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750326 | Compact group | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Compact%20group | Compact group
comes the conclusion. The set of all formula_120—with formula_45 ranging over the dominant, analytically integral elements—forms an orthonormal set in the space of square integrable class functions. But by the Weyl character formula, the characters of the irreducible representations form a subset of the formula_120's. And by the Peter–Weyl theorem, the characters of the irreducible representations form an orthonormal basis for the space of square integrable class functions. If there were some formula_45 that is not the highest weight of a representation, then the corresponding formula_120 would not the character of a representation. Thus, the characters would be a "proper" subset of the set | 16,000 |
750326 | Compact group | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Compact%20group | Compact group
of formula_120's. But then we have an impossible situation: an orthonormal "basis" (the set of characters of the irreducible representations) would be contained in a strictly larger orthonormal set (the set of formula_120's). Thus, every formula_45 must actually be the highest weight of a representation.
# Duality.
The topic of recovering a compact group from its representation theory is the subject of the Tannaka–Krein duality, now often recast in term of tannakian category theory.
# From compact to non-compact groups.
The influence of the compact group theory on non-compact groups was formulated by Weyl in his unitarian trick. Inside a general semisimple Lie group there is a maximal compact | 16,001 |
750326 | Compact group | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Compact%20group | Compact group
egory theory.
# From compact to non-compact groups.
The influence of the compact group theory on non-compact groups was formulated by Weyl in his unitarian trick. Inside a general semisimple Lie group there is a maximal compact subgroup, and the representation theory of such groups, developed largely by Harish-Chandra, uses intensively the restriction of a representation to such a subgroup, and also the model of Weyl's character theory.
# See also.
- Peter–Weyl theorem
- Maximal torus
- Root system
- Locally compact group
- "p"-compact group
- Protorus
- Classifying finite-dimensional representations of Lie algebras
- Weights in the representation theory of semisimple Lie algebras | 16,002 |
750333 | S. S. Van Dine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S.%20S.%20Van%20Dine | S. S. Van Dine
S. S. Van Dine
S. S. Van Dine (also styled S.S. Van Dine) is the pseudonym used by American art critic Willard Huntington Wright (October 15, 1888 – April 11, 1939) when he wrote detective novels. Wright was an important figure in avant-garde cultural circles in pre-World War I New York, and under the pseudonym (which he originally used to conceal his identity) he created the immensely popular fictional detective Philo Vance, a sleuth and aesthete who first appeared in books in the 1920s, then in movies and on the radio.
# Early life.
Willard Huntington Wright was born to Archibald Davenport Wright and Annie Van Vranken Wright on October 15, 1888, in Charlottesville, Virginia. His younger | 16,003 |
750333 | S. S. Van Dine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S.%20S.%20Van%20Dine | S. S. Van Dine
brother, Stanton Macdonald-Wright, became a respected painter, one of the first American abstract artists, and co-founder (with Morgan Russell) of the school of modern art known as "Synchromism". Willard and Stanton were raised in Santa Monica, California, where their father owned a hotel. Willard, a largely self-taught writer, attended St. Vincent College, Pomona College, and Harvard University without graduating. In 1907, he married Katharine Belle Boynton of Seattle, Washington; they had one child, Beverley. He abandoned Katherine and Beverley early in their marriage. Katharine was granted a divorce in October 1930. he married for a second time in October 1930. His second wife was Eleanor | 16,004 |
750333 | S. S. Van Dine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S.%20S.%20Van%20Dine | S. S. Van Dine
Rulapaugh, known professionally as Claire De Lisle, a portrait painter and socialite.
# Writing career.
At age 21, Wright began his professional writing career as literary editor of the "Los Angeles Times", where – describing himself as "'Esthetic expert and psychological shark" – he was known for his scathing book reviews and irreverent opinions. He was particularly caustic about romance and detective fiction. His friend and mentor H.L. Mencken was an early inspiration. Other important literary influences included Oscar Wilde and Ambrose Bierce. Wright was an advocate of the naturalism of Theodore Dreiser, and Wright's own novel, "The Man of Promise" (1916), was written in a similar style.
In | 16,005 |
750333 | S. S. Van Dine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S.%20S.%20Van%20Dine | S. S. Van Dine
1909, Wright wrote a perceptive profile of Edgar Allan Poe for the Los Angeles Times. Wright moved New York City in 1911. He published realist fiction as editor of the New York literary magazine "The Smart Set," from 1912 to 1914, a job he attained with Mencken's help. He was fired from that position when the magazine's conservative owner felt that Wright was intentionally provoking their middle-class readership with his interest in unconventional and often sexually explicit fiction. In his two-year tenure, Wright published short stories by Gabriele D'Annunzio, Floyd Dell, Ford Madox Ford, D.H. Lawrence, and George Moore; a play by Joseph Conrad; and poems by Ezra Pound and William Butler Yeats.
In | 16,006 |
750333 | S. S. Van Dine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S.%20S.%20Van%20Dine | S. S. Van Dine
1913, he visited Paris and Munich, seeing Impressionist and Synchromist works of art. He wrote an article about the art, "Impressionism to Synchromism", December 1913, published in "New York" magazine, which brought the abstract art to public attention in the US.
Wright's energies were devoted to numerous projects, reflecting his wide range of interests. His book "What Nietzsche Taught" appeared in 1915. An attempt to popularize the German philosopher with skeptical American audiences, it described and commented on all of Nietzsche's books and provided quotations from each work. Wright continued to write short stories in this period; in 2012 Brooks Hefner revealed heretofore unknown short stories | 16,007 |
750333 | S. S. Van Dine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S.%20S.%20Van%20Dine | S. S. Van Dine
that featured an intellectual criminal, written by Wright under a pseudonym several years before his adoption of the Van Dine pseudonym.
Wright was, however, most respected in intellectual circles for his writing about art. In "Modern Painting: Its Tendency and Meaning" (secretly co-authored in 1915 with his brother Stanton), he surveyed the important art movements of the last hundred years from Manet to Cubism, praised the largely unknown work of Cézanne, and predicted a coming era in which an art of color abstraction would replace realism. Admired by people like Alfred Stieglitz and Georgia O'Keeffe, Wright became under his brother's tutelage one of the most progressive (and belligerently | 16,008 |
750333 | S. S. Van Dine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S.%20S.%20Van%20Dine | S. S. Van Dine
opinionated) art critics of the time and helped to organize several shows, including the "Forum Exhibition of Modern American Painters", that brought the most advanced new painters to the attention of audiences on both coasts. He also published a work of aesthetic philosophy, "The Creative Will" (1916), that O'Keeffe and William Faulkner both regarded as a meaningful influence on their thinking about artistic identity.
In 1917, Wright published "Misinforming a Nation", in which he mounted a blistering attack on alleged inaccuracies and British biases in the "Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition". A Germanophile, Wright did not support America's decision to join the Allied cause in World | 16,009 |
750333 | S. S. Van Dine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S.%20S.%20Van%20Dine | S. S. Van Dine
War I, and he was blackballed from journalism for more than two years after an overzealous secretary (erroneously) accused him of spying for Germany, an episode that became a much-publicized scandal in New York in November 1917. Though cleared, his favourable view of Prussian militarism cost him his friendships with Mencken and Dreiser. In 1929, at the height of his fame as 'Philo Vance', he was appointed Police Commissioner of Bradley Beach, New Jersey. After suffering a nervous breakdown and the beginning of a long-term dependence on drugs, Wright retreated to California, where he attempted to make a living as a newspaper columnist in San Francisco.. Contrary to what is stated in some sources, | 16,010 |
750333 | S. S. Van Dine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S.%20S.%20Van%20Dine | S. S. Van Dine
Wright did write a biography of the poet Richard Hovey and it was announced for publication in Spring 1914. In 1929, Wright stated that "It is true that at one time I was working on a book relating to Richard Hovey and his friends but Mrs Hovey died before the book went to press, and it has never been published"; that remains the case.
