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750503 | Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eden%20Capwell%20and%20Cruz%20Castillo | Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo
Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo
Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo are fictional characters and a supercouple from the American daytime drama "Santa Barbara". Eden was portrayed by American actress Marcy Walker from September 28, 1984 to August 9, 1991, and Cruz was portrayed by actor A Marti... | 16,200 |
750503 | Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eden%20Capwell%20and%20Cruz%20Castillo | Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo
other characters on the show. During this period, Cruz was pursuing his childhood friend, Santana Andrade, while Eden was showing interest in Lionel Lockridge.
However, Marcy Walker and A Martinez have been quoted as saying that they pushed the Eden and Cruz angle, as it was not part of ... | 16,201 |
750503 | Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eden%20Capwell%20and%20Cruz%20Castillo | Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo
this period, their differing ethnic and socio-economic backgrounds, became major hurdles in their relationship. Both Eden's father, C.C. Capwell and Cruz's mother, Carmen, did not approve of the relationship for these reasons. Despite this, Cruz and Eden continued with their relationship ... | 16,202 |
750503 | Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eden%20Capwell%20and%20Cruz%20Castillo | Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo
found himself struggling between his duty as a police officer and his loyalty to Eden. The loyalty was challenged when the murder investigation leads to Eden's mother, Sophia, as the prime suspect. However, Eden and Cruz were able to reconcile their differences and together, they worked t... | 16,203 |
750503 | Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eden%20Capwell%20and%20Cruz%20Castillo | Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo
position of the Capwell family (much to her older brother Mason's chagrin). The future wedding is postponed even further when an ambitious business man, by the name of Kirk Cranston, comes to town. He helped Eden run the family business, but had a strong romantic interest in Eden as well.... | 16,204 |
750503 | Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eden%20Capwell%20and%20Cruz%20Castillo | Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo
Eden. He felt that Cruz's presence was a threat to Eden's marriage to Kirk, which he endorsed. Later on in the year, Eden's marriage to Kirk falls apart. Kirk, enraged with suspicious and jealousy of Eden's lingering feelings for Cruz, made several attempts on her life. With Cruz's help, ... | 16,205 |
750503 | Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eden%20Capwell%20and%20Cruz%20Castillo | Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo
Gina, who originally had custody of Brandon before C.C., did this as an attempt to get the child. During this time, Santana begins an illicit affair with the current District Attorney, Keith Timmons. Santana was eventually sent away to an insane asylum and the marriage ends in divorce. Af... | 16,206 |
750503 | Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eden%20Capwell%20and%20Cruz%20Castillo | Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo
Eden, but eventually learned that she was still alive. Unfortunately Eden is paralyzed, but after many sorrow-filled scenes, the pair are reunited. Cruz is arrested for the murder of Elena, however, which begins more torment for the star-crossed pair. Eventually, it was discovered that El... | 16,207 |
750503 | Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eden%20Capwell%20and%20Cruz%20Castillo | Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo
without a hitch on April 1, 1988.
It is not happily ever after for the Castillos, though. Shortly after the wedding, a rapist is on the loose in Santa Barbara and Eden is one of his victims. The storyline was widely acclaimed, and Marcy Walker won a 1989 Daytime Emmy for her emotional pe... | 16,208 |
750503 | Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eden%20Capwell%20and%20Cruz%20Castillo | Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo
Zach.
After Walker returns from maternity leave (she gave birth to son Taylor), she returns to Santa Barbara where Cruz and Eden search for their missing daughter. The search leaves them to the oft-visited site of Paris, France (Eden is often said to be there when Marcy Walker is off scr... | 16,209 |
750503 | Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eden%20Capwell%20and%20Cruz%20Castillo | Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo
were able to pick them up on satellite channels from Germany). Eden and Cruz return to Santa Barbara briefly, and then head to Mexico in search of Cruz's father.
Finally back at home, another test lies on the horizon for our supercouple, as Robert Barr, played to perfection by Roscoe Bor... | 16,210 |
750503 | Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eden%20Capwell%20and%20Cruz%20Castillo | Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo
you forget that Cruz is "kidnapped" by a pasha hoping to take the powers of a talisman that Cruz is in possession of and a few other wrenches in the grand design.
It is when Marcy Walker leaves the show for primetime that the great love story of Cruz and Eden comes to an end. While the s... | 16,211 |
750503 | Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eden%20Capwell%20and%20Cruz%20Castillo | Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo
sman that Cruz is in possession of and a few other wrenches in the grand design.
