wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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750466 | Opel Calibra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opel%20Calibra | Opel Calibra
ferent rates in normal driving, it was necessary to swap front with rear tyres every .
All four tyres had to be of the same make and model, and all four tyres had to be replaced at the same time — if one tyre was damaged or punctured, the three remaining good tyres also had to be replaced. In addition there were other maintenance requirements which were both exacting and unusual. Neglect of these points through ignorance or a misconceived attempt to save money was common, and was likely to lead to very expensive failures of the transfer gearbox.
# 2007 GTC Concept.
The Opel GTC Concept of March 2007 was linked to the "Calibra" name, but no production version resulted from the concept car. | 16,300 |
750544 | Big Gemini | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Big%20Gemini | Big Gemini
Big Gemini
Big Gemini (or "Big G") was proposed to NASA by McDonnell Douglas in August 1969 as an advanced version of the Gemini spacecraft system. It was intended to provide large-capacity, all-purpose access to space, including missions that ultimately used Apollo or the Space Shuttle.
The study was performed to generate a preliminary definition of a logistic spacecraft derived from Gemini that would be used to resupply an orbiting space station. Land-landing at a preselected site and refurbishment and reuse were design requirements. Two baseline spacecraft were defined: a nine-man minimum modification version of the Gemini B called "Min-Mod Big G" and a 12-man advanced concept, having the | 16,301 |
750544 | Big Gemini | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Big%20Gemini | Big Gemini
same exterior geometry but with new, state-of-the-art subsystems, called "Advanced Big G". Three launch vehicles-Saturn IB, Titan IIIM, and Saturn INT-20 (S-IC/S-IVB) were investigated for use with the spacecraft. The Saturn IB was discarded late in the study.
The spacecraft consisted of a crew module designed by extending the Gemini B exterior cone to a 419-cm-diameter heat shield and a cargo propulsion module. Recovery of the crew module would be effected by means of a gliding parachute (parawing). The parametric analysis and point design of the parawing were accomplished by Northrop- Ventura Company under a subcontract, and the contents of their final report were incorporated into the document. | 16,302 |
750544 | Big Gemini | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Big%20Gemini | Big Gemini
The landing attenuation of the spacecraft would be accomplished by a skid landing gear extended from the bottom of the crew module, allowing the crew to land in an upright position. The propulsion functions of transfer, rendezvous, attitude control, and retrograde would be performed by a single liquid propellant system, and launch escape would be provided by a large Apollo-type launch escape system.
In addition to the design analysis, operational support analysis and a program development plan were prepared.
# Specifications.
- Crew size: 9 to 12
- Length:
- Maximum diameter:
- Habitable volume:
- Mass:
- Payload:
- Launch vehicles: Titan 3M, Saturn IB, Saturn S-IC/S-IVB.
# See also.
- | 16,303 |
750544 | Big Gemini | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Big%20Gemini | Big Gemini
, and launch escape would be provided by a large Apollo-type launch escape system.
In addition to the design analysis, operational support analysis and a program development plan were prepared.
# Specifications.
- Crew size: 9 to 12
- Length:
- Maximum diameter:
- Habitable volume:
- Mass:
- Payload:
- Launch vehicles: Titan 3M, Saturn IB, Saturn S-IC/S-IVB.
# See also.
- NASA
- Project Gemini
- Blue Gemini
- Manned Orbital Laboratory
- Titan (rocket family)
- TKS - Soviet heavy resupply spacecraft with a similar hatch-through-heatshield design
- Zarya - Soviet "Big Soyuz" design
# External links.
- Big Gemini - Encyclopedia Astronautica
- NASA History Series Publications | 16,304 |
750513 | USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Samuel%20B.%20Roberts%20(FFG-58) | USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58)
USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58)
USS "Samuel B. Roberts" (FFG-58) is one of the final ships in the United States Navy's of guided missile frigates (FFG). Commissioned in 1986, the ship was severely damaged by an Iranian mine in 1988, leading U.S. forces to respond with Operation Praying Mantis. Repaired and returned to duty, the ship served until decommissioned in 2015.
# Commissioning and namesake.
The frigate was named for Samuel B. Roberts, a Navy coxswain who was killed while evacuating the U.S. Marines during the battle of Guadalcanal in 1942. Roberts was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross.
"Samuel B. Roberts" was the third U.S. ship to bear the coxswain's name, after , a , commissioned | 16,305 |
750513 | USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Samuel%20B.%20Roberts%20(FFG-58) | USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58)
in 1944 and sunk in the Battle off Samar later that year; and , a , commissioned in 1946 and struck in 1970.
"Samuel B. Roberts" was launched in December 1984 by Bath Iron Works, Bath, Maine and sponsored by the wife of Jack Yusen, a member of DE-413's crew. The frigate was put in commission in April 1986 under the command of Commander Paul X. Rinn.
# 1988 deployment and mine strike.
"Samuel B. Roberts" deployed from her home port in Newport, Rhode Island, in January 1988, heading for the Persian Gulf to participate in Operation Earnest Will, the escort of reflagged Kuwaiti tankers during the Iran–Iraq War. "Samuel B. Roberts" had arrived in the Persian Gulf and was heading for a refueling | 16,306 |
750513 | USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Samuel%20B.%20Roberts%20(FFG-58) | USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58)
rendezvous with on 14 April when the ship struck an M-08 naval mine in the central Persian Gulf, an area she had safely transited a few days earlier. The mine blew a hole in the hull, flooded the engine room, and knocked the two gas turbines from their mounts. The blast also broke the keel of the ship; such structural damage is almost always fatal to most vessels. The crew fought fire and flooding for five hours and saved the ship. Among other steps, sailors cinched cables on the cracked superstructure in an effort to stabilize it. She used her auxiliary thrusters to get out of the mine field at . According to "How We Fight", by the US Naval War College, the ship never lost combat capability | 16,307 |
750513 | USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Samuel%20B.%20Roberts%20(FFG-58) | USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58)
with her radars and Mk13 missile launcher. However, according to "No Higher Honor" by Bradley Peniston, the ship lost power for at least five minutes. After power was lost, the radars were disconnected to allow restoration of the power grid. The ship lost track of an Sa'am frigate and an Iranian P-3 that it had been monitoring. Ten sailors were medevaced by HC-5 CH-46s embarked on "San Jose" for injuries sustained in the blast; six returned to "Samuel B. Roberts" in a day or so. Four burn victims were sent for treatment to a military hospital in Germany, and eventually to medical facilities in the United States.
When U.S. divers recovered several unexploded mines, they found that their serial | 16,308 |
750513 | USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Samuel%20B.%20Roberts%20(FFG-58) | USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58)
numbers matched the sequence on mines seized the previous September aboard an Iranian mine-layer named . Four days later, U.S. forces retaliated against Iran in Operation Praying Mantis, a one-day campaign that was the largest American surface engagement since World War II. U.S. ships, aircraft, and troops destroyed two Iranian oil platforms allegedly used to control Iranian naval forces in the Persian Gulf, sank one Iranian frigate, damaged another, and sank at least three armed high-speed boats. The U.S. lost one Marine helicopter and its crew of two airmen in what appeared to be a night maneuver accident rather than a result of hostile operations.
# Repairs.
On 27 June 1988, "Samuel B. | 16,309 |
750513 | USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Samuel%20B.%20Roberts%20(FFG-58) | USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58)
Roberts" was loaded onto , a semi-submersible heavy lift ship owned by Dutch shipping firm Wijsmuller Transport and carried back to Newport for $1.3 million. The frigate arrived at BIW's Portland, Maine, yard on 6 October 1988 for repairs. The repair job was unique: the entire engine room was cut out of the hull, and a 315-ton replacement module was jacked up and welded into place. She undocked 1 April 1989 for sea trials.
The repairs were completed three weeks ahead of schedule at a cost of $89.5 million, $3.5 million less than expected. By comparison, , which was damaged by a moored mine during the 1991 Gulf War, was repaired for $24 million; however, the cruiser was not directly struck by | 16,310 |
750513 | USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Samuel%20B.%20Roberts%20(FFG-58) | USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58)
the mine and her displacement is nearly twice that of "Samuel B. Roberts". The mine that nearly sank "Samuel B. Roberts" had an estimated cost of $1,500.
After 13 months of repairs, "Samuel B. Roberts" was returned to service in a 16 October 1989 ceremony.
# After repair.
"Samuel B. Roberts" made her second deployment in 1990 for Operation Desert Storm and Operation Desert Shield. The frigate operated as part of the Red Sea Maritime Interception Force, an international force of ships that enforced U.N. sanctions against Iraq. The frigate's sailors boarded more than 100 merchant ships in efforts to prevent cargo shipments to or from Iraq. On 28 March 1991, she returned to Newport.
""Sammy | 16,311 |
750513 | USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Samuel%20B.%20Roberts%20(FFG-58) | USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58)
B"", as the ship is sometimes called, was later homeported in Mayport, Florida.