# Journalism and reviews.
- "Edgar Allan Poe: His Art, Accomplishments, Influence". Los Angeles Times, 19 January 1909
- "The Uselessness of Art". West Coast Magazine, September 1909
- "View of a Highbrow Anent the Fighting Game". Los Angeles Times, 20 March 1910
- "Hotbed of Soulful Culture, Vortex of Erotic Erudition". Los Angeles Times, 22 May 1910
- | 16,011 |
750333 | S. S. Van Dine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S.%20S.%20Van%20Dine | S. S. Van Dine
"The Gambler's Life in Gay Reno". Los Angeles Times, 26 June 2010
- "Fresh Literature – Books Reviewed". Los Angeles Times, 11 September 1910
- "New Librarian Liberal in Policies, Would Specialise". Los Angeles Times, 25 September 1910
- "Fresh Literature – Books Reviewed". Los Angeles Times, 25 September 1910
- "Two Days in Los Angeles with Greatest Novelist". Los Angeles Times, 13 November 1910
- "Fresh Literature – Book Reviews". Los Angeles Times, 20 November 1910
- "Fresh Literature – Book Reviews". Los Angeles Times, 4 December 1910
- "Fresh Literature – Book Reviews". Los Angeles Times, 18 December 1910,
- "Fresh Literature – Book Reviews". Los Angeles Times, 25 December 1910
- | 16,012 |
750333 | S. S. Van Dine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S.%20S.%20Van%20Dine | S. S. Van Dine
"Fresh Literature – Book Reviews". Los Angeles Times, 1 January 1911
- "David Graham Phillips". Los Angeles Times, 28 January 1911
- "Fresh Literature – Book Reviews". Los Angeles Times, 19 March 1911
- "Advantage of Stupidity in Dramatic Censorship". Los Angeles Times, 17 April 1911
- "David C McCann". Los Angeles Times, 24 April 1911
- "Fresh Literature – Book Reviews". Los Angeles Times, 30 April 1911
- "Fresh Literature – Book Reviews". Los Angeles Times, 7 May 1911
- "Fresh Literature – Book Reviews". Los Angeles Times, 14 May 1911
- "Fresh Literature – Book Reviews". Los Angeles Times, 11 June 1911
- "Fresh Literature – Book Reviews". Los Angeles Times, 2 July 1911
- "Fresh Literature | 16,013 |
750333 | S. S. Van Dine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S.%20S.%20Van%20Dine | S. S. Van Dine
– Book Reviews". Los Angeles Times, 16 July 1911
- "Fresh Literature – Book Reviews". Los Angeles Times, 23 July 1911
- "Fresh Literature – Book Reviews". Los Angeles Times, 24 September 1911
- "Fresh Literature – Book Reviews". Los Angeles Times, 8 October 1911
- "Fresh Literature – Book Reviews". Los Angeles Times, 29 October 1911
- "Fresh Literature – Book Reviews". Los Angeles Times, 28 October 1911
- "The Mission Play". Sunset, July 1912
- "New Books and Book News". Los Angeles Times, 7 March 1913
- "Los Angeles – The Chemically Pure". The Smart Set, March 1913. Reprinted: The Smart Set Anthology (1934)
- "New Books and Book News". Los Angeles Times, 1 June 1913
- "New Books and | 16,014 |
750333 | S. S. Van Dine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S.%20S.%20Van%20Dine | S. S. Van Dine
Book News". Los Angeles Times, 8 June 1913
- "New Books and Book News". Los Angeles Times, 15 June 1913
- "London’s Notorious Supper Clubs". The Smart Set, [Date unknown]. Reprinted: Arizona Republican, 28 November 1913
- "He Hopes Our Nation Will Become Nietzschean". New York Tribune, 26 March 1916
- "[Title Unknown]". North American Review, October 1917
- "Pacificism and Art". Los Angeles Times, 19 November 1917
- "A Pedant on Painting". Los Angeles Times, 7 April 1918
- "New San Francisco – The Prophylactic". Los Angeles Times, 4 August 1918
- "'Woe Is Me' in San Francisco". Los Angeles Times, 26 January 1919
- "The Picture That Made Paris Gasp". Hearst's International Magazine, | 16,015 |
750333 | S. S. Van Dine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S.%20S.%20Van%20Dine | S. S. Van Dine
August 1922
- "[Title Unknown]". Shadowland Magazine, August 1922
- "The Future of Painting: 1". The Freeman Magazine, December 1922
- "A Strictly American Lexicon". Austin American, 22 May 1928
- "[Title Unknown]". New York Evening Mail, May 1934
## Other non-fiction.
- "Loaf Sugar: A Protest". Minnesota Star Tribune, 28 September 1927
- "New York – Post Impressions". Minnesota Star Tribune, 6 October 1927
# Poetry.
- "Beside the Sea". The Province, 10 July 1909
- "Song against Women". Windsor Star, 14 November 1913
- "Ode to Fads of Yesteryear". Vanity Fair, [Date Unknown]. Reprinted: Southwest News, 19 June 1924
# Detective fiction.
Returning to New York in 1920, Wright took | 16,016 |
750333 | S. S. Van Dine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S.%20S.%20Van%20Dine | S. S. Van Dine
any freelance work that came his way but lived a restless, impoverished existence and, in his displays of temper and anxiety, alienated many of his old friends. By 1923, he was seriously ill, the result of a breakdown from overwork, he claimed, but in reality the consequence of his secret cocaine addiction, according to John Loughery's biography "Alias S.S. Van Dine". Confined to bed for a prolonged period of recovery, he began in frustration and boredom reading hundreds of volumes of crime and detection. As a direct result of this exhaustive study, he wrote a seminal essay, published in 1926, which explored the history, traditions and conventions of detective fiction as an art form. Wright | 16,017 |
750333 | S. S. Van Dine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S.%20S.%20Van%20Dine | S. S. Van Dine
also decided to try his own hand at detective fiction and approached Maxwell Perkins, the famous Scribner's editor whom he had known at Harvard, with an outline for a trilogy that would feature an affluent, snobbish amateur sleuth, a Jazz Age Manhattan setting, and lively topical references. In 1926, the first Philo Vance book, "The Benson Murder Case," was published under the pseudonym "S.S. Van Dine". Within two years, following the publication of "The Canary Murder Case" and "The Greene Murder Case," Wright was one of the best-selling authors in the United States.
Frankly embarrassed by his turn from intellectual pursuits to mass market fiction, Wright never wanted to publish under his own | 16,018 |
750333 | S. S. Van Dine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S.%20S.%20Van%20Dine | S. S. Van Dine
name. He took his pseudonym from the abbreviation of "steamship" and from Van Dine, which he claimed was an old family name. According to Loughery, however, "there are no Van Dines evident in the family tree" (p. 176). He went on to write twelve mysteries in total, though their author's identity was unmasked by 1928. The first few books about the distinctive Philo Vance (who shared with his creator a love of art and a disdain for the common touch) were so popular that Wright became wealthy for the first time in his life. His readership was diverse and worldwide. David Shavit's study of World War II POW reading habits revealed that Vance was one of the favorite detectives among officer POWs. | 16,019 |
750333 | S. S. Van Dine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S.%20S.%20Van%20Dine | S. S. Van Dine
However, according to critic Julian Symons:
Wright's later books declined in both quality and popularity. The reading public's tastes changed, and the "hard-boiled" school of detective fiction became the dominant style in the 1930s. The new mood was captured by Ogden Nash in his brief verse:
poem
Philo Vance
Needs a kick in the pance.
/poem
Philo Vance and Sam Spade occupy different aesthetic universes. Wright continued to make money, though, and by the end of the decade, he saw himself caught in a trap from which he could not escape: in the midst of the Depression, he could not return to literary journalism and art criticism which paid very little, now that he and his wife were accustomed | 16,020 |
750333 | S. S. Van Dine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S.%20S.%20Van%20Dine | S. S. Van Dine
to an extravagant way of life, and yet he no longer believed in the kind of novels he was producing each year in order to maintain that way of life.
## Parodies.
- "The John Riddell Murder Case". Novel by John Riddell (Corey Ford), 1939
# Study of detective fiction.
In addition to his success as a writer of fiction, Wright's lengthy introduction and notes to the anthology "The World's Great Detective Stories" (1928) are important in the history of the critical study of detective fiction. Although dated by the passage of time, this essay is still a core around which many other such commentaries have been constructed. He also wrote an article, "Twenty Rules for Writing Detective Stories", | 16,021 |
750333 | S. S. Van Dine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S.%20S.%20Van%20Dine | S. S. Van Dine
in 1928 for "The American Magazine" It has been frequently reprinted and compared to "Knox's (Ten) Commandments" by Ronald Knox.
# Short film series.
Wright wrote a series of scenarios for Warner Brothers film studio in the early 1930s. These were used as the basis for a series of twelve two-reel "murder mystery" films, each approximately 20 minutes long, that were released in 1931 - 1932. Of these, "The Skull Murder Mystery" shows Wright's vigorous plot construction. It is also notable for its non-racist treatment of Chinese characters, something quite unusual in its day.
Donald Meek and John Hamilton were featured players, with Joseph Henabery directing. Three titles (The Wall Street Mystery, | 16,022 |
750333 | S. S. Van Dine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S.%20S.%20Van%20Dine | S. S. Van Dine
The Studio Murder Mystery, and the Trans-Atlantic Murder Mystery) have been released on DVD as extras on "Forbidden Hollywood Collection Volume 3" (Warner). The titles are followed by dates reviewed by Film Daily:
- "The Clyde Mystery" (September 27, 1931). This starred Donald Meek and Helen Flint.
