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1215225 | O'Moore Creagh | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=O'Moore%20Creagh | O'Moore Creagh
Quarter-master General in 1896. He commanded the Indian contingent during the Boxer Rebellion in China in 1900, and was in September 1901 appointed General Officer Commanding the British Force in China after the departure of General Alfred Gaselee. He stayed there for several years, was knighted as a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in 1904 and promoted to general on 11 December 1907. The same year he was appointed Military Secretary to the India Office.
Creagh succeeded Lord Kitchener as Commander-in-Chief, India, in 1909, retiring in 1914. During the First World War he served as the military advisor to the Central Association of Volunteer Training Corps. He died at 65 Albert | 15,300 |
1215225 | O'Moore Creagh | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=O'Moore%20Creagh | O'Moore Creagh
65 Albert Hall Mansions, London SW9, on 9 August 1923.
Creagh further followed Kitchener in becoming the District Grand Master of Freemasons in the Punjab.
His Victoria Cross is held by the National Army Museum in Chelsea, London, England.
# References.
Listed in order of publication year
- "The Register of the Victoria Cross" (1981, 1988 and 1997)
- "Ireland's VCs" (Dept of Economic Development, 1995)
- "Monuments to Courage" (David Harvey, 1999)
- "Irish Winners of the Victoria Cross" (Richard Doherty & David Truesdale, 2000)
- "Freemasons Certificate held in the Grand Lodge Library in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"
# External links.
- Location of grave and VC medal "(Surrey)" | 15,301 |
1215232 | Robert Grierson Combe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert%20Grierson%20Combe | Robert Grierson Combe
Robert Grierson Combe
Robert Grierson Combe (5 August 1880 – 3 May 1917), was a Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. Combe is also considered Scottish since he was born in Aberdeen, Scotland.
# Details.
Combe was 36 years old, and a lieutenant in the 27th Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.
On 3 May 1917, south of Acheville, France, Lieutenant Combe steadied his company under intense fire and leading them through the enemy barrage reached the objective with | 15,302 |
1215232 | Robert Grierson Combe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert%20Grierson%20Combe | Robert Grierson Combe
only five men. He proceeded to bomb the enemy, inflicting heavy casualties and then, collecting small groups of men, succeeded in capturing the objective, together with 80 prisoners. He repeatedly charged the enemy, driving them before him, but while personally leading his bombers he was killed by a sniper.
Combe was buried in a battlefield cemetery near Acheville close where he was killed, but later fighting saw the cemetery destroyed and his grave site lost. As such, R.G. Combe's name is inscribed on the Canadian National Vimy Memorial along with the names of the other Canadian soldiers who were killed in France and whose bodies were never recovered or identified or whose graves were lost. | 15,303 |
1215232 | Robert Grierson Combe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert%20Grierson%20Combe | Robert Grierson Combe
were never recovered or identified or whose graves were lost. The battlefield on which Lt. Combe fell is just over seven kilometres away from the Vimy Monument, and on a clear day Acheville can be seen from the monument itself.
# The medal.
Combe's medal is held by the Provincial Archives in Regina, Saskatchewan and is displayed on special occasions. It is the only publicly held Victoria Cross in the province.
# Further reading.
- Monuments to Courage (David Harvey, 1999)
- The Register of the Victoria Cross (This England, 1997)
- Scotland's Forgotten Valour (Graham Ross, 1995)
# External links.
- Robert Grierson Combe digitized service file
- Legion Magazine article on Robert Combe | 15,304 |
1215230 | John Augustus Conolly | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Augustus%20Conolly | John Augustus Conolly
John Augustus Conolly
Lieutenant Colonel John Augustus Conolly VC (30 May 1829 – 23 December 1888), born in Celbridge, County Kildare, Ireland, was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
# Details.
He was 25 years old, and a lieutenant in the 49th Regiment of Foot, British Army during the Crimean War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.
On 26 October 1854 at Sebastopol, the Crimea, an attack by the Russians was repulsed and the enemy fell back pursued by men of the 49th Regiment, led by Lieutenant Conolly, whose gallant behaviour | 15,305 |
1215230 | John Augustus Conolly | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Augustus%20Conolly | John Augustus Conolly
was most conspicuous in this action. He ultimately fell, dangerously wounded, while in personal encounter with several Russians, in defence of his post.
# Further information.
Conolly was a younger son of Edward Michael Conolly (an MP), by his wife Catherine Jane, daughter of Chambré Brabazon Ponsonby-Barker (also an MP). He was born in Ireland and educated in England at King Edward's School, Birmingham, and eventually achieved the rank of lieutenant colonel. Conolly died in Curragh, County Kildare, in December 1888 and is buried in Mount Jerome Cemetery. By his wife Ida Charlotte, a daughter of Edwyn Burnaby, he had several children. His son, John Richard Arthur Conolly, was a member of parliament | 15,306 |
1215230 | John Augustus Conolly | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Augustus%20Conolly | John Augustus Conolly
in December 1888 and is buried in Mount Jerome Cemetery. By his wife Ida Charlotte, a daughter of Edwyn Burnaby, he had several children. His son, John Richard Arthur Conolly, was a member of parliament in Western Australia.
# The medal.
Conolly's Victoria Cross is displayed at The Grenadier Guards Regimental Headquarters in London.
# References.
Listed in order of publication year
- "The Register of the Victoria Cross" (1981, 1988 and 1997)
- "Ireland's VCs" (Dept of Economic Development, 1995)
- "Monuments to Courage" (David Harvey, 1999)
- "Irish Winners of the Victoria Cross" (Richard Doherty & David Truesdale, 2000)
# External links.
- Location of grave and VC medal "(Dublin)" | 15,307 |
1215236 | David Lowe MacIntyre | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Lowe%20MacIntyre | David Lowe MacIntyre
David Lowe MacIntyre
David Lowe Macintyre VC, CB (18 June 1895 – 31 July 1967) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
# Details.
After graduating from the University of Edinburgh, the 23 years old, and a temporary lieutenant in The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (Princess Louise's), British Army, was attached to 1/6th Battalion, The Highland Light Infantry during the First World War when the following deeds took place for which he was awarded the VC. On 24 August 1918, and three days later, on 27 August near Hénin and Fontaine-lès-Croisilles, France, | 15,308 |
1215236 | David Lowe MacIntyre | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Lowe%20MacIntyre | David Lowe MacIntyre
Lieutenant Macintyre, when acting as adjutant of his battalion, was constantly in evidence in the firing line and by his coolness under most heavy shell and machine-gun fire inspired the confidence of all ranks. On one occasion when extra strong barbed wire entanglements were encountered, he organised and took forward a party and under heavy fire supervised the making of gaps. Subsequently, when relieved of command of the firing line and an enemy machine-gun opened fire close to him, he rushed it single-handed, putting the team to flight, and then brought in the gun. The full citation was published in a supplement to the "London Gazette" of 25 October 1918, and read:
After the war, he entered | 15,309 |
1215236 | David Lowe MacIntyre | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David%20Lowe%20MacIntyre | David Lowe MacIntyre
5 October 1918, and read:
After the war, he entered the Civil Service in the Office of Works and by the time of his appointment as a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 1949 New Year Honours, he was Under Secretary for Scotland in its successor, the Ministry of Works. He still held the post at his retirement in 1959.
The medal is now on display in the National War Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh Castle.
# References.
- Monuments to Courage (David Harvey, 1999)
- The Register of the Victoria Cross (This England, 1997)
- Scotland's Forgotten Valour (Graham Ross, 1995)
# External links.
- Location of grave and VC medal "(Edinburgh)"
- History of Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders | 15,310 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
Gheorghe Tătărescu
Gheorghe I. Tătărescu (also known as "Guță Tătărescu", with a slightly antiquated pet form of his given name; 2 November 1886 – 28 March 1957) was a Romanian politician who served twice as Prime Minister of Romania (1934–1937; 1939–1940), three times as Minister of Foreign Affairs ("interim" in 1934 and 1938; appointed to the office in 1945-1947), and once as Minister of War (1934). Representing the "young liberals" faction inside the National Liberal Party (PNL), Tătărescu began his political career as a collaborator of Ion G. Duca, becoming noted for his anti-Communism and, in time, for his conflicts with the PNL's leader Dinu Brătianu and the Foreign Minister Nicolae Titulescu. | 15,311 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
During his first time in office, he moved closer to King Carol II, leading an ambivalent policy toward the fascist Iron Guard and ultimately becoming instrumental in establishing the authoritarian and corporatist regime around the National Renaissance Front. In 1940, he accepted the cession of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union, and consequently had to resign.
