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1215174 | Gonzo (company) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gonzo%20(company) | Gonzo (company)
ga Entertainment UK who also licensed "Strike Witches" (season 1), "", and recently "Last Exile" and "Hellsing". "Welcome to the N.H.K.", "Pumpkin Scissors", and "Red Garden", which were originally licensed by ADV Films UK, were re-licensed by MVM Films.
In June 2006, it signed a long-term output deal with the anime television network, Animax, which saw Animax broadcasting all of Gonzo's anime titles across all of its networks around the world, including Japan, Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and Latin America and from November 2007 on Southern Africa's DSTV satellite network. As of 2008 they decided to stream some of their airing anime on video sites such as: YouTube, Crunchyroll, and BOST. | 15,200 |
1215139 | David Lord | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Lord | David Lord
David Lord
David Samuel Anthony Lord VC, DFC (18 October 1913 – 19 September 1944) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. A transport pilot in the Royal Air Force, Lord received the award posthumously for his actions during the Battle of Arnhem while flying resupply missions in support of British paratroops.
# Early life.
David Lord was born on 18 October 1913 in Cork, Ireland, one of three sons of Samuel (a Warrant Officer in the Royal Welsh Fusiliers) and Mary Lord (nee Miller). One of Lord's brothers died in infancy.
After the First World War the | 15,201 |
1215139 | David Lord | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Lord | David Lord
family were posted to British India and Lord attended Lucknow Convent School. On his father's retirement from the Army the family moved to Wrexham and then David was a pupil at St Mary's College, Aberystwyth, and then the University of Wales. Later, he attended the English Ecclesiastical College, Valladolid, Spain to study for the priesthood. Deciding that it was not the career for him he returned to Wrexham before moving to London in the mid-1930s to work as a freelance writer. He enlisted in the Royal Air Force on 6 August 1936.
# Second World War.
After reaching the rank of corporal in August 1938, Lord applied to undertake pilot training, which he began in October 1938. Successfully gaining | 15,202 |
1215139 | David Lord | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Lord | David Lord
his pilot's wings, he became a sergeant pilot in April 1939, and was posted to No. 31 Squadron RAF, based in Lahore. He later flew the Vickers Valentia biplane transport. In 1941, No. 31 Squadron was the first unit to receive the Douglas DC-2 which was followed by both the Douglas DC-3 and Dakota transports. That year he was promoted to flight sergeant and then warrant officer. He flew in the Middle East, supporting troops in Libya and Egypt for four months, before being posted back to India. Commissioned as a pilot officer in May 1942, he flew supply missions over Burma, for which he was mentioned in despatches.
Lord was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross in July 1943, receiving the award | 15,203 |
1215139 | David Lord | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Lord | David Lord
at Buckingham Palace, and was promoted to flight lieutenant shortly afterwards. By January 1944, he had joined No. 271 Squadron (based at RAF Down Ampney, Gloucestershire) and began training as part of preparations for the invasion of Europe.
## Battle of Arnhem.
The Battle of Arnhem was part of Operation Market Garden, an attempt to secure a string of bridges through the Netherlands. At Arnhem, the British 1st Airborne Division and Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade were tasked with securing bridges across the Lower Rhine, the final objectives of the operation. However, the airborne forces that dropped on 17 September were not aware that the 9th SS and 10th SS Panzer divisions were | 15,204 |
1215139 | David Lord | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Lord | David Lord
also near Arnhem for rest and refit. Their presence added a substantial number of Panzergrenadiers, tanks and self-propelled guns to the German defences and the Allies suffered heavily in the ensuing battle. Only a small force managed to hold one end of the Arnhem road bridge before being overrun on 21 September. The rest of the division became trapped in a small pocket west of the bridge and had to be evacuated on 25 September. The Allies failed to cross the Rhine, which remained under German control until Allied offensives in March 1945.
## Resupply flights.
Lord was 30 years old, and a flight lieutenant serving with No. 271 Squadron, Royal Air Force during the Second World War when he was | 15,205 |
1215139 | David Lord | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Lord | David Lord
awarded the Victoria Cross. On 19 September 1944, during the Battle of Arnhem in the Netherlands, the British 1st Airborne Division was in desperate need of supplies. Lord, flying Dakota III "KG374" through intense enemy anti-aircraft fire was twice hit and had one engine burning. He managed to drop his supplies, but at the end of the run found that there were two containers remaining. Although he knew that one of his wings might collapse at any moment, he nevertheless made a second run to drop the last supplies, then ordered his crew to bail out. A few seconds later, the Dakota crashed in flames with its pilot and six crew.
Only the navigator, Flying Officer Harold King survived, becoming | 15,206 |
1215139 | David Lord | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Lord | David Lord
a prisoner of war. It was only on his release in mid-1945, and that of several paratroops from the 10th Parachute Battalion, that the story of Lord's action became known, and Lord was awarded a posthumous Victoria Cross.
# Victoria Cross citation.
The full citation for Lord's VC appeared in a supplement to the "London Gazette" on 9 November 1945, reading:
# Legacy.
After Arnhem was liberated in April 1945, Grave Registration Units of the British 2nd Army moved into the area and began to locate the Allied dead. Lord was buried alongside his crew in the Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery. There are many plaques in memory of him, including one at Wrexham Cathedral in Wales.
Several aircraft have | 15,207 |
1215139 | David Lord | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Lord | David Lord
carried tributes to Lord. Between 1993 and 1998, the RAF Battle of Britain Memorial Flight's Dakota, serial "ZA947", was painted in the colours of Lord's aircraft during the Arnhem campaign, and bore the same code letters: YS-DM. Between 1973 and 2005, the Dakota displayed at RAF Museum Cosford was similarly painted and coded to represent Lord's aircraft. From 1966 until its disbandment in 2005, No. 10 Squadron RAF was equipped with Vickers VC-10s, each of which was named after a Royal Air Force or Royal Flying Corps VC recipient. Aircraft serial number 'XR810' was named "David Lord VC".
The medal was presented to Lord's parents at Buckingham Palace in December 1945. In 1997, Lord's VC, along | 15,208 |
1215139 | David Lord | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Lord | David Lord
with his other decorations were sold at auction by Spinks to Lord Ashcroft. As of 2014, the medal group was on display at the Imperial War Museum.
# See also.
Four other men were awarded the Victoria Cross at Arnhem:
- Major Robert Henry Cain, 2nd Battalion, South Staffordshire Regiment.
- Lance-Sergeant John Daniel Baskeyfield, 2nd Battalion, South Staffordshire Regiment.
- Lieutenant John Hollington Grayburn, 2nd Battalion, Parachute Regiment.
- Captain Lionel Ernest Queripel, 10th Battalion, Parachute Regiment.
# Further reading.
Listed in order of publication year
- "The Register of the Victoria Cross" (1981, 1988 and 1997)
- "The Irish Sword" (Brian Clark 1986)
- "Ireland's VCs" | 15,209 |
1215139 | David Lord | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Lord | David Lord
ion, South Staffordshire Regiment.
- Lance-Sergeant John Daniel Baskeyfield, 2nd Battalion, South Staffordshire Regiment.
- Lieutenant John Hollington Grayburn, 2nd Battalion, Parachute Regiment.
- Captain Lionel Ernest Queripel, 10th Battalion, Parachute Regiment.
# Further reading.
Listed in order of publication year
- "The Register of the Victoria Cross" (1981, 1988 and 1997)
- "The Irish Sword" (Brian Clark 1986)
- "Ireland's VCs" (; Dept. of Economic Development, 1995)
- "Monuments to Courage" (David Harvey, 1999)
- "Irish Winners of the Victoria Cross" (Richard Doherty & David Truesdale, 2000)
# External links.
- The Arnhem Roll of Honour Database: David Samuel Anthony Lord | 15,210 |
1215165 | Edward Vrdolyak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward%20Vrdolyak | Edward Vrdolyak
Edward Vrdolyak
Edward Robert Vrdolyak (; born December 28, 1937), also known as "Fast Eddie", is a former American politician and lawyer. He was a longtime Chicago alderman and the head of the Cook County Democratic Party until 1987 when he ran unsuccessfully for Mayor of Chicago on the Illinois Solidarity Party ticket. He subsequently ran again in 1989 on the Republican Party ticket. He was a prominent opponent of Harold Washington and the "de facto" leader of the so-called "Vrdolyak 29" that opposed and blocked many of Washington's measures.
After his electoral career ended, he resumed his law practice at The Vrdolyak Law Group. It consists of 20 attorneys. Vrdolyak and his three sons are | 15,211 |
1215165 | Edward Vrdolyak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward%20Vrdolyak | Edward Vrdolyak
partners in the firm.
# Early life.
Vrdolyak, born to Croatian immigrant parents, entered a Catholic seminary at age 13, but decided against joining the priesthood. He graduated from Mount Carmel High School in Chicago, then from St. Joseph's College in Rensselaer, Indiana. He received his law degree from the University of Chicago Law School in 1963 and began a legal career in private practice, specializing in personal injury cases.