- "The Wall Street Mystery" (November 4, 1931)
- "The Week End Mystery" (December 6, 1931). Advertised as "The Week-End Mystery"
- "The Symphony Murder Mystery" (January 10, 1932). Advertised as "The Symphony Mystery"
- "The Studio Murder Mystery" (February 7, 1932)
- "The Skull Murder Mystery" (March 1932)
- "The Cole Case (The Cole Murder Case)" (April 3, 1932)
- "Murder in the Pullman" | 16,023 |
750333 | S. S. Van Dine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S.%20S.%20Van%20Dine | S. S. Van Dine
(May 22, 1932)
- "The Side Show Mystery" (June 11, 1932). Advertised as "The Sideshow Mystery"
- "The Campus Mystery" (July 2, 1932)
- "The Crane Poison Case" (July 9, 1932)
- "The Trans-Atlantic Murder Mystery" (August 31, 1932). Advertised as "The Transatlantic Mystery"
As far as it is known, none of Van Dine's screen treatments has been published in book form, and none of the manuscripts survive. Short films were popular then, and Hollywood made hundreds of them during the studio era. Except for a handful of famous comedies, short films are not often discussed in more recent film reference books like features and animated cartoons often are.
On 13 September 1932, a $500,000 plagiarism | 16,024 |
750333 | S. S. Van Dine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S.%20S.%20Van%20Dine | S. S. Van Dine
suit was filed against Van Dine and the Vitaphone Film Company by Arlo Channing Edington and Carmen Ballen Edington who charged that their novel, "The Studio Murder Mystery", which had been filmed by Paramount in 1929, had been "'lifted' - title, plot and incident" and produced by the film company, credited to Van Dine. . The outcome of the suit is unknown.
# Late career and death.
From a monetary perspective, Wright was fortunate in his experiences with Hollywood, and he was lionized on his visits to the movie capital. All but two of his novels were made into feature-length films, and the role of Philo Vance was played in different film versions by stars as popular as William Powell (before | 16,025 |
750333 | S. S. Van Dine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S.%20S.%20Van%20Dine | S. S. Van Dine
his Nick Charles period), Basil Rathbone, and Edmund Lowe. Louise Brooks (in "The Canary Murder Case"), Jean Arthur (in "The Green Murder Case"), and Rosalind Russell (in "The Casino Murder Case") appeared in the S.S. Van Dine movies.
On April 11, 1939, at age 50, Wright died in New York of a heart condition exacerbated by excessive drinking, a year after the publication of an unpopular experimental novel that incorporated one of the biggest stars in radio comedy, "The Gracie Allen Murder Case". He left behind a complete novelette-length story that was intended as a film vehicle for Sonja Henie and was published posthumously as "The Winter Murder Case". Max Perkins generously referred to Wright | 16,026 |
750333 | S. S. Van Dine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S.%20S.%20Van%20Dine | S. S. Van Dine
ehicle for Sonja Henie and was published posthumously as "The Winter Murder Case". Max Perkins generously referred to Wright at the time of Wright's death as a "gallant, gentle man" who had been tormented by the pressures of a market-driven age. His portrait, painted by his brother in 1914, hangs in the permanent collection of the National Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C.
# External links.
- Works by S.S. Van Dine at Feedbooks
- Bibliography of UK first editions.
- Biography, at Classiccrimefiction.com.
- Contemporary biography, Louise Brooks Society.
- The papers of Willard Huntington Wright at the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia. | 16,027 |
750381 | Powdery mildew | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Powdery%20mildew | Powdery mildew
Powdery mildew
Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects a wide range of plants. Powdery mildew diseases are caused by many different species of fungi in the order Erysiphales, with "Podosphaera xanthii" (a.k.a. "Sphaerotheca fuliginea") being the most commonly reported cause. "Erysiphe cichoracearum" was formerly reported to be the primary causal organism throughout most of the world. Powdery mildew is one of the easier plant diseases to identify, as its symptoms are quite distinctive. Infected plants display white powdery spots on the leaves and stems. The lower leaves are the most affected, but the mildew can appear on any above-ground part of the plant. As the disease progresses, the | 16,028 |
750381 | Powdery mildew | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Powdery%20mildew | Powdery mildew
spots get larger and denser as large numbers of asexual spores are formed, and the mildew may spread up and down the length of the plant.
Powdery mildew grows well in environments with low humidity and moderate temperatures. Greenhouses provide an ideal moist, temperate environment for the spread of the disease. This causes harm to agricultural and horticultural practices where powdery mildew may thrive in a greenhouse setting. In an agricultural or horticultural setting, the pathogen can be controlled using chemical methods, bio organic methods, and genetic resistance. It is important to be aware of powdery mildew and its management as the resulting disease can significantly reduce important | 16,029 |
750381 | Powdery mildew | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Powdery%20mildew | Powdery mildew
crop yields.
# Reproduction.
Powdery mildew fungi can only reproduce on their living cell host and reproduce both sexually and asexually. Sexual reproduction is via chasmothecia (formerly cleistothecium), a type of ascocarp where the genetic material recombines. Powdery mildew fungi must be adapted to their hosts to be able to infect them. Within each ascocarp are several asci.
Under optimal conditions, ascospores mature and are released to initiate new infections . Conditions necessary for spore maturation differ among species. Asexual reproduction is where the mother fungi and offspring are genetically identical. Powder mildew fungi offspring of wheat and barley species are more successful | 16,030 |
750381 | Powdery mildew | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Powdery%20mildew | Powdery mildew
from asexual reproduction compared to sexual reproduction counterparts.
## Vectors of transmission.
Woolly aphids (Eriosomatinae) and other sucking insects are often vectors of transmission for powdery mildew, and other infectious diseases. Typically woolly aphids in sub temperate climates precede and are an indicator of various infections, including Powdery mildew. Aphids penetrate plant surfaces where they often reside and provide a host of potential inoculants through physical, digestive or fecal secretions. Aphids are often an indicator of other potential plant problems.
# Management.
In an agricultural setting, the pathogen can be controlled using chemical methods, genetic resistance, | 16,031 |
750381 | Powdery mildew | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Powdery%20mildew | Powdery mildew
and careful farming methods.
## Conventional chemical control.
Standard fungicides are an effective way to manage powdery mildew disease on plants. Spray programs of conventional fungicides are advised to begin when powdery mildew symptoms and signs are first noticed. Conventional fungicides should be applied on a regular basis for best results against the disease.
Control is possible with triadimefon and propiconazole. It is also possible with hexaconazole, myclobutanil, and penconazole.
## Non-conventional chemical control.
There are some unconventional chemical control methods that offer alternative modes of action.
The most effective non-conventional methods of chemical control against | 16,032 |
750381 | Powdery mildew | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Powdery%20mildew | Powdery mildew
powdery mildew are milk, natural sulfur (S), potassium bicarbonate, metal salts, and oils.
Metal salt fungicides should be applied on a regular basis up until harvest of the host. Sulfur must be applied before the disease has emerged since it prevents fungi spores from germinating. Copper sulfate is an effective fungicide allowed in organic farming, but can cause harm to the host plant. Addition of lime hampens this effect.
Neem oil effectively manages powdery mildew on many plants by interfering with the fungus' metabolism and terminating spore production. Sulfur and Fish Oil + Sesame Oil is a mixture effective against powdery mildew.
Milk has long been popular with home gardeners and small-scale | 16,033 |
750381 | Powdery mildew | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Powdery%20mildew | Powdery mildew
organic growers as a treatment for powdery mildew. Milk is diluted with water (typically 1:10) and sprayed on susceptible plants at the first sign of infection, or as a preventative measure, with repeated weekly application often controlling or eliminating the disease. Studies have shown milk's effectiveness as comparable to some conventional fungicides, and better than benomyl and fenarimol at higher concentrations. Milk has proven effective in treating powdery mildew of summer squash, pumpkins, grapes, and roses. The exact mechanism of action is unknown, but one known effect is that ferroglobulin, a protein in whey, produces oxygen radicals when exposed to sunlight, and contact with these | 16,034 |
750381 | Powdery mildew | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Powdery%20mildew | Powdery mildew
radicals is damaging to the fungus.
Dilute sprays containing sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and vegetable or mineral oils in water are often recommended for controlling powdery mildew, but such mixtures have limited and inconsistent efficacy. While sodium bicarbonate has been shown to reduce to growth of mildews in lab tests, sprays containing only baking soda and water are not effective in controlling fungal diseases on infected plants, and high concentrations of sodium are harmful to plants.
Potassium bicarbonate is an effective fungicide against powdery mildew and apple scab, allowed for use in organic farming.
Another non-conventional chemical treatment involves treating with a solution | 16,035 |
750381 | Powdery mildew | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Powdery%20mildew | Powdery mildew
of calcium silicate. Silicon helps the plant cells defend against fungal attack by degrading haustoria and by producing callose and papilla. With silicon treatment, epidermal cells are less susceptible to powdery mildew of wheat.
## Genetic resistance.
Pm3 allel is an effective genetic resistance strategy that protects host species against powdery mildew fungus.
# Powdery mildews of various plants.
## Wheat, barley and other cereals.
"Blumeria graminis" f. sp. "tritici", causes powdery mildew of wheat, whereas f. sp. "hordei" causes powdery mildew of barley.
## Legumes.
Legumes, such as soybeans, are affected by "Microsphaera diffusa".
## Grape.
"Erysiphe necator" (or "Uncinula necator") | 16,036 |
750381 | Powdery mildew | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Powdery%20mildew | Powdery mildew
causes powdery mildew of grapes.