After the start of World War II, Gheorghe Tătărescu initiated a move to rally political forces in opposition to Ion Antonescu's dictatorship, and sought an alliance with the Romanian Communist Party (PCR). He was twice expelled from the PNL, in 1938 and 1944, creating instead his own group, the National Liberal Party-Tătărescu, | 15,312 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
and representing it inside the Communist-endorsed Petru Groza cabinet. In 1946-1947, he was also the President of the Romanian Delegation to the Peace Conference in Paris. After that moment, relations between Tătărescu and the PCR began to sour, and he was replaced from the leadership of both his own party and the Foreign Ministry when his name was implicated in the Tămădău Affair. Following the Communist takeover, he was arrested and held as a political prisoner, while being called to testify in the trial of Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu. He died soon after his release from prison.
Elected an honorary member of the Romanian Academy in 1937, he was removed from his seat by the Communist authorities in | 15,313 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
1948. One of his brothers, Colonel Ștefan Tătărescu, was at some point the leader of a minor Nazi group, the National Socialist Party.
# Early life and politics.
Born in Târgu Jiu, Tătărescu studied at Carol I High School in Craiova. He later went to France, where he was awarded a doctorate from the University of Paris in 1912, with a thesis on the Romanian parliamentary system ("Le régime électoral et parlementaire en Roumanie"). He subsequently worked as a lawyer in Bucharest. He fathered a son, Tudor, and a daughter, Sanda (married to the lawyer Ulise Negropontes in 1940).
After joining the National Liberal Party (PNL), he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies for the first time in November | 15,314 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
1919, representing Gorj County. Among his first notable actions as a politician was an initiative to interpellate Nicolae L. Lupu, the Minister of Interior Affairs Ministry in the Romanian National Party-Peasants' Party cabinet, in answer to concerns that the executive was tolerating socialist agitation in the countryside.
He stood among the PNL's "young liberals" faction (as they were colloquially known), supporting free trade and a more authoritarian rule over the country around King Carol II, and opposing both the older generation of leaders (who tended to advocate protectionism and a liberal democracy) and the dissident group of Gheorghe I. Brătianu ("see National Liberal Party-Brătianu").
Undersecretary | 15,315 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
in the Interior Affairs Ministry under several PNL cabinets (beginning with that of Ion I. C. Brătianu in 1922–1926), he first became noted as a collaborator of Ion G. Duca. In 1924–1936, in contrast to his post-World War II agenda, Tătărescu was a noted anti-communist, and reacted vehemently against the Romanian Communist Party (PCdR, later PCR)—recommending and obtaining its outlawing, based on Communist adversity to the concept of Greater Romania, and notably arguing that the Comintern-supported Tatarbunary Uprising was evidence of "imperialist communism".
# First cabinet.
## Context.
Tătărescu became leader of the cabinet in January 1934, as the fascist Iron Guard had assassinated Prime | 15,316 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
Minister Duca on 30 December 1933 (the five-day premiership of Constantin Anghelescu ensured transition between the two governments). His was the second PNL cabinet formed during Carol's reign, and the latter's failure to draw support from the mainstream group led to a tight connection being established between Carol and the young liberals, with Tătărescu backing the process leading to the creation of a royal dictatorship. One of Tătărescu's first measures was a decisive move to end the conflict between the National Liberal executive and the Mayor of Bucharest, Dem I. Dobrescu (who was backed by the National Peasants' Party)—making use of his prerogative, he removed Dobrescu from office on 18 | 15,317 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
January.
The brief period constituted a reference point in Romanian economy, as the emergence from the Great Depression, although marked by endemic problems, saw prosperity more widespread than ever before. This was, in part, the contribution of new economic relations which Tătărescu defended and encouraged: the state transformed itself into the main agent of economic activities, allowing for prosperous businesses to benefit from its demands, and, in time, leading to the creation of a "camarilla" dominated by the figures of industrialists such as Aristide Blank, Nicolae Malaxa, and Max Auschnitt. In this context, Tătărescu's allegedly subservient position in front of Carol was a frequent topic | 15,318 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
of ridicule at the time. According to a hostile account of the socialist Petre Pandrea:
"Tătărescu was ceremonious in order to cover his menial nature. When he was leaving audiences [with the King], he pressed forward on the small of his back and returned "facing backwards" from the desk to the door, not daring to show his back. [...] Watching over the scene [...], Carol II exclaimed to his intimate assistants: — I don't have a big enough tooshie for all the politicians to kiss!"
Among other services rendered, he intervened in the conflict between Carol and his brother, Prince Nicholas, asking the latter to renounce either his marriage to Ioana Dumitrescu-Doletti—considered a misalliance by | 15,319 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
Carol, it had not been recognized by Romanian authorities—or his princely prerogatives. Nicholas chose the latter alternative in 1937.
Inside his party, Tătărescu lost ground to Dinu Brătianu, elected by the traditional Liberal elite as a compromise in order to ensure unity; upon his election in 1934, the latter stated:
"This time as well, I would have gladly conceded, if I were to believe that anyone else in the party could gather voter unanimity."
The issue remained debated for the following two years. The party congress of July 1936 eventually elected Tătărescu to the second position in the party, that of general secretary.
## European politics.
In his foreign policy, Prime Minister | 15,320 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
Tătărescu balanced two different priorities, attempting to strengthen the traditional military alliance with Poland which was aimed at the Soviet Union, and reacting against the growing regional influence of Nazi Germany by maintaining the relevancy of the Little Entente and establishing further contacts with the Soviets.
In August 1936, he removed Nicolae Titulescu from the office of Foreign Minister, replacing him with Victor Antonescu. This caused an uproar, with most of Romania's diplomatic corps voicing their dissatisfaction. Over the following months, virtually all of Titulescu's supporters were themselves recalled (including, among others, Constantin Vișoianu, the ambassador to Poland, | 15,321 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
Constantin Antoniade, Romania's representative to the League of Nations, Dimitrie Ghyka, the ambassador to Belgium, and Caius Brediceanu, the ambassador to Austria) while Titulescu's adversaries, such as Antoine Bibesco, were returned to office. Bibesco subsequently campaigned in France and the United Kingdom, in an attempt to reassure Romania's main allies that the move did not signify a change in Romania's priorities. Tătărescu was later blamed by his own party for having renounced the diplomatic course on which Romania had engaged.
In early 1937, Tătărescu rejected the proposal of Józef Beck, Poland's Minister of Foreign Affairs, to withdraw Romania's support for Czechoslovakia and attempt | 15,322 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
a reconciliation with Hungary (the following year, Romania withdrew its support for the former, indicating, just before the Munich Agreement, that it was not in a position to guarantee Czechoslovakia's frontiers). This was accompanied by Czechoslovak initiatives to establish close contacts between the Little Entente and the Soviets: a scandal erupted in the same year, when the country's ambassador to Romania, Jan Šeba, published a volume calling for Soviet-Entente military cooperation (despite the Soviet-Romanian conflict over Bessarabia) and expressing the hope that the Soviet state would extend its borders into West Belarus and Ukraine. Kamil Krofta, Czechoslovakia's Foreign Minister, received | 15,323 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
criticism for having prefaced the book, and, after Tătărescu paid a visit to Czechoslovak Prime Minister Milan Hodža, Šeba was recalled to Prague.
## Facing the Iron Guard.
In combating the Iron Guard, Tătărescu chose to relax virtually all pressures on the latter (while mimicking some of its messages), and instead concentrated again on curbing the activities of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR) and outlawing its "Popular Front"-type organizations ("see Amicii URSS").
In April 1936, he and the Minister of the Interior Ion Inculeț allowed the a youth congress to gather in Târgu Mureș, aware of the fact that it was masking a fascist gathering; delegates to the congress, traveling in a special | 15,324 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
train commissioned by the government, vandalized Ion Duca's memorial plate in Sinaia train station, and, upon their arrival in Târgu Mureș, made public their violent anti-Semitic agenda. It was probably there that death squads were designated and assigned missions, leading to the murder of Mihai Stelescu, a former associate, in June of the next year.
In February 1937, an intense publicity campaign by the Guard, begun with the ostentatious funerals of Ion Moța and Vasile Marin (killed in the Spanish Civil War) and culminating in the physical assaulting of Traian Bratu, rector of the University of Iași, by Guardist students, provoked the premier's order to close down universities throughout the | 15,325 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
country.