It is when Marcy Walker leaves the show for primetime that the great love story of Cruz and Eden comes to an end. While the show could have chosen many ways to convey this, they chose to have Eden suffer fro... | 16,212 |
750521 | Composing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Composing | Composing
Composing
Composing may refer to:
- Composition (language), in literature and rhetoric, producing a work in spoken tradition and written discourse, to include visuals and digital space
- Visual rhetoric and composition, visual literacy as ones' ability to read an image and communicate using images
- eRhet... | 16,213 |
750521 | Composing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Composing | Composing
, in literature and rhetoric, producing a work in spoken tradition and written discourse, to include visuals and digital space
- Visual rhetoric and composition, visual literacy as ones' ability to read an image and communicate using images
- eRhetoric, online communication, composing which understands the ... | 16,214 |
750464 | Treaty of Devol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Devol | Treaty of Devol
Treaty of Devol
The Treaty of Devol () was an agreement made in 1108 between Bohemond I of Antioch and Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos, in the wake of the First Crusade. It is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol (in modern Albania). Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was ... | 16,215 |
750464 | Treaty of Devol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Devol | Treaty of Devol
of the Principality, and Bohemond went to Europe looking for reinforcements. He launched into open warfare against Alexios, laying siege to Dyrrhachium, but he was soon forced to surrender and negotiate with Alexios at the imperial camp at Diabolis (Devol), where the Treaty was signed.
Under the terms ... | 16,216 |
750464 | Treaty of Devol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Devol | Treaty of Devol
who was regent in Antioch, refused to accept the terms of the Treaty. Antioch came temporarily under Byzantine sway in 1137, but it was not until 1158 that it truly became a Byzantine vassal.
The Treaty of Devol is viewed as a typical example of the Byzantine tendency to settle disputes through diploma... | 16,217 |
750464 | Treaty of Devol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Devol | Treaty of Devol
in the city and would not permit them to leave until their leaders swore oaths promising to restore to the Empire any land formerly belonging to it that they might conquer on the way to Jerusalem. The Crusaders eventually swore these oaths, individually rather than as a group. In return, Alexios gave th... | 16,218 |
750464 | Treaty of Devol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Devol | Treaty of Devol
Asia Minor, continued on their way without Byzantine aid. In 1098, when Antioch had been captured after a long siege and the Crusaders were in turn themselves besieged in the city, Alexios marched out to meet them, but, hearing from Stephen of Blois that the situation was hopeless, he returned to Consta... | 16,219 |
750464 | Treaty of Devol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Devol | Treaty of Devol
Alexios's supposed betrayals, but Bohemond claimed it for himself. Alexios, of course, disagreed; Antioch had an important port, was a trade hub with Asia and a stronghold of the Eastern Orthodox Church, with an important Eastern Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch. It had only been captured from the empire a... | 16,220 |
750464 | Treaty of Devol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Devol | Treaty of Devol
and the Eastern Orthodox Church in 1100 when he appointed Bernard of Valence as the Latin Patriarch, and the same time expelled the Greek Patriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which ... | 16,221 |
750464 | Treaty of Devol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Devol | Treaty of Devol
of the French King Philip I, whose daughter he married. It is unclear whether his expedition qualified as a crusade.
Bohemond's Norman relatives in Sicily had been in conflict with the Byzantine Empire for over 30 years; his father Robert Guiscard was one of the Empire's most formidable enemies. While ... | 16,222 |
750464 | Treaty of Devol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Devol | Treaty of Devol
into the Empire's interior; Alexios avoided a pitched battle and Bohemond's siege failed, partly due to a plague among his army. Bohemond soon found himself in an impossible position, isolated in front of Dyrrhachium: his escape by sea was cut off by the Venetians, and Paschal II withdrew his support.
... | 16,223 |
750464 | Treaty of Devol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Devol | Treaty of Devol
in Bohemond's eyes, had also violated the agreement by turning back from the siege of Antioch in 1098. Alexios agreed to consider the oaths of 1097 invalid. The specific terms of the treaty were negotiated by the general Nikephoros Bryennios, and were recorded by Anna Komnene:
- Bohemond agreed to beco... | 16,224 |
750464 | Treaty of Devol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Devol | Treaty of Devol
Crusaders nor the Byzantines controlled, but it was understood that Bohemond should try to conquer it);
- He agreed to return Laodicea and other Cilician territories to Alexios;
- He agreed to let Alexios appoint a Greek patriarch "among the disciples of the great church of Constantinople" (The restor... | 16,225 |
750464 | Treaty of Devol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Devol | Treaty of Devol
military assistance to the Emperor, except in wars in which he was involved, and to serve him against all his enemies, in Europe and in Asia.