# Political career.
In 1968, he was elected as Democratic Committeeman from Chicago's 10th Ward in the Hegewisch and South Deering areas; a position he held until 1988. In 1971, he was elected alderman, and, after defeating Republican Melvin Simonovich, he served | 15,212 |
1215165 | Edward Vrdolyak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward%20Vrdolyak | Edward Vrdolyak
as President of the City Council from 1977 to 1983. Vrdolyak earned the nickname "Fast Eddie" because of his skill in back-room deal-making. In 1979, he managed the re-election campaign of Mayor Michael Bilandic. In a colossal upset, Bilandic narrowly lost to maverick Jane Byrne. Despite the fact that Byrne then stripped Vrdolyak of all powers except his aldermanic seat, he became Byrne's chief ally against both independent and Regular Democrats, becoming her floor leader in the Council. In 1982, with Byrne's support, he was elected Chairman of the Cook County Democratic Committee, ousting County Board President George Dunne.
He is most noted for leading the opposition in the City Council to | 15,213 |
1215165 | Edward Vrdolyak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward%20Vrdolyak | Edward Vrdolyak
Mayor Harold Washington from 1983 to 1987. After beating Mayor Byrne and Richard M. Daley in the Democratic Primary, Washington barely won the general election. A solid majority of 29 aldermen (27 Regular Democrats and two independents) opposed Washington (21 aldermen supported the mayor). Vrdolyak and 14th Ward Alderman Ed Burke led the opposition group. The Vrdolyak 29 rejected mayoral appointments and appropriations, but could not override the mayor's veto. The resulting political deadlock was labeled "Council Wars".
In 1986, a federal lawsuit forced the redrawing of some aldermanic wards, and special elections in some, but not all, of the redrawn wards. Members of the Vrdolyak 29 were incumbents | 15,214 |
1215165 | Edward Vrdolyak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward%20Vrdolyak | Edward Vrdolyak
in all seven of the wards going to the polls. Four of them did not seek reelection, including three who sought seats on the county board. Two of the three attempting to retain their seats were reelected in the first round, but a third, Alderman Brady, lost six weeks later in a run-off; the council was split 25-25, creating a tie which the mayor could break. At this point, several of the Vrdolyak 29 began to support Washington, giving him a supportive council. In 1987, he resigned as county Democratic chairman, and ran for mayor as the Solidarity Party nominee, defeating a candidate backed by Mayor Washington in the primary. He was defeated by Washington, who got 53% of the vote to Vrdolyak's | 15,215 |
1215165 | Edward Vrdolyak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward%20Vrdolyak | Edward Vrdolyak
42%.
Washington's second term began more smoothly (he died in November 1987) and Vrdolyak's political clout waned. In light of these factors, as well as his growing unpopularity among Democrats, Vrdolyak joined the Republican Party in September 1987. In 1988, Vrdolyak was the Republican candidate for Clerk of the Circuit Court of Cook County. He received 41% of the vote; Democrat Aurelia Pucinski (daughter of Alderman and former US Representative Roman Pucinski) won with 59%. In 1989, Vrdolyak again ran for mayor, in a special election for the last half of Washington's term; he won the Republican primary as a write-in candidate. The general election was won by Democrat Richard M. Daley. Vrdolyak | 15,216 |
1215165 | Edward Vrdolyak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward%20Vrdolyak | Edward Vrdolyak
managed less than 4% of the vote, effectively ending his political career.
After his final electoral defeat, Vrdolyak returned to his law practice. He hosted a popular talk radio show from 1993 to 1996 – first on WLS radio (890 AM) and then on WJJD Radio (1160 AM). He also maintained a strong behind-the-scenes presence in Chicago area politics. He became best known for his influence in the appointment and election of Cook County Circuit Court judges. Illinois Supreme Court Justice Charles Freeman confirmed that at least two judges he appointed to the bench were recommended by Vrdolyak. This would cause problems for Vrdolyak as he was implicated in the case of former Cook County Circuit Court | 15,217 |
1215165 | Edward Vrdolyak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward%20Vrdolyak | Edward Vrdolyak
Judge George J.W. Smith. Smith pleaded guilty to federal charges of illegally structuring cash withdrawals to avoid tax penalties. Prosecutors claimed the transactions were in furtherance of an alleged bribe paid to a "go-between" in order to secure Smith's appointment. Smith was reportedly appointed by Freeman based on Vrdolyak's recommendation, leading to speculation that Vrdolyak was the alleged "go-between". The investigation did not result in charges of wrongdoing against Vrdolyak, nor in bribery charges against Smith or any other party.
Vrdolyak was also a key adviser to Betty Loren-Maltese, former Town President of the suburb of Cicero. The Vrdolyak Law Group received millions of dollars | 15,218 |
1215165 | Edward Vrdolyak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward%20Vrdolyak | Edward Vrdolyak
in legal work from the town of Cicero during the administrations of Loren-Maltese and her successor, Ramiro González. Maltese was convicted of corruption in 2002 and González was defeated in the 2005 election. While Vrdolyak was not charged in the Loren-Maltese investigation, his close alliance with the once-imprisoned former Town President was a major issue in the 2005 election. During the campaign, Dominick criticized what he called Vrdolyak's excessive legal bills, and removed Vrdolyak's firm as the town's legal counsel after taking office. However, NBC Chicago reported that the new town attorney, Michael Del Galdo, billed the town over $2 million in 2006—more than twice the average billings | 15,219 |
1215165 | Edward Vrdolyak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward%20Vrdolyak | Edward Vrdolyak
when Vrdolyak's firm held the contract.
In 2005, Vrdolyak agreed to a 30-day suspension of his law license for allegedly double-billing clients he represented in sexual harassment cases.
# Federal indictment and conviction.
On May 10, 2007, Vrdolyak was indicted by a federal grand jury on charges of bribery, mail fraud and wire fraud. Prosecutors later added additional wire fraud charges, and the final indictment included a total of eight counts. The case centered on property that was sold by the Chicago Medical School. The key witness against Vrdolyak was to be Stuart Levine, a partner in the alleged scheme. Prosecutors charged that Vrdolyak and Levine devised a scheme to use Levine's position | 15,220 |
1215165 | Edward Vrdolyak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward%20Vrdolyak | Edward Vrdolyak
on the school's board to steer the $15 million sale of a school building to Smithfield Properties - a developer with ties to Vrdolyak. It was alleged that the two arranged a $1.5 million kickback from Smithfield to Vrdolyak in return for Levine's support.
Levine, a close friend and political ally of Vrdolyak, was indicted in 2005 for using his positions on the Illinois Teachers Retirement System board and the Illinois Health Facilities board to obtain kickbacks. Levine pleaded guilty in late 2006 and agreed to testify in several corruption cases as a condition of his plea agreement. Prosecutors dropped 22 felony charges in return for his cooperation. Prosecutors have indicated that Levine wore | 15,221 |
1215165 | Edward Vrdolyak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward%20Vrdolyak | Edward Vrdolyak
a recording device while discussing some of the alleged schemes. Political insiders expressed surprise at the idea that Vrdolyak would be caught on tape. A long-time power broker and target of investigations, the notoriously careful Vrdolyak has been quoted as saying that he "talk[s] to everyone like they're wearing a wire, even my wife". Chicago alderman Bernard Stone noted that Vrdolyak was always careful when talking on the phone, once telling Stone to "always talk like the government was on the phone with you".
Vrdolyak initially pleaded not guilty to all charges. Vrdolyak's attorney, Michael Monico, questioned Levine's "credibility, reliability and truthfulness", noting that he agreed | 15,222 |
1215165 | Edward Vrdolyak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward%20Vrdolyak | Edward Vrdolyak
to testify under "immense pressure" from prosecutors. Levine also testified at the 2008 trial of Tony Rezko, another powerbroker in Illinois politics. He told the jury that he funneled payoffs for clients who wanted Chicago city contracts through Vrdolyak, including some alleged schemes for which Vrdolyak has not been charged. Monico called Levine's statements in regards to Vrdolyak "absolutely false" and said that he had never heard them before.
The trial was set for November 3, 2008. That day, however, an agreement was reached in which prosecutors dropped several of the charges and Vrdolyak pleaded guilty to a reduced charge of conspiracy to commit mail and wire fraud. The plea agreement | 15,223 |
1215165 | Edward Vrdolyak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward%20Vrdolyak | Edward Vrdolyak
stated that Vrdolyak was not cooperating with other investigations, and prosecutors recommended a sentence of 41 months in prison. However, on February 26, 2009, United States District Judge Milton I. Shadur sentenced Vrdolyak to five years of probation, a $50,000 fine and 2,500 hours of community service. On January 29, 2010, a federal appeals court overturned the probation sentence on appeal by the prosecution and ordered a resentencing by a different judge. On October 15, 2010 Vrdolyak was sentenced to 10 months in prison. Vrdolyak served his sentence at the federal prison camp in Terre Haute, Indiana. He was released from prison on November 17, 2011.
On November 15, 2016, Vrdolyak was indicted | 15,224 |
1215165 | Edward Vrdolyak | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward%20Vrdolyak | Edward Vrdolyak
6, 2009, United States District Judge Milton I. Shadur sentenced Vrdolyak to five years of probation, a $50,000 fine and 2,500 hours of community service. On January 29, 2010, a federal appeals court overturned the probation sentence on appeal by the prosecution and ordered a resentencing by a different judge. On October 15, 2010 Vrdolyak was sentenced to 10 months in prison. Vrdolyak served his sentence at the federal prison camp in Terre Haute, Indiana. He was released from prison on November 17, 2011.