## Onions.
The fungus causing powdery mildew of onions is "Leveillula taurica" (also known by its anamorph name, "Oidiopsis taurica"). It also infects the artichoke.
## Apples and pears.
"Podosphaera leucotricha" is a fungus that can cause powdery mildew of apples and pears.
## Gourds and melons.
Multiple species of fungus can cause powdery mildew of cucurbits: cucumbers, squashes (including pumpkins), luffas, melons, and watermelons.
Since 1925, commercial "Cucumis melo" (cantaloup and muskmelon) production has been engaged in a biological "arms race" against cucurbit powdery mildew (CPM) caused by the fungus "Podosphaera xanthii", with new cultivars | 16,037 |
750381 | Powdery mildew | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Powdery%20mildew | Powdery mildew
of melons being developed for resistance to successively arising races of the fungus, identified simply as race 1, race 2, etc. (seven in total by 2004), for races found around the world, and race N1 through N4 for some divergent races native to Japan. Various subraces have been identified, and given names such as race 2U.S., race 3.5, and race 4.5. A new race S was discovered in 2003, and a specific melon cultivar ("C. melo" var. "acidulus" 'PI 313970') found resistant to it, then used for backcrossing to increase resistance in other cultivars. Such modern selective breeding of plants for phytopathological resistance to particular fungal races involves a great deal of genetic research; this | 16,038 |
750381 | Powdery mildew | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Powdery%20mildew | Powdery mildew
PI 313970 versus race S case involved multi-stage hybridization to propagate a recessive gene, "pm-S" in successive generations, and how this may affect other recessive and codominant genes for resistance to other races of "P. xanthii" "remains to be determined".
A 2004 literature review regarding powdery mildew races that parasitize various cucurbit plants concluded that "race identification is important for basic research and is especially important for the commercial seed industry, which requires accuracy in declaring the type and level of resistance ... in its products". However, identifying specific races was seen as having little utility in horticulture for choosing specific cultivars, | 16,039 |
750381 | Powdery mildew | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Powdery%20mildew | Powdery mildew
because of the rapidity with which the local pathogen population can change geographically, seasonally, and by host plant.
At least three other Erysiphaceae fungi can cause powdery mildew in cucurbits: The most frequent, after "P. xanthii", is "Erysiphe cichoracearum", the former primary causal organism throughout most of the world. "Podosphaera fusca" is another, sometimes considered synonymous with "P. xanthii". Cucumbers in greenhouse environments have also been reported to be susceptible to "Leveillula taurica".
## Lilacs.
"Microsphaera syringae" is a fungus that can cause powdery mildew in lilac.
## Strawberries.
"Podosphaera aphanis" is the cause of powdery mildew in strawberries | 16,040 |
750381 | Powdery mildew | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Powdery%20mildew | Powdery mildew
and other Rosaceae like "Geum rivale" (the water avens)
## Tree leaves.
"Sawadaea tulasnei" is a fungus that causes powdery mildew on tree leaves. This fungus attacks the leaves of the "Acer platanoides" (Norway maple) in North America, Great Britain, and Ireland, "Acer palmatum" (also known as the Japanese maple or smooth Japanese maple).
## Oregon grape.
"Erysiphe berberidis" is a fungus that causes powdery mildew on Oregon grape leaves.
## Arabidopsis.
Golovinomyces orontii causes powdery mildew on "Arabidopsis" (rockcress) leaves.
# Hyperparasites of powdery mildew.
In the family Sphaeropsidaceae of the Sphaeropsidales fungi, species of the genus "Cicinnobolus" are hyperparasites | 16,041 |
750381 | Powdery mildew | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Powdery%20mildew | Powdery mildew
dopsis.
Golovinomyces orontii causes powdery mildew on "Arabidopsis" (rockcress) leaves.
# Hyperparasites of powdery mildew.
In the family Sphaeropsidaceae of the Sphaeropsidales fungi, species of the genus "Cicinnobolus" are hyperparasites of powdery mildew.
"Ampelomyces quisqualis" is an anamorphic fungus that is a hyperparasite of powdery mildews. This parasitism reduces growth and may eventually kill the mildew. Research on biological control of powdery mildews (especially in high-value crops such as grapes) has been ongoing since the 1970s, resulting in the development of fungicides which contain "A. quisqualis" as the active ingredient.
# See also.
- Erysiphales
- Oidium (genus) | 16,042 |
750396 | Bill Plante | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill%20Plante | Bill Plante
Bill Plante
Bill Plante (born January 14, 1938) is a veteran journalist and correspondent for CBS News, having joined the network in 1964. His most recent work was as the Senior White House Correspondent for CBS, reporting regularly for "CBS This Morning" as well as for the "CBS Evening News". Plante covered the 1965 voting rights marches from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama as a national correspondent for CBS News. He also served several tours of duty in South Vietnam covering the Vietnam War, the first in 1964 and the last in 1975 during the Fall of Saigon at the end of the war. He anchored "CBS Sunday Night News" from 1988 to 1995. He retired in November 2016. He is the stepfather of syndicated | 16,043 |
750396 | Bill Plante | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill%20Plante | Bill Plante
14, 1938) is a veteran journalist and correspondent for CBS News, having joined the network in 1964. His most recent work was as the Senior White House Correspondent for CBS, reporting regularly for "CBS This Morning" as well as for the "CBS Evening News". Plante covered the 1965 voting rights marches from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama as a national correspondent for CBS News. He also served several tours of duty in South Vietnam covering the Vietnam War, the first in 1964 and the last in 1975 during the Fall of Saigon at the end of the war. He anchored "CBS Sunday Night News" from 1988 to 1995. He retired in November 2016. He is the stepfather of syndicated radio talk show host Chris Plante. | 16,044 |
750400 | Eric White (basketball) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eric%20White%20(basketball) | Eric White (basketball)
Eric White (basketball)
Eric Lance White (born December 30, 1965) is a retired American professional basketball player. Born in San Francisco, he played collegiately at Pepperdine University from 1983–1987. He was listed as a 6'8" (2.03 m) and 200 lb (91 kg) forward.
White was selected in the 3rd round with the 19th pick of the 1987 NBA draft by the Detroit Pistons. From 1987 to 1989 he played in just two NBA seasons, with the L.A. Clippers and the Utah Jazz, averaging 6.1 points and 2.4 rebounds per game. He was selected as an expansion draft pick by the Minnesota Timberwolves in 1989.
# External links.
- College & NBA stats @ basketballreference.com | 16,045 |
750425 | James Wyngaarden | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Wyngaarden | James Wyngaarden
James Wyngaarden
James Barnes Wyngaarden (October 19, 1924 – June 14, 2019) was an American physician, researcher and academic administrator. He was a co-editor of one of the leading internal medicine texts, and served as director of National Institutes of Health between 1982 and 1989. He had four daughters and one son.
Wyngaarden was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
# External links.
- James B. Wyngaarden Papers at Duke University Medical Center Archives
- National Institutes of Health death announcement | 16,046 |
750412 | Eric Wyndham White | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eric%20Wyndham%20White | Eric Wyndham White
Eric Wyndham White
Sir Eric Wyndham White KCMG (1913–1980) was a British administrator and economist. He was founder and first executive secretary of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade between 1948 and 1965. He was the first director-general of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade from 1965 to 1968.
Born on 26 January 1913, White was educated at the Westminster City School and the London School of Economics. He graduated as a LLB with first class honours and in 1938 was called to the bar by the Middle Temple. He was an assistant lecturer at the LSE until the Second World War started when he moved to the Ministry of Economic Warfare. In 1942 he became the First Secretary at the British | 16,047 |
750412 | Eric Wyndham White | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eric%20Wyndham%20White | Eric Wyndham White
in 1938 was called to the bar by the Middle Temple. He was an assistant lecturer at the LSE until the Second World War started when he moved to the Ministry of Economic Warfare. In 1942 he became the First Secretary at the British Embassy in Washington.
In 1945 he became Special Assistant to the European Director of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. He became involved in the forming of a secretariat for a new international trade organisation, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade in 1948 and became the first Director-General.
White died aged 67 on 27 January 1980 in France after suffering a heart attack while swimming.
# External links.
- Biography at WTO | 16,048 |
750393 | Philip Wylie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip%20Wylie | Philip Wylie
Philip Wylie
Philip Gordon Wylie (May 12, 1902 – October 25, 1971) was an American author of works ranging from pulp science fiction, mysteries, social diatribes and satire, to ecology and the threat of nuclear holocaust.
# Early life and career.
Born in Beverly, Massachusetts, Wylie was the son of Presbyterian minister Edmund Melville Wylie and the former Edna Edwards, a novelist, who died when Philip was five years old. His family moved to Montclair, New Jersey, and he later attended Princeton University from 1920–1923.