On 30 August 1991, Joseph A. Sestak took command of "Samuel B. Roberts", which was named the Atlantic Fleet's best surface combatant in the 1993 Battenberg Cup competition.
"Samuel B. Roberts" was decommissioned at Mayport on 22 May 2015, then towed to the Naval Inactive Ship Maintenance Facility in Philadelphia. The ship is slated to be dismantled.
# References.
Annati, Massimo "Al diavolo le mine" RID magazine, Coop. Riviera Ligure, Italy, n. 6/2005
# External links.
- USS "Samuel B. Roberts" official site
- "Samuel B. Roberts" narrative and timeline
- Photos of "Samuel B. Roberts" during February 1986 | 16,312 |
750513 | USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS%20Samuel%20B.%20Roberts%20(FFG-58) | USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58)
ition.
"Samuel B. Roberts" was decommissioned at Mayport on 22 May 2015, then towed to the Naval Inactive Ship Maintenance Facility in Philadelphia. The ship is slated to be dismantled.
# References.
Annati, Massimo "Al diavolo le mine" RID magazine, Coop. Riviera Ligure, Italy, n. 6/2005
# External links.
- USS "Samuel B. Roberts" official site
- "Samuel B. Roberts" narrative and timeline
- Photos of "Samuel B. Roberts" during February 1986 sea trials
- Photos of "Samuel B. Roberts" being commissioned in April 1986
- Photos of "Samuel B. Roberts" being hauled from the Persian Gulf to Newport, R.I. aboard "Mighty Servant 2" in 1988
- MaritimeQuest USS Samuel B. Roberts FFG-58 pages | 16,313 |
750541 | Alfa Romeo 147 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfa%20Romeo%20147 | Alfa Romeo 147
Alfa Romeo 147
The Alfa Romeo 147 (Type 937) is a small family car produced by the Italian automaker Alfa Romeo from 2000 to 2010. The 147 was voted European Car of the Year in 2001.
The 147 was launched at the Turin Motor Show in June 2000 as a replacement for the Alfa Romeo 145 and 146 hatchbacks, and is based on the running gear of the larger 156 saloon. It was sold with 1.6, 2.0, and 3.2 litre petrol engines, and a 1.9 litre diesel engine. A sequential, paddle operated 'Selespeed' transmission was available from launch.
Two trim levels were available, Turismo and Lusso. The 147 was the first Alfa Romeo to have dual zone climate control and electronic traction control. The model was in | 16,314 |
750541 | Alfa Romeo 147 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfa%20Romeo%20147 | Alfa Romeo 147
production for ten years, making it one of the oldest small family cars on sale in Europe at the time of its replacement by the Alfa Romeo Giulietta in the end of May 2010. In total, around 580,000 cars were made.
# Styling.
The 147 was designed by Walter de'Silva and Wolfgang Egger. The 147 received praise for its styling on launch, later it won styling awards. The 147 range was revamped in 2004, with the exterior styling changed to resemble the new 159 and Brera models, and Alfa Romeo Visconti concept car. The 147 had a drag coefficient ("C") of 0.32.
# Launch.
During 1999, Alfa Romeo confirmed that it would soon be replacing its 145/146 hatchbacks with an all new model, which was unveiled | 16,315 |
750541 | Alfa Romeo 147 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfa%20Romeo%20147 | Alfa Romeo 147
as the 147 at the Turin Motor Show in June 2000, with the first customers taking delivery of their cars in October 2000 on the markets for left hand drive, and the right hand drive versions for the United Kingdom going on sale within a month later. Shortly after its launch, it was voted European Car of the Year, narrowly beating the new Ford Mondeo to the accolade.
# Development.
The 147 was facelifted in the end of 2004: new front grille, new headlights, new rear lights and the interior was changed on all models besides the GTA version. A more powerful diesel engine arrived and suspension was also tweaked.
In 2006, the 147 1.9 JTD Q2 version was launched with a front Torsen limited slip | 16,316 |
750541 | Alfa Romeo 147 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfa%20Romeo%20147 | Alfa Romeo 147
differential. Alfa Romeo presented a new limited edition 147 called "Ducati Corse" at the 2007 Bologna Motor Show. The car had a JTD diesel engine and Q2, a front Torsen limited slip differential.
The 147 was replaced by the Giulietta in May 2010.
## High performance versions.
The hot hatch 147 GTA model was launched in 2002. The GTA used a 3.2 V6 engine, produced and had a top speed of . It has a widened body (15 mm at each side) to accommodate the 225/45R17 tyres.
Most models have six speed manual transmissions; whilst a smaller number of other models use the semi automatic Selespeed system. In total, 5,029 147 GTAs were built, 1004 of which were Selespeeds.
London based after market | 16,317 |
750541 | Alfa Romeo 147 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfa%20Romeo%20147 | Alfa Romeo 147
tuner Autodelta has produced a "bored out" version of the GTA, sporting a 3.7 litre V6, producing , and a split axle differential gear for the front wheels. Autodelta has also made a Rotrex supercharged version, producing .
# Connect.
Connect is an on board information system: an on board telematic system located in the central console that via its monitor gave access to satellite navigation and hands free GSM phone as well as allowing the user to adjust radio and CD player settings. If subscribed to the CONNECT system, by simply pressing a green button, the user was connected directly to a member of the service team for assistance.
# Reception.
The handling of 147 was praised in some reviews, | 16,318 |
750541 | Alfa Romeo 147 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfa%20Romeo%20147 | Alfa Romeo 147
in spite of criticism regarding the light (sensitive) steering, which makes some drivers feel less involved. However, light steering does help during parking maneuvers. Other criticisms of the 147 included a cumbersome gearshift, unsupportive seats and the lack of interior space compared to its rivals.
The car was noted for its engine pleasant engine note. The 147 suffers from fairly poor resale value in Great Britain.
The 147 GTA and 147 Autodelta GTA have been road tested by Jeremy Clarkson, and featured on television show "Top Gear", with a power lap around the track by The Stig. In his review of Autodelta 147 GTA car for "The Sunday Times," Clarkson described the acceleration as "Ferrari | 16,319 |
750541 | Alfa Romeo 147 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfa%20Romeo%20147 | Alfa Romeo 147
throttle? Forget it. When you stamp on the accelerator it's like you've hit the Millennium Falcon's hyperdrive.
Suddenly all the stars are fluorescent tubes" and the handling as "...A corner was coming. And then it was a distant speck in my rear view mirror. I vaguely remember turning the wheel and I have a dim recollection of being astounded by the grip...and then the moment was gone. No, really, the damn thing is a barnacle...".
## Awards.
The Alfa Romeo 147 won over twenty awards including:
- The European Car of the Year in 2001;
- Das Goldene Lenkrad ("The golden steering wheel", BILD am SONNTAG – Germany) in 2000;
- Auto Europa 1 (Panel of engineers, drivers and journalists headed | 16,320 |
750541 | Alfa Romeo 147 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfa%20Romeo%20147 | Alfa Romeo 147
by Auto Bild – Germany) in 2001;
- Trophées du design ("Automobile Magazine" – France) in 2000; and
- Carro Importado do Ano no Brasil – (Brazil Import Car of the Year) in 2002.
# Motorsport.
In Europe, there was a one car racing series, European Alfa 147 Challenge for Alfa 147 Cup race cars starting from 2003. In 2005, this series was driven alongside with World Touring Car Championship, winner of the season of 2005 was Irish driver Eoin Murray. The car used on the series was Alfa 147 GTA Cup producing from its straight-4 1970 cc Twin Spark engine.
Alfa Romeo 147 2.0 TS (200 bhp) is used by Czech rally driver Martin Rada, finishing second in N3 group (21st in total) on Rally Monte Carlo | 16,321 |
750541 | Alfa Romeo 147 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfa%20Romeo%20147 | Alfa Romeo 147
ht-4 1970 cc Twin Spark engine.
Alfa Romeo 147 2.0 TS (200 bhp) is used by Czech rally driver Martin Rada, finishing second in N3 group (21st in total) on Rally Monte Carlo in 2009, and later finishing first in group 8 on Rally Monte Carlo 2012 (42nd in total)
The 147 also competed, briefly, in the British Touring Car Championship in 2001 with the JSM team, with a best finish of 3rd at Oulton Park, thanks to driver/team owner Tim Harvey. The car won the 2003 and 2004 Italian Superturismo Championship, and won the Super Production class of the 2005 European Touring Car Cup with driver Lorenzo Falessi.
# External links.
- Internet Movie Cars Database: Alfa Romeo 147 in movies and TV series | 16,322 |
750557 | 1734 in music | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1734%20in%20music | 1734 in music
1734 in music
This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1734.
# Events.
- March 29 – Louis-Gabriel Guillemain becomes first violinist at the Royal Academy in Dijon.