Later in that year, the collaboration between monarch and premier, coupled with the fact that Tătărescu had successfully attracted nationalist votes from the Iron Guard, led to the signing of an electoral agreement between the latter, the National Peasants' Party (the main democratic opposition group), and the National Liberal Party-Brătianu—the pact was meant to prevent all attempt by Carol to manipulate the votes in elections. (A secondary and unexpected development was that the illegal PCR, which had decided to back the National Peasants' Party prior to the elections, eventually supported the electoral pact.) Tătărescu's own alliance policy rose the anger of his opponents inside | 15,326 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
the PNL, as he signed collaboration agreements with the fascist Romanian Front and German Party.
The 1937 elections led to an unprecedented situation: although the PNL and Tătărescu had gained the largest percentage of the vote (almost 36%), they fell short of being awarded majority bonus (granted at 40% of the vote). As the far right had gathered momentum (the Guard, running under the name of "Everything for the Fatherland Party", had obtained 15.6% of the vote), Carol was faced with the threat of an Iron Guard government, which would have been one deeply opposed to all of his political principles: he called on a third party, Octavian Goga's National Christian Party (coming from the anti-Semitic | 15,327 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
far right but deeply opposed to the Guard) to form a new cabinet in December of that year.
Consequently, Tătărescu renounced his offices inside the party, and, while keeping his office of general secretary, he was surpassed by the readmitted Gheorghe I. Brătianu — who was elected to the new office of PNL vice president on 10 January 1938. After the failure of Goga's policies to curb the rise of their competitors, the king, backed by Tătărescu, resorted to dissolving all political parties on 30 May 1938, creating instead the National Renaissance Front.
## Rearmament.
As Prime Minister, Tătărescu showed particular concern for the modernization of the Romanian Armed Forces. Almost immediately | 15,328 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
after becoming Prime Minister, he established the Ministry of Armaments, chaired by himself. This ministry lasted for over three years before being dissolved on 23 February 1937, during his third cabinet.
Under Tătărăscu's premiership, Romania launched a ten-year rearmament program on 27 April 1935. Under this program, Romania acquired 248 Škoda 100 mm howitzers (delivered in the mid-1930s) and 180 Škoda 150 mm howitzers (delivered between 1936 and 1939). In 1936, Romania ordered 126 LT vz 35 tanks and 35 AH-IV tankettes. These acquisitions from Czechoslovakia were followed in 1937 by 12 Focke-Wulf Fw 58 aircraft, ordered from Germany and delivered between April and June that same year. Romania | 15,329 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
employed German technicians to build a shipyard at Galați using materials supplied by the Reșița works. There, two submarines would be built between 1938 and 1943, among others ("Marsuinul" and "Rechinul"). The resumed and much improved trade relations with Škoda, following the disastrous "Škoda Affair" of the early 1930s, were credited to the energy and ability of Tătărăscu, "the soldier-politician who reversed the usual order in Romanian politics by placing the welfare of the country superior to the lust for graft". It is worth noting, however, that of the 35 tankettes and 126 tanks ordered during Tătărescu's premiership, only 10 of the former and 15 of the latter actually arrived in Romania | 15,330 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
before the end of his mandate at the end of 1937. Both of these orders were delivered in full during late 1938 and early 1939, respectively. In 1936, Romania also started producing the Polish PZL P.11 fighter aircraft, of which 95 were ultimately built by IAR. In 1937, Romanian production of the improved PZL P.24 also commenced, with 25 fighters being built until 1939.
# Second cabinet.
In this context, Tătărescu chose to back the regime, as the PNL, like the National Peasants' Party, remained active in nominal clandestinity (as the law banning it had never been enforced any further). Having personally signed the document banning opposition parties, he was expelled from the PNL in April 1938, | 15,331 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
and contested the legitimacy of the action for the following years. Allegedly, his ousting was recommended by Iuliu Maniu, leader of the National Peasants' Party's and, for the following years, the closest of Dinu Brătianu's political allies.
Soon after his second arrival to power, Tătărescu became noted for the enthusiastic support he gave to the modernist sculptor Constantin Brâncuși, and directed state funds to finance the building of Brâncuși's "The Endless Column" complex in Târgu Jiu (completed in October 1938).
Alongside Alexandru Vaida-Voevod and Constantin Argetoianu (whom he succeeded as Premier), Tătărescu became a dominant figure in the group of maverick pro-Carol politicians. | 15,332 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
After a bloody crackdown on the Iron Guard, the Front attempted to reunite political forces in a national government that was to back Carol's foreign policies in view of increasing threats on Romania's borders after the outbreak of World War II. In 1945, Tătărescu stressed his belief that authoritarianism benefited Romania, and supported the view that Carol had meant to keep Romania out of the war. Tătărescu's second cabinet was meant to reflect the latter policies, but it did not draw any support from traditional parties, and, in April 1940, Carol, assisted by Ernest Urdăreanu and Mihail Ghelmegeanu, began talks with the (by then much weaker) Iron Guard.
Tătărescu remained in office throughout | 15,333 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
the rest of the Phony War, until the fall of France, and his cabinet signed an economic agreement with Nazi Germany (through which virtually all Romanian exports were directed towards the latter country) and saw the crumbling of Romania's alliance with the United Kingdom and France. The cabinet was brought down by the cession of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union (effects of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact), as well as by Carol's attempt to appease German hostility by dissolving it, replacing Tătărescu with Ion Gigurtu, and recreating the Front as the totalitarian "Party of the Nation".
# World War.
After the Second Vienna Award (when Northern Transylvania was lost to Hungary), | 15,334 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
confirming Carol's failure to preserve both the country's neutrality and its territorial integrity, Romania was taken over by an Iron Guard dictatorial government (the National Legionary State). Speaking five years later, Dinu Brătianu placed the blame for the serious developments on Tătărescu's own actions, addressing him directly:
"I remind you: [...] you have contributed directly, in 1940, in steering the country towards a foreign policy that, as one could tell even then, was to prove ill-fated and which led us to the loathsome Vienna settlement, one which you have supported inside the Crown Council [...]."
On 26 November 1940, the Iron Guard began a bloody retaliation against various political | 15,335 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
figures who had served under Carol (following a late investigation into the 1938 killing of Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, the movement's founder and early leader, by Carol's authorities). Tătărescu and Constantin Argetoianu were among the second wave of captured politicians (on 27 November), and were destined for arbitrary execution; they were, however, saved by the intervention of regular police forces, most of whom had grown hostile to the Guardist militias.
Retired from political life during the war, he was initially sympathetic to Ion Antonescu's pro-German dictatorship ("see Romania during World War II")—Dinu Brătianu, who remained in opposition to the Antonescu regime, made mention an official | 15,336 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
visit to Bessarabia, recovered after the start of Operation Barbarossa, when Tătărescu had accompanied Antonescu, "thus making common cause with his warmongering action". At the time, his daughter Sandra Tătărescu Negropontes worked as an ambulance driver for the Romanian Red Cross.
In the end, Tătărescu became involved in negotiations aimed at withdrawing Romania from the conflict, and, while beginning talks with the Romanian Communist Party (PCR), tried to build foreign connections to support Romania's cause following the inevitable defeat; he thus corresponded with Edvard Beneš, leader of the Czechoslovak government in exile in England. Beneš, who had already been discussing matters involving | 15,337 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
Romania with Richard Franasovici and Grigore Gafencu, and had agreed to support the Romanian cause, informed the Allied governments of Tătărescu's designs.
Tătărescu later contrasted his diplomatic approach with the strategy of Barbu Știrbey (who had only attempted an agreement with the Western Allies in Cairo, instead of opening relations with the Soviets). Initially meeting with the refusal of Iuliu Maniu and Dinu Brătianu (who decided to invest their trust in Știrbey), he was relatively successful after the Cairo initiative proved fruitless: the two traditional parties accepted collaboration with the bloc formed by the PCR, the Romanian Social Democratic Party, the Ploughmen's Front, and | 15,338 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
the Socialist Peasants' Party, leading to the formation of the short-lived and unstable "National Democratic Bloc" (BND) in June 1944. It overthrew Antonescu in August, by means of the successful King Michael Coup.
# Alliance with the Communists.
Tătărescu returned to the PNL later in 1944—after the Soviet Red Army had entered Romania and the country had become an Allied state, political parties were again allowed to register. Nevertheless, Tătărescu was again opposed to the party leaders Dinu and Gheorghe I. Brătianu, and split to form his own group in June–July 1945. Dinu Brătianu convened the PNL leadership and formally excluded Tătărescu and his partisans, citing their support for dictatorial | 15,339 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
regimes.