On November 15, 2016, Vrdolyak was indicted for income tax evasion.
# See also.
- List of Chicago aldermen since 1923
# External links.
- Vrdolyak's Career Timeline
- Vrdolyak Law Firm | 15,225 |
1215182 | Wufeng | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wufeng | Wufeng
Wufeng
Wufeng may refer to:
# Places.
## Mainland China.
- Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County, county in Hubei
- Wufeng Township (五峰乡), township in Shiyan, Hubei
- Wufeng Subdistrict (五凤街道), subdistrict in Gulou District, Fuzhou, Fujian
### Towns.
- Wufeng, Yongchun County (吾锋), town in Yongchun County, Fujian
- Wufeng, Wufeng County (五峰), town in and seat of Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County, Hubei
- Wufeng, Jiangxi (五丰), town in Wan'an County, Jiangxi
- Wufeng, Liaoning (五峰), town in Zhangwu County, Liaoning
- Wufeng, Qinghai (五峰), town in Huzhu Tu Autonomous County, Qinghai
## Taiwan.
- Wufeng, Hsinchu, town in Hsinchu County
- Wufeng, Taichung, district in Taichung
- WuFeng University, | 15,226 |
1215182 | Wufeng | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wufeng | Wufeng
- Wufeng, Liaoning (五峰), town in Zhangwu County, Liaoning
- Wufeng, Qinghai (五峰), town in Huzhu Tu Autonomous County, Qinghai
## Taiwan.
- Wufeng, Hsinchu, town in Hsinchu County
- Wufeng, Taichung, district in Taichung
- WuFeng University, private university in Chiayi
# Historical eras.
- Wufeng (五鳳, 57BC–54BC), an era name used by Emperor Xuan of Han
- Wufeng (五鳳, 254–256), an era name used by Sun Liang, emperor of Eastern Wu
- Wufeng (五鳳, 618–621), an era name used by Dou Jiande
# See also.
- Wu Feng (1699–1769), Qing dynasty merchant allegedly killed by Taiwanese aboriginals
- Uğur Rıfat Karlova (born 1980), Turkish-Taiwanese television host, known by the stage name Wu Feng | 15,227 |
1215181 | Charles Hull | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles%20Hull | Charles Hull
Charles Hull
Charles Hull VC (24 July 1890 – 13 February 1953) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces during the First World War.
# Details.
Hull worked as a postman in Harrogate before he enlisted in the 21st Lancers (Empress of India's), a cavalry regiment of the British Army, where was a shoeing-smith making and fitting horseshoes.
On 5 September 1915 Hull was a 25-years-old private when he rescued an officer from certain death at the hands of tribesmen at Hafiz Kor on the North West Frontier of British India, an action for which he was awarded the | 15,228 |
1215181 | Charles Hull | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles%20Hull | Charles Hull
tember 1915 Hull was a 25-years-old private when he rescued an officer from certain death at the hands of tribesmen at Hafiz Kor on the North West Frontier of British India, an action for which he was awarded the VC. The citation was published in the London Gazette on 3 March 1916 and read:
He later achieved the rank of corporal. After the war he joined Leeds Constabulary and rose to the rank of sergeant. Hull is buried in Woodhouse Cemetery, Leeds.
# The Medal.
His VC is on display in The Queen's Royal Lancers and Nottinghamshire Yeomanry Museum in Thoresby Hall, Nottinghamshire.
# External links.
- Harrogate People
- British Legion
- Location of grave and VC medal "(West Yorkshire)" | 15,229 |
1215186 | Taya | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taya | Taya
Taya
Taya is a feminine given name and a surname, with various meanings, including 'perfectly formed', 'Princess' and "Goddess'. Notable people with the name include:
# Surname.
- Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Mauritanean leader
- Omar Katzelma Taya, a candidate in the Nigerien presidential election, 1993
# Given name.
- Taya Parker, American model, actress, and singer
- Taya Straton (1960–1996), Australian actress
- Taya Zinkin (1918–2003), English journalist and author
- Taya Renae Kyle, widow of Chris Kyle
- Taya Perry, member of Homemade Jamz Blues Band
- Taya Rikizo, Asakusa Opera singer and influence of Kenichi Enomoto
- Taya Smith, member of Australian worship band Hillsong | 15,230 |
1215186 | Taya | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taya | Taya
in the Nigerien presidential election, 1993
# Given name.
- Taya Parker, American model, actress, and singer
- Taya Straton (1960–1996), Australian actress
- Taya Zinkin (1918–2003), English journalist and author
- Taya Renae Kyle, widow of Chris Kyle
- Taya Perry, member of Homemade Jamz Blues Band
- Taya Rikizo, Asakusa Opera singer and influence of Kenichi Enomoto
- Taya Smith, member of Australian worship band Hillsong UNITED
# Places.
- Taya, Algeria
- Taya, Kalewa, Burma
# Other.
- "Taya" (), a nickname associated with Kenyan association football club Gor Mahia
- Taya Valkyrie, a professional wrestler
# See also.
- Taia (disambiguation)
- Thaya
- Daya (disambiguation) | 15,231 |
1215177 | John Ross (VC) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Ross%20(VC) | John Ross (VC)
John Ross (VC)
John Ross VC (1822 – 23 October 1879) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
# Details.
Ross was about 33 years old, and serving as a corporal in the Corps of Royal Engineers, British Army, in the Crimean War, when he undertook the actions for which he later was awarded the VC.
On 21 July 1855 at Sebastopol, Crimean Peninsula, Corporal Ross went out at night in charge of a working party of 200 men each carrying an entrenching tool and a gabion, and before morning they had connected the 4th parallel right attack with an old Russian rifle-pit | 15,232 |
1215177 | John Ross (VC) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Ross%20(VC) | John Ross (VC)
in front. On 23 August the corporal was in charge of the advance from the 5th parallel right attack on the Redan in placing and filling 25 gabions under a very heavy fire. Again, on 8 September he crept up to the Redan at night and returned to report its evacuation, bringing with him a wounded man.
He later achieved the rank of sergeant.
# Victoria Cross medal.
His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Engineers Museum in Chatham, Kent.
# References.
- Monuments to Courage (David Harvey, 1999)
- The Register of the Victoria Cross (This England, 1997)
- The Sapper VCs (Gerald Napier, 1998)
- Scotland's Forgotten Valour (Graham Ross, 1995)
# External links.
- Royal Engineers Museum | 15,233 |
1215177 | John Ross (VC) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Ross%20(VC) | John Ross (VC)
nce from the 5th parallel right attack on the Redan in placing and filling 25 gabions under a very heavy fire. Again, on 8 September he crept up to the Redan at night and returned to report its evacuation, bringing with him a wounded man.
He later achieved the rank of sergeant.
# Victoria Cross medal.
His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Engineers Museum in Chatham, Kent.
# References.
- Monuments to Courage (David Harvey, 1999)
- The Register of the Victoria Cross (This England, 1997)
- The Sapper VCs (Gerald Napier, 1998)
- Scotland's Forgotten Valour (Graham Ross, 1995)
# External links.
- Royal Engineers Museum Sappers VCs
- Location of grave and VC medal "(N. London)" | 15,234 |
1215183 | Hemingway Foundation/PEN Award | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hemingway%20Foundation/PEN%20Award | Hemingway Foundation/PEN Award
Hemingway Foundation/PEN Award
The PEN/Hemingway Award is awarded annually to a full-length novel or book of short stories by an American author who has not previously published a full-length book of fiction. The award is named after Ernest Hemingway and funded by the Hemingway family and the Ernest Hemingway Foundation/Society. It is administered by PEN America. Mary Hemingway, a member of PEN, founded the award in 1976 both to honor the memory of her husband and to recognize distinguished first books of fiction.
The winner is selected by a panel of three distinguished fiction writers and receives a cash prize of US$25,000. Along with the winner, two finalists and two runners-up receive a | 15,235 |
1215183 | Hemingway Foundation/PEN Award | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hemingway%20Foundation/PEN%20Award | Hemingway Foundation/PEN Award
Ucross Residency Fellowship at the Ucross Foundation, a retreat for artists and writers on a 22,000 acre (89 km²) ranch on the high plains in Ucross, Wyoming. The award ceremony is held at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum in Boston, Massachusetts.
The award presentation is sponsored in part by the JFK Presidential Library.
The award is one of many PEN awards sponsored by International PEN affiliates in over 145 PEN centres around the world.