- April 23 – Johann Sebastian Bach gives the Leipzig première of Gottfried Heinrich Stölzel's Passion Oratorio "Ein Lämmlein geht und trägt die Schuld" at St. Thomas Church, Leipzig.
- The subscription company called the Royal Academy of Music is wound up as a result of difficulties including arguments between Handel and his singers.
- Approximate date of the William Dixon manuscript of music for the Border pipes.
# Classical music.
- Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach – Harpsichord Concerto in E-flat major, | 16,323 |
750557 | 1734 in music | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1734%20in%20music | 1734 in music
H.404
- Johann Michael Bach – "Fürchtet euch nicht"
- Johann Sebastian Bach – "3 Choräle zu Trauungen", BWV 250–252
- Antonio Caldara – "Il giuoco del quadriglio"
- Christoph Graupner
- "Ouverture in G major", GWV 466
- "Tut Busse und lasse sich ein jeglicher", GWV 1104/34
- "Herr, die Wasserströme erheben sich", GWV 1115/34
- George Frideric Handel – Antiphons, HWV 269–274
- Johann Adolf Hasse – "Il cantico de' tre fanciulli"
- Giovanni Battista Martini – "Litaniae atque antlphonae finales B. V. Mariae"
- Johann Joachim Quantz – 6 Flute Sonatas, RISM Q.19
- Georg Reutter – "La Betulia liberata"
- Georg Philipp Telemann
- "6 Concerts et 6 Suites"
- "Pyrmonter Kurwoche"
- "12 | 16,324 |
750557 | 1734 in music | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1734%20in%20music | 1734 in music
Solos à violon ou traversiere avec la basse chiffrée"
- Antonio Vivaldi
- Violin Concerto in C major, RV 177
- "Vengo a voi, luci adorate", RV 682
# Opera.
- Francesco Araia – "La forza dell'amore e dell'odio"
- Riccardo Broschi – "Artaserse" (collaboration with Hasse, Ariosti)
- Antonio Caldara
- "La Clemenza di Tito"
- "Le Lodi d'Augusto"
- Giovanni Battista Costanzi – "La Flora"
- Geminiano Giacomelli – "Merope"
- George Frideric Handel
- "Il pastor fido", HWV 8b/c (revised from the 1712 version)
- "Arianna in Creta", HWV 32 (premiered)
- "Ariodante", HWV 33
- "Parnasso in festa", HWV 73 (Serenade)
- Johann Adolf Hasse – "Larinda e Vanesio" (intermezzo)
- Giovanni Battista | 16,325 |
750557 | 1734 in music | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1734%20in%20music | 1734 in music
Pergolesi – "Adriano in Siria"
- Antonio Vivaldi – "L'Olimpiade"
- Various – "Siface" (inc. work from Giuseppe Sellitto, Nicola Antonio Porpora, Leonardo Vinci, Geminiano Giacomelli, Johann Adolph Hasse)
# Publications.
- Johann Sebastian Bach – 149 Chorales, D-LEb Peters Ms. R 18
- Joseph Bodin de Boismortier
- "6 Sonates dont la derniere est en trio", Op. 50
- 6 Sonatas for Flute and Violin, Op. 51
- "4 Balets de village en trio", Op. 52
- Michel Corrette – "Premier Livre de Pièces pour le Clavecin", Op. 12
- Jean-François Dandrieu – "Pieces de clavecin", Book 3
- Pierre Février – "Pièces de clavecin, Livre 1"
- George Frideric Handel – Op. 3, 6 concerti grossi (London: John Walsh)
- | 16,326 |
750557 | 1734 in music | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1734%20in%20music | 1734 in music
Jean-Marie Leclair – 12 Violin Sonatas, Op. 5
- Johann Melchior Molter – Sonata grossa in D major, MWV 4.5
- Jean-Joseph Cassanéa de Mondonville – 6 Trio Sonatas, Op. 2
- Jean-Baptiste Morin – "La chasse du cerf"
- Giovanni Battista Somis – 12 Violin Sonatas, Op. 6
- Giuseppe Tartini – Violin Sonatas, Op. 1
- Georg Philipp Telemann – "Verzeichniß der Telemannischen Musikalischen Werke"
- Carlo Tessarini – "Il maestro e discepolo", Op. 2
# Births.
- January 17 – François-Joseph Gossec (died 1829)
- February 20 – Franz Ignaz Beck (died 1809)
- March 18 – Joseph Schmitt (died 1791)
- April 19 – Karl von Ordoñez, composer (died 1786)
- May 28 – Christoph Sonnleithner (died 1786)
- | 16,327 |
750557 | 1734 in music | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1734%20in%20music | 1734 in music
June 19 – Alphonse du Congé Dubreuil (died 1801)
- June 28 – Jean-Jacques Beauvarlet-Charpentier, organist and composer (died 1794)
- July 15 – Johann Ernst Altenburg (died 1801)
- July 20 – Jean-Henri Naderman (died 1799)
- July 23 – Antonio Maria Gaspare Sacchini, composer (died 1786)
- August 16 – Jean-Baptiste-Louis-Théodore de Tschudi (died 1784)
- September 5 – Jean-Benjamin de Laborde (died 1794)
- September 25 – Louis-René-Édouard de Rohan (died 1803)
- December 18 – Jean-Baptiste Rey, conductor and composer (died 1810)
- December 27 – Stephen Paxton (died 1787)
- December 31 – Claude Joseph Dorat (died 1780)
- "date unknown" – Benjamin Cooke, organist, composer and teacher | 16,328 |
750557 | 1734 in music | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1734%20in%20music | 1734 in music
-Édouard de Rohan (died 1803)
- December 18 – Jean-Baptiste Rey, conductor and composer (died 1810)
- December 27 – Stephen Paxton (died 1787)
- December 31 – Claude Joseph Dorat (died 1780)
- "date unknown" – Benjamin Cooke, organist, composer and teacher (died 1793)
# Deaths.
- February 25 – Marianna Bulgarelli, operatic soprano (born c. 1684)
- April 1 – Louis Lully (born 1664)
- April 30 – Grzegorz Gerwazy Gorczycki (born c. 1665)
- May 24 – Georg Ernst Stahl (born 1659)
- June 13 – Nicolaus Vetter, organist and composer (born 1666)
- October 6 – Gottfried Reiche, trumpet player and composer (born 1667)
- "date unknown" – Obadiah Shuttleworth, violinist, organist and composer | 16,329 |
750525 | Latin Patriarchate of Antioch | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latin%20Patriarchate%20of%20Antioch | Latin Patriarchate of Antioch
Latin Patriarchate of Antioch
The Latin Patriarch of Antioch was a religious office of the Latin Church of the Catholic Church created in 1098 by Bohemond, founder of the Principality of Antioch, one of the crusader states.
The jurisdiction of the Latin patriarchs in Antioch extended over the three feudal principalities of Antioch, Edessa, and Tripolis. Towards the end of the twelfth century the island of Cyprus was added. In practice they were far more dependent upon the popes than their predecessors, the Greek patriarchs. After the fall of Antioch (1268) the popes still appointed patriarchs, who, however, were unable to take possession of the see. Since the middle of the fourteenth century | 16,330 |
750525 | Latin Patriarchate of Antioch | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latin%20Patriarchate%20of%20Antioch | Latin Patriarchate of Antioch
they were only titular dignitaries. The title of Latin Patriarch of Antioch was conferred until the early 1950s; but the recipient resided in Rome and was a member of the chapter of the basilica of St. Mary Major. The Basilica of St. Mary Major was the Antioch patriarchium, or papal major basilicas assigned to the Patriarch of Antioch to officiated if they came to Rome, near which they dwelt.
# Background.
The seat of the Patriarch of Antioch was one of the oldest and most prestigious in Christendom. At one time it was the principal city of Syria; the third largest city of the Roman Empire, after Rome and Alexandria. When the Great Schism took place in 1054, the four Greek Patriarchs of Antioch, | 16,331 |
750525 | Latin Patriarchate of Antioch | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latin%20Patriarchate%20of%20Antioch | Latin Patriarchate of Antioch
Jerusalem, Constantinople and Alexandria "formed" the Eastern Orthodox Church, while the Pope of Rome "formed" the Roman Catholic Church. ("formed" is used in quotations because neither side started anything new after the schism and both continued unaltered and the same as they did pre-schism - the Western Church being under the jurisdiction of Rome, and the Greek Church under the jurisdiction of Constantinople.)
After 1054, the See of Antioch came under the influence of the Byzantine Empire. As part of his grand strategy, the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sought to utilize the military elan and prowess of the Frankish and European princes of the First Crusade in recovering for him the | 16,332 |
750525 | Latin Patriarchate of Antioch | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latin%20Patriarchate%20of%20Antioch | Latin Patriarchate of Antioch
Eastern Roman Empire, including Antioch and its See.