As the PCR, which was growing more influential (with the backing of Soviet occupation) while generally lacking popular appeal, sought to form alliances with various forces in order to increase its backing, Tătărescu declared his group to be left-wing and Social liberal, while attempting to preserve a middle course in the new political setting, by pleading for close relations to be maintained with both the Soviet Union and the Western Allies. N. D. Cocea, a prominent socialist who had joined the PNL, represented the faction in talks for an alliance with the Communists. The agreement, favored by Ana Pauker, was vehemently opposed by another member of the Communist leadership, Lucrețiu | 15,340 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
Pătrășcanu, who argued in favor of "making a distinction inside the bourgeoisie", and collaborating with the main PNL, while calling Tătărescu's faction "a gang of con artists, blackmailers, and well-known bribers".
Tătărescu became Foreign Minister and vice president of the government in the cabinet of Petru Groza when the latter came into office after Soviet pressures in 1945; his faction had been awarded leadership of four other ministries—Finance, with three successive office-holders (of whom the last was Alexandru Alexandrini), Public Works, with Gheorghe Vântu, Industry (with Petre N. Bejan), and Religious Affairs, with Radu Roșculeț. He indirectly helped the PCR carry out an electoral | 15,341 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
fraud during the general election in 1946 by failing to reply to American proposals for organizing fair elections. At the Paris Conference, where he was accompanied by the PCR leaders Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej and Pătrășcanu, he acknowledged the dissolution of "Greater Romania" under the provisions of the new Treaty (1947).
# 1947 and after.
Tensions between his group with the PCR occurred when the former founded itself as a party under the name of "National-Liberal Party" (commonly known as the National Liberal Party-Tătărescu), and, in June–July 1945, proclaimed its goal to be the preservation of property and a middle class under a new regime. Of himself and his principles, Tătărescu stated:
"I | 15,342 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
am not a communist. Taking in view my attitudes towards mankind, society, property, I am not a communist. Thus, the new orientation in external politics which I demand for my country cannot be accused of being determined by affinities or sympathies of doctrine."
Speaking in retrospect, Gheorghiu-Dej indicated the actual relation between his party and Tătărescu's: "we have had to tolerate by our side a capitalist-gentry political group, Tătărescu's group".
Tătărescu himself continued to show his support for several PCR policies: in the summer of 1947, he condemned the United States for having protested against the repression of forces in the opposition. Nevertheless, at around the same time, | 15,343 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
he issued his own critique of the Groza government, becoming the target of violent attacks initiated by Miron Constantinescu in the PCR press. Consequently, he was singled out for negligence in office when, during the kangaroo trial of Iuliu Maniu ("see Tămădău Affair"), it was alleged that several employees of his ministry had conspired against the government. "Scînteia", the official voice of the PCR, wrote of all National Liberal Party-Tătărescu offices in the government: "The rot is all-encompassing! It has to be removed!".
Tătărescu resigned his office on 6 November 1947, and was replaced by the Communist Ana Pauker. For the following two months, he was sidelined in his own party by PCR | 15,344 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
pressures, and removed from its leadership in January 1948 (being replaced with Petre N. Bejan—the party was subsequently known as "National Liberal Party-Petre N. Bejan"). One of his last actions as cabinet member had been to sign the document officially rejecting the Marshall Plan.
After the proclamation of the "People's Republic of Romania" on 30 December 1947, the existence of all parties other than the PCR had become purely formal, and, after the elections of 28 March the one-party state was confirmed by legislation. He was arrested on 5 May 1950, and held in the notorious Sighet prison (alongside three of his brothers—Ștefan Tătărescu included—and his former collaborator Bejan). His son | 15,345 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
Tudor, who was living in Paris, suffered from schizophrenia after 1950, and had to be committed to an institution (where he died in 1955). Sandra Tătărescu Negropontes was also imprisoned in 1950, and released three years later, upon the death of Joseph Stalin.
One of Gheorghe Tătărescu's last appearances in public was his stand as one of the prosecution's witnesses in the 1954 trial of Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu, when he claimed that the defendant had been infiltrated into the PCR during the time when he had been premier (Pătrășcanu was posthumously cleared of all charges). Released in 1955, Tătărescu died in Bucharest, less than two years later. According to Sanda Tătărescu Negropontes, this came | 15,346 |
1215122 | Gheorghe Tătărescu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe%20Tătărescu | Gheorghe Tătărescu
after 1950, and had to be committed to an institution (where he died in 1955). Sandra Tătărescu Negropontes was also imprisoned in 1950, and released three years later, upon the death of Joseph Stalin.
One of Gheorghe Tătărescu's last appearances in public was his stand as one of the prosecution's witnesses in the 1954 trial of Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu, when he claimed that the defendant had been infiltrated into the PCR during the time when he had been premier (Pătrășcanu was posthumously cleared of all charges). Released in 1955, Tătărescu died in Bucharest, less than two years later. According to Sanda Tătărescu Negropontes, this came as a result of tuberculosis contracted while in detention. | 15,347 |
1215238 | Peter Trudgill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter%20Trudgill | Peter Trudgill
Peter Trudgill
Peter Trudgill, FBA (; born 7 November 1943) is a sociolinguist, academic and author. He was born in Norwich, England, where he attended the City of Norwich School from 1955. Trudgill studied modern languages at King's College, Cambridge and obtained a PhD from the University of Edinburgh in 1971. Before becoming professor of sociolinguistics at the University of Essex he taught in the Department of linguistic Science at the University of Reading from 1970 to 1986. He was professor of English language and linguistics at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, from 1993 to 1998, and then at the University of Fribourg, also in Switzerland, from which he retired in September 2005, | 15,348 |
1215238 | Peter Trudgill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter%20Trudgill | Peter Trudgill
and where he is now Professor Emeritus of English Linguistics.
He is Honorary Professor of Sociolinguistics at the University of East Anglia, in Norwich, England. On June 2, 1995 he received an honorary doctorate from the Faculty of Humanities at Uppsala University, Sweden.. He also has honorary doctorates from UEA; La Trobe University, Melbourne; and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
He has carried out linguistic fieldwork in Britain, Greece and Norway, and has lectured in most European countries, Canada, the United States, Colombia, Australia, New Zealand, India, Thailand, Hong Kong, Fiji, Malawi and Japan. Peter Trudgill is the honorary president of the Friends of Norfolk Dialect | 15,349 |
1215238 | Peter Trudgill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter%20Trudgill | Peter Trudgill
society, and contributes a regular column on language and languages in Europe to the New European newspaper.
Trudgill is a well-known authority on dialects, as well as being one of the first to apply Labovian sociolinguistic methodology in the UK, and to provide a framework for studying dialect contact phenomena.
Trudgill is also the author of Chapter 1 ("The Meanings of Words Should Not be Allowed to Vary or Change") of the popular linguistics book "Language Myths" that he co-edited.
He is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, and a Fellow of the British Academy.
Since February 2017, Trudgill has written occasional columns relating to European languages in the weekly | 15,350 |
1215238 | Peter Trudgill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter%20Trudgill | Peter Trudgill
newspaper The New European. At the end of 2017, he has signed the Declaration on the Common Language of the Croats, Serbs, Bosniaks and Montenegrins.
# Bibliography.
His works include:
- 1974 "The Social Differentiation of English in Norwich" (based on his Ph.D. thesis)
- 1976 "Introduction to Sociolinguistics"
- 1975 "Accent, Dialect and the School"
- 1979 "English Accents and Dialects" (with Arthur Hughes)
- 1980 "Dialectology" (with J. K. Chambers)
- 1982 "International English" (with Jean Hannah)
- 1982 "Coping With America" (Blackwell, 2nd edition 1986)
- 1983 "On Dialect: Social and Geographical Perspectives"
- 1984 "Language in the British Isles"
- 1984 "Applied Sociolinguistics"
- | 15,351 |
1215238 | Peter Trudgill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter%20Trudgill | Peter Trudgill
1986 "Dialects in Contact"
- 1990 "The Dialects of England"
- 1990 "Bad Language" (with Lars Andersson)
- 1992 "Introducing Language and Society"
- 1998 "Language Myths" (with Laurie Bauer)
- 2001 "Alternative Histories of English" (with Richard J. Watts)
- 2002 "Sociolinguistic Variation and Change"
- 2003 "A Glossary of Sociolinguistics"
- 2003 "Norfolk Origins 7: The Norfolk Dialect"
- 2004 "New-Dialect Formation: The Inevitability of Colonial Englishes"
- 2004 "New Zealand English: Its Origins and Evolution" (with et al. Elizabeth Gordon, Lyle Campbell, Margaret Maclagan, Andrea Sudbury, Jennifer Hay)
- 2010 "The Lesser-Known Varieties of English: An Introduction" (with Daniel | 15,352 |
1215238 | Peter Trudgill | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter%20Trudgill | Peter Trudgill
ossary of Sociolinguistics"
- 2003 "Norfolk Origins 7: The Norfolk Dialect"
- 2004 "New-Dialect Formation: The Inevitability of Colonial Englishes"
- 2004 "New Zealand English: Its Origins and Evolution" (with et al. Elizabeth Gordon, Lyle Campbell, Margaret Maclagan, Andrea Sudbury, Jennifer Hay)
- 2010 "The Lesser-Known Varieties of English: An Introduction" (with Daniel Schreier, Edgar W. Schneider)
- 2011 "Sociolinguistic Typology: Social Determinants of Linguistic Complexity" Oxford University Press
- 2016 "Dialect matters: respecting vernacular language." Cambridge University Press
- 2018 "Norwegian as a normal language and other studies in Scandinavian linguistics." Novus: Oslo | 15,353 |
1215235 | Frank Partridge (soldier) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frank%20Partridge%20(soldier) | Frank Partridge (soldier)
Frank Partridge (soldier)
Frank John Partridge, VC (29 November 192423 March 1964) was an Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest decoration for gallantry "in the face of the enemy" awarded to members of the British and Commonwealth armed forces. He was decorated for his actions on Bougainville in July 1945, when he attacked two Japanese bunkers despite severe wounds. Partridge was the last and, at 20 years of age, the youngest Australian awarded the Victoria Cross in World War II. He later became a farmer and a television quiz champion, and unsuccessfully ran for political office shortly before his death in a car accident.