# Winners.
- 1976 – Loyd Little for "Parthian Shot"
- 1977 – Renata Adler for "Speedboat"
- 1978 – Darcy O'Brien for "A Way of Life, Like Any Other"
- 1979 – Reuben Bercovitch for "Hasen"
- 1980 – Alan Saperstein for "Mom Kills | 15,236 |
1215183 | Hemingway Foundation/PEN Award | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hemingway%20Foundation/PEN%20Award | Hemingway Foundation/PEN Award
Kids and Self"
- 1981 – Joan Silber for "Household Words"
- 1982 – Marilynne Robinson for "Housekeeping"
- 1983 – Bobbie Ann Mason for "Shiloh and Other Stories"
- 1984 – Joan Chase for "During the Reign of the Queen of Persia"
- 1985 – Josephine Humphreys for "Dreams of Sleep"
- 1986 – Alan V. Hewat for "Lady's Time"
- 1987 – Mary Ward Brown for "Tongues of Flame"
- 1988 – Lawrence Thornton for "Imagining Argentina"
- 1989 – Jane Hamilton for "The Book of Ruth"
- 1990 – Mark Richard for "The Ice at the Bottom of the World"
- 1991 – Bernard Cooper for "Maps to Anywhere"
- 1992 – Louis Begley for "Wartime Lies"
- 1993 – Edward P. Jones for "Lost in the City"
- 1994 – Dagoberto Gilb | 15,237 |
1215183 | Hemingway Foundation/PEN Award | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hemingway%20Foundation/PEN%20Award | Hemingway Foundation/PEN Award
for "The Magic of Blood"
- 1995 – Susan Power for "The Grass Dancer"
- 1996 – Chang-Rae Lee for "Native Speaker"
- 1997 – Ha Jin for "Ocean of Words"
- 1998 – Charlotte Bacon for "A Private State"
- 1999 – Rosina Lippi for "Homestead"
- 2000 – Jhumpa Lahiri for "Interpreter of Maladies"
- 2001 – Akhil Sharma for "An Obedient Father"
- 2002 – Justin Cronin for "Mary and O'Neil"
- 2003 – Gabriel Brownstein for "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button, Apt. 3W"
- 2004 – Jennifer Haigh for "Mrs. Kimble"
- 2005 – Chris Abani for "GraceLand"
- 2006 – Yiyun Li for "A Thousand Years of Good Prayers"
- 2007 – Ben Fountain for "Brief Encounters With Che Guevara"
- 2008 – Joshua Ferris for "Then | 15,238 |
1215183 | Hemingway Foundation/PEN Award | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hemingway%20Foundation/PEN%20Award | Hemingway Foundation/PEN Award
for "Then We Came to the End"
- 2009 – Michael Dahlie for "A Gentleman's Guide to Graceful Living"
- 2010 – Brigid Pasulka for "A Long, Long Time Ago and Essentially True"
- 2011 – Brando Skyhorse for "The Madonnas of Echo Park"
- 2012 – Teju Cole for "Open City"
- 2013 – Kevin Powers for "The Yellow Birds"
- 2014 – NoViolet Bulawayo for "We Need New Names"
- 2015 – Arna Bontemps Hemenway for "Elegy on Kinderklavier"
- 2016 – Ottessa Moshfegh for "Eileen"
- 2017 – Yaa Gyasi for "Homegoing"
- 2018 – Weike Wang for "Chemistry"
- 2019 – Tommy Orange for "There There"
# External links.
- Hemingway Foundation: PEN/Hemingway Award homepage
- PEN America: PEN/Hemingway Award homepage | 15,239 |
1215185 | Montague Shadworth Seymour Moore | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montague%20Shadworth%20Seymour%20Moore | Montague Shadworth Seymour Moore
Montague Shadworth Seymour Moore
Montague Shadworth Seymour Moore VC (9 October 1896 – 12 September 1966) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
# Early life.
Born at 13 Montague Place, Worthing, he attended Bedford School from 1906 to 1913.
# Details.
He was 20 years old, and a Second Lieutenant in the 15th Bn., The Hampshire Regiment (later the Royal Hampshire Regiment), British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.
On 20 September 1917 near Tower Hamlets, east of Ypres, Belgium, Second | 15,240 |
1215185 | Montague Shadworth Seymour Moore | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montague%20Shadworth%20Seymour%20Moore | Montague Shadworth Seymour Moore
Lieutenant Moore volunteered to make a fresh attack on a final objective and went forward with some 70 men, but they met such heavy opposition that when he arrived at his objective he had only one sergeant and four men. Nothing daunted he at once bombed a large dug-out, taking 28 prisoners, two machine-guns and a light field-gun. Gradually more officers and men arrived, numbering about 60 and he held the post for 36 hours beating off counter-attacks, until his force was reduced to 10 men. He eventually got away his wounded and withdrew under cover of thick mist.
He later achieved the rank of Major.
Lance Corp G Kenton of the Hampshire Regiment received the following citation from Major General | 15,241 |
1215185 | Montague Shadworth Seymour Moore | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montague%20Shadworth%20Seymour%20Moore | Montague Shadworth Seymour Moore
Sydney Lawford, comdg 41st Division: "I wish to place on record my appreciation of your gallantry and devotion to duty on the 20th September 1917 when you were held up by an Enemy Strong Point you collected up your men and led them with great dash to the attack and captured the enemy Strong Point."
The citation was given for his actions on the 20 September 1917 near Tower Hamlets, east of Ypres, Belgium, when he went forward with some 70 men, but met such heavy opposition that when he arrived at his objective only five men were left standing. Nothing daunted he led his men with great dash and captured the enemy strong point: a large dug-out, taking 28 prisoners, two machine-guns and a light | 15,242 |
1215185 | Montague Shadworth Seymour Moore | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montague%20Shadworth%20Seymour%20Moore | Montague Shadworth Seymour Moore
g-out, taking 28 prisoners, two machine-guns and a light field-gun. Gradually more officers and men arrived, numbering about 60 they held the post for 36 hours beating off counter-attacks, until the force was reduced to 10 men. They eventually got away with their wounded and withdrew under cover of thick mist. Sadly, Lance Corp G. Kenton didn't receive a VC for his actions, as a working class lad of lowly rank he received a citation that his son kept in a tin beneath his bed - a cherished possession.
# References.
- Monuments to Courage (David Harvey, 1999)
- The Register of the Victoria Cross (This England, 1997)
- VCs of the First World War - Passchendaele 1917 (Stephen Snelling, 1998) | 15,243 |
1215191 | Hugh Cochrane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hugh%20Cochrane | Hugh Cochrane
Hugh Cochrane
Colonel Hugh Stewart Cochrane VC (4 August 1829 – 23 April 1884) was a recipient of the Victoria Cross for his actions, as a 28-year-old lieutenant, during the Indian Mutiny. He later achieved the rank of Colonel and commanded the 43rd Foot and (briefly) its successor, the 1st Battalion, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry. Cochrane was born in Fort William, Scotland and died in Southsea in England.
Cochrane was a lieutenant in the 86th (Royal County Down) Regiment of Foot (later The Royal Irish Rifles), British Army stationed in India during the Indian Mutiny. For the following deed on 1 April 1858 near Jhansi, India he was awarded the Victoria Cross, the highest and | 15,244 |
1215191 | Hugh Cochrane | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hugh%20Cochrane | Hugh Cochrane
ly) its successor, the 1st Battalion, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry. Cochrane was born in Fort William, Scotland and died in Southsea in England.
Cochrane was a lieutenant in the 86th (Royal County Down) Regiment of Foot (later The Royal Irish Rifles), British Army stationed in India during the Indian Mutiny. For the following deed on 1 April 1858 near Jhansi, India he was awarded the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces:
# External links.
- The Victoria Cross Awarded to Men of Portsmouth - Hugh Stewart Cochrane VC
- Location of grave and VC medal "(Hampshire)" | 15,245 |
1215195 | Harry Christian | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harry%20Christian | Harry Christian
Harry Christian
Harry Christian VC (17 January 1892 – 2 September 1974) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to members of the British and Commonwealth armed forces.
# Details.
Christian was 23 years old, and a private in the 2nd Battalion, King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster), British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place at Cuinchy, France, for which he was awarded the VC.
The citation, published in the London Gazette on 3 March 1916, read:
# The Medal.
His Victoria Cross is displayed at The King's Own Royal (Lancaster) Regiment Museum in Lancaster, | 15,246 |
1215195 | Harry Christian | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harry%20Christian | Harry Christian
rivate in the 2nd Battalion, King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster), British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place at Cuinchy, France, for which he was awarded the VC.
The citation, published in the London Gazette on 3 March 1916, read:
# The Medal.
His Victoria Cross is displayed at The King's Own Royal (Lancaster) Regiment Museum in Lancaster, England.
# References.
- Monuments to Courage (David Harvey, 1999)
- The Register of the Victoria Cross (This England, 1997)
- VCs of the First World War - The Western Front 1915 (Peter F. Batchelor & Christopher Matson, 1999)
# External links.
- Location of grave and VC medal "(Cumbria)"
- Royal Lancaster Museum | 15,247 |
1215198 | William St Lucien Chase | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20St%20Lucien%20Chase | William St Lucien Chase
William St Lucien Chase
Colonel William St. Lucien Chase VC CB (2 July 1856 – 24 June 1908) was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
# Details.
Chase was 24 years old, and a lieutenant in the Bengal Staff Corps, serving with the 28th Bombay Native Infantry, British Indian Army during the Second Afghan War. On 16 August 1880 at Deh Khoja, near Kandahar, Afghanistan, Chase, with the help of Private Thomas Elsdon Ashford, rescued a wounded soldier and finally brought him to a place of safety. He was awarded the VC for his actions.
He later achieved the rank of colonel. | 15,248 |
1215198 | William St Lucien Chase | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20St%20Lucien%20Chase | William St Lucien Chase
British and Commonwealth forces.