A writer of fiction and nonfiction, his output included hundreds of articles, novels, serials, short stories, syndicated newspaper columns, and works of social criticism. | 16,049 |
750393 | Philip Wylie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip%20Wylie | Philip Wylie
He also wrote screenplays while in Hollywood, was an editor for Farrar & Rinehart, served on the Dade County, Florida Defense Council, was a director of the Lerner Marine Laboratory, and at one time was an adviser to the chairman of the Joint Congressional Committee for Atomic Energy which led to the creation of the Atomic Energy Commission. Most of his major writings contain critical, though often philosophical, views on man and society as a result of his studies and interests in biology, ethnology, physics, and psychology.
At least nine movies were made from novels or stories by Wylie. He sold the rights for two others that were never produced.
His wide range of interests defies easy classification, | 16,050 |
750393 | Philip Wylie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip%20Wylie | Philip Wylie
but his earliest work exercised great influence in twentieth-century science fiction pulp magazines and comic books:
- "Gladiator" (1930) partially inspired the comic-book character Superman.
- "The Savage Gentleman" (1932) "Pulp historians point out that the themes of "The Savage Gentleman" are replicated to an uncanny degree in the pulp character Clark "Doc" Savage (1933) created by Lester Dent..." - Richard A. Lupoff
- "When Worlds Collide" (1933), co-written with Edwin Balmer, inspired Alex Raymond's comic strip Flash Gordon and was adapted as an eponymous 1951 film by producer George Pal.
He applied engineering principles and the scientific method quite broadly in his work. His novel | 16,051 |
750393 | Philip Wylie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip%20Wylie | Philip Wylie
"The Disappearance" (1951) is about what happens when everyone suddenly finds that all members of the opposite sex are missing (all the men have to get along without women, and vice versa). The book delves into the double standards between men and women that existed prior the woman's movement of the 1970s, exploring the nature of the relationship between men and women and the issues of women's rights and homosexuality.
During World War II, writing "The Paradise Crater" (1945) resulted in his house arrest by the federal government; in it, he described a post-WWII 1965 Nazi conspiracy to develop and use uranium-237 bombs, months before the first successful atomic test at Alamagordo – the most | 16,052 |
750393 | Philip Wylie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip%20Wylie | Philip Wylie
highly classified secret of the war. His nonfiction book of essays, "Generation of Vipers" (1942), was a best-seller during the 1940s and inspired the term "Momism". Some people have accused "Generation of Vipers" of being misogynistic. "The Disappearance" shows his thinking on the subject is very complex. (His only child, Karen Wylie Pryor, is the author of a classic book for breastfeeding mothers, "Nursing Your Baby", and has commented that her father was far from being a misogynist.) His novel of manners, "Finnley Wren", was also highly regarded in its time.
He wrote 69 "Crunch and Des" stories, most of which appeared in the "Saturday Evening Post", about the adventures of Captain Crunch | 16,053 |
750393 | Philip Wylie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip%20Wylie | Philip Wylie
Adams, master of the charter boat "Poseidon", which was the basis of a brief television series. In 1941, Wylie became Vice-President of the International Game Fish Association, and for many years he was responsible for writing IGFA rules and reviewing world record claims.
His 1954 novel "Tomorrow!" dealt graphically with the civilian impact of thermonuclear war to make a case for a strong Civil Defense network in the United States, as he told the story of two neighboring cities (one prepared, one unprepared) before and after an attack by missile-armed Soviet bombers. This was adapted on October 17, 1956 by ABC Radio, as a one-hour drama narrated by Orson Welles, produced in cooperation with | 16,054 |
750393 | Philip Wylie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip%20Wylie | Philip Wylie
the Federal Civil Defense Administration.
Wylie was also active in writing detective and mystery novelettes for a variety of magazines. Five of them were collected in 2010 as "Ten Thousand Blunt Instruments and Other Mysteries," published by Crippen & Landru in its "Lost Classics" series and edited by Bill Pronzini.
An article Wylie wrote in 1951 in "The Saturday Evening Post" entitled "Anyone Can Raise Orchids" led to the popularization of this hobby—not just the rich, but gardeners of every economic level began experimenting with orchids.
Wylie's final works dealt with the potentially catastrophic effects of pollution and climate change. Notably, Wylie wrote "L.A. 2017", a 1971 episode | 16,055 |
750393 | Philip Wylie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip%20Wylie | Philip Wylie
of the television series "The Name of the Game". The series was normally a contemporary drama; however, in this unique science fiction episode, the lead character awakens in a science-fiction dystopia, centered on a psychiatric/fascist government overseeing the underground-sheltered remnants of humanity, the aftermath of an environmental (pollution) catastrophe. The 90-minute episode was directed by Steven Spielberg, and featured Gene Barry, Barry Sullivan, Edmond O'Brien, Severn Darden and Sharon Farrell. Wylie wrote a near-simultaneous novelization of the story as "Los Angeles: A.D. 2017".
Wylie's final novel, "The End of the Dream", was published posthumously in 1972 and foresees a dark | 16,056 |
750393 | Philip Wylie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip%20Wylie | Philip Wylie
future where America slides into ecological catastrophe.
Philip Wylie, and now the Philip Wylie estate, is represented by Harold Ober Associates.
# Personal life.
Wylie married Sally Ondek, and had one child, Karen. After divorcing his first wife, he married Frederica Ballard, who was born and raised in Rushford, New York; they are both buried in Rushford.
Wylie's daughter, Karen Pryor, is an author who became the inventor of animal "clicker" training; she was the wife of Taylor Alderdyce Pryor, a Marine helicopter pilot who became a Hawaii state senator and a co-founder of Sea Life Park and Oceanic Institute in Hawaii, of which his wife served as director. She later married Jon Lindbergh, | 16,057 |
750393 | Philip Wylie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip%20Wylie | Philip Wylie
Charles Lindbergh's son.
Wylie's niece Janice Wylie, the daughter of his brother Max Wylie, was murdered, along with her roommate Emily Hoffert, in New York in August 1963 in what became known as the "Career Girls murders" case.
# Death.
Wylie died from a heart attack on October 25, 1971, in Miami. Some of his papers, writings, and other possessions are in the Department of Rare Books and Special Collections at Princeton University Library.
# Bibliography.
## Novels.
- "Heavy Laden" (1928)
- "Babes and Sucklings" (1929)
- "Gladiator" (New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1930)
- "The Murderer Invisible" (1931)
- "Footprint of Cinderella" (1931)
- "The Savage Gentleman" (New York, Farrar & Rinehart, | 16,058 |
750393 | Philip Wylie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip%20Wylie | Philip Wylie
1932)
- "When Worlds Collide" (1933) (with Edwin Balmer) – Earth is destroyed in a collision with the rogue planet Bronson Alpha, with about a year of warning enabling a small group of survivors to build a spacecraft and escape to the rogue planet's moon, Bronson Beta. Filmed, with major changes to the story, as "When Worlds Collide" (1951).
- "After Worlds Collide" (1934) (with Edwin Balmer) – Continues the story of "When Worlds Collide", with both exploration of Bronson Beta and conflict with other groups of survivors.
- "The Golden Hoard" (1934)
- "Finnley Wren" (1934)
- "Too Much of Everything" (1936)
- "An April Afternoon" (1938)
- "The Other Horseman" (1942)
- "Corpses at Indian | 16,059 |
750393 | Philip Wylie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip%20Wylie | Philip Wylie
Stones" (1943)
- "Night Unto Night" (1944), filmed in 1949, starring Ronald Reagan
- "Opus 21" (1949)
- "The Disappearance" (1951) – An unexplained cosmic "blink" splits humanity along gender lines into two divergent timelines: from the men's perspective, all the women disappear and from the women's, all men vanish. The novel explores issues of gender role and sexual identity. It depicts an empowered condition for liberated women and a dystopia of an all-male world. Wylie's setting allows him to investigate the role of homosexuality in situations where no gender alternative exists.
- "The Smuggled Atom Bomb" (1951)
- "Three to be Read" (1951). Three suspense novellas from "The Saturday | 16,060 |
750393 | Philip Wylie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip%20Wylie | Philip Wylie
Evening Post"
- "Tomorrow!" (1954) – Nuclear war story centering on the atomic bombing of two fictional Midwest cities adjacent to each other in the mid-1950s; one has an effective Civil Defense program, the other does not.
- "The Innocent Ambassadors" (1957)
- "They Both Were Naked" (1963)
- "Triumph" (1963) – Nuclear war story involving a worst-case USA/USSR "spasm war" where both sides empty their arsenals into each other with extensive use of "dirty" bombs to maximize casualties, resulting in the main characters (in a very deep bomb shelter) being the only survivors in the entire Northern Hemisphere. An excerpt from this novel (or perhaps the whole thing) was serialized in the "Saturday | 16,061 |
750393 | Philip Wylie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip%20Wylie | Philip Wylie
Evening Post" magazine.
- "The Spy Who Spoke Porpoise" (1969) – The President of the United States learns that there is a category of CIA files, code named Zed, to which he is not allowed access.
- "Los Angeles: A.D. 2017" (1971) - A novelization of Wylie's "L.A. 2017", a 1971 episode of the television series "The Name of the Game".