# Early life.
Frank John Partridge was born at Grafton, | 15,354 |
1215235 | Frank Partridge (soldier) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frank%20Partridge%20(soldier) | Frank Partridge (soldier)
New South Wales, on 29 November 1924, to farmer Patrick James Partridge and his English-born wife Mary (née Saggs). The youth was educated at Tewinga Public School until he left at 13 to work on the family's dairy and banana farm at Upper Newee Creek, near Macksville.
# World War II.
In December 1942, during World War II, Partridge was conscripted by the Australian Army. He served as a private in the 8th Battalion, a Militia unit formed in Victoria. In May 1944, the 8th Battalion was posted to New Guinea.
In June 1945, the 8th Battalion was transferred to the Bougainville campaign, where it operated to contain Japanese forces on the Bonis Peninsula. It was here that Partridge performed a | 15,355 |
1215235 | Frank Partridge (soldier) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frank%20Partridge%20(soldier) | Frank Partridge (soldier)
deed for which he received the Victoria Cross (VC), the highest award for gallantry that could be awarded to British Commonwealth forces.
On 24 July, in one of the last actions of the campaign on Bougainville, two platoons of the 8th Battalion attacked a Japanese post, Base 5, near Ratsua. Partridge's section came under heavy machine-gun fire and suffered severe casualties, including a Bren gunner who was killed. Although wounded in the arm and leg, Partridge retrieved the Bren gun and began shooting at the nearest bunker while under fire himself. He then rushed forward armed with a grenade and a knife, silenced the Japanese machine-gun with his grenade, and killed the only living occupant | 15,356 |
1215235 | Frank Partridge (soldier) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frank%20Partridge%20(soldier) | Frank Partridge (soldier)
of the bunker with his knife. Partridge attacked the second until loss of blood compelled him to halt. Later he re-joined the fight and remained in action while the platoon withdrew.
Partridge was the last and the youngest Australian to be awarded the Victoria Cross in World War II. He was also the first Australian Militiaman to receive the award.
# Later life.
Discharged from the army in October 1946, Partridge returned to the family farm. He lived with his father in a dirt-floored farmhouse, and in his spare time devoted himself to self-education, reading "Encyclopædia Britannica" by the light of a kerosene lamp. He had an extraordinarily retentive memory and in 1962–63 he appeared as a | 15,357 |
1215235 | Frank Partridge (soldier) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frank%20Partridge%20(soldier) | Frank Partridge (soldier)
contestant on the television quiz show, "Pick a Box", compered by Bob Dyer, alongside contestants such as Barry Jones. His laconic manner appealed strongly to viewers. Partridge was one of only three contestants to win all forty boxes and his prizes were valued at more than £12,000 (in excess of A$250,000 in present-day terms).
He married Barbara Dunlop, a 31-year-old nurse from Turramurra in Sydney, in February 1963. The wedding received extensive media coverage. She remained in Sydney while Partridge built a new house at the farm. He drove to Sydney every weekend to see her. Later in 1963, Partridge sought Country Party pre-selection for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Cowper. | 15,358 |
1215235 | Frank Partridge (soldier) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frank%20Partridge%20(soldier) | Frank Partridge (soldier)
ned in Sydney while Partridge built a new house at the farm. He drove to Sydney every weekend to see her. Later in 1963, Partridge sought Country Party pre-selection for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Cowper. His political views were widely regarded as extreme, and he was not selected. To supplement the income from his farm, Partridge also sold life insurance.
Partridge was killed in a car accident in 1964, and was buried with full military honours in Macksville Cemetery. His wife and three-month-old son survived him.
In 1989 a primary school at Nambucca Heads was named the Frank Partridge VC Public School.
# External links.
- Photograph ID 043599 Australian War Memorial | 15,359 |
1215240 | James Duffy (VC) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Duffy%20(VC) | James Duffy (VC)
James Duffy (VC)
James Duffy (17 November 1889 – 8 April 1969) () was a British Army soldier during the First World War, and an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Duffy was born on 17 November 1889 in Gweedore ("Gaoth Dobhair"), County Donegal, Ireland.
He was 28 years old, and a private in the 6th Battalion, The Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.
On 27 December 1917 at Kereina Peak, Palestine, whilst the company was holding a very exposed position, Private | 15,360 |
1215240 | James Duffy (VC) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Duffy%20(VC) | James Duffy (VC)
Duffy, a stretcher-bearer, and another stretcher-bearer went out to bring in a seriously wounded comrade. When the other stretcher-bearer was wounded, Private Duffy returned to get another man, who was killed almost immediately. The private then went forward alone and, under very heavy fire, succeeded in getting both wounded men under cover and attended to their injuries. His gallantry undoubtedly saved both men's lives.
# Death and legacy.
He died in Drumany, Letterkenny on 7 April 1969 and was buried at Conwal Cemetery. His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Inniskilling Museum in Enniskillen Castle, Northern Ireland.
A stone bench was unveiled in Letterkenny Town Park on 10 July 2007 to | 15,361 |
1215240 | James Duffy (VC) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Duffy%20(VC) | James Duffy (VC)
ery. His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Inniskilling Museum in Enniskillen Castle, Northern Ireland.
A stone bench was unveiled in Letterkenny Town Park on 10 July 2007 to honour the war veteran. His daughter Nelly was present when former Letterkenny Mayor Ciaran Brogan unveiled the bench in one of his final duties.
# References.
Listed in order of publication year
- "The Register of the Victoria Cross" (1981, 1988 and 1997)
- "Ireland's VCs" (Dept of Economic Development, 1995)
- "Monuments to Courage" (David Harvey, 1999)
- "Irish Winners of the Victoria Cross" (Richard Doherty & David Truesdale, 2000)
# External links.
- Location of grave and VC medal "(Co. Donegal, Ireland)" | 15,362 |
1215239 | Nantou City | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nantou%20City | Nantou City
Nantou City
Nantou City (Mandarin Pīnyīn: "Nántóu Shì"; Hokkien POJ: "Lâm-tâu-chhī") is a county-administered city located in the northwest of Nantou County, Taiwan. It lies between the Bagua Mountains and the Maoluo River and is the county seat of Nantou County. Freeway No. 3 serves Nantou City. Its name is a transliteration of the Hoanya word "Ramtau" with its first character (; "south") chosen to complement that of Beitou's (; "north"), a district in Taipei, even though there is no relation between the aboriginal names.
# History.
## Qing Dynasty.
The Han Chinese began arriving in the area during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor of Qing Dynasty. Members of the Zhang clan from Zhangzhou | 15,363 |
1215239 | Nantou City | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nantou%20City | Nantou City
as well as the Jian (), Lin and Xiao clans from Nanjing County in Zhangzhou were among the early settlers. A yamen was established in 1759 near the present Nantou Elementary School. In 1898, Nantou Commandery was organized.
## Empire of Japan.
In 1901, during Japanese rule, was one of twenty local administrative offices established. In 1909, part of was merged into Nanto Chō. In 1920, Nantō Town was governed under Nantō District, Taichū Prefecture.