However, after the Siege of Antioch in 1098, Bohemond refused to submit Antioch to Byzantine rule and set himself up as Prince of Antioch.
# History.
The crusaders reinstated at first the Greek patriarch, then John IV as long as the Orthodox patriarch remained there they tried to make him a Catholic instead of appointing a rival. However, when at last he fled to Constantinople they considered the see vacant. Thereupon the Latin Christians elected (1100) a patriarch of their own, an ecclesiastic by the name of Bernard who had come to the Orient with the crusaders. From that time Antioch had its Latin patriarchs until the last incumbent Christian | 16,333 |
750525 | Latin Patriarchate of Antioch | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latin%20Patriarchate%20of%20Antioch | Latin Patriarchate of Antioch
was put to death by the Sultan Baibars during the conquest of the city in 1268. The Greeks also continued to choose their patriarchs of Antioch, but these lived generally in Constantinople.
The Byzantine Empire was greatly offended by this and tried to re-establish either a Greek patriarchate or a joint patriarchate. Though the Treaty of Devol in 1108 nominally restored a Greek patriarch, the treaty was never enforced. Under Manuel I Komnenos there was briefly a joint patriarchate when Antioch fell under Byzantine control, but for the most part there was only a Latin patriarch. The Byzantine Empire recognized this de facto control of the See of Antioch and the Latin Patriarch soon played a | 16,334 |
750525 | Latin Patriarchate of Antioch | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latin%20Patriarchate%20of%20Antioch | Latin Patriarchate of Antioch
key role in solidifying ties between the Crusader states and the Byzantine Empire. This represented one of the sole instances of coordinated action by Byzantine and the Franks throughout the crusader period, and led to a number of joint political, diplomatic, military, and marriage alliances. The Latin Patriarch of Antioch was established to serve the Catholic members of the diocese and represent all Christians living in its territory and was one of the major ecclesiastical authorities in the Crusader states. Throughout the Crusader period both Greeks and Latins served under its hierarchy which included numerous suffragan bishops, abbots, cathedrals, monasteries, and churches under its ecclesiastical | 16,335 |
750525 | Latin Patriarchate of Antioch | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latin%20Patriarchate%20of%20Antioch | Latin Patriarchate of Antioch
rule. Damascus quickly grew in dominance, eclipsing Antioch, and the Greek Patriarchate's seat was transferred there in 1342.
Both Latin and Greek Patriarchs continued to be appointed by the Pope and the Byzantine Emperor respectively during the following centuries. However, the Latin Patriarch was a titular office, with its seat at the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome. It continued to play a role in helping to protect various isolated Christian communities in the Near East and eventually secured their unity with Rome. The last holder of this office was Roberto Vicentini, who died without a successor in 1953. The post itself was abolished in 1964.
# List of Latin religious heads of | 16,336 |
750525 | Latin Patriarchate of Antioch | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latin%20Patriarchate%20of%20Antioch | Latin Patriarchate of Antioch
Antioch.
- Peter I of Narbonne (1098–1100) (Bishop of Albara, ordained by John, the Greek Patriarch
## Latin Patriarchs of Antioch.
- Bernard of Valence (1100–1135)
- Ralph I of Domfront (1135–1139)
- Aimery of Limoges (1139–1193)
- Ralph II (1193–1196)
- Peter of Angoulême (1196–1208)
- Peter of Ivrea (1209–1217) (also mentioned as Peter of Locedio, who probably was another Cistercian monk confused by Alberic of Trois Fontaines to be the same person)
- "vacant" (1217–1226)
- Albert Rezzato (1226–1245)
- Opizo Fieschi (1247–1292), in exile after 1268
## Titular Latin Patriarchs of Antioch.
- "unknown"
- Gerardus Odonis (1342–1349)
- Pedro Amariz (Pedro Clasquerin) (1375–1380 Died)
- | 16,337 |
750525 | Latin Patriarchate of Antioch | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latin%20Patriarchate%20of%20Antioch | Latin Patriarchate of Antioch
(1397–1416)
- Ludovico (1476)
- Gerard de Crussol (Bastet de Crussol) (1471–1472 Died)
- Lorenzo Zanni (Lorenzo Zane) (1473–1485 Died)
- Giovanni Michiel (1497–1503 Died)
- Alfonso Carafa (bishop) (1504–1505)
- St. Juan de Ribera (1568–1611 Died)
- Tomás Dávalos de Aragón (1611– 1621 Died)
- Luigi Caetani (1622–1626)
- Giovanni Battista Pamphili (1626–1629), later Pope Innocent X of Rome
- Cesare Monti (1629–1633)
- Fabio Lagonissa (1634–1652)
- "unknown"
- Giacomo Altoviti (1667–1693)
- Michelangelo Mattei (1693–1699)
- Charles Thomas Maillard de Tournon (1701–1710)
- Giberto Bartolomeo Borromeo (1711–1717)
- Filippo Anastasio (1724–1735)
- Joaquín Fernández Portocarrero (1735–1760?)
- | 16,338 |
750525 | Latin Patriarchate of Antioch | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latin%20Patriarchate%20of%20Antioch | Latin Patriarchate of Antioch
Giulio Maria della Somaglia (1788–1795)
- "unknown"
- Antonio Despuig y Dameto (1799–1813)
- "vacant" (1813–1822)
- Lorenzo Girolamo Mattei (1822–1833)
- "unknown" – possibly Fabio Maria Asquini listed as the Titular Archbishop of Tarsus (Antioch) from 1837 and was later Latin Patriarch of Constantinople.
- Albert Barbolani di Montauto (1856–1857)
- Iosephus Melchiades Ferlisi (1858–1860, became titular Latin Patriarch of Constantinople
- "vacant" (1860–1862)
- Carolus Belgrado (1862–1866)
- Paulus Brunoni (1868–1877)
- "vacant" (1877–1879)
- Petrus De Villanova (1879–1881)
- Placidus Ralli (1882–1884)
- "vacant" (1884–1886)
- Vencentius Tizzani (1886–1892)
- "vacant" (1892–1895)
- | 16,339 |
750525 | Latin Patriarchate of Antioch | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latin%20Patriarchate%20of%20Antioch | Latin Patriarchate of Antioch
884)
- "vacant" (1884–1886)
- Vencentius Tizzani (1886–1892)
- "vacant" (1892–1895)
- Francesco di Paola Cassetta (1895–1899)
- Carlo Nocella (1899–1901), died 1903, became titular Latin Patriarch of Constantinople.
- Lorenzo Passarini (1901–1915)
- Ladislao Michele Zaleski (1916–1925)
- Roberto Vicentini (1925–1953)
- "vacant" (1953–1964)
"This patriarchate was officially abolished in 1964."
# See also.
- List of Popes
- Patriarchate of Antioch
- Latin Patriarchate of Alexandria
- Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople
- Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem
- Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Apamea
# Sources and external links.
- List of Latin Patriarchs of Antioch by GCatholic.org | 16,340 |
750550 | Council of Piacenza | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Council%20of%20Piacenza | Council of Piacenza
Council of Piacenza
The Council of Piacenza was a mixed synod of ecclesiastics and laymen of the Roman Catholic Church, which took place from March 1 to March 7, 1095, at Piacenza.
The Council was held at the end of Pope Urban II's tour of Italy and France, which he made to reassert his authority after the investiture controversy with Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. Two hundred bishops attended, as well as 4000 other church officials, and 30,000 laymen; there were so many people that the council had to be held outside of the city.
# Attendants.
Among the lay attendees was Eupraxia of Kiev, a daughter of Vsevolod I, Prince of Kiev. She met with Pope Urban II, and on his urgings Eupraxia made | 16,341 |
750550 | Council of Piacenza | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Council%20of%20Piacenza | Council of Piacenza
a public confession before the church council. Henry, she claimed, held her against her will, forced her into orgies, offered her to his son Conrad, and attempted to use her in a black mass. These accusations were confirmed in turn by Conrad, who stated that this was the reason he turned against his father.
Also in attendance were ambassadors from Philip I of France, who came to appeal Philip's recent excommunication over his illegal divorce and remarriage to Bertrade de Montfort: Philip was given until Pentecost to rectify his situation. The rest of the business of the council expressed fairly typical church concerns: there were at least 15 canons published during the council, including a | 16,342 |
750550 | Council of Piacenza | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Council%20of%20Piacenza | Council of Piacenza
condemnation of the Berengarian heresy; a condemnation of the Nicolaitan heresy; an affirmation of the presence of Christ in the Eucharist; denunciations of the Antipope Clement III and his supporters; and a prohibition of payment to priests for baptisms, burials, or confirmations.