- "The End of the Dream" (1972)
## Short stories.
- "Seeing New York by Kiddie Car" (1926)
- "Jungle Journey" (1945)
- "The Paradise Crater" (1945)
- "Blunder" (1946)
- "An Epistle to the Thessalonians" (1950)
- "Philadelphia Phase" (1951)
- "" (1955)
- "Ten Thousand Blunt Instruments and Other Mysteries" (Crippen & Landru, 2010)
### "Crunch and Des" | 16,062 |
750393 | Philip Wylie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip%20Wylie | Philip Wylie
collections.
- "The Big Ones Get Away" (1940)
- "Salt Water Daffy" (1941)
- "Fish and Tin Fish" (1944)
- "Selected Short Stories of Philip Wylie" (1945)
- "Crunch & Des: Stories of Florida Fishing" (1948)
- "The Best of Crunch & Des" (1954)
- "Treasure Cruise and other Stories" (1956)
- "Crunch & Des: Classic Stories about Saltwater Fishing (1990)
The Big Ones Get Away, Salt Water Daffy, Fish and Tin Fish and Selected Short Stories of Philip Wylie were published as Armed Services Editions during WWII, as were Night Unto Night and When Worlds Collide.
## Non-fiction.
- "Generation of Vipers" (1942)
- "An Essay on Morals" (1947)
- "Denizens Of The Deep" (1953)
- "The Answer" (1955)
- | 16,063 |
750393 | Philip Wylie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip%20Wylie | Philip Wylie
"The Magic Animal" (1968)
- "Sons and Daughters of Mom" (1971)
## Essays/articles.
The following is a partial list:
- "Why Colleges Fail Students" "Saturday Evening Post" (December 13, 1930)
- "The Quitter as Hero" "Harper's Magazine" (Oct. 1933)
- "Writing for the Movies" "Harper's Magazine" (Nov. 1933)
- "The Illiteracy of Educators" "Saturday Review of Literature" (June 3, 1944)
- "Sex and the Censor" "Nation" (July 8, 1944)
- "War and Peace in Miami" "New Republic" (1944)
- "Memorandum on Anti-Semitism" "American Mercury" (Jan. 1945)
- "Safe and Insane" "The Atlantic" (Jan. 1948)
- "How To Admire Writers" "Atlantic" (1950)
- "We Are Making a Circus of Death" "Coronet" (September | 16,064 |
750393 | Philip Wylie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip%20Wylie | Philip Wylie
1959)
- "Medievalism and the MacArthurian Legend" "Quarterly Journal of Speech" (1951)
- "Panic, Psychology, and the Bomb" "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists" (Feb. 1954)
- "Science Has Spoiled My Supper" "The Atlantic Monthly" (Apr, 1954)
- "The Mysterious Doctors of Bimini" "Saturday Evening Post" (1954)
- "The Crime of Mickey Spillane" "Good Housekeeping" (1955)
- "Predictions: 2001 A.D." (1956)
- "The Career Woman" "Playboy" (January 1963)
- "UFOs: The Sense and Nonsense" "Popular Science" (March 1967)
- "McNamara's Missile Defense: A Multi-Billion Dollar Fiasco?" "Popular Science" (Jan. 1968)
- "Who Killed Mankind?" "Today's Health" (Oct. 1970)
# Films.
- "Island of Lost Souls" | 16,065 |
750393 | Philip Wylie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip%20Wylie | Philip Wylie
(1932) screenplay
- "Murders in the Zoo" (1933) screenplay
- "King of the Jungle" (1933) screenplay
- "The Invisible Man" (1933) uncredited
- "Come On, Marines!" (1934) story
- "Death Flies East" (1935) story
- "Fair Warning" (1937) story
- "Under Suspicion" (1937) story
- "Second Honeymoon" (1937) story
- "The Gladiator" (1938) based on novel
- "Charlie Chan in Reno" (1939) original story "Death Makes a Decree"
- "The Smiling Ghost" (1941) story - uncredited
- "Springtime in the Rockies" (1942) story
- "Cinderella Jones" (1946) story
- "Night Unto Night" (1949) novel
- "When Worlds Collide" (1951) novel
- "Johnny Tiger" (1966) co-screenplay
# TV series.
- "Crunch and Des" | 16,066 |
750393 | Philip Wylie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip%20Wylie | Philip Wylie
was adapted for a syndicated TV series (37 episodes, 1955–1956) starring Forrest Tucker and Sandy Kenyon and filmed in Bermuda.
- "L.A. 2017", a 1971 episode of the television series "The Name of the Game". A science-fiction dystopia, based around a psychiatric/fascist government in the underground-sheltered remnants of humanity, the aftermath of an environmental (pollution) catastrophe. Wylie wrote the novelization as "Los Angeles: A.D. 2017".
# References.
- Notes
- Sources
- Barshay, Robert Howard. "Philip Wylie; The Man and His Work." Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1979.
- Bendau, Clifford P. "Still Worlds Collide: Philip Wylie and the End of the American Dream." San | 16,067 |
750393 | Philip Wylie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip%20Wylie | Philip Wylie
Bernardino: The Borgo Press, 1980. Volume 30 in The Milford Series "Popular Writers of Today", 63 pages.
- Breit, Harvey "Talk with Philip Wylie" "New York Times Book Review" (July 3, 1959)
- Keefer, Truman F. "Philip Wylie." Boston: Twain Publishers, 1978.
- Lupoff, Richard A. "In Search of The Savage: An Introduction"
- Orlean, Susan. "The Orchid Thief." New York: Random House, 1998.
- Wylie, Philip. "Crunch & Des: Classic Stories of Saltwater Fishing." New York: Lyons & Burford, 1990.
# External links.
- Extensive bibliography
- Fantastic Fiction's bibliography of his works
- Essay on Wylie's writing, by Charlie Courtney
- "Common Women", excerpt from "Generation of Vipers" (1942, | 16,068 |
750393 | Philip Wylie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip%20Wylie | Philip Wylie
an, Susan. "The Orchid Thief." New York: Random House, 1998.
- Wylie, Philip. "Crunch & Des: Classic Stories of Saltwater Fishing." New York: Lyons & Burford, 1990.
# External links.
- Extensive bibliography
- Fantastic Fiction's bibliography of his works
- Essay on Wylie's writing, by Charlie Courtney
- "Common Women", excerpt from "Generation of Vipers" (1942, 1955)
- Philip Wylie Papers at the Department of Rare Books and Special Collections Princeton University Library
- Philip Wylie, from Gary Westfahl's "Biographical Encyclopedia of Science Fiction Film"
- Biography, from Allmovie
- Critical Article on "Generation of Vipers"
- Philip Wylie interviewed by Mike Wallace 5/12/57 | 16,069 |
750386 | Luornu Durgo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luornu%20Durgo | Luornu Durgo
Luornu Durgo
Triplicate Girl (Luornu Durgo) is a fictional character, a superhero in the 30th and 31st centuries of the and a member of the Legion of Super-Heroes. She has also had the aliases Duo Damsel, Triad, Una, Duplicate Damsel and Duplicate Girl.
# Publication history.
Luornu Durgo first appeared in "Action Comics" #276 and was created by producer Jerry Siegel and Jim Mooney.
# Fictional character biography.
## Original continuity.
Luornu Durgo, codenamed Triplicate Girl, first appeared in "Action Comics" #276, written by Jerry Siegel. A native of the planet Cargg, she could split into three identical bodies, as could all Carggites, due to the planet Cargg having three suns. Her | 16,070 |
750386 | Luornu Durgo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luornu%20Durgo | Luornu Durgo
costume consisted of a purple dress, orange cape and belt, and black boots.
She was the fourth hero to join the Legion of Super-Heroes, and its first non-founder member. Unlike her post-"Zero Hour" counterpart, Triad, she had brown eyes, not split purple/orange ones. For a long time, she had an unrequited crush on Superboy.
One of her three bodies was killed by Brainiac 5's killer creation Computo The Conqueror (a rogue computer) early on, and she was thereafter known as Duo Damsel. Her surviving two bodies continued to remember the trauma of experiencing her/their death, with the result that Computo was the one villain whom Duo Damsel was too frightened to confront.
Duo Damsel later donned | 16,071 |
750386 | Luornu Durgo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luornu%20Durgo | Luornu Durgo
a unique half orange, half purple costume which could divide with her, leaving one body wearing an orange costume and one wearing a purple costume. It was designed by a fan, Nick Pascale, who also plotted the story in which it appeared. The costume originally appeared in "Adventure Comics" (vol. 1) #403 (April 1971), and was initially designed to aid her in a mission on the planet Pasnic, but the character continued to wear "splitting" costumes such as this throughout all her continuity. And an adaptation of it was designed when she became Triad and Duplicate Girl. The adaptation was even in the cartoon version of the Legion.
Duo Damsel left active Legion service to become a reservist after | 16,072 |
750386 | Luornu Durgo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luornu%20Durgo | Luornu Durgo
marrying fellow Legionnaire Bouncing Boy in "Superboy" #200 (Feb. 1974); after this she then appeared only sporadically.