Anna Komnene described the proceedings with very repetitive details, with Bohemond frequently pointing out his own mistakes and praising the benevolence of Alexi... | 16,226 |
750464 | Treaty of Devol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Devol | Treaty of Devol
were Maurus, bishop of Amalfi and papal legate, Renard, bishop of Tarentum, and the minor clergy accompanying them; the abbot of the monastery of St. Andrew in Brindisi, along with two of his monks; and a number of unnamed "pilgrims" (probably soldiers in Bohemond's army). From Alexios' imperial court, ... | 16,227 |
750464 | Treaty of Devol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Devol | Treaty of Devol
Alexios' witnesses were themselves Westerners, who held high positions in the Byzantine army and at the imperial court; Basil and Constantine were ambassadors in the service of Bohemond's relatives in Sicily.
Neither copy survives. It may have been written in Latin, Greek, or both. Both languages are e... | 16,228 |
750464 | Treaty of Devol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Devol | Treaty of Devol
of Antioch and its territory into the Empire. Alexios, recognizing the impossibility of driving Bohemond out of Antioch, tried to absorb him into the structure of Byzantine rule, and put him work for the Empire's benefit. Bohemond was to retain Antioch until his death with the title of "doux", unless th... | 16,229 |
750464 | Treaty of Devol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Devol | Treaty of Devol
lands were to include St Simeon and the coast, the towns of Baghras and Artah, and the Latin possessions in the Jebel as-Summaq. Latakia and Cilicia, however, were to revert to direct Byzantine rule. As Thomas Asbridge points out, much of what the Emperor granted to Bohemond (including Aleppo itself) wa... | 16,230 |
750464 | Treaty of Devol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Devol | Treaty of Devol
to John W. Birkenmeier, the Treaty marked the point at which Alexios had developed a new army, and new tactical doctrines with which to use it, but it was not a Byzantine political success; "it traded Bohemond's freedom for a titular overlordship of Southern Italy that could never be effective, and for ... | 16,231 |
750464 | Treaty of Devol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Devol | Treaty of Devol
of the "status quo" in the East Mediterranean." So too did the diplomatic initiatives Alexios undertook, in order to enforce the Treaty on Tancred (such as the treaty he concluded with Pisa in 1110–1111, and the negotiations for Church union with Pascal II in 1112). In contrast, Asbridge has recently ar... | 16,232 |
750464 | Treaty of Devol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Devol | Treaty of Devol
In his mind, Antioch was his by right of conquest. He saw no reason to hand it over to someone who had not been involved in the Crusade, and had indeed actively worked against it (as the Crusaders believed). The Crusaders seem to have felt Alexios had tricked Bohemond into giving him Antioch; they alrea... | 16,233 |
750464 | Treaty of Devol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Devol | Treaty of Devol
of the status of Antioch and the adjacent Cilician cities troubled the Empire for many years afterwards. Although the Treaty of Devol never came into effect, it provided the legal basis for Byzantine negotiations with the crusaders for the next thirty years, and for imperial claims to Antioch during the... | 16,234 |
750464 | Treaty of Devol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Devol | Treaty of Devol
the city to John. The agreement, by which Raymond swore homage to John, was explicitly based on the Treaty of Devol, but went beyond it: Raymond, who was recognized as an imperial vassal for Antioch, promised the Emperor free entry to Antioch, and undertook to hand over the city in return for investitur... | 16,235 |
750464 | Treaty of Devol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Devol | Treaty of Devol
on taking possession of the city, the two princes organized a riot. John found himself besieged in the city, and was forced to leave in 1138, recalled to Constantinople. He diplomatically accepted Raymond's and Joscelin's insistence that they had nothing to do with the rebellion. John repeated his opera... | 16,236 |
750464 | Treaty of Devol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Devol | Treaty of Devol
weakened by powerless regents after Raynald's capture by the Muslims in 1160, remained a Byzantine vassal state until 1182 when internal divisions following Manuel's death in 1180 hindered the Empire's ability to enforce its claim.
In the Balkan frontier, the Treaty of Devol marked the end of the Norma... | 16,237 |
750464 | Treaty of Devol | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Devol | Treaty of Devol
Sources.
## Primary sources.
- William of Tyre, "Historia Rerum In Partibus Transmarinis Gestarum" ("A History of Deeds Done Beyond the Sea"), translated by E. A. Babock and A. C. Krey (Columbia University Press, 1943). See the original text in the Latin library.