# Condemnation of Simony.
One of Urban II's greatest achievements at Piacenza was the depth of detail of his Canons, in particular Canons 1 through 7 legislating universal condemnation of 'simony': the practice of building to acquire, and acquiring via purchasing, position, or ordination, within the Church. Ecclesiastical appointments stained by simony were decreed to be invalid and powerless. However, a temperate | 16,343 |
750550 | Council of Piacenza | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Council%20of%20Piacenza | Council of Piacenza
attitude was shown to those ordained by simoniacs who were not simoniacs themselves, and had no prior knowledge that the person ordaining them had no actual ecclesiastical authority to do so. Likewise, churches purchased by parents for their children were allowed to remain within the order; as were children so-ordained, but with "benefices" (official financial support from Rome) removed.
# Byzantine request.
In hindsight, the most important attendees were the ambassadors sent by Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus. Alexius had been excommunicated by Gregory VII, and been through a series of reinstatements in the Church, but Urban had ultimately lifted the excommunication when he became pope | 16,344 |
750550 | Council of Piacenza | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Council%20of%20Piacenza | Council of Piacenza
in 1088, and relations between the east and west were at least temporarily friendly. The Byzantine Empire had lost much of its territory in Asia Minor to the Seljuk Turks in the aftermath of the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, and Alexius hoped western knights could help him restore it. Upon hearing the Byzantine ambassadors' plea, Urban asked those present to lend aid to the Byzantine Emperor. However it is likely that Urban may have had some idea of an expedition to the East before Alexius's request, as Gregory VII had also called twice for one, but to no avail.
# Chronicler.
Most of the information about the Council of Piacenza comes from the chronicler Bernold of Constance, who may or may | 16,345 |
750550 | Council of Piacenza | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Council%20of%20Piacenza | Council of Piacenza
assadors' plea, Urban asked those present to lend aid to the Byzantine Emperor. However it is likely that Urban may have had some idea of an expedition to the East before Alexius's request, as Gregory VII had also called twice for one, but to no avail.
# Chronicler.
Most of the information about the Council of Piacenza comes from the chronicler Bernold of Constance, who may or may not have been present. No extant contemporary Byzantine sources felt the ambassadors were important enough to mention, although many Byzantine sources from this time no longer exist. For example, the council is mentioned by the 13th century chronicler Theodore Skoutariotes, who quotes now-lost contemporary works. | 16,346 |
750552 | Oscar Bonavena | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oscar%20Bonavena | Oscar Bonavena
Oscar Bonavena
Oscar Natalio "Ringo" Bonavena (September 25, 1942 – May 22, 1976) was an Argentine heavyweight professional boxer with a career record of 58 wins, 9 losses and 1 draw. A rugged, wild-swinging puncher, he was nicknamed "Ringo" because of his Beatles haircut, and enjoyed professional success in both Argentina and the United States. He is remembered for giving Joe Frazier and Muhammad Ali hard fought bouts.
# Life and pro career.
Oscar Natalio Bonavena was born in Buenos Aires to two Italian immigrants. He was a professional boxer, Argentinian and South American champion. He also participated in several Argentinian TV programs such as the Pepe Biondi Show.
# Early career.
Bonavena | 16,347 |
750552 | Oscar Bonavena | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oscar%20Bonavena | Oscar Bonavena
began his early career in New York City under the management of World War II hero and dentist Marvin Goldberg. He was known as "The Argentine Strong-Boy".
His pro debut was on February 1, 1964. He soon racked up a quick string of early knockouts, but was overmatched early, sometimes fighting twice a month, and lost by a decision in February 1965 to then highly rated Zora Folley. Bonavena was in only his 15th contest and was far too inexperienced to then really tackle a top veteran like Folley. It was a one sided contest with Bonavena getting up off the deck from a wicked right hand. Even courageous Oscar looked discouraged and shaken at times in the later rounds. However, three years later | 16,348 |
750552 | Oscar Bonavena | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oscar%20Bonavena | Oscar Bonavena
with far more experience and training he won their rematch by decision.
After that, he returned to Argentina, where his winning and knockout streak continued. But in mid 1966 he was enticed back to New York for a match with rugged contender George Chuvalo.
The free-swinging Bonavena soon ran into trouble outside the ring. He called Muhammad Ali a black kangaroo and even a chicken for draft dodging. Ali was furious. Oscar was one of the few people to upstage Ali in pre-fight press conferences. When, much later, he saw Ali seated ringside at the George Foreman–Ken Norton fight, he went over and started a big slanging match. In his pre-fight press conference with Frazier, Bonavena needled effectively | 16,349 |
750552 | Oscar Bonavena | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oscar%20Bonavena | Oscar Bonavena
by implying that Frazier had a personal hygiene problem. He would start sniffing and grimace. Lawsuits were brought about by reporters with broken cameras; and other such "colorful" behavior. He was always volatile, as trainers soon discovered.
## Big name contests, Chuvalo and Frazier.
Bonavena first came to wide public attention after a fine performance defeating rated contender and Canadian champion George Chuvalo, boxing technically better than expected and later going the distance against the young hard-hitting great Joe Frazier. In this their first fight, Bonavena had the future champion down twice in the second round before Frazier rallied to win by decision in the 10th round.
## WBA | 16,350 |
750552 | Oscar Bonavena | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oscar%20Bonavena | Oscar Bonavena
elimination contests.
In 1967, after the World Boxing Association stripped Muhammad Ali of the title for refusing to be inducted into the U.S. military, Bonavena participated in that sanctioning body's 1967 tournament to crown a new heavyweight champion. In a strong performance he decked favoured European champion Karl Mildenberger four times, winning by a decision in Frankfurt, West Germany. But he was himself knocked down twice and clearly outboxed by eventual tournament winner Jimmy Ellis in the semi-finals in Louisville, losing by unanimous decision in an upset. Many deemed it the best win of Ellis's career. Incidentally, Bonavena had been scheduled to fight Ali in Tokyo in May 1967, but | 16,351 |
750552 | Oscar Bonavena | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oscar%20Bonavena | Oscar Bonavena
the bout was not to be when Ali was stripped of his title. They'd match later.
## World Title shot, the Frazier rematch.
The following year, in 1968, after outpointing Leotis Martin, he got a rematch with Frazier for the heavyweight title in Philadelphia. After a grueling fifteen rounds Bonavena lost the rematch by decision, fighting more defensively than previous. He did leave with a seriously battered face photographed in the Ring magazine. However, he had won respect.
In 1969 he got a draw in a rematch with talented Gregorio Peralta, who he'd outpointed four years earlier for the Argentine title, and won his three other contests by knock out.
## Versus Ali.
In December 1970, he fought | 16,352 |
750552 | Oscar Bonavena | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oscar%20Bonavena | Oscar Bonavena
Ali at Madison Square Garden, in the former champ's second bout after his three-year layoff. Bonavena absorbed punishment throughout but fought well, getting through with various head and body punches. With just under 1:30 left in the 15th and final round, Ali caught Oscar rushing in and decked him with a perfectly placed left hook. Bonavena got up, but was clearly not fully recovered. Ali decked him twice more, and the fight was automatically stopped under the three knockdown rule, giving Ali a TKO (technical knockout). The ending was somewhat controversial, as Ali stood over Bonavena as Bonavena was getting up, never going to a neutral corner as the rules of boxing require, which allowed Ali | 16,353 |
750552 | Oscar Bonavena | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oscar%20Bonavena | Oscar Bonavena
to quickly knockdown Bonavena twice more and automatically end the fight. After the second knockdown, the referee appears to be attempting to guide Ali to a neutral corner, but Ali brushes the referee's arm away and pursues a wobbly Bonavena. The knockout by Ali was the only time in Bonavena's career he lost by a knockout.
## Other matches.
After the loss to Ali in 1970 he had a brutally tough match with underrated Alvin Lewis. Bonavena fought intermittently for the next few years. A gregarious party man, he enjoyed life fully.
Eventually losses to Floyd Patterson in 1972 and Ron Lyle in 1974 effectively put him to lower ranking contender status, although he did well enough in both these | 16,354 |
750552 | Oscar Bonavena | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oscar%20Bonavena | Oscar Bonavena
matches. In the Patterson fight he broke his left hand early, possibly after decking Patterson in the fourth, and remained an advancing threat to the final bell. It was around 1973 a possible match with a then on the rise Ken Norton was being planned but, unfortunately for fans, it never materialised.
On February 26, 1976, overweight and sluggish Bonavena fought what would be his last fight, winning a ten-round decision over the unranked Billy Joiner in Reno.
# Death.
On 22 May 1976 Bonavena was shot dead at the age of 33 by a security guard at the Mustang Ranch near Reno, Nevada, after having become involved in a conflict with its owner. His body was returned to Argentina to lie in state | 16,355 |
750552 | Oscar Bonavena | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oscar%20Bonavena | Oscar Bonavena
last fight, winning a ten-round decision over the unranked Billy Joiner in Reno.
# Death.
On 22 May 1976 Bonavena was shot dead at the age of 33 by a security guard at the Mustang Ranch near Reno, Nevada, after having become involved in a conflict with its owner. His body was returned to Argentina to lie in state at the Luna Park sports arena in Buenos Aires, where 150,000 people filed by, afterwards being buried in La Chacarita Cemetery in Buenos Aires.