# Details.
Chase was 24 years old, and a lieutenant in the Bengal Staff Corps, serving with the 28th Bombay Native Infantry, British Indian Army during the Second Afghan War. On 16 August 1880 at Deh Khoja, near Kandahar, Afghanistan, Chase, with the help of Private Thomas Elsdon Ashford, rescued a wounded soldier and finally brought him to a place of safety. He was awarded the VC for his actions.
He later achieved the rank of colonel. The medal is now on display in the Army Museum of Western Australia.
# References.
- Burial location of William Chase "Pakistan"
- News item "William Chase's Victoria Cross donated to the Army Museum of Western Australia" | 15,249 |
1215200 | Herbert Clogstoun | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herbert%20Clogstoun | Herbert Clogstoun
Herbert Clogstoun
Major Herbert Mackworth Clogstoun VC (13 June 1820 – 6 May 1862) was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
# Details.
He was 38 years old, and a captain in the 19th Madras Native Infantry, Madras Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place on 15 January 1859 for which he was awarded the VC:
# Further information.
He later achieved the rank of major and was killed in action, Hingoli, India, on 6 May 1862.
His Victoria Cross is displayed at the National Army Museum in Chelsea, England. | 15,250 |
1215206 | James Craig (VC) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Craig%20(VC) | James Craig (VC)
James Craig (VC)
James Craig VC (10 September 1824 – 18 March 1861) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Craig was a former serjeant in the Scots Fusilier Guards, who had been commissioned as an ensign in 3rd Battalion, Military Train, British Army during the Crimean War. He was 30 years old, and serving as battalion adjutant when he carried out the action which is described in his citation for the award of the Victoria Cross, which was gazetted on 20 November 1857.
He later achieved the rank of lieutenant.
His Victoria Cross is displayed at The | 15,251 |
1215206 | James Craig (VC) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Craig%20(VC) | James Craig (VC)
a former serjeant in the Scots Fusilier Guards, who had been commissioned as an ensign in 3rd Battalion, Military Train, British Army during the Crimean War. He was 30 years old, and serving as battalion adjutant when he carried out the action which is described in his citation for the award of the Victoria Cross, which was gazetted on 20 November 1857.
He later achieved the rank of lieutenant.
His Victoria Cross is displayed at The Guards Regimental Headquarters (Scots Guards RHQ) in Wellington Barracks, London, England.
# References.
- Monuments to Courage (David Harvey, 1999)
- The Register of the Victoria Cross (This England, 1997)
- Scotland's Forgotten Valour (Graham Ross, 1995) | 15,252 |
1215208 | Anchieta | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anchieta | Anchieta
Anchieta
Anchieta may refer to:
- José de Anchieta, S.J. (1534-1597), a Catholic saint, Jesuit missionary, writer, poet and apostle of Brazil, or the following places and things named after him:
- Anchieta Island, in the northern coast of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, famous as the site of a state prison
- Anchieta, Espírito Santo, a municipality (formerly known as Reritiba) in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil
- Anchieta, Rio de Janeiro, a suburb in northern Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil
- Anchieta, Rio Grande do Sul, a neighborhood in Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Anchieta, Santa Catarina, a municipality in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Rodovia Anchieta, or the Anchieta Highway, | 15,253 |
1215208 | Anchieta | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anchieta | Anchieta
own as Reritiba) in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil
- Anchieta, Rio de Janeiro, a suburb in northern Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil
- Anchieta, Rio Grande do Sul, a neighborhood in Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Anchieta, Santa Catarina, a municipality in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Rodovia Anchieta, or the Anchieta Highway, running between São Paulo and Santos, Brazil
- Anchieta Palace, in Vitória, Brazil
- Fundação Padre Anchieta, educational TV and radio stations of the state of São Paulo
- José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta (1832–1897), Portuguese explorer and zoologist
- Juan de Anchieta (sculptor) (1540-1588), Spanish sculptor
- Juan de Anchieta (1462–1523), Spanish composer | 15,254 |
1215202 | Thomas Edwards (VC) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas%20Edwards%20(VC) | Thomas Edwards (VC)
Thomas Edwards (VC)
Thomas Edwards VC (19 April 1863 – 27 March 1953) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
# Details.
He was 20 years old, and a private in the 1st Battalion, The Black Watch (Royal Highlanders), British Army during the Mahdist War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.
On 13 March 1884 at the Battle of Tamai, Sudan, when both members of the crew of one of the Gatling guns had been killed, Private Edwards, after bayoneting two Arabs and himself receiving a wound from a spear, remained with the gun, defending | 15,255 |
1215202 | Thomas Edwards (VC) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas%20Edwards%20(VC) | Thomas Edwards (VC)
ces.
# Details.
He was 20 years old, and a private in the 1st Battalion, The Black Watch (Royal Highlanders), British Army during the Mahdist War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.
On 13 March 1884 at the Battle of Tamai, Sudan, when both members of the crew of one of the Gatling guns had been killed, Private Edwards, after bayoneting two Arabs and himself receiving a wound from a spear, remained with the gun, defending it throughout the action. His citation reads:
# The medal.
His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Black Watch Museum in Balhousie Castle, Perth, Scotland.
# External links.
- Location of grave and VC medal "(Essex)"
- Victoriacross.org | 15,256 |
1215163 | Patriarch Miron of Romania | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patriarch%20Miron%20of%20Romania | Patriarch Miron of Romania
Patriarch Miron of Romania
Miron Cristea (; monastic name of Elie Cristea ; 20 July 1868 – 6 March 1939) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian cleric and politician.
A bishop in Hungarian-ruled Transylvania, Cristea was elected Metropolitan-Primate of the Orthodox Church of the newly unified Greater Romania in 1919. As the Church was raised to a rank of Patriarchate, Miron Cristea was enthroned as the first Patriarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church in 1925.
In 1938, after Carol II banned political parties and established a royal dictatorship, he chose Cristea to be Prime Minister of Romania, a position from which he served for about a year, between 11 February 1938, and his death.
# Biography.
## | 15,257 |
1215163 | Patriarch Miron of Romania | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patriarch%20Miron%20of%20Romania | Patriarch Miron of Romania
Early life.
Born in Toplița to Gheorghe and Domnița Cristea, a peasant family, he studied at the Saxon Evangelical Gymnasium of Bistrița (1879–1883), at the Greek-Catholic Lyceum of Năsăud (1883–1887), at the Orthodox Seminary of Sibiu (1887–1890), after which he became a teacher and principal at the Romanian Orthodox school of Orăștie (1890–1891).
Cristea then studied philosophy and modern philology at the University of Budapest (1891–1895), where he was awarded a doctorate in 1895 – with a dissertation about the life and works of Mihai Eminescu (given in Hungarian).
Returning to Transylvania, he was a secretary (between 1895 and 1902), then a counselor (1902–1909) at the Archbishopric of | 15,258 |
1215163 | Patriarch Miron of Romania | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patriarch%20Miron%20of%20Romania | Patriarch Miron of Romania
Sibiu. It was then that he was ordained deacon in 1900 and archdeacon in 1901. Cristea became a monk at the Hodoș Bodrog Monastery, Arad County in 1902, taking the monastic name of Miron. He climbed the monastery hierarchy, becoming an archmonk in 1903 and a protosingel in 1908.
In 1908, following the death of bishop Nicolae Popea, the election of the bishop of Caransebeş led to a dispute between the Romanian Orthodox Church and the Imperial authorities, when, twice in a row, the elected bishops were not recognized by emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria, at the recommendation of the Hungarian government. Cristea was the third choice, being chosen on 21 November 1910, and obtaining the recognition | 15,259 |
1215163 | Patriarch Miron of Romania | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patriarch%20Miron%20of%20Romania | Patriarch Miron of Romania
from the authorities; he became an archbishop in 1919.
During World War I, as Romania joined the war on the Allies' side, Cristea signed on 1 September 1916, a public letter to the parishioners printed at Oradea by the Orthodox Bishopric of Transylvania. The letter called to arms all believers against "Romania the new enemy which sinfully covets to ruin the borders, coming to conquer Transylvania".
Towards the end of World War I, on 18 October 1918, the Central National Romanian Central Council was formed, an organization which fought for the union of Transylvania and Romania. On 21 November, Cristea, as archbishop of Caransebeș joined the organization and recognized it as the only ruling | 15,260 |
1215163 | Patriarch Miron of Romania | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patriarch%20Miron%20of%20Romania | Patriarch Miron of Romania
body of the Romanian nation in Transylvania. On 1 December, he was (with Vasile Goldiș, Iuliu Hossu, and Alexandru Vaida-Voevod) a member of Austro-Hungarian Romanian delegation that called for the unification of Romania and Transylvania.
On 28 May 1919, the King and government of Romania went to the grave of Michael the Brave in Câmpia Turzii and Bishop Cristea lead the religious service of commemoration and held a nationalist speech in which he drew a parallel between King Ferdinand I and Michael the Brave and recommended the King to not stop at Turda, but continuing all the way to the Tisa River.