/div
# Further reading.
- Thomas S.... | 16,238 |
750443 | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Darjeeling%20Himalayan%20Railway | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, also known as the DHR or the Toy Train, is a gauge railway that runs between New Jalpaiguri and Darjeeling in the Indian state of West Bengal. Built between 1879 and 1881, it is about long. It climbs from about above sea level ... | 16,239 |
750443 | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Darjeeling%20Himalayan%20Railway | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
headquarters are at Kurseong.
On 2 December 1999, UNESCO declared the DHR a World Heritage Site. Two more railway lines were later added, and the site became known as one of the mountain railways of India.
# History.
Siliguri, at the base of the Himalayas, was connected with Calcutta (no... | 16,240 |
750443 | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Darjeeling%20Himalayan%20Railway | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
was accepted in 1879 after a positive report by the committee, and construction began that year.
Gillanders, Arbuthnot and Company was hired to construct the line, and by March 1880 track was laid as far as Tindharia, and Lord Lytton, the first viceroy to visit Darjeeling, rode to Tindhari... | 16,241 |
750443 | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Darjeeling%20Himalayan%20Railway | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
Gayabari to ease the gradient. The line was extended by a quarter-mile to Darjeeling Bazar in 1886. The Darjeeling station was renovated in 1891 and Kurseong got a new station building and storage shed in 1896, but the railway was impacted by an 1897 earthquake and a major cyclone in 1899.
... | 16,242 |
750443 | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Darjeeling%20Himalayan%20Railway | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
Darjeeling. The DHR began facing competition from buses operating on the Hill Cart Road which took less time than the railway to reach Darjeeling. In 1934, a major earthquake in Bihar shook all of Northeast India. Many buildings in Darjeeling were heavily damaged and the railway was also af... | 16,243 |
750443 | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Darjeeling%20Himalayan%20Railway | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
part of the North Eastern Railway zone in 1952, and part of Indian Railways' Northeast Frontier Railway zone six years later. In 1962, the railway was realigned at Siliguri and extended by nearly 4 miles (6 km) to New Jalpaiguri (NJP) to meet the new broad-gauge line there. The extension be... | 16,244 |
750443 | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Darjeeling%20Himalayan%20Railway | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
entrusted to the Ministry of Railways. The Northeast Frontier Railway documented the railway in a comprehensive register, and handles its day-to-day maintenance and management. Several programs, divisions and departments of Indian Railways are responsible for operating, maintaining and repa... | 16,245 |
750443 | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Darjeeling%20Himalayan%20Railway | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
the railway.
In 2002, No. 787 was rebuilt for oil firing on the same principle as that used on Nilgiri Mountain Railway No. 37395. A diesel-powered generator was fitted to operate the oil burner and an electrically-driven feed pump, and a diesel-powered compressor was fitted to power the b... | 16,246 |
750443 | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Darjeeling%20Himalayan%20Railway | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
March 2001, No. 794 was transferred to the Matheran Hill Railway for a "joy train" (a steam-hauled tourist train) on that railway. It entered service there in May 2002.
### Diesel.
Six diesel locomotives are in use: Nos. 600–605 of the NDM6 class.
## Past.
The DHR purchased the third Ga... | 16,247 |
750443 | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Darjeeling%20Himalayan%20Railway | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
the Leighton Buzzard Light Railway.
# Route.
The line follows Hill Cart Road, which is part of National Highway 110. The track is on the roadside for long stretches, and both track and road might be blocked by a rockslide. Since a length of the road is flanked with buildings, the railway ... | 16,248 |
750443 | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Darjeeling%20Himalayan%20Railway | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
(climbing a slope while doing so), it gains altitude along the side of the hill.
## Stations.
- New Jalpaiguri (NJP): New Jalpaiguri was the terminus of the 1964 southern extension to meet the new broad gauge line to Assam.
- Siliguri Town: The line's original southern terminus
- Siligu... | 16,249 |
750443 | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Darjeeling%20Himalayan%20Railway | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
flood damage in 1991 and the site is obscured by the forest.
- Rangtong: A short distance above Rangtong is a water tank, better positioned than at the station in terms of water supply and distance from other water tanks. Loop 2 was removed in 1942 after flood damage. A new reverse, No. 1,... | 16,250 |
750443 | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Darjeeling%20Himalayan%20Railway | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
Loop 4: Known as Agony Point, the loop has the line's tightest curve.
- Reverse No. 6: The last reverse on the climb
- Mahanadi
- Kurseong: Although a shed and several sidings are adjacent to the main line, the station proper is a dead end. Darjeeling-bound trains must back out of the st... | 16,251 |
750443 | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Darjeeling%20Himalayan%20Railway | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
connects Darjeeling to the rest of India.
