discounted prices in record shops in the US and Canada affecting the album's sales. Jet s... | 14,189 |
1214589 | Jet Records | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jet%20Records | Jet Records
motion picture "Xanadu", with the other half of the music being provided by the film's star Olivia Newton-John. Newton-John was signed to MCA Records whose sister company Universal was producing the movie. The "Xanadu" soundtrack and all its singles by both ELO and Newton-John were released on MCA Records i... | 14,190 |
1214589 | Jet Records | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jet%20Records | Jet Records
married him. Sharon took over managing Osbourne from her father, and Osbourne left Jet to go to the Epic label of Jet's distributor CBS.
Osbourne's defection along with ELO becoming less popular in the early 1980s contributed to Jet experiencing financial difficulties. Legal problems encountered by Don Ard... | 14,191 |
1214589 | Jet Records | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jet%20Records | Jet Records
1983 albums continued to show the Jet logo until 1990. ELO's back catalog is now handled by Sony's Legacy Recordings.
Jet carried on in a diminished capacity in the late 1980s. Roy Wood returned to the label in 1987 to release the single "1-2-3". Just before closure, the label released "Live at Fairfield H... | 14,192 |
1214589 | Jet Records | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jet%20Records | Jet Records
Jet Records under the new name Chipmunk Records.
In 1996, Jet released The Fall's album "The Light User Syndrome".
Some of Jet's back catalogue has appeared in reissues or compilations in the 1990s and 2000s, on labels such as Edsel Records and Sanctuary Records, including the previously unreleased third ... | 14,193 |
1214589 | Jet Records | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jet%20Records | Jet Records
album "The Light User Syndrome".
Some of Jet's back catalogue has appeared in reissues or compilations in the 1990s and 2000s, on labels such as Edsel Records and Sanctuary Records, including the previously unreleased third Wizzard album, retitled "Main Street". The third album that Lynsey de Paul recorded... | 14,194 |
1214606 | John Crawford Buchan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Crawford%20Buchan | John Crawford Buchan
John Crawford Buchan
John Crawford Buchan (10 October 1892 – 22 March 1918) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Born on 10 October 1892 in Alloa, Clack... | 14,195 |
1214606 | John Crawford Buchan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Crawford%20Buchan | John Crawford Buchan
ders (Princess Louise's), British Army, attached to 8th Battalion during the First World War, and was awarded the VC for an act he performed on 21 March 1918 east of Marteville, France. He died the following day, 22 March 1918.
## Citation.
He was buried at Roisel Communal Cemetery Extension, Roi... | 14,196 |
1214613 | Angus Buchanan (VC) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angus%20Buchanan%20(VC) | Angus Buchanan (VC)
Angus Buchanan (VC)
Angus Buchanan, (11 August 1894 – 1 March 1944) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
# Early life.
Buchanan was the son of a doctor ... | 14,197 |
1214613 | Angus Buchanan (VC) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angus%20Buchanan%20(VC) | Angus Buchanan (VC)
army, where he served in Gallipoli and Mesopotamia. He was awarded the Military Cross in 1916, and was mentioned four times in despatches.
# Award of the Victoria Cross.
Buchanan was 21 years old, and a temporary captain in the 4th Battalion, South Wales Borderers, British Army during the First Wo... | 14,198 |
1214613 | Angus Buchanan (VC) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angus%20Buchanan%20(VC) | Angus Buchanan (VC)
he was also awarded the Russian decoration of the Order of St. Vladimir 4th Class (with Swords).
# Later life.
Buchanan was shot in the head in 1917 by a sniper and blinded. He returned to Jesus College after the war and read law, rowing for the college in 1919 despite his blindness. After graduat... | 14,199 |
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