## Head of church.
Because of his collaboration with the German occupation troops, the Metropolitan-Primate | 15,261 |
1215163 | Patriarch Miron of Romania | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patriarch%20Miron%20of%20Romania | Patriarch Miron of Romania
Conon Arămescu-Donici was forced to resign on 1 December 1919 and on 31 December 1919, Cristea was chosen by the Great Electoral College as the first Metropolitan-Primate of Greater Romania with 435 votes out of 447. The Romanian Orthodox Church was elevated to a patriarchate in 1925. On 1 November 1925, after a Synod was held, Cristea was named Patriarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church.
As Metropolitan-Primate and later Patriarch, Cristea continued the tradition of his predecessors to support whatever government was in power. The church acted as an agency of the state, for instance, in 1920, Cristea asked the clergymen to aid the state financially by encouraging the faithful to buy government | 15,262 |
1215163 | Patriarch Miron of Romania | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patriarch%20Miron%20of%20Romania | Patriarch Miron of Romania
bonds. Cristea's discourse incorporated nationalist and statist elements, arguing that Orthodox religion was integral to the Romanian soul, and he argued that the church's values include "patriotism" and "obedience to [civil] authorities" alongside "faith and morality".
Cristea introduced reforms such as the Gregorian calendar to the church, including, briefly, the celebration of Pascha (Easter) on the same date as the Roman Catholic Church. This was opposed by various groups of traditionalists and Old Calendarists, especially in Moldavia, where Metropolitan Gurie Grosu of Bessarabia refused to accept the orders given by the Patriarchate.
In 1927, he was chosen by Ionel Brătianu to be one | 15,263 |
1215163 | Patriarch Miron of Romania | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patriarch%20Miron%20of%20Romania | Patriarch Miron of Romania
of the three regents of King Michael I of Romania, alongside Prince Nicholas of Romania and Gheorghe Buzdugan.
Cristea's involvement in politics was, however, controversial, being criticised by journalists at "Epoca" newspaper, who accused him of trying to play the role of Rasputin and being a member of the palace camarilla. This resulted in the issue being confiscated by the police and their offices being vandalized by hooligans, allegedly incited by the government.
A dispute arose with philosopher Nae Ionescu after Ionescu attacked Cristea for hypocrisy in newspaper articles following a lavish dinner with Cristea during the Nativity Fast at which they were served turkey. In retaliation, | 15,264 |
1215163 | Patriarch Miron of Romania | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patriarch%20Miron%20of%20Romania | Patriarch Miron of Romania
Cristea requested that the iconographer Belizarie paint Ionescu's face on a devil in the Patriarchal Cathedral in Bucharest's Apocalypse-themed mural.
In 1929, because of a serious illness (identified as leucocythemia by his medics), Cristea retired for several months to a country house in Dragoslavele, Muscel County, but despite the bleak predictions about his health state, he was soon able to return to Bucharest.
On 6 July 1930, Carol II returned to Romania to assume power. On 7 July, Miron Cristea and Constantin Sărățeanu resigned from the regency and the following day, the Parliament revoked the 1926 law which gave the throne to Mihai, Carol becoming King again.
Cristea kept his loyalty | 15,265 |
1215163 | Patriarch Miron of Romania | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patriarch%20Miron%20of%20Romania | Patriarch Miron of Romania
to King Carol II throughout his rule. In March 1937, as the King attempted to suppress the influence of the fascist movement known as the Iron Guard, Cristea responded to the request sent by the Tătărescu government on limiting the relationship between the clergy and the Iron Guard. Cristea invoked a Holy Synod which banned clergy from joining the Legion and disallowed political demonstrations and symbols in the churches.
## Prime Minister of Romania.
In a bid for political unity against the Iron Guard, which was gaining popularity, in 1938, Carol dismissed the government of Prime Minister Octavian Goga and seized emergency powers. He suspended the constitution, suspended all political activity, | 15,266 |
1215163 | Patriarch Miron of Romania | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patriarch%20Miron%20of%20Romania | Patriarch Miron of Romania
and ruled by decree. Cristea was named Prime Minister on 11 February 1938. He headed a government that included seven former prime ministers and members of all major parties except for Codreanu's Iron Guard and Goga's Lăncieri, which had violently clashed. "Time" magazine described him as a "puppet Premier" of Carol II, whereas historian Joseph Rothschild considered that it was Cristea's vice-prime-minister, Armand Călinescu, who held the power in the Cristea government.
In his inaugural speech, Cristea denounced liberal pluralism, arguing that "the monster with 29 electoral heads was destroyed" (referring to the 29 political parties which were to be banned) and claiming that the king shall | 15,267 |
1215163 | Patriarch Miron of Romania | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patriarch%20Miron%20of%20Romania | Patriarch Miron of Romania
bring salvation.
The new government stopped the antisemitic violence that was unleashed under Goga's rule, but the antisemitic legislation in place was not altered, as Nichifor Crainic's racist, fascist ideology fit comfortably with the social views and political theology of the Romanian Orthodox Church.
At Carol's direction, Cristea's government declared state of siege, which allowed among other things, searches without warrant and the military appropriation of privately held guns. He also imposed harsh press censorship and restored the death penalty. However, Cristea promised prosperity through some constitutional and social reforms, which were to include the "organized emigration of Jewish | 15,268 |
1215163 | Patriarch Miron of Romania | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patriarch%20Miron%20of%20Romania | Patriarch Miron of Romania
surplus population", that is, expulsion of all Jews who came to Romania during or after World War I. However, it eased the anti-Semitic restrictions imposed by the Goga government.
The external politics of the Cristea government were based on seeking an alliance with the United Kingdom and France, away from the friendship with the Berlin-Rome Axis supported by the Goga government. Cristea also visited Poland, with which Romania had an alliance and with which it tried to create a neutral block between Nazi Germany and the USSR.
Among the policies Cristea introduced during his rule as Prime Minister was a crackdown on the Protestant minority, by disallowing religious service to small congregations | 15,269 |
1215163 | Patriarch Miron of Romania | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patriarch%20Miron%20of%20Romania | Patriarch Miron of Romania
with less than 100 heads of families, basically banning the services in around 1500 small chapels belonging to various non-Orthodox Christian denominations. Despite worldwide protests from the Baptists, the ban was only lifted after Cristea's death by his successor, the National Renaissance Front's Armand Călinescu.
On 20 February, a new constitution was announced, which organized Romania as a "corporatist state" similar to the one of Fascist Italy, with a parliament made up of representatives of the guilds of farmers, workers and intellectuals. Four days later, on 24 February, the constitution was approved, with 99.87% of votes for, through a plebiscite, described by a contemporary article | 15,270 |
1215163 | Patriarch Miron of Romania | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patriarch%20Miron%20of%20Romania | Patriarch Miron of Romania
in "The Manchester Guardian" as a "farse" for its lack of vote secrecy and the lack of information given to rural voters .
Upon the approval of the new constitution, Cristea's government resigned on 30 March. He formed a new government later that day. The new government banned all political parties, their activity being only suspended before that.
In March 1938, Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, the leader of the Iron Guard, attacked in a letter the politicians who supported Carol II, including Prime Minister Cristea and members of his government. Codreanu was arrested for slander against Nicolae Iorga and killed "while attempting to escape".
By the end of 1938, Carol II introduced even more Fascist-inspired | 15,271 |
1215163 | Patriarch Miron of Romania | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patriarch%20Miron%20of%20Romania | Patriarch Miron of Romania
elements. In December 1938, the National Renaissance Front was formed as the only legally permitted party. On 1 January 1939; Cristea's government visited the Royal Palace wearing uniforms. When they met Carol, Cristea and the ministers greeted him with the Fascist salute.
## Deteriorating health and death.
His health deteriorated in January 1939, suffering from two heart attacks, which prompted his doctors to recommend him to stay in a warmer place for a few months, in order to avoid the harsher Romanian winter. In response, on 1 February 1939, Călinescu took over most of Cristea's powers, while Cristea remained nominally the Prime Minister at the King's insistence.
On 24 February 1939, | 15,272 |
1215163 | Patriarch Miron of Romania | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patriarch%20Miron%20of%20Romania | Patriarch Miron of Romania
Cristea arrived in Cannes, France, but contracted pneumonia while waiting for his niece in the Nice railway station. He stayed in Cannes for treatment, but died two weeks later, on 6 March, of bronchopneumonia complicated by heart disease.
His body was sent by train to Bucharest, the funeral train stopping in all stations in Romania to permit believers to pay their last respects and say prayers before the body. On 7 March, a state of national mourning was ordered and all festivities were canceled. A week later, on 14 March, funeral services were held in Bucharest, Cristea being buried in the Patriarchal Cathedral.
# Political positions and policies.
Cristea's political positions were nationalistic, | 15,273 |
1215163 | Patriarch Miron of Romania | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patriarch%20Miron%20of%20Romania | Patriarch Miron of Romania
seeing for Romania external threats from both the east, in the form of communism and the Soviet Union and from the capitalist and modernist west.
## Toward other Christian denominations.
As he became the head of the Orthodox Church in Greater Romania, a multiethnic and multireligious state, Cristea feared that the ethnic minorities, as well as Romanians belonging to non-Orthodox creeds such as the Greek-Catholicism and the Jews would challenge the privileged status which the Orthodox Church had in pre-World War I Romania.
Nevertheless, Cristea attempted an ecumenical close-up with the Anglican Church, by visiting Cosmo Gordon Lang, the Archbishop of Canterbury in 1936.