- Ghum: Ghum, the line's summit, is India's highest station. The station building includes a first-floor museum, with larger exhibits in the old goods yard.
- Batasia Loop: The loop is from Darjeeling, below Ghum. There is a memorial to the Gorkha... | 16,252 |
750443 | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Darjeeling%20Himalayan%20Railway | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
here the metre gauge system ends and the two foot gauge of the Darjeeling-Himalayan railway begins, confirms what all these things hint at ... One steps into a railway carriage which might easily be mistaken for a toy, and the whimsical idea seizes hold of one that one has accidentally stum... | 16,253 |
750443 | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Darjeeling%20Himalayan%20Railway | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
of a giant spring running down when the control has been removed. Sometimes we cross our own track after completing the circuit of a cone, at others we zigzag backwards and forwards; but always we climb at a steady gradient — so steady that if one embarks in a trolley at Ghum, the highest p... | 16,254 |
750443 | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Darjeeling%20Himalayan%20Railway | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
of Darjeeling's identity.
## Film.
Several films have depicted the railway. Protagonist Rajesh Khanna sings "Mere Sapno Ki Rani" to heroine Sharmila Tagore, who is on the train, in the 1969 film "Aradhana". Other films which include the railway are "Barfi!", "Parineeta" and "Raju Ban Gaya... | 16,255 |
750443 | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Darjeeling%20Himalayan%20Railway | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
on Darjeeling Himalayan Railway was directed by Tarun Bhartiya. The series won the UK Royal Television Society Award in June 2010.
# See also.
- Darjeeling Mail
- Chowrasta Darjeeling
# Further reading.
- (Facsimile reprint. Originally published: Kurseong: Darjeeling Himalayan Railway,... | 16,256 |
750443 | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Darjeeling%20Himalayan%20Railway | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
ociety Award in June 2010.
# See also.
- Darjeeling Mail
- Chowrasta Darjeeling
# Further reading.
- (Facsimile reprint. Originally published: Kurseong: Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, 1921.)
- (Facsimile reprint of the 1st edition, originally published in 1896 by the Darjeeling Himalay... | 16,257 |
750499 | Battle of Harran | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Harran | Battle of Harran
Battle of Harran
The Battle of Harran took place on May 7, 1104 between the Crusader states of the Principality of Antioch and the County of Edessa, and the Seljuk Turks. It was the first major battle against the newfound Crusader states in the aftermath of the First Crusade, marking a key turning poi... | 16,258 |
750499 | Battle of Harran | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Harran | Battle of Harran
join with Baldwin and Joscelin of Courtenay, accompanied by Bernard of Valence the Patriarch of Antioch, Daimbert of Pisa the Patriarch of Jerusalem, and Benedict, the Archbishop of Edessa.
The Seljuks, under Jikirmish, governor of Mosul, and Sokman, the Artuqid lord of Mardin, gathered in the area of... | 16,259 |
750499 | Battle of Harran | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Harran | Battle of Harran
any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed.
The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of two days while Ralph of Cae... | 16,260 |
750499 | Battle of Harran | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Harran | Battle of Harran
the Antiochene right. Ralph of Caen says that the crusaders were caught unawares when the Seljuks turned to fight, so much so that Baldwin and Bohemond fought without armor.
During the battle itself, Baldwin's troops were completely routed, with Baldwin and Joscelin captured by the Turks. The Antioche... | 16,261 |
750499 | Battle of Harran | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Harran | Battle of Harran
of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or ... | 16,262 |
750499 | Battle of Harran | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Harran | Battle of Harran
agreed to it. Antioch was again crushed at the Battle of Ager Sanguinis in 1119; Edessa never really recovered and survived until 1144 but only because of divisions among the Muslims.
# Sources.
- Bernard S. Bachrach and David S. Bachrach, 2005. "The Gesta Tancredi of Ralph of Caen: A History of the ... | 16,263 |
750499 | Battle of Harran | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Harran | Battle of Harran
University of Tennessee Press, 1969.
- Heidemann, Stefan. "Die Renaissance der Städte in Nordsyrien und Nordmesopotamien: Städtische Entwicklung und wirtschaftliche Bedingungen in ar-Raqqa und Harran von der beduinischen Vorherrschaft bis zu den Seldschuken". Islamic History and Civilization: Studies ... | 16,264 |
750499 | Battle of Harran | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Harran | Battle of Harran
n: Studies and Texts 40, Leiden, 2002, p. 192-197.