## Republic of China.
After handover to the Republic of China, Nantou County was organized out of Taichung County in 1950, and, in October of the same year, Nantou Township was organized with the county government seated in it. On 1 July 1957, | 15,364 |
1215239 | Nantou City | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nantou%20City | Nantou City
the Taiwan provincial government moved to Zhongxing New Village, making Nantou the location of the provincial government. On 25 December 1981, Nantou became a county-controlled city from the previous urban township. Due to its location along the Chelungpu Fault, Nantou was strongly affected by the 1999 921 earthquake: 92 people died and over 1,000 buildings were damaged
# Administrative divisions.
Longquan, Kangshou, Sanmin, Renhe, Nantou, Zhangren, Chongwen, Sanxing, Sanhe, Jiaxing, Jiahe, Pinghe, Zhenxing, Qianqiu, Jungong, Tungshan, Yingnan, Yingbei, Neixing, Neixin, Guanghui, Guangrong, Guangming, Guanghua, Zhangxing, Zhanghe, Pingshan, Xinxing, Yongfeng, Fuxing, Fengshan, Yongxing, Fengming | 15,365 |
1215239 | Nantou City | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nantou%20City | Nantou City
gshan, Yingnan, Yingbei, Neixing, Neixin, Guanghui, Guangrong, Guangming, Guanghua, Zhangxing, Zhanghe, Pingshan, Xinxing, Yongfeng, Fuxing, Fengshan, Yongxing, Fengming and Fushan Village.
# Government institutions.
- Taiwan Provincial Government
- Nantou County Government
- Nantou County Council
# Tourist attractions.
- Jufang Hall
- Nantou County Culture Park
# Transportation.
Bus stations in the city is Nantou Bus Station of Changhua Bus.
# Notable natives.
- Chang Chun-hung, member of Legislative Yuan (1993-2005)
- Hsu Shu-hua, Mayor of Nantou City (2006-2014)
- Hung Jui-chen, tennis player
- Sonia Sui, model and actress
# External links.
- Nantou City Government Website | 15,366 |
1215246 | Namdeo Jadav | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namdeo%20Jadav | Namdeo Jadav
Namdeo Jadav
Namdeo Jadav VC (18 November 1921 – 2 August 1984) was an Indian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
# Details.
Jadav was 23 years old, and a Sepoy in the 1st Battalion, 5th Mahratta Light Infantry in the Indian Army during World War II when the following deed took place during the Spring 1945 offensive in Italy for which he was awarded the VC.
On 9 April 1945 at the Senio River, Italy, when a small party were almost wiped out in an assault on the east floodbank of the river, Sepoy Namdeo Jadav carried two wounded men under heavy fire through deep | 15,367 |
1215246 | Namdeo Jadav | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namdeo%20Jadav | Namdeo Jadav
water, up a steep bank and through a mine belt to safety. Then, determined to avenge his dead comrades, he eliminated three enemy machine-gun posts. Finally, climbing on top of the bank he shouted the Maratha war cry and waved the remaining companies across. He not only saved many lives but enabled the battalion to secure the bridgehead and ultimately to crush all enemy resistance in the area.
# Further information.
He later reached the rank of havildar. On 9 April 2017 the Mayor of Lugo di Romagna Davide Ranalli unveiled a Memorial dedicated to VC Namdeo Jadhao upon the Senio River eastern bank in the vicinity of San Potito. The ceremony was attended by Brigadier Yogi Sheoran, Defence Wing | 15,368 |
1215246 | Namdeo Jadav | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namdeo%20Jadav | Namdeo Jadav
avenge his dead comrades, he eliminated three enemy machine-gun posts. Finally, climbing on top of the bank he shouted the Maratha war cry and waved the remaining companies across. He not only saved many lives but enabled the battalion to secure the bridgehead and ultimately to crush all enemy resistance in the area.
# Further information.
He later reached the rank of havildar. On 9 April 2017 the Mayor of Lugo di Romagna Davide Ranalli unveiled a Memorial dedicated to VC Namdeo Jadhao upon the Senio River eastern bank in the vicinity of San Potito. The ceremony was attended by Brigadier Yogi Sheoran, Defence Wing Attaché of the Indian Embassy in Rome.
# External links.
- Burial location | 15,369 |
1215243 | Jack Mackey | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack%20Mackey | Jack Mackey
Jack Mackey
John Bernard "Jack" Mackey, VC (16 May 1922 – 12 May 1945) was an Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British Commonwealth forces. Mackey was one of twenty Australians to receive the award for actions during the Second World War, receiving his award posthumously for leading an attack on against a strongly defended Japanese position during the Battle of Tarakan in May 1945. He was 22 and serving as a corporal in the 2/3rd Pioneer Battalion at the time of his death.
# Early life.
Born in Leichhardt, New South Wales, Mackey was the only son and the eldest of four children of Stanislaus Mackey, | 15,370 |
1215243 | Jack Mackey | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack%20Mackey | Jack Mackey
a baker, and his wife Bridget Catherine Smyth Mackey. After attending St. Columba's School in Leichhardt and the Christian Brothers' High School in Lewisham, New South Wales, the Mackey family moved to Portland, New South Wales, in 1936, where his father operated a bakery. Mackey finished his schooling at the age of 14 and began working for his father. However, he did not enjoy the work and his relationship with his father deteriorated.
# Second World War.
On 5 June 1940, Mackey enlisted in the Second Australian Imperial Force, falsifying his age to do so. After training, he was posted to the 2/3rd Pioneer Battalion and left with the unit in November 1941 for service in North Africa. He participated | 15,371 |
1215243 | Jack Mackey | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack%20Mackey | Jack Mackey
in the Syrian Campaign against the Vichy French and in the Second Battle of El Alamein.
The Japanese threat to Australia grew as they advanced through the Pacific in 1942. In response, the Australian government requested the withdrawal of Australian units back to their home country, and Mackey's battalion returned in February 1943. It served in Papua New Guinea from August 1943 to March 1944, during which time Mackey was promoted to the rank of corporal. While in Papua, he suffered several bouts of malaria. After a period of rest and reorganisation in Australia, the battalion returned to the Southwest Pacific theatre of operations in April 1945 when they were committed to the Borneo Campaign.
On | 15,372 |
1215243 | Jack Mackey | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack%20Mackey | Jack Mackey
1 May 1945, Mackey's battalion, as part of 26th Brigade Group, landed at Lingkas Beach on Tarakan Island, off North Borneo. The island's airfield was to be captured to allow its use in operations against Borneo. Advancing inland along the Aman River, the battalion were held up by Japanese defending a stronghold known as Helen. On 12 May 1945, Mackey's company was to continue an attack that had begun three days previously and it was during this action that he earned the Victoria Cross (VC). The citation for his VC read:
The Japanese continued to hold off the attacking pioneers for a further two days before Helen was bombed with napalm, forcing them to abandon the position. Originally buried | 15,373 |
1215243 | Jack Mackey | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack%20Mackey | Jack Mackey
g a stronghold known as Helen. On 12 May 1945, Mackey's company was to continue an attack that had begun three days previously and it was during this action that he earned the Victoria Cross (VC). The citation for his VC read:
The Japanese continued to hold off the attacking pioneers for a further two days before Helen was bombed with napalm, forcing them to abandon the position. Originally buried where he was killed, after the war Mackey was interred at Labuan War Cemetery. Mackey's VC was presented to his sister, Patricia, and was later donated to the Australian War Memorial, where it is now on display in the Hall of Valour.
# External links.
- John Mackey at the Australian War Memorial | 15,374 |
1215229 | James Joseph Magennis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Joseph%20Magennis | James Joseph Magennis
James Joseph Magennis
James Joseph Magennis VC (spelling originally McGinnes) (27 October 1919 – 12 February 1986) was a Belfast-born recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He was the only native of Northern Ireland to receive the Victoria Cross for Second World War service. Magennis was part of several operations involving X-Craft midget submarines in attacks on Axis ships. In July 1945 Magennis was serving on HMS "XE3" during Operation "Struggle". During an attack on the Japanese cruiser "Takao" in Singapore, Magennis showed extraordinary valour and bravery by leaving | 15,375 |
1215229 | James Joseph Magennis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Joseph%20Magennis | James Joseph Magennis
the submarine for a second time in order to free some explosive charges that had got caught. His commanding officer Lieutenant Ian Fraser was also awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions on 31 July 1945 during the operation.