Cristea strongly opposed | 15,274 |
1215163 | Patriarch Miron of Romania | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patriarch%20Miron%20of%20Romania | Patriarch Miron of Romania
the idea of a Concordat with the Vatican and the Romanian Orthodox Church issued a statement against it saying that "the treaty subordinates the interests of the country and the sovereignty of the state to a foreign power". The Romanian Senate ratified it anyway on 26 May 1929, and Cristea, as a member of the regency, was forced to sign it. This has led again to discussions about the incompatibility between his two posts and there were discussions on whether Cristea would have resigned rather than sign the Concordat.
After Cristea introduced reforms such as switching to the Gregorian calendar, the Old Calendar Romanian Orthodox Church, led by Glicherie Tănase seceded many parishes from the | 15,275 |
1215163 | Patriarch Miron of Romania | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patriarch%20Miron%20of%20Romania | Patriarch Miron of Romania
Orthodox Church and by 1936 they had built more than 40 churches. However, after 1935, the Romanian government began to suppress any opposition to the Orthodox Church and the churches were razed and some of the activists the imprisoned, while a number of clerics, including hieromonk Pambo and five monks from the Old Calendarist Cucova Monastery, were beaten to death. Protests against the authorities' actions were met with repression by police and the leader of Old Calendarists, Tănase, was accused of being an instigator and sentenced to death.
In 1937, William Temple, the Archbishop of York, sent a letter to Cristea in which he questioned religious freedom in Romania, referring especially to | 15,276 |
1215163 | Patriarch Miron of Romania | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patriarch%20Miron%20of%20Romania | Patriarch Miron of Romania
the treatment of the Baptists. Cristea denied such claims and responded in a long document in which he said Temple was misled by the "perverse propaganda" and the "false mystification" of the Magyars, as well as the "ferocious and barbaric proselytism of the Pope". He further added, referring to neo-Protestants, that Romania should not allow to be "undermined by foreigners dressed in innocent pseudo-religious garb".
## Toward the Jews.
Early during his tenure as Patriarch, Cristea supported tolerance towards the Jewish people. For instance, in 1928, he made an appeal towards the Romanian students to observe the Golden Rule and he expressed regrets for attacks and profanations of synagogues.
In | 15,277 |
1215163 | Patriarch Miron of Romania | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patriarch%20Miron%20of%20Romania | Patriarch Miron of Romania
the 1930s, as the Fascist Iron Guard rose in popularity, initially, Cristea's position towards them was of acceptance, especially since their program included loyalty to Orthodoxism. Many Orthodox priests were attracted by the movement and it was common that their banners were blessed in churches.
In 1937, Cristea realized that the Iron Guard was decreasing the loyalty of both the Orthodox Christians and the lower-ranked clergy to the church hierarchy and began to oppose the Guard, while adopting their anti-semitic and xenophobic rhetoric: he supported the revocation of the Romanian citizenship for Jewish people and their deportation, the Jews being in his opinion the major obstacle in "assuring | 15,278 |
1215163 | Patriarch Miron of Romania | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patriarch%20Miron%20of%20Romania | Patriarch Miron of Romania
preponderant rights to ethnic Romanians".
On 18 August 1937, he issued a statement which called the Romanian nation "to fight the Jewish parasites" who spread "epidemics of corruption" throughout Romania and that the Romanians have "a national and patriotic duty" to protect themselves against the Jews:
In 1938, during a meeting with Wilhelm Fabricius, the German ambassador, Cristea praised the anti-semitic policy conducted by Nazi Germany and supporting such a policy in Romania, and the British Ambassador wrote in his report to London that "Nothing would induce him [i.e., Cristea] to talk about anything but the Jewish problem."
# Legacy.
His birthplace home in Toplița is currently a museum | 15,279 |
1215163 | Patriarch Miron of Romania | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patriarch%20Miron%20of%20Romania | Patriarch Miron of Romania
cy.
His birthplace home in Toplița is currently a museum dedicated to his life. Each year, on Cristea's birthday, the Romanian Orthodox Patriarchate organizes the "Miron Cristea Days", dedicated to the first patriarch of the Church and which feature various cultural activities.
In July 2010, the National Bank of Romania minted a commemorative coin bearing Cristea's image as a part of a collectors' series of five coins showing the Patriarchs of All Romania. In response, Radu Ioanid, international archives director at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, called for the coin be withdrawn. On 20 August, the National Bank of Romania announced that it would not withdraw the Cristea coin. | 15,280 |
1215215 | Frank Jefferson | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frank%20Jefferson | Frank Jefferson
Frank Jefferson
Francis Arthur Jefferson VC (18 August 1921 – 4 September 1982) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. It was awarded for his actions at the Battle of Monte Cassino during the Italian Campaign of the Second World War.
# Details.
Jefferson was 22 years old, and a fusilier in the 2nd Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers, British Army during the Second World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.
On 16 May 1944, during an attack on the Gustav Line, Monte Cassino, Italy, the leading company of Fusilier Jefferson's battalion had to | 15,281 |
1215215 | Frank Jefferson | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frank%20Jefferson | Frank Jefferson
dig in without protection. The enemy counter-attacked opening fire at short range, and Fusilier Jefferson on his own initiative seized a PIAT gun and, running forward under a hail of bullets, fired on the leading tank. It burst into flames and its crew were killed. The fusilier then reloaded and went towards the second tank which withdrew before he could get within range. By this time, British tanks had arrived and the enemy counter-attack was smashed.
# Further information.
Jefferson later achieved the rank of lance-corporal.
# The medal.
Jefferson's VC was stolen from his mother's home in 1982 and has not been recovered.
# References.
- Harvey, David. "Monuments to Courage", 1999.
- | 15,282 |
1215215 | Frank Jefferson | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frank%20Jefferson | Frank Jefferson
s crew were killed. The fusilier then reloaded and went towards the second tank which withdrew before he could get within range. By this time, British tanks had arrived and the enemy counter-attack was smashed.
# Further information.
Jefferson later achieved the rank of lance-corporal.
# The medal.
Jefferson's VC was stolen from his mother's home in 1982 and has not been recovered.
# References.
- Harvey, David. "Monuments to Courage", 1999.
- Laffin, John. "British VCs of World War 2", 1997.
- "The Register of the Victoria Cross", "This England", 1997.
# External links.
- Frank Jefferson on the Lancashire Fusiliers Museum website
- Frank's page on the Lancashire Fusilier Website. | 15,283 |
1215212 | Sir Henry Havelock-Allan, 1st Baronet | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sir%20Henry%20Havelock-Allan,%201st%20Baronet | Sir Henry Havelock-Allan, 1st Baronet
Sir Henry Havelock-Allan, 1st Baronet
Lieutenant General Sir Henry Marshman Havelock-Allan, 1st Baronet (6 August 1830 – 30 December 1897) was a British soldier and politician.
# Early life.
Havelock was born in Cawnpore, India on 6 August 1830, the son of Major General Sir Henry Havelock and his wife, Hannah "née" Marshman – herself the daughter of the missionaries Joshua Marshman and his wife Hannah.
# Military service.
He was 26 years old, and a lieutenant in the 10th Regiment of Foot during the Indian Mutiny when on 16 July 1857 at Cawnpore, the 64th Regiment had suffered badly under artillery fire. When the enemy was seen rallying their last 24-pounder, the order was given to advance, | 15,284 |
1215212 | Sir Henry Havelock-Allan, 1st Baronet | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sir%20Henry%20Havelock-Allan,%201st%20Baronet | Sir Henry Havelock-Allan, 1st Baronet
and Lieutenant Havelock immediately placed himself, on his horse, in front of the centre of the 64th, opposite the muzzle of the gun and moved on at a foot pace, in the face of shot and grape fired by the enemy. The advance went steadily on, led by the lieutenant and finally the gun was rushed and taken by the 64th. For this deed, Havelock was awarded the Victoria Cross. On 25 September 1857 he was badly wounded in the Siege of Lucknow.
On returning to England in 1860, he joined his regiment at Shorncliffe. He became deputy assistant adjutant-general at Aldershot on 1 October 1861. He was posted with his regiment to New Zealand in August 1863, where he was appointed deputy assistant quartermaster-general | 15,285 |
1215212 | Sir Henry Havelock-Allan, 1st Baronet | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sir%20Henry%20Havelock-Allan,%201st%20Baronet | Sir Henry Havelock-Allan, 1st Baronet
and served under Major General Duncan Cameron from 1863 to 1864. He participated in the Invasion of Waikato, being present at Rangiriri, Waiari, Paterangi, Rangiawhia, and at the siege and capture of Orakau. For his services during this period, he was Mentioned in despatches, promoted to major (28 June 1864), and was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath in August 1866.
In March 1867 he was posted to Canada, where he served as assistant quartermaster-general for two years. He then spent three years in Dublin performing the same role. In 1870 he was given leave of absence to act as a War correspondent in the Franco-Prussian War, being present at the Battle of Sedan. In 1877, he attended | 15,286 |
1215212 | Sir Henry Havelock-Allan, 1st Baronet | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sir%20Henry%20Havelock-Allan,%201st%20Baronet | Sir Henry Havelock-Allan, 1st Baronet
the Russo-Turkish War in the same capacity. He was promoted to colonel on 17 June 1868, and major general on 18 March 1878.