- Jörgensen, Christer (2007), "Harran, 1104." In "Battles of the Crusades 1097-1444." Edited by Kelly Devries. London: Amber.
- "Armenia and the Crusades, Tenth to Twelfth Centuries: The Chronicle of Matthew of Edessa". Trans. Ara Edmond Dostourian. ... | 16,265 |
750496 | Richard Stilgoe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard%20Stilgoe | Richard Stilgoe
Richard Stilgoe
Sir Richard Henry Simpson Stilgoe (born 28 March 1943) is a British songwriter, lyricist and musician, and broadcaster who is best known for his humorous songs and frequent television appearances. His output includes collaborations with Andrew Lloyd Webber and Peter Skellern. He is also... | 16,266 |
750496 | Richard Stilgoe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard%20Stilgoe | Richard Stilgoe
the Orpheus Centre which offers performing arts experiences to young people with disabilities. In 2012, Stilgoe was knighted in the Queen's Birthday Honours for his extensive charitable work.
# Early life.
Stilgoe was born in Camberley, Surrey, on 28 March 1943. He was brought up in Liverpool, where, ... | 16,267 |
750496 | Richard Stilgoe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard%20Stilgoe | Richard Stilgoe
followed by Esther Rantzen's "That's Life!", a light-hearted consumer affairs programme for which he wrote comic songs satirising minor domestic misfortunes, often to the tune of "Oh! Mr Porter". One song was a satire on 'officials' who have, in the name of the song, "Statutory Right of Entry to your Ho... | 16,268 |
750496 | Richard Stilgoe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard%20Stilgoe | Richard Stilgoe
in the interval from words and musical notes called out by the audience. He has also written and presented BBC radio programmes, including "Hamburger Weekend", "Used Notes", "Stilgoe's Around", "Maestro" and "Richard Stilgoe's Traffic Jam Show" on BBC Radio 4.
In 1979 the BBC aired "Decision '79 Breakf... | 16,269 |
750496 | Richard Stilgoe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard%20Stilgoe | Richard Stilgoe
TVS was forced to use as studios and offices until its own purpose-built complex in Maidstone, Kent could be completed, and also until Southern's contract had expired. The song was aired as part of Southern's final broadcast on 31 December 1981, a retrospective programme titled "And It's Goodbye From Us... | 16,270 |
750496 | Richard Stilgoe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard%20Stilgoe | Richard Stilgoe
Christmas – or Gold, Frankenstein and Merv" – a one-off television programme in 1984, performed by Stilgoe and children from the Broom Leys Junior School Choir.
Stilgoe is a fan of anagrams and in 1980 he wrote "The Richard Stilgoe Letters; a Jumble of Anagrams", using characters made of anagrams of hi... | 16,271 |
750496 | Richard Stilgoe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard%20Stilgoe | Richard Stilgoe
lyrics. He also appeared on a satirical BBC TV show of the 1980s, "A Kick Up the Eighties".
Stilgoe wrote lyrics for Andrew Lloyd Webber's "Starlight Express" and collaborated with Charles Hart on the lyrics to "The Phantom of the Opera". He also wrote two musicals for schools: "Bodywork" and "Brillian... | 16,272 |
750496 | Richard Stilgoe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard%20Stilgoe | Richard Stilgoe
programme, "Looking Good, Feeling Fit".
# Charitable work.
In 1984, Stilgoe founded the Alchemy Foundation, which distributes money to good causes. The foundation is funded from Stilgoe's royalties from American productions of "Starlight Express" and "The Phantom of the Opera".
Stilgoe founded the Or... | 16,273 |
750496 | Richard Stilgoe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard%20Stilgoe | Richard Stilgoe
opportunities to those who need motivation or a second chance in life. The charity also runs a fund to help those facing hardship throughout Surrey.
# Personal life.
His son, Joe Stilgoe, is a jazz pianist and vocalist.
He was High Sheriff of Surrey in 1998–99, and is a Deputy Lieutenant. He became p... | 16,274 |
750496 | Richard Stilgoe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard%20Stilgoe | Richard Stilgoe
Surrey.
# Personal life.
His son, Joe Stilgoe, is a jazz pianist and vocalist.
He was High Sheriff of Surrey in 1998–99, and is a Deputy Lieutenant. He became president of Surrey County Cricket Club in 2005. He has also been president of the Lord's Taverners.