# Early career.
James McGinnes was born on 27 October 1919 at Majorca Street, West Belfast, Ireland. He was from a working class Roman Catholic family and attended St Finian's Primary School on the Falls Road, Belfast until 3 June 1935 when enlisted in the Royal Navy as a boy seaman (spelling his surname Magennis). He served on several different warships between 1935 and 1942, when he joined the submarine branch. Before joining the submarine branch, Magennis served | 15,376 |
1215229 | James Joseph Magennis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Joseph%20Magennis | James Joseph Magennis
on the destroyer "Kandahar" which was mined off Tripoli, Libya, in December 1941 whilst Magennis was on board. The ship was irreparably damaged and was scuttled the following day. In December 1942, Magennis was drafted into the Submarine service and in March 1943 he volunteered for "special and Hazardous duties" — which meant Midget submarines, or X-craft. He trained as a diver, and in September 1943 took part in the first major use of the X-craft during Operation Source. Two submarines, HMS "X7" and HMS "X6", penetrated Kåfjord, Norway, and disabled the German battleship "Tirpitz". For his part in the attack Magennis was mentioned in dispatches "[f]or bravery and devotion to duty" in 1943.
# | 15,377 |
1215229 | James Joseph Magennis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Joseph%20Magennis | James Joseph Magennis
Operation Struggle.
In July 1945 Acting Leading Seaman Magennis was serving as the diver on the midget submarine HMS "XE3" under the command of Lieutenant Ian Fraser. They were tasked with sinking the 10,000 ton Japanese cruiser "Takao", the first of the "Takao" Class. She was berthed in the Straits of Johor, Singapore acting as an Anti-aircraft battery. The codename for the operation was Operation "Struggle".
On 30 July 1945 the "XE3" was towed to the area by the submarine "Stygian". She slipped her tow at 23:00 for the forty-mile journey through hazardous wrecks, minefields and listening posts to reach the "Takao." After arriving at the "Takao" at 13:00 on 31 July 1945. Magennis slipped | 15,378 |
1215229 | James Joseph Magennis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Joseph%20Magennis | James Joseph Magennis
out of the wet-and-dry chamber and he attached limpet mines to the Japanese cruiser "Takao" under particularly difficult circumstances. He had to chip away at barnacles on the bottom of the cruiser for 30 minutes before being able to attach the limpets. During this time his breathing apparatus was leaking and he returned to the submarine after completion of his task very exhausted. On withdrawing, Lieutenant Ian Fraser found that one of the limpet carriers which was being jettisoned would not release itself. Magennis immediately volunteered to free it commenting: "I'll be all right as soon as I've got my wind, Sir". This he did, after seven minutes of nerve-racking work with a heavy spanner. | 15,379 |
1215229 | James Joseph Magennis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Joseph%20Magennis | James Joseph Magennis
On completion Magennis returned to "XE3" for the second time, allowing the four man midget submarine to make its escape out to open sea to meet the waiting "Stygian".
## Award of the Victoria Cross.
The citation was published in a supplement to the "London Gazette" of 9 November 1945 (dated 13 November 1945) and read:
Lieutenant Fraser was also awarded the VC for his part in the attack; whilst Sub-Lieutenant William James Lanyon Smith, RNZNVR, who was at the controls of "XE3" during the attack, received the Distinguished Service Order (DSO); Engine Room Artificer Third Class Charles Alfred Reed, who was at the wheel, received the Conspicuous Gallantry Medal (CGM). HMS "XE1" was supposed to | 15,380 |
1215229 | James Joseph Magennis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Joseph%20Magennis | James Joseph Magennis
be attacking another Japanese vessel as part of the same operation, but actually ended up also placing its explosives under the same target. "XE1"'s C/O, Lieutenant John Elliott Smart RNVR, and Sub-Lieutenant Harold Edwin Harper, RNVR received the DSC; and ERA Fourth Class Henry James Fishleigh and Leading Seaman Walter Henry Arthur Pomeroy received the Distinguished Service Medal. ERA Fourth Class Albert Nairn, Acting Leading Stoker Jack Gordan Robinson, and Able Seaman Ernest Raymond Dee were Mentioned in Despatches for their part in bringing the two midget submarines from harbour to the point where the crews that took part in the attack took over.
# Later life.
Magennis was the only Victoria | 15,381 |
1215229 | James Joseph Magennis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Joseph%20Magennis | James Joseph Magennis
Cross winner of the Second World War to hail from Northern Ireland. As a result, Magennis obtained something of a "celebrity status" in his home city. The citizens of Belfast raised more than £3,000 as part of a "Shilling Fund." The City Fathers of Belfast refused to give Magennis the freedom of the City though. Sources differ as to the reasoning behind this; some claim it was due to religious divisions, others claim it was due to the City Fathers not "...believing that such an honour could not be bestowed on a working-class Catholic from the inner-city slums." In 1946 Magennis married Edna Skidmore, with whom he had four sons. The money from the Shilling Fund was spent quickly by Magennis and | 15,382 |
1215229 | James Joseph Magennis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Joseph%20Magennis | James Joseph Magennis
his wife; she remarked: "We are simple people... forced into the limelight. We lived beyond our means because it seemed the right thing to do." In 1949 he left the Navy and returned to Belfast, where, at some point, he sold his Victoria Cross . In 1955 he moved to Yorkshire, where he worked as an electrician. For the last years of his life, he suffered from chronic ill health, before dying on 11 February 1986 of lung cancer hours before his heroism was honoured by the Royal Navy Philatelic Office with a first-day cover.
# Memorials.
Magennis has had several memorials erected in his honour. When Magennis first won the VC, he was treated rather shabbily by the Unionist-dominated Belfast City | 15,383 |
1215229 | James Joseph Magennis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Joseph%20Magennis | James Joseph Magennis
Council because he was from a working class Roman Catholic family. Although the public collected £3,600 in appreciation of his heroism, the council refused to give him the freedom of the city. The only official recognition was a small photograph tucked away in the robing room of the council chamber. The first memorial was only erected in 1999 after a long campaign by his biographer George Fleming and Major S.H. Pollock CD (Canada). The memorial, a bronze and stone statue, was officially unveiled in Belfast on 8 October 1999. The ceremony was conducted in the grounds of Belfast City Hall in the presence of Magennis's son Paul, by the Lord Mayor of Belfast, Bob Stoker. Magennis's former commanding | 15,384 |
1215229 | James Joseph Magennis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Joseph%20Magennis | James Joseph Magennis
officer, Ian Fraser, was reported as saying: "Jim gave me bother from time to time. He liked his tot of rum, but he was a lovely man and a fine diver. I have never met a braver man. It was a privilege to know him and it's wonderful to see Belfast honour him at last." A wall mural commemorating James Magennis on the 60th anniversary of VJ day was unveiled on 16 September 2005 by Peter Robinson, the Democratic Unionist Party Member of Parliament representing East Belfast, including Tullycarnet.
## Magennis plaques.
In 1986 at a memorial service in Bradford Cathedral, the Submarine Old Comrade Association (West Riding Branch) erected a memorial plaque on an inner wall within the Cathedral. The | 15,385 |
1215229 | James Joseph Magennis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Joseph%20Magennis | James Joseph Magennis
plaque made of Welsh slate was supplied by ex-submariner Tommy Topham MBE. Rear Admiral Place VC, CB, CVO, DSC unveiled the plaque. In attendance was Petty Officer Tommy "Nat" Gould, another submariner Victoria Cross recipient of the Second World War.
In 1998 a memorial plaque was installed by Castlereagh Borough Council on the wall of Magennis's former home at 32 Carncaver Road, Castlereagh, East Belfast. A memorial blue plaque sponsored by Belfast City Council was installed on the outer wall of the Royal Naval Association building at Great Victoria Street, Belfast by the Ulster History Circle.
## Ashcroft collection.
In 1986, there was some publicity in the newspapers that his VC would | 15,386 |
1215229 | James Joseph Magennis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Joseph%20Magennis | James Joseph Magennis
be up at auction. This attracted the interest of Michael Ashcroft, Baron Ashcroft who bought the VC for £29,000 (plus fees) amidst strong competition from dealers and private collectors. This was the first Victoria Cross bought by Lord Ashcroft, who, as of 2006, owned 142 medals. In July 2008 Lord Ashcroft announced a donation of £5 million for a permanent gallery at the Imperial War Museum, where Victoria Crosses already held by the museum will be put on display alongside his own. The Lord Ashcroft Gallery opened in 2010.
# In the media.
Magennis was profiled in the 2006 television docudrama "Victoria Cross Heroes", which included archive footage, dramatisations of his actions and an interview | 15,387 |
1215229 | James Joseph Magennis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Joseph%20Magennis | James Joseph Magennis
of his actions and an interview with Lord Ashcroft about his VC.