In later years of the first Legion continuity she served as an instructor at the Legion Academy along with her husband. She suffered the death of one of her two remaining bodies battling the Time Trapper after she took part in a conspiracy to avenge the death of Superboy, which had been caused by the Trapper (After a minor reboot in 1990, it was stated that Glorith killed the second body during a conspiracy to avenge her genocidal destruction of the Daxamite race). It was revealed that Luornu's second body was still alive. This body, and the ability to duplicate herself, | 16,073 |
750386 | Luornu Durgo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luornu%20Durgo | Luornu Durgo
were restored to her, and she gained a new ability to generate force fields. This new ability was transferred to her by a special force field belt given to her by Brainiac 5 to protect her after the supposed death of her second body.
During the "Five Year Gap" following the Magic Wars, Earth fell under the covert control of the Dominators, and withdrew from the United Planets. A few years later, the members of the Dominators' highly classified "Batch SW6" escaped captivity. Originally, Batch SW6 appeared to be a group of teenage Legionnaire clones, created from samples apparently taken just prior to Ferro Lad's death at the hands of the Sun-Eater. Later, they were revealed to be time-paradox | 16,074 |
750386 | Luornu Durgo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luornu%20Durgo | Luornu Durgo
duplicates, every bit as legitimate as their older counterparts. After Earth was destroyed in a disaster reminiscent of the destruction of Krypton over a millennium earlier, a few dozen surviving cities and their inhabitants reconstituted their world as New Earth. The SW6 Legionnaires remained, and their version of Triplicate Girl (with all three of her bodies intact) assumed the code name Triad.
## "Zero Hour" Reboot.
After the events of the "Zero Hour" mini-series in 1994, the Legion's original continuity ended and their story began again from scratch.
The native inhabitants of the planet Cargg can split into three separate bodies. In most cases, these bodies are identical — physically, | 16,075 |
750386 | Luornu Durgo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luornu%20Durgo | Luornu Durgo
intellectually, and emotionally. Such was not the case for Luornu Durgo.
Even as a newborn, when only two of her cried, her three personalities were clear. Because of the shame of this on a world where this was considered a serious defect, her father left when she was a young child, and her mother degenerated into alcoholism and, eventually, suicide. She was raised by her grandmother, who secretly had the same "condition", but when she eventually died, Luornu was placed in an asylum, where the treatment basically consisted of torturing the three of her into acting the same way. After she began to show signs of "progress", she was allowed into the garden, where she escaped by climbing over the | 16,076 |
750386 | Luornu Durgo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luornu%20Durgo | Luornu Durgo
wall at the first opportunity. She ran until, tired, hungry, and drenched by the rain, she ended up at a spaceport. Desperate for shelter, she tried to break into one of the ships there — and found R.J. Brande inside. Seeing she was in trouble, instead of handing her over to the Carggite authorities, he took her to Earth and gave her a job in his office, the HQ of Brande Industries. When he found out about her treatment by the Carggities, he threatened to move several factories until they made him her legal guardian.
When Brande was saved by three teenagers, and got the idea for the Legion of Super-Heroes from his extensive collection of superheroic memorabilia, it was Luornu who he sent to | 16,077 |
750386 | Luornu Durgo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luornu%20Durgo | Luornu Durgo
collect the three of them, and she was co-opted as a member soon after, taking the codename Triad.
Other than the year the Legion was disbanded — which she spent as Brande Industries head, while Brande supervised the construction of Legion World — she has remained one of the Legion's most consistent members.
## "Threeboot".
In 2005 the Legion's continuity was restarted again. Triplicate Girl is the only inhabitant of the planet Cargg. Her origin is a mystery. All she recalls is waking up alone amongst the ruins of her planet. After weeks of loneliness, she discovers that she has the ability to divide herself into three, thus the three of them then became nine, twenty-seven, and so on with | 16,078 |
750386 | Luornu Durgo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luornu%20Durgo | Luornu Durgo
each individual having a shared consciousness. Eventually she hit her limit, but by then, her entire planet was repopulated with replicates of herself. When a United Planets craft arrives on Cargg, three of these replicates are sent out as emissaries. When they returned, the other replicates considered them "tainted," because they'd been places the other hadn't and met with beings who weren't replicates of themselves. These new experiences made them grow as people, and thus they were no longer true replicates, so the three merged into one being and were exiled, and she/they soon joined the Legion as Triplicate Girl.
## The Lightning Saga and Countdown.
During "The Lightning Saga" storyline | 16,079 |
750386 | Luornu Durgo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luornu%20Durgo | Luornu Durgo
of 2007, the Justice League of America and the Justice Society came across what appeared to be Triplicate Girl, dressed in her original "Adventure Comics" costume, inside an abandoned base once used by the Secret Society of Super Villains deep within Suicide Swamp. Triplicate Girl introduced her "selves" and explained that the Legion had returned to the past to stop the birth of Computo, "the world's first psychopathic artificial intelligence." She claimed that the "spark of life" that created Computo came from the technology within the Secret Society's base. Computo suddenly activated and battled the combined teams, killing one of Triplicate Girl's duplicate bodies just as it had in the original | 16,080 |
750386 | Luornu Durgo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luornu%20Durgo | Luornu Durgo
"Adventure Comics" run. Superman realized he had been there for that battle many years before, and he and Power Girl discovered that Triplicate Girl and Computo had both in fact been an elaborate illusion created by Sensor Girl to throw the two 21st-century teams off the trail of the Legionnaires.
At the conclusion of the "Lightning Saga," a shadowy figure appeared to Karate Kid as he prepared to return to the 31st century with his fellow Legionnaires, and told him he still had a mission to complete. This figure has since been revealed to be the "real" Triplicate Girl, who is joining Karate Kid on his mission in the past. In "Countdown" #41 she and Karate Kid still have a mission to complete | 16,081 |
750386 | Luornu Durgo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luornu%20Durgo | Luornu Durgo
in the 21st century. With her duplicates gone, she now calls herself "Una."
Una and Karate Kid visit Barbara Gordon to learn the secret of Val's illness. Oracle is unable to identify it, and directs them to see a Mr. Orr. When they reach Orr's compound, Val and Una are briefly forced into combat with Equus, until Orr arrives. Orr tells them that Karate Kid's illness is similar to the OMAC virus and, under Desaad's order, tells them to see a professor Buddy Blank.
While en route to seeing Blank, the train they are on is derailed by the vengeful Equus, who has also tricked the police into thinking the heroes are metahuman bioweapons. Supergirl arrives on the scene, but believing what the police | 16,082 |
750386 | Luornu Durgo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luornu%20Durgo | Luornu Durgo
believe, attacks Karate Kid, until her suppressed memories of the "Threeboot" Legion overwhelm her mind. Equus then throws a train car at her. Supergirl recovers and defeats Equus. Following the battle, there are some questions asked about the inconsistencies of Supergirl's memories. Val and Una then meet Buddy Blank and his grandson, who take them to see Brother Eye, who scans Val, and directs the group to Blüdhaven, where it detected a similar viral strain. Brother Eye later activates and begins assimilating nearby objects to grow larger and attacks with new OMACs. Shortly thereafter, it activates a Boom Tube and travels to Apokolips, taking the two Legionaires with it. On the planet, the | 16,083 |
750386 | Luornu Durgo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luornu%20Durgo | Luornu Durgo
two escape to the streets, but then Eye transfigures Una into an OMAC. With Brother Eye's defeat at the hands of the Pied Piper, Una is freed, but not before having beaten Karate Kid into submission and handing him to Brother Eye for experimentations. The whole party of heroes brought back to Earth, Una pleads with the others to save Karate Kid, even if the general consensus is to kill him before the Morticoccus virus spreads. Upon Val's death, the Morticoccus virus enters the atmosphere, turning humans savage and animals more human-like. Una helps Buddy Blank retrieve his grandson, sacrificing herself along the way for them by defending them from mutated rats. Her last act is to give Buddy | 16,084 |
750386 | Luornu Durgo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luornu%20Durgo | Luornu Durgo
her flight ring, so that he and his grandson can escape the city.
The bodies of Una and Karate Kid are eventually discovered by the Gotham City Police Department on New Earth, and Superman and the visiting Lightning Lad mourn their death. However, Una's fellow stranded Legionnaire, Starman, tells them, "Don't worry about Luornu...Triplicate! Duo! Una! Wait until you see what happens to "her!""
## Legion of 3 Worlds.
In the final issue of the "" series, Luornu returns to assist the Legion in battle with the Legion of Super-Villains, revealing that she has gained the ability to create vast numbers of duplicate bodies, and now goes by the name "Duplicate Damsel". She and Bouncing Boy have just | 16,085 |
750386 | Luornu Durgo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luornu%20Durgo | Luornu Durgo
returned from their honeymoon. She also reveals that Una was the second and last of her original duplicates. In subsequent New Earth appearances she uses the name "Duplicate Girl".