He owns Winifred Atwell's "other" piano,... | 16,275 |
750502 | Kin Shriner | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kin%20Shriner | Kin Shriner
Kin Shriner
Kin Shriner (born December 6, 1953) is an American actor, best known for his portrayal of Scott Baldwin on the ABC soap opera "General Hospital" and its spin-off "Port Charles".
# Early life.
Shriner and his twin brother, actor Wil Shriner, were born in New York City to the late Eileen "Pixie... | 16,276 |
750502 | Kin Shriner | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kin%20Shriner | Kin Shriner
role he is best known for playing. In the fall of 1980, he left "General Hospital" and immediately began playing Jeb Hampton on the NBC daytime soap opera "Texas". He left that role in 1981 and soon returned to "General Hospital", where he remained until 1983, returning again from 1987-1993. In between thos... | 16,277 |
750502 | Kin Shriner | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kin%20Shriner | Kin Shriner
New York - and featured many of the same characters. In 2000, Shriner returned to "General Hospital" and quit appearing on "Port Charles" the next year. He left "General Hospital" again in 2004, and in that year portrayed Harrison Bartlett on "The Young and the Restless". In 2005, he joined the cast of "As ... | 16,278 |
750502 | Kin Shriner | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kin%20Shriner | Kin Shriner
2011.
Outside of soap operas, Shriner has appeared on several primetime television programs, playing temporary roles beginning in 1976. In later years he guest starred on several programs such as ABC's top 10 sitcom "Full House".
## "General Hospital".
Shriner is best known for playing Scott Baldwin on "... | 16,279 |
750502 | Kin Shriner | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kin%20Shriner | Kin Shriner
scripted television program, in the same role, for five consecutive decades.
## "Port Charles".
Plans to spin off "General Hospital" were announced in December 1996. ABC had previously passed on the idea of a "GH" spin off proposed by former head writer, Claire Labine. Tentatively titled "GH2", the series... | 16,280 |
750502 | Kin Shriner | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kin%20Shriner | Kin Shriner
the fictional city where the series are set, and it would star Jon Lindstrom and Lynn Herring, playing their roles from "GH".
The series premiered with a two-hour prime time special that aired on June 1, 1997. It started in its regular timeslot, the following day, replacing the canceled "The City". The ser... | 16,281 |
750502 | Kin Shriner | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kin%20Shriner | Kin Shriner
), Gail Baldwin (Susan Brown), Lee Baldwin (Peter Hansen) and Karen Wexler (Jennifer Hammon). After the series premiered, it was unclear if Lindstrom, Herring, and Shriner would remain with the series. It was later confirmed the actors would stay on the show.
# Personal life.
Shriner is currently dating a... | 16,282 |
750518 | Cecelia Holland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cecelia%20Holland | Cecelia Holland
Cecelia Holland
Cecelia Holland is an American historical fiction novelist.
# Early life and education.
Holland was born December 31, 1943, in Henderson, Nevada. She grew up in Metuchen, New Jersey, where she started writing at age 12, recording the stories she made up for her own entertainment. From... | 16,283 |
750518 | Cecelia Holland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cecelia%20Holland | Cecelia Holland
and short story writer David Jackson. Jackson took a novel Holland wrote for his seminar to an editor at Atheneum, and her first novel, "The Firedrake", was published in 1966. She had just dropped out of graduate school at Columbia University to work as a clerk at Brentano's in Manhattan. Holland has be... | 16,284 |
750518 | Cecelia Holland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cecelia%20Holland | Cecelia Holland
sets Cecelia’s work apart in the genre is not just her productivity but also her versatility; she has the unique ability to make most any historical period her own.
She records the often harsh details of life in the distant—or recent—past and her depiction of it involves considerable research. Her char... | 16,285 |
750518 | Cecelia Holland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cecelia%20Holland | Cecelia Holland
feudal or tribal society.
In her medieval novels particularly, she makes her characters, including Huns and Mongols, speak in semi-colloquial English, apparently intended to give the reader the impression of listening in on a conversation in the speakers' own vernacular.
Most of her novels have grown ... | 16,286 |
750518 | Cecelia Holland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cecelia%20Holland | Cecelia Holland
were written "cold" as the result of requests by her editor. While she claims not to choose fictional settings because of their sparse usage by other writers, she has said, "I wouldn't dare do the Civil War, because it's so well known, every damn detail, it would be so stifling."