# References.
- Further reading
- George Fleming - "Magennis VC: The story of Northern Ireland's only WW2 winner of the Victoria Cross" ( Paperback; Hardback)
- "Belfast Telegraph" 9 October 1999
- "The Irish Sword" (Brian Clark, 1986)
- "Ireland's VCs" (Dept of Economic Development, 1995)
# External links.
- HMS Ganges Association "(biography, photo, VC action details)"
- Northern Ireland Submariners Association
- Unveiling memorial on 8 October 1999 (Maritime Institute of Ireland)
- Campaign for a memorial
- "Loyalists replace UFF mural with tribute to Catholic VC Navy hero" "Belfast Telegraph" (18 September 2005) | 15,388 |
1215248 | Donald John Dean | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald%20John%20Dean | Donald John Dean
Donald John Dean
Colonel Donald John Dean VC OBE (19 April 1897 – 9 December 1985) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
# Military career.
Dean served as a private with the 28th London (Artists Rifles) Regiment in the Ypres Salient and during the Battle of the Somme. In October 1916 he was commissioned into the Royal West Kent Regiment and fought at Vimy Ridge and around Givenchy.
He was 21 years old, and a Temporary Lieutenant in the 8th Battalion, The Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment, British Army during the First World War when the following | 15,389 |
1215248 | Donald John Dean | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald%20John%20Dean | Donald John Dean
deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.
During the period 24 September–26 September 1918, north-west of Lens, France, Lieutenant Dean with his platoon held an advance post established in a newly captured enemy trench. The post was ill-prepared for defence and the lieutenant worked unceasingly with his men consolidating the position, under very heavy fire. Five times in all the post was attacked and on each occasion the attack was repulsed. Throughout the whole of this time Lieutenant Dean inspired his command with his own contempt of danger and set the highest example of valour, leadership and devotion to duty.
He later achieved the rank of colonel and served in the Second World War. | 15,390 |
1215248 | Donald John Dean | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald%20John%20Dean | Donald John Dean
on each occasion the attack was repulsed. Throughout the whole of this time Lieutenant Dean inspired his command with his own contempt of danger and set the highest example of valour, leadership and devotion to duty.
He later achieved the rank of colonel and served in the Second World War. Dean was among the last to leave the port of Boulogne in 1940. Later he served in Madagascar and Italy, earning two Mentions in Despatches and a promotion to full colonel in 1945. He also served as a Deputy Lieutenant of Kent.
# Personal life.
In 1923, Dean married Marjorie Wood. They had one son and one daughter.
# References.
- Biography
# External links.
- Location of grave and VC medal "(Kent)" | 15,391 |
1215224 | Robert Hampton Gray | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert%20Hampton%20Gray | Robert Hampton Gray
Robert Hampton Gray
Robert Hampton "Hammy" Gray, (November 2, 1917 – August 9, 1945) was a Canadian naval officer, pilot, and recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC) during World War II, one of only two members of the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm to have been thus decorated in that war. (The other was Eugene Esmonde, a British pilot.) Gray is the last Canadian to win the Victoria Cross.
# Early life.
Gray was born in Trail, British Columbia, Canada, but resided from an early age in Nelson, where his father was a jeweller. In 1940, following education at the University of Alberta and University of British Columbia, where he completed his Bachelor of Arts and was a member of the Phi Delta Theta Fraternity, | 15,392 |
1215224 | Robert Hampton Gray | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert%20Hampton%20Gray | Robert Hampton Gray
he enlisted in the Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve (RCNVR) at in Calgary, Alberta. Originally sent to England for training, Gray was sent back to Canada to train at RCAF Station Kingston.
# War service.
## Africa and Norway.
Gray initially joined 757 Squadron at Winchester, England. He was then assigned to the African theatre, flying Hawker Hurricanes for shore-based squadrons, nos. 795, 803, and 877, where he spent two years at Nairobi.
He trained to fly the Corsair fighter and in 1944 he was assigned to 1841 Squadron, based on . From August 24–29, 1944, he took part in a series of unsuccessful raids against the , in Norway. On August 29, 1944, he was Mentioned in Dispatches for | 15,393 |
1215224 | Robert Hampton Gray | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert%20Hampton%20Gray | Robert Hampton Gray
his participation in an attack on three German destroyers, during which his plane's rudder was shot off. On January 16, 1945, he received a further Mention, "For undaunted courage, skill and determination in carrying out daring attacks on the German battleship Tirpitz."
## Japan.
In April 1945, HMS "Formidable" joined the British Pacific Fleet which was involved in the invasion of Okinawa. By July 1945, the carrier was involved in strikes on the Japanese mainland. On July 18, Gray led a strafing mission against airfields in the Tokyo area. On July 24, Gray led another flight to the inland sea which damaged one merchant ship, and damaged two seaplane bases and one airbase. Gray earned a Distinguished | 15,394 |
1215224 | Robert Hampton Gray | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert%20Hampton%20Gray | Robert Hampton Gray
Service Cross for aiding in sinking a Japanese destroyer in the area of Tokyo on July 28. The award was not announced until August 21, 1945, when the notice appeared in the "London Gazette" with the citation, "For determination and address in air attacks on targets in Japan".
### VC action.
On August 9, 1945, at Onagawa Bay, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, Lieutenant Gray (flying a Vought F4U Corsair) led an attack on a group of Japanese naval vessels, sinking the before his plane crashed into the bay. The citation for his VC, gazetted on November 13, 1945, describes what happened:
Gray was one of the last Canadians to die during World War II, and was the last Canadian to be awarded the Victoria | 15,395 |
1215224 | Robert Hampton Gray | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert%20Hampton%20Gray | Robert Hampton Gray
Cross. His VC is owned by the Gray family.
# Legacy.
As Gray's remains were never found, he was listed as missing in action and presumed dead. He is commemorated, with other Canadians who died or were buried at sea during the First and Second World Wars, at the Halifax Memorial in Point Pleasant Park, Halifax, Nova Scotia. The War Memorial Gym at University of British Columbia, Royal Canadian Legion hall in Nelson, numerous other sites in Nelson, and the wardroom of HMCS "Tecumseh" (his RCNVR home unit) also bear plaques in his honour.
A memorial for Gray was erected at Onagawa Bay in 1989 in Sakiyama Park. This is the only memorial dedicated to a foreign soldier on Japanese soil. Following | 15,396 |
1215224 | Robert Hampton Gray | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert%20Hampton%20Gray | Robert Hampton Gray
the devastation of the March 11, 2011 earthquake, the monument (with new plaque) was moved from its original location in Sakiyama Park to one beside the hospital (Onagawacho Community Medicine Center) in Onagawa Town. A rededication ceremony was held 24 August 2012. Gray is one of fourteen figures commemorated at the Valiants Memorial in Ottawa.
To celebrate the Centennial of the Canadian Navy, during the 2010 air show season, Vintage Wings of Canada flew at events across Canada in a Corsair bearing the markings of the plane Gray was likely flying that fateful day.
His life is recorded in A Formidable Hero, Lt. R.H. Gray, VC, DSC, RCNVR (second edition) by Stuart E. Soward, published by Trafford | 15,397 |
1215224 | Robert Hampton Gray | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert%20Hampton%20Gray | Robert Hampton Gray
Neptune.
## Grays Peak, British Columbia.
On March 12, 1946, the Geographic Board of Canada named a mountain in Kokanee Glacier Provincial Park, British Columbia, after Gray and his brother, John Balfour Gray, who was also killed in World War II. Rising to a height of 2,753m, Grays Peak is well known in Canada as the mountain pictured on the label of Kokanee beer.
## Hampton Gray Memorial Elementary.
The elementary school at CFB Shearwater is named after Gray.
## Royal Canadian Sea Cadets.
The Royal Canadian Sea Cadet Corps in Nelson, BC is named 81 Hampton Gray, VC Royal Canadian Sea Cadet Corps.
## Royal Canadian Air Cadets.
In 2012, the Royal Canadian Air Cadets created a new squadron | 15,398 |
1215224 | Robert Hampton Gray | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert%20Hampton%20Gray | Robert Hampton Gray
known in Canada as the mountain pictured on the label of Kokanee beer.
## Hampton Gray Memorial Elementary.
The elementary school at CFB Shearwater is named after Gray.
## Royal Canadian Sea Cadets.
The Royal Canadian Sea Cadet Corps in Nelson, BC is named 81 Hampton Gray, VC Royal Canadian Sea Cadet Corps.
## Royal Canadian Air Cadets.
In 2012, the Royal Canadian Air Cadets created a new squadron in his honour called 789 Lt. R. Hampton Gray VC Squadron which is located in Mississauga, Ontario.
## Harry DeWolf-class offshore patrol vessel.
The six and final Harry DeWolf-class offshore patrol vessel will be named for Gray.
# External links.
- Vintage Wings of Canada article on Gray | 15,399 |
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