# Powers and abilities.
Triplicate Girl has the ability to split into three identical bodies. When Triplicate Girl merges into one body, she gains the memories and knowledge that her divided selves obtained.
In post-"Zero Hour" continuity, Triad's separate selves can be physically identified by eye color, hair, and outfit — the integrated Triad (and Triad-White) have one orange and one purple eye, Triad-Orange has two orange eyes, and Triad-Purple has two purple eyes. In terms of personality, Triad-Orange tends | 16,086 |
750386 | Luornu Durgo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luornu%20Durgo | Luornu Durgo
to be shyer, and Triad-Purple is more aggressive, than Triad-White, with the integrated Triad behaving similarly to Triad-White. She tends to wear clothes which make it clear which of her is which, and is also a practitioner of Tri-Jitsu, the fighting ability of strategic blows with three different bodies.
In the "Threeboot" continuity, the "prime" Triplicate Girl, who remained on Cargg, can divide into numerous bodies (the exact number has yet to be revealed). Her costume is reminiscent of her original portrayal (before the orange and purple design) and is identical on each of her three bodies. Early on in this series, no distinction between her different selves was apparent; however, that | 16,087 |
750386 | Luornu Durgo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luornu%20Durgo | Luornu Durgo
changed when two of her selves walked in on the third kissing Element Lad. Later issues have suggested that this relationship has continued.
In the New Earth Continuity she has the ability to split into as many bodies as she chooses. The upper limit of her splitting has not been determined.
# Equipment.
As a member of the Legion of Super-Heroes she is provided a Legion Flight Ring. It allows her to fly and protects her from the vacuum of space and other dangerous environments.
# In other media.
- Triplicate Girl appears in the "" episode "New Kids In Town" in a brief cameo appearance. In this episode, Legionnaires Saturn Girl, Cosmic Boy and Chameleon Boy chase Brainiac from the 31st century | 16,088 |
750386 | Luornu Durgo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luornu%20Durgo | Luornu Durgo
back to the 20th century Smallville, to stop him from killing Clark Kent before his powers have completely developed, which would have had serious consequences on the timeline, since the alteration would have made it impossible for Clark to have ever become the legend known as Superman.
- Triplicate Girl appears on the "Legion of Super Heroes" animated series voiced by Kari Wahlgren. She is not based on any particular Legion era, but combining aspects from all of them, although her hair color is the same color scheme as her attire ("Neutral"'s hair and clothes are white except for some orange and purple fringes; her lips and eyes are purple), and she sometimes splits into only two. Each of | 16,089 |
750386 | Luornu Durgo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luornu%20Durgo | Luornu Durgo
the colors has somewhat unusual personality quirks, but no major differences. For example, the white one gets motion sickness when going too fast in the cruiser. In the second-season premiere, the white Neutral third was erased by "antimatter" resulting from the temporal tamperings of the warlord Imperiex, leading her to change her codename to Duo Damsel. However, as she and the others returned before the temporal tamperings actually started, she is assured that her third may be restored along with the rest of the future. In the episode "Unnatural Alliances", Duo Damsel's costume was reworked, adding black accents instead of the original white, and replacing her chest symbol (three triangles) | 16,090 |
750386 | Luornu Durgo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luornu%20Durgo | Luornu Durgo
episode "Unnatural Alliances", Duo Damsel's costume was reworked, adding black accents instead of the original white, and replacing her chest symbol (three triangles) with a circle split down the middle. She had her hair redone in black with streaks of orange and purple. After Brainiac's defeat, the future is restored with her Neutral third returning to the 31st century to the others' delight. Surprisingly, Triplicate Girl is known for sharing a long-term budding relationship with Bouncing Boy whom she calls him "Bounce".
# Reception.
Luornu Durgo was ranked 33rd in "Comics Buyer's Guide's" 100 Sexiest Women in Comics list.
# External links.
- A Hero History Of Triplicate Girl/Duo Damsel | 16,091 |
750398 | Trading while insolvent | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trading%20while%20insolvent | Trading while insolvent
Trading while insolvent
A number of legal systems make provision for companies trading while insolvent to be unlawful in certain circumstances, and provide for directors to become personally liable for a company's debts if they have acted improperly. In most legal systems, the liability in respect of unlawful transactions only extends for a certain period of time prior to the company going into liquidation.
# UK law.
Under UK insolvency law, trading once a company is legally insolvent can trigger several provisions of the Insolvency Act 1986, including:
- Wrongful trading – Section 214
- Transaction at an undervalue – Section 238
- Preferences – Section 239
- Extortionate credit transactions – | 16,092 |
750398 | Trading while insolvent | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trading%20while%20insolvent | Trading while insolvent
Section 244
A limited company becomes insolvent when it can no longer pay its bills when due, or its liabilities—including contingent liabilities such as redundancy payments—outweigh the company’s assets. This is a critical point in the lifespan of a company as it denotes when the directors' responsibilities move from the interests of shareholders to the interests of creditors. It also means that the directors need to be extremely careful when considering whether to continue to trade, or not. Any director who knows that the company is insolvent and makes the decision to continue to trade, and in doing so increases the debts of the company can be made liable for the company debts.
In the UK, | 16,093 |
750398 | Trading while insolvent | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trading%20while%20insolvent | Trading while insolvent
directors are exposed in respect of transaction at an undervalue, preferences, and extortionate credit transactions if the transaction occurred: a) while the company was insolvent; and b) within 2 years before the onset of liquidation if the transaction was with a connected person, and 6 months if the transaction was with an unconnected person.
Directors who continue to trade while insolvent may face disqualification under the Company Directors Disqualification Act 1986. Under the provision of this act, when a company goes into liquidation, the liquidator must make a report to the Disqualification Unit of the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills on the conduct of all directors. If | 16,094 |
750398 | Trading while insolvent | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trading%20while%20insolvent | Trading while insolvent
quidator must make a report to the Disqualification Unit of the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills on the conduct of all directors. If the liquidator has come across any conduct which makes the director unfit to be involved in the management of a company in the future (which things would include trading while insolvent) the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills will apply to the Court for an order disqualifying the director or directors from acting as a company director for a certain period of time.
# Other countries.
Many other countries have similar laws, often referred to as 'insolvent trading' or wrongful trading.
# See also.
- UK company law
- US insolvency law | 16,095 |
750395 | George Wyndham | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George%20Wyndham | George Wyndham
George Wyndham
George Wyndham, PC (29 August 1863 – 8 June 1913) was a British Conservative politician, statesman, man of letters, and one of The Souls.
# Background and education.
Wyndham was the elder son of the Honourable Percy Wyndham, third son of George Wyndham, 1st Baron Leconfield, and he was a direct descendant of Sir John Wyndham. His mother was Madeleine Campbell, sixth daughter of Major-General Sir Guy Campbell, 1st Baronet, and Pamela, through whom he was the great-grandson of the Irish Republican leader, Lord Edward FitzGerald, whom Wyndham greatly resembled physically. He was the brother of Guy Wyndham and Mary Constance Wyndham. He was educated at Eton College and the Royal | 16,096 |
750395 | George Wyndham | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George%20Wyndham | George Wyndham
Military College, Sandhurst. He joined the Coldstream Guards in March 1883, serving through the Suakin campaign of 1885.
# Political career.
Wyndham started his political career in 1887, when he became private secretary to Arthur Balfour (afterwards the Earl of Balfour). In 1889, he was elected unopposed to the House of Commons as Member of Parliament (MP) for Dover, and held the seat until his death.
Wyndham launched an Imperialist magazine called "The Outlook" in February 1898. This may have been supported financially by Cecil Rhodes, with whom he had a close relationship. Joseph Conrad, who was a contributor, described the publication:
Also in 1898, Wyndham was appointed Under-Secretary | 16,097 |
750395 | George Wyndham | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George%20Wyndham | George Wyndham
of State for War under Lord Salisbury, which he remained until 1900. He was closely involved in Irish affairs at two points. Having been private secretary to Arthur Balfour during the years around 1890 when Balfour was Chief Secretary for Ireland, Wyndham was himself made Chief Secretary by Salisbury in 1900. He continued in this position after Balfour succeeded as Prime Minister in July 1902, but was taken into the Cabinet, and sworn a member of the Privy Council on 11 August 1902.
Wyndham furthered the 1902 Land Conference and also successfully saw the significant 1903 Irish Land Act into law. This change in the law ushered in the most radical change in history in Ireland's land ownership. | 16,098 |
750395 | George Wyndham | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George%20Wyndham | George Wyndham
Before it, Ireland's land was largely owned by landlords; within years of the Acts, most of the land was owned by their former tenants, who had been supported in their purchases by government subsidies. This could without exaggeration be called the most radical change in Irish life in history.
He brought forward a devolution scheme to deal with the Home Rule question co-ordinated with the Irish Reform Association conceived by his permanent under-secretary Sir Antony MacDonnell (afterwards Baron) and with the approval of the Lord Lieutenant the Earl of Dudley.
He resigned along with the rest of the Unionist government in May 1905.
Wyndham was in October 1902 elected by the students of the | 16,099 |
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