# See also.
- Luis Ángel Firpo
- José María Gatica
- Justo Suárez
# References.
- Nevada's Most Infamous Brothel, Mustang Ranch, Back In Business, Fox News
- Woman Who Operated Mustang Ranch Dies, Spokesman-Review, September 9, 1992 | 16,356 |
750441 | Vijayawada | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada | Vijayawada
Vijayawada
Vijayawada (also known as "Bezawada") is a city on the banks of Krishna River, in Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the twelve urban local bodies in the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region. The city is the second largest city in the state by population and third most densely populated urban built-up areas in the world. Vijayawada is often referred as the "Commercial capital of Andhra Pradesh" and is classified as a "Y-grade" city by the Sixth Central Pay Commission. The city is the second most populous in the state with a population of more than one million. It was recognised as a "Global City of the Future" by "McKinsey Quarterly", which expected an increase | 16,357 |
750441 | Vijayawada | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada | Vijayawada
to GDP of $17 billion by 2025. In October 2018, it was awarded with ISO 37120 platinum level certification and has been added to the "Global Cities Registry".
# Toponomy.
There are many legends behind the origin of the name Vijayawada. Goddess Durga killed Mahishasura and relaxed at this place. As she was victorious, the place came to be known as Vijayawada ("vijaya" translates to victory and "wada" as place, literally meaning "The Place of Victory"). The hill was called as "Indrekeeladri" since it was frequently visited by Indra and his affiliates. The epic Mahabharata refers to the Indrakiladri hills as the place where Arjuna secured Pashupatastra from Lord Shiva. The city thereafter came | 16,358 |
750441 | Vijayawada | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada | Vijayawada
to be known as "Vijayavatika" ('Vatika' translates to place in Telugu) and later as Vijayawada.
In some legends, Vijayawada was referred to as "Rajendracholapura" as Virarajendra Chola won a battle against Chalukyasin 1068 and ruled over this place. A tale behind its acquiring the name Bezawada is that Goddess Krishnaveni (River Krishna) requested Arjuna to make a passage for her to merge into the Bay of Bengal. Hence, Arjuna made a "bejjam" (hole) through the mountains and the place came to be known as "Bejjamwada" which later changed to "Bezawada". Other names of Vijayawada were being Vijayavata, Beejapuram, Kanakaprabha, Kanakapuram, Kanakawada, Jayapuri, Vijayapuri, Phalguna Kshetram & | 16,359 |
750441 | Vijayawada | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada | Vijayawada
Jananathpura.
# History.
Bezawada(as Vijayawada was known then) was founded around 626 A.D. by Paricchedi Kings.
Vijayawada history reveals that Bezawada (Vijayawada) was ruled by King Madhava Varma (one of the kings of Vishnukundina dynasty). Chinese Buddhist scholar Xuanzang stayed a few years in Bezawada (Vijayawada) in around 640 A.D. to copy and study the Abhidhamma Pitaka, the last of the three pitakas (Pali for baskets) constituting the Pali canon, the scriptures of Theravada Buddhism.
Mogalrajapuram hills have five rock-cut temples, built during the 4th–9th centuries. Some of the caves can be attributed to Vishnukundina dynasty. Akkana Madanna Caves, at the foot of Indrakeeladri | 16,360 |
750441 | Vijayawada | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada | Vijayawada
Hill, is a monument of national importance.
At the foot of Indrakeeladri hills is the temple of Malleswara. The temple has inscriptions dating back to 9th century AD to 16th century AD by various kings. There are ten pillars and a mutilated slab (recognised as monuments by Archaeological Survey of India) with inscriptions in the Telugu language. Of them, the inscriptions issued by Yudhamalla I and II of Eastern Chalukyas are important.
In the early 16th century, during the reign of Qutb Shahi dynasty (also known as Golconda Sultanate), diamond mines were found near Vijayawada on the banks of Krishna River.
# Geography.
Vijayawada lies on the banks of Krishna River, covered by hills and canals. | 16,361 |
750441 | Vijayawada | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada | Vijayawada
It is from the state capital, Amaravati. and at an altitude of above sea level. Three canals originating from the north side of the Prakasham barrage reservoir — Eluru, Bandar, and Ryves — flow through the city.
# Climate.
Vijayawada has a tropical climate (Köppen "Aw"). The annual mean temperatures range between ; with the maximum temperatures often crosses in the month of May and the minimum in December and January. The highest maximum temperature ever recorded was in May 2002, and the lowest was on January 1997. May is the hottest and January is the coldest month of the year. It receives rainfall from the South-west and North-east monsoons and the average annual rainfall recorded is .
# | 16,362 |
750441 | Vijayawada | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada | Vijayawada
Demographics.
The city is the second most populous in the state and the third most densely populated urban built-up areas in the world, with approximately 31,200 people per square km. Census of India, it had a population of 1,021,806, of which males are 524,918 and females are 523,322 — for a sex ratio of 997 females per 1000 males — higher than the national average of 940 per 1000. 92,848 children were in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 47,582 were boys and 45,266 were girls: a ratio of 951 per 1000. The average literacy rate stood at 82.59% (male 86.25%; female 78.94%) with 789,038 literates, significantly higher than the national average of 73.00%.
## Language and religion.
The predominant | 16,363 |
750441 | Vijayawada | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada | Vijayawada
language spoken by the city residents is Telugu. In 2011 census, the total number of language speakers in the city (including the outgrowths) were . Telugu is spoken by speakers, followed by Urdu. A significant minority speak Hindi, Tamil, Odia, Gujarati, Marathi and Malayalam. In the same census, the total religious population in the city (including the outgrowths) was . It constitute Hindus (85.16%), Muslims (9.12%), Christians (3.64%), Jains (0.50%) and (1.59%) do not stating any religion.
# Governance.
## Civic administration.
Vijayawada Municipal Corporation is the civic governing body of the city and was the first ISO 9001 certified urban local body in the country.
It was constituted | 16,364 |
750441 | Vijayawada | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada | Vijayawada
on 1 April 1888 and was upgraded to selection grade municipality in 1960, and, to the corporation in 1981. The jurisdictional area of the corporation is spread over an area of with 59 wards. The present municipal commissioner of the city is Shri. M. Rama Rao, IAS and the present mayor is Koneru Sridhar. Vijayawada is the headquarters of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority.
As per the G.O. 104 (dated:23-03-2017), the state government had declared Vijayawada Municipal Corporation and its contiguous areas as a metropolitan area of Vijayawada. Its jurisdiction is spread over an area of and has an estimated population of . The metropolitan area covers Vijayawada municipal corporation | 16,365 |
750441 | Vijayawada | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada | Vijayawada
and merged villages of Ambapuram, Buddavaram, Done Atkuru, Enikepadu, Ganguru, Gannavaram, Gollapudi, Gudavalli, Jakkampudi, Kanuru, Kesarapalle, Nidamanuru, Nunna, Pathapadu, Penamaluru, Phiryadi Nainavaram, Poranki, Prasadampadu, Ramavarappadu, Tadigadapa, and Yanamalakuduru. The urban agglomeration spread in Guntur district covers Tadepalle Municipality and its outgrowth of Undavalli; Mangalagiri Municipality and its outgrowths of Navuluru and Atmakur.
## Utility services.
Water supply from the 59 water reservoirs, maintenance of roads, sewerage, underground drainage, environment protection programs, recycling of solid waste and producing power are the services are provided by the Vijayawada | 16,366 |
750441 | Vijayawada | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada | Vijayawada
Municipal Corporation. There has been an underground drainage system in the city since 1967–68. Many green parks are maintained by the corporation to protect the environment such as Raghavaiah park, Rajiv Gandhi Park, Dr. B.R Ambedkar Park, Mahatma Gandhi Park etc. The corporation won many awards and achievements such as National Urban Water Award (2009), Siti e-Governance Project, ISO 9001 certification for Quality Management System.
The Andhra Pradesh State Disaster and Fire Response Department with its headquarters in the city are responsible for protecting from fire accidents that occur during summers on the hill slope areas of the city.
## Pollution control.
The report on solid waste | 16,367 |
750441 | Vijayawada | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada | Vijayawada
generation in 46 metro cities for the year 2015-16 shows, Vijayawada produces 550 tonnes of solid waste per day. Vijayawada is one of the cities to be covered under the Solar/Green Cities scheme launched by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy and is one of the 15 cities in the country listed in Pilot Solar Cities. The city is promoting the use of environmentally friendly transport supported by biodiesel, CNG in auto rickshaws and electric 'E-rickshaws' were introduced.