## Personal life.
As ... | 16,287 |
750466 | Opel Calibra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opel%20Calibra | Opel Calibra
Opel Calibra
The Opel Calibra is a coupé, engineered and produced by the German automaker Opel between 1989 and 1997. In the United Kingdom, where it remained on sale until 1999, it was marketed under the Vauxhall brand as the Vauxhall Calibra. It was also marketed as the Chevrolet Calibra in South Americ... | 16,288 |
750466 | Opel Calibra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opel%20Calibra | Opel Calibra
factory in Uusikaupunki, Finland, where production was consolidated in November 1995.
The Calibra was initially only available with front-wheel drive, but from November 1990, four wheel drive became available.
# Design.
The Opel Calibra was styled by GM's designer Wayne Cherry, and German designer Erhar... | 16,289 |
750466 | Opel Calibra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opel%20Calibra | Opel Calibra
some minor alterations to it.
When launched on 10 June 1989, the Calibra was the most aerodynamic production car in the world, with a drag coefficient (Cd) of "0.26". It remained the most aerodynamic mass production car for the next ten years, until the Honda Insight, along with the Audi A2, were launched... | 16,290 |
750466 | Opel Calibra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opel%20Calibra | Opel Calibra
drivers. However, in the United Kingdom, it failed to outsell the Rover 200 Coupé, which offered comparable performance, but without 4WD in the top of the range models.
In July 1990, after General Motors bought a stake in Saab, it was reported the Calibra would be badged as a Saab in the United States, bu... | 16,291 |
750466 | Opel Calibra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opel%20Calibra | Opel Calibra
the manufacturer badge migrated from its place atop the leading edge of the bonnet into the front grille. Throughout the production run, several special models were launched.
In the United Kingdom, this began with the 'Tickford' conversion in October 1991, however, only twenty six Calibra's were ever conv... | 16,292 |
750466 | Opel Calibra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opel%20Calibra | Opel Calibra
the German Touring Car Championship at the time. In other parts of Europe, special models included the "Keke Rosberg" edition, the "Cliff" edition, the "Colour" edition and "Last" edition. Some special models included a numbered plaque on the ashtray.
In September 1995, the Vectra A was replaced, but Cali... | 16,293 |
750466 | Opel Calibra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opel%20Calibra | Opel Calibra
C20NE) and a Cosworth designed 16 valve fuel injected (110 kW/150 bhp C20XE) four cylinder redtop petrol engines.
For 1992, a turbocharged 2.0 litre 16 valve engine (150 kW/204 bhp C20LET, the turbocharged version of the C20XE) was added to the range. With four wheel drive, a six speed Getrag manual trans... | 16,294 |
750466 | Opel Calibra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opel%20Calibra | Opel Calibra
litre V6 (C25XE or SE4) was introduced. Available with both manual and automatic transmissions, the V6 was not as fast as the Turbo, but was rather more civilised, and proved to be more reliable than the complex four wheel drive model. 1995 saw the introduction of the X20XEV "Ecotec" engine, a new version ... | 16,295 |
750466 | Opel Calibra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opel%20Calibra | Opel Calibra
(C20LET)
- 2.5 litre 24 valve DOHC "Ecotec" V6 – (1993–1997) (C25XE from 1994–1996; X25XE in 1997)
The last Calibra Turbos were produced in the beginning of 1997, before a final run of Calibra Turbo Limited Editions were rolled out. These were all finished in jet black paintwork with Irmscher spoiler, BB... | 16,296 |
750466 | Opel Calibra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opel%20Calibra | Opel Calibra
longitudinally instead of transversely. Early DTM cars were using a naturally aspirated Opel Cosworth 54 degree V6 engine, based on the production C25XE car engine. Power climbed from during the years (1993–1995).
Then in 1996, due to changes to the regulations of FIA, a newly developed engine was used in... | 16,297 |
750466 | Opel Calibra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opel%20Calibra | Opel Calibra
that actually never happened. The Calibra turbo was also rallied, albeit without any major successes. A Calibra finished ninth in the 1992 Sanremo Rallye, with Bruno Thiry at the wheel. This did make it the fastest car in the 1600 to 2000 cc class.
# Transmissions.
In addition to a four speed automatic t... | 16,298 |
750466 | Opel Calibra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opel%20Calibra | Opel Calibra
litre DOHC NA (i.e. C20NE, X20XEV)
- F20 – Fitted to early 2.0 litre DOHC NA (i.e. C20XE)
- F25 – Fitted to 2.5 litre NA (i.e. C25XE, X25XE)
- F28/6 – Fitted to 2.0 litre Turbo (i.e. C20LET)
The transfer gearbox in the AWD models — the same as used in the Vauxhall Cavalier AWD—was somewhat on the flims... | 16,299 |
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