Ill health forced him to retire from the active list on 9 December 1881, with the honorary rank of lieutenant general. However, when the Anglo-Egyptian War broke out the following year, he made his way to the British headquarters in Ismaïlia telling a war correspondent: "Don't for goodness' sake mention me in your despatches, for my wife thinks I'm somewhere on the Riviera, but I could not resist coming here to see the fun." He petitioned British commander Sir Garnet Wolseley for a role on the staff; but Wolseley refused, writing to his wife:
Nonetheless, he was able | 15,287 |
1215212 | Sir Henry Havelock-Allan, 1st Baronet | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sir%20Henry%20Havelock-Allan,%201st%20Baronet | Sir Henry Havelock-Allan, 1st Baronet
to see action at the battles of Kassassin and Tel el-Kebir, where he supposedly led a charge armed with nothing but a riding crop.
# Baronetcy.
In 1858 he was granted the baronetcy originally intended for his father (who died a year earlier) and he and his mother were granted a parliamentary pension of £1,000 a year. He later went to England and became an MP in 1874 for his father's birth-town of Sunderland until 1881. He inherited Blackwell Grange, the former property of his cousin Robert Allan, changed his surname to Havelock-Allan (as was required by the will of the latter) and became an MP for South East Durham from 1885 to 1892.
# Death.
He was re-elected in 1895 and also became colonel | 15,288 |
1215212 | Sir Henry Havelock-Allan, 1st Baronet | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sir%20Henry%20Havelock-Allan,%201st%20Baronet | Sir Henry Havelock-Allan, 1st Baronet
d Blackwell Grange, the former property of his cousin Robert Allan, changed his surname to Havelock-Allan (as was required by the will of the latter) and became an MP for South East Durham from 1885 to 1892.
# Death.
He was re-elected in 1895 and also became colonel of the Royal Irish Regiment, stationed in India, that year. It was there that he was killed by Afridi clansmen on the Afghanistan side of the Khyber Pass in 1897 and he was later buried in Rawalpindi.
# Works.
In 1867, Havelock published his "Three Main Military Questions of the Day", which addressed the issues of a Home Reserve Army, improved economic military tenure of India and the effects of breechloading arms on cavalry. | 15,289 |
1215218 | John Alexander Christie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Alexander%20Christie | John Alexander Christie
John Alexander Christie
John Alexander Christie VC (14 May 1895 – 10 September 1967) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
# Biography.
Christie was 22 years old, and a lance-corporal in the 1/11th (County of London) Battalion, (Finsbury Rifles), London Regiment, British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.
On 21 December/22 December 1917, at Fejja, Palestine, after a position had been captured, the enemy immediately made counter-attacks up the communication trenches. Lance-Corporal Christie, | 15,290 |
1215218 | John Alexander Christie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Alexander%20Christie | John Alexander Christie
seeing what was happening, took a supply of bombs and went alone about 50 yards in the open along the communication trench and bombed the enemy. He continued to do this in spite of heavy opposition until a block had been established. On his way back he bombed more of the enemy who were moving up the trench. His prompt action cleared a difficult position at a most difficult time and saved many lives.
His medal is privately held.
# Memorials.
Jock Christie had been a parcels clerk employed by the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) at Euston Station. In 1920 the LNWR named "Claughton"-class locomotive No. 1407 'L/Cpl J.A. Christie, V.C.' in his honour.
A plaque inside Euston Station commemorating | 15,291 |
1215218 | John Alexander Christie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Alexander%20Christie | John Alexander Christie
ficult position at a most difficult time and saved many lives.
His medal is privately held.
# Memorials.
Jock Christie had been a parcels clerk employed by the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) at Euston Station. In 1920 the LNWR named "Claughton"-class locomotive No. 1407 'L/Cpl J.A. Christie, V.C.' in his honour.
A plaque inside Euston Station commemorating the action of Jock Christie VC was unveiled by his son on 28 March 2014.
# References.
- Monuments to Courage (David Harvey, 1999)
- The Register of the Victoria Cross (This England, 1997)
- Scotland's Forgotten Valour (Graham Ross, 1995)
# External links.
- Memorial bench
- Location of grave and VC medal "(Manchester)" | 15,292 |
1215223 | Robert Grieve | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert%20Grieve | Robert Grieve
Robert Grieve
Robert Cuthbert Grieve, VC (19 June 1889 – 4 October 1957) was an Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry "in the face of the enemy" that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
# Early life.
Born in Brighton, a suburb of Melbourne, to John and Annie Deas Grieve (née Brown), Grieve was educated at Caulfield Grammar School and then Wesley College. He became an interstate commercial traveller in the softgoods trade.
# First World War.
After nine months service in the Victorian Rangers, he enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force as a private on 9 June 1915. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 37th Battalion in January | 15,293 |
1215223 | Robert Grieve | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert%20Grieve | Robert Grieve
1916, was promoted to lieutenant in May 1916, and after training in England, was promoted to captain in France in February 1917.
In France he served at Armentières, Bois-Grenier, L'Epinette, Ploegsteert Wood, Messines, La Basse Ville, and Warneton.
He was awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions at Messines. The announcement and accompanying citation for the award was published in a supplement to the "London Gazette" of 31 July 1917, reading:
Severely wounded in the shoulder by a sniper's bullet, Grieve was evacuated to England, and on recovery returned to his unit in October. However, due to subsequently suffering acute trench nephritis and double pneumonia, he was invalided to Australia | 15,294 |
1215223 | Robert Grieve | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert%20Grieve | Robert Grieve
in May 1918. On 7 August, at Scots Church, Sydney, he married Sister May Isabel Bowman of the Australian Army Nursing Service who had nursed him during his illness.
# Post-war.
Post-war he held the rank of captain in the Militia. He established the business of Grieve, Gardner & Co., soft-goods warehousemen, in Flinders Lane, Melbourne, and was managing director until 4 October 1957 when he died of cardiac failure.
He was buried with military honours in Springvale cemetery. Grieve's medal was presented by his family to Wesley College in 1959, and has been lent to the Shrine of Remembrance, where it is on permanent display. Grieve was an active supporter of Wesley College for many years and | 15,295 |
1215223 | Robert Grieve | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert%20Grieve | Robert Grieve
contributed towards an annual scholarship.
A home room at Wesley College is named in his honour as well as a 'Grieve Way' a street in Wodonga, Victoria.
# Family.
A son, Robert Henderson "Bob" Grieve (30 November 1924 – 15 December 2006) was a noted artist and president of the Victorian branch of the Victorian branch of the Contemporary Art Society from 1967 to 1987.
## Relation to John Grieve.
A number of references including the 1997 edition of The Register of the Victoria Cross list Sergeant Major John Grieve VC (Crimea, 1854) and Captain Robert Cuthbert Grieve (Belgium, 1917) as great uncle and great nephew. This connection was suggested by an article in The Times on 29 May 1964. The | 15,296 |
1215223 | Robert Grieve | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert%20Grieve | Robert Grieve
Times on 29 May 1964. The article said John Grieve sent home £75 from the Crimea to Robert Grieve and that if Robert Grieve was his brother and also emigrated, then some relationship may be established between the Crimean VC and an Australian First World War VC, Robert Grieve. However, descendents of both Grieve families have been in contact with each other and have found that they are not great uncle and great nephew.
# See also.
- List of Caulfield Grammar School people
# External links.
- Darryl McIntyre, 'Grieve, Robert Cuthbert (1889–1957)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 9, Melbourne University Press, 1983, pp 106–107.
- Robert Cuthbert GRIEVE, AIF Project, adfa.edu.au | 15,297 |
1215225 | O'Moore Creagh | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=O'Moore%20Creagh | O'Moore Creagh
O'Moore Creagh
General Sir Garrett O'Moore Creagh (2 April 1848 – 9 August 1923), known as Sir O'Moore Creagh, was a senior British Army officer and an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
# Background.
Creagh was born in Cahirbane, County Clare, on 2 April 1848, the seventh son of Captain James Creagh, RN, and his wife, Grace O'Moore.
Creagh was married twice, firstly to Mary Longfield (or possibly Brereton) in 1874, who died in 1876, and then to Elizabeth Reade in 1891. He had three children, one of whom was Major General Sir Michael Creagh.
In 1866, after training at the | 15,298 |
1215225 | O'Moore Creagh | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=O'Moore%20Creagh | O'Moore Creagh
Royal Military College, Sandhurst, Creagh was commissioned into the 95th (Derbyshire) Regiment of Foot and in 1869 was posted to India, being transferred to the British Indian Army the next year.
# Second Anglo-Afghan War.
Creagh was 31 years old, and a captain in the Bombay Staff Corps during the Second Anglo-Afghan War, when the following deed on 22 April 1879 at Kam Dakka, on the Kabul River, Afghanistan, took place for which he was awarded the VC:
# Later career.
In 1878 he became captain of the Merwara battalion, commanding them from 1882 until 1886. He assumed command of the 29th (Duke of Connaught's Own) Bombay Infantry (2nd Baluch Battalion) in 1890, and was promoted to Assistant | 15,299 |
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