## Law and order.
The Vijayawada City Police has its own Police Commissionerate, which is responsible for an area of 1211.16 sq.km., is headed by a Police Commissioner, who is an Indian Police Service officer of Additional | 16,368 |
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Director General of Police rank along with one joint commissioner of police and four Deputy Commissioners of Police who are also IPS officers. The present Police commissioner is Ch. Dwaraka Tirumala Rao .
# Economy.
Vijayawada is one of the rapidly growing urban markets of the country. The sectors that contribute to the city economy are construction, education, entertainment, food processing, hospitality, registrations, transport, etc. Based on the recommendations of the Sixth Central Pay Commission, it is classified as one of the Y-grade cities of India. The GDP of Vijayawada in 2010 was and is estimated to touch by 2025.
Andhra Cements (1937) was the first cement factory in Andhra Pradesh. | 16,369 |
750441 | Vijayawada | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada | Vijayawada
Siris Pharmaceuticals was the first pharma company in Andhra Pradesh and was established in 1950.
The city has trading and exporting markets for agriculture and industrial goods. The Nunna Mango Market is one of the largest mango markets in Asia, exporting to major cities in the country. It is also a hub for storage, bottling, and transportation of petroleum products of all major companies like BPCL, HPCL, and IOC.
The growing population and economy have resulted in rising real estate prices.
# Culture.
The city is known in the state for its cultural history, whose residents are more often referred to as "Vijayawadians". There are many religions, languages, traditions, and festivals. Durga | 16,370 |
750441 | Vijayawada | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada | Vijayawada
Pooja and a special Theppotsavam in Krishna river are important events of the Hindu festival of Dussera in the city, mainly due to the existence of self-manifested Kanaka Durga Temple. Hazarat Bal Mosque is a Muslim shrine housing the holy relic of the Prophet Mohammed. The Gunadala Mary Matha Church is an important shrine for Christians and illuminates during Christmas Eve.
The city corporation organizes "Happy Sunday," an event organized on the first Sunday of every month at M.G. Road for promoting activities such as sports, games, cultural events, and yoga. The clothing of the locals includes traditional men wearing dhoti and women wearing saree and salwar kameez. western clothing is also | 16,371 |
750441 | Vijayawada | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada | Vijayawada
predominant.
## Arts, crafts and artefacts.
The Vijayawada Art Society promotes Telugu arts. The city hosted Poetic Prism 2015, a multilingual poet's meet on September 19, 2015. All these activities are organized in collaboration with the "Cultural Centre of Vijayawada". Kondapalli Toys — which were granted geographical indication in 2007 — are handmade by the artisans of Kondapalli, a suburb of Vijayawada. Victoria Jubilee Museum is an archaeological museum in the city, which houses sculptures, paintings, and artifacts of Buddhist and Hindu relics, dating back to the 2nd and 3rd centuries.
## Cityscape.
Vijayawada was paired as a sister city of Modesto, California in 1993. The city has | 16,372 |
750441 | Vijayawada | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada | Vijayawada
old and new town areas. The One Town area of the city is known as old city area, comprising areas such as Islampeta, Jendachettu Centre, Kamsalipeta, Rajarajeswaripeta, Kothapeta, Ajithsinghnagaram, and Winchipeta. The new city areas include areas such as Autonagar, Benz circle, Chuttugunta, Labbipeta, Machavaram Down, Mogalrajapuram, NTR circle, Tikkle Road, Governorpeta, Pinnamaneni Polyclinic Road and Suryaraopet.
Brindavan Colony, Commercial Taxes Colony, Gunadala, Veterinary Colony are some of the residential areas. Bank Colony, Bharati Nagar, Gayatri Nagar, Currency Nagar, Satyanarayana Puram, Gurunanak Colony,APIIC Colony, LIC Colony, Patamata and MG Road are the upscale residential | 16,373 |
750441 | Vijayawada | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada | Vijayawada
areas. The major commercial areas include the stretch of MG Road and from Benz Circle to Ramavarappadu Ring. Other commercial centers are Besant Road, Rajagopalachari street, One Town market area covering Kaleswara Rao Market, and Vastralatha.
The city has many landmarks which include, Prakasham Barrage across the Krishna river; "Krishnaveni Mandapam" (River Museum) depicting the history of Krishna river and a nearby idol of the river known as, Krishnaveni statue; Gandhi Hill, the first Gandhi Memorial in the country, located at an elevation of 500 ft on the on a hill; Bhavani Island, one of the largest river island amidst Krishna River.
# Transport.
## Public transport.
The primary modes | 16,374 |
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of intra-city public transport are city buses and auto rickshaws. Apart from these, other means of transport are motorcycles, cycle rickshaws, and bicycles. The Pandit Nehru Bus Station and the Vijayawada railway station are the major transport infrastructure for road and rail transport. The Pandit Nehru bus station is the administrative headquarters of APSRTC, which is ranked as the fourth largest and busiest bus terminals in the country. The City Division of APSRTC operates close to 450 buses for an average of 300,000 daily commuting passengers. Autonagar bus terminus and city bus port is used for city bus services. The city buses ply in major routes of Besant Road, Eluru Road, M G Road and | 16,375 |
750441 | Vijayawada | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada | Vijayawada
to the city outskirts of Ibrahimpatnam, Kondapalli and Nunna.
## Road.
The two major National Highways, NH16 ([[Kolkata]]–[[Chennai]]) and NH-65 ([[Pune]]–[[Machilipatnam]]), provides road connectivity with other states and major cities. National Highway 30 from Jagdalpur of Chhattisgarh terminates near the city suburb of Ibrahimpatnam. The Inner Ring Road connects NH 16 and 65 to serve the main purpose of easing traffic congestion. While, BRTS corridors is utilized exclusively for city buses.
The seamless commuting in the city is supported by the presence of 16 bridges across the three canals of Bandar, Eluru, and Ryves. M G Road and Eluru Road are the major arterial roads of the city, with | 16,376 |
750441 | Vijayawada | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada | Vijayawada
as many as 90,000 vehicles plying M.G. Road (Bandar Road) itself. The city has a total road length of , used by 678,004 non-transport and 94,937 transport vehicles. The heavy vehicles like lorries are used for freight transport and hold a share of 18% in the country. Short distance commuting is served by 27,296 auto rickshaws plying the city roads every day, which include the women-driven 'She Autos' as well. The city has a total road length of , covering of municipal roads, of R&B (Roads & Buildings) department roads, of National Highways. M.G. Road and Eluru road are the main arterial roads of the city. Benz Circle is one of the busiest road junctions in the city with an average of 57,000 | 16,377 |
750441 | Vijayawada | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada | Vijayawada
vehicles crossing daily, The junction has the intersection of two national highways of NH 16 and NH 65.
## Rail.
Vijayawada Railway Station was established in the year 1888. It is one of the busiest stations of Indian Railways. and is classified as a "Non-Subruban Grade-3 (NSG-3)" station in Vijayawada railway division. The station is a junction station for the trains from , , and . Suburban rail services are operated from the railway station to the nearby cities of Guntur and Tenali. The city houses the headquarters of Vijayawada railway division, one of the three railway divisions of South Coast Railway zone. The station has also a diesel and electric loco sheds which have a capacity of | 16,378 |
750441 | Vijayawada | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada | Vijayawada
holding 220 locos by both the sheds. This city has also the satellite stations to serve the city in busy times such as "Krishna canal Jn." etc. The city of Vijayawada has several satellite stations such as, , , , , , , ,
### Suburban and high speed rail.
A proposed circular train connectivity would connect Vijayawada with neighbouring cities of Guntur, Tenali, Mangalagiri and the state capital, Amaravati. The Vijayawada Metro is a planned rapid transit system that would be constructed in two corridors. In September 2017, Hyperloop Transportation Technologies signed an agreement with the Andhra Pradesh State Government to build a Hyperloop between the cities of Amaravati and Vijayawada. The | 16,379 |
750441 | Vijayawada | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada | Vijayawada
two-phase project would begin with a six-month feasibility study which would be followed by actual construction. The feasibility study was delayed apparently, at least until February 2018, when the company delivered a "pre-feasibility study".
## Air.
The Vijayawada Airport at Gannavaram provides air connectivity to major metropolitan cities of the country. On 3rd, May 2017, Vijayawada Airport was upgraded from Domestic to International. International Flights
Started from December 4th, 2018 by Indigo Airlines to Singapore . The International Flights to Singapore Stopped after 27th, June, 2019 . Because the State Government Stopped Viability Gap Funding in June, 2019 . , it registered a domestic | 16,380 |
750441 | Vijayawada | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada | Vijayawada
passenger movement growth rate of 70.0% with a Total of 11 Lakh 92 Thousand Passengers in FY 19 .
# Education.
The Primary and Secondary School Education is Imparted by the Government, Aided and Private Schools, Under the State School Education Department. As per the school information report for the academic year 2015–16, the City Limits have 133,837 Students Enrolled in 529 Schools. The state and CBSE syllabus are followed by schools for the Secondary School Certificate. The languages of instruction are English, Telugu, and Urdu.
For 10+2 Education, There are Two Government Junior colleges, namely S.R.R and C.V.R Government College and Government Junior College (at Vinchipeta); a Railway | 16,381 |
750441 | Vijayawada | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada | Vijayawada
Junior College; Three Co-Operative, 12 Private Aided, including the oldest, S.R.R & C.V.R College (Established in 1937), Andhra Loyola College (Established in December 1953), Maria Stella College for Girls (Established in 1962); V.R Siddhartha Engineering College (Established in 1977) the Oldest
Engineering College in Andhra Pradesh, and Many Private Unaided Colleges. School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada (SPAV) was established in 2008, a Higher Education Institute in Vijayawada. It is one of the Three Schools of Planning and Architecture (SPAs) Established by the Ministry of Human Resource Development in 2008 as an autonomous institute and a full central funded institution.
The | 16,382 |
750441 | Vijayawada | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada | Vijayawada
Sarvotthama Grandhalaya is a City Library Established on 30th March, 1987. It serves an Average Daily Readership of 200, Equipped with 22,000 books related to many fields. VMC & VBFS Research and Reference Library is a reader's room/library maintained by Vijayawada Book Festival Society.
# Media.
"Visalaandhra" was the first newspaper in the state, started from Vijayawada. As per the 58th annual report of Press India 2013–14, the large and medium Telugu daily publications from Vijayawada include "Andhra Jyothy", "Eenadu", "Sakshi", "Suryaa", "Andhra Prabha", "Telugu Jatiya Dinapatrika Vaartha", "Praja Sakti", and "Udaya Bharatam". The English publications are "Deccan Chronicle", "The Hindu", | 16,383 |
750441 | Vijayawada | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada | Vijayawada
"The Times of India", "News Boom", "The Fourth Voice", and "Views Observer".
The All India Radio Vijayawada was commissioned on 1 December 1948. Its building was named after Pingali Venkaiah, the designer of the Indian flag. The channels broadcast by All India Radio are Rainbow Krishnaveni FM, Vividh Bharati. Telugu Doordarshan saptagiri is located here.
# Sports.
Indira Gandhi Stadium in the city is the headquarters of the Sports Authority of Andhra Pradesh. It has hosted the only Men's ODI on 24th, November 2002, played between India and West Indies.
The only women's ODI was hosted on 12th, December 1997, played as a group match of 1997 Women's Cricket World Cup between England women's | 16,384 |
750441 | Vijayawada | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada | Vijayawada
and Pakistan women's teams. Makineni Basavapunnaiah Stadium at Ajit Singh Nagar is another stadium that caters the sporting needs of the northern part of the city. Indoor stadiums include Dandamudi Rajagopala Rao Indoor Stadium (DRRIS) at M.G.Road and Chennupati Ramakotaiah Indoor Stadium (CRIS) at Patamatalanka. The DRRIS was named after the former weightlifter, Dandamudi Rajagopala Rao, who participated in the 1951 Asian Games and the 1956 Olympics. The DRRIS hosted several national and international sporting events, such as the 79th Senior Badminton Champions.
Spoorthy is the first paddler from the city to have represented at International Level. Andhra Cricket Association(ACA) International | 16,385 |
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Cricket Stadium is being built on a site at Novlur Village, Mangalagiri Mandal of Guntur district, 15 km from the city of Vijayawada. It will serve as the Andhra Cricket Association stadium. Vijaya Madhavi Tennis Academy is in Loyola College; Loyola College Grounds hosted many national-level events which includes a Ranji match.
The Railway Sports Stadium, near the Railway Station, Hosted several National Level Railway and a few Non-Railway events. This stadium has a gallery facility of over 10,000 people. Makineni Basava Punnaiah stadium is another open stadium in the city. Dandamudi Raja Gopal Rao Indoor Stadium is one of the noted Badminton Stadiums in AP. It hosted several national level | 16,386 |
750441 | Vijayawada | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vijayawada | Vijayawada
several National Level Railway and a few Non-Railway events. This stadium has a gallery facility of over 10,000 people. Makineni Basava Punnaiah stadium is another open stadium in the city. Dandamudi Raja Gopal Rao Indoor Stadium is one of the noted Badminton Stadiums in AP. It hosted several national level badminton and table tennis championships.
The city has been confirmed for the 6th round of the 2018 F1H2O World Championship: UIM F1H2O Amaravati Grand Prix that will be held on 16,17,18 November 2018 in the Krishna river.
# See also.
- List of most populous cities in India
- List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population
# External links.
- Vijayawada Municipal Corporation website | 16,387 |
750572 | Shane Donovan and Kimberly Brady | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shane%20Donovan%20and%20Kimberly%20Brady | Shane Donovan and Kimberly Brady
Shane Donovan and Kimberly Brady
Shane Donovan and Kimberly Brady Donovan are fictional characters and a supercouple from the American soap opera "Days of Our Lives". Shane was portrayed by Charles Shaughnessy. Kimberly has been primarily portrayed by Patsy Pease (1984–90, 1991–92, 1994, 1996, 1997–98, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2008, 2010, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016). Anne Marie Howard took over the role from Pease in 1990, until Pease returned in 1991. Actress Arianna Chase portrayed Kimberly from 1992–1993.
# Storyline.
Kimberly Brady arrived in Salem in 1984. Kimberly met Shane Donovan when Shane, a secret agent for the ISA, was spying on her. Before returning to Salem, Kimberly had been in Europe | 16,388 |
750572 | Shane Donovan and Kimberly Brady | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shane%20Donovan%20and%20Kimberly%20Brady | Shane Donovan and Kimberly Brady
for 5 years, where she had been working as a high class prostitute and sometimes photographer. Kimberly had incidentally taken photos of Stefano DiMera's secret island in the Caribbean, and Shane was sent by the ISA to retrieve that film. Soon, Kimberly discovered Shane's mission and agreed to help him. The two grew closer after Kimberly revealed that she had been molested by her Uncle Eric (Shawn's brother) as a child, which was the main reason for Kimberly fleeing Salem five years earlier. In 1985, Stefano was eventually presumed dead and Shane and Kimberly eventually fell in love while chasing a terrorist known as the Dragon in the United Kingdom. Before the Dragon was captured, he revealed | 16,389 |
750572 | Shane Donovan and Kimberly Brady | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shane%20Donovan%20and%20Kimberly%20Brady | Shane Donovan and Kimberly Brady
that Shane's supposedly dead wife Emma was still alive. Emma began terrorizing Kim, who soon suffered from a case of hysterical blindness. During Kimberly's bout with blindness, she became close with mobster Victor Kiriakis, and after she had recovered, Shane decided to use Kimberly's friendship with Victor in order to bring him down. The plan quickly went awry, and Kimberly ended up sleeping with Victor in order to save Shane's life. When Kimberly became pregnant; she did not know if Shane or Victor was the father. In addition, Kimberly was horrified to learn from her mother Caroline that Caroline had also had an affair with Victor and that Kimberly could be Victor's daughter. However, it would | 16,390 |
750572 | Shane Donovan and Kimberly Brady | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shane%20Donovan%20and%20Kimberly%20Brady | Shane Donovan and Kimberly Brady
later be revealed that Kimberly's brother Bo was the result of the affair, not Kimberly.
Kimberly ended up giving birth to a son after a helicopter crash in the wilds of West Virginia. Shane was at hand for the delivery. Emma continued to terrorize Kim, and manufactured false medical reports that indicated that Victor was the father. Emma then tricked Kimberly into signing adoption papers and stole her baby. When Emma was murdered, Kim went to jail for the crime but was innocent—the killer proved to be Shane's spy partner who was in love with him.
In 1987, Kimberly and Shane finally wed after learning that Andrew (Kimberly's child) was Shane's and not Victor's. However, their happiness was | 16,391 |
750572 | Shane Donovan and Kimberly Brady | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shane%20Donovan%20and%20Kimberly%20Brady | Shane Donovan and Kimberly Brady
short-lived, as Shane's illegitimate daughter Eve caused trouble and caused Kim to miscarry. By August, 1988, Eve and Kim had reconciled and became close, but Shane was thought to be dead following an explosion. Kim was devastated and in her vulnerable state, succumbed to the advances of Cal Winters. Cal Winters turned out to be a psycho and kidnapped Kim shortly after Shane returned. Shane rescued Kimberly, but their newfound happiness was short-lived, when Kim learned she was pregnant again. Kimberly and Shane were tricked into believing Cal was the child's father and separated shortly before Kim gave birth to Jeannie in 1990. Later, Kim and Shane divorced and he began a relationship with | 16,392 |
750572 | Shane Donovan and Kimberly Brady | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shane%20Donovan%20and%20Kimberly%20Brady | Shane Donovan and Kimberly Brady
Kimberly's sister, Kayla. In 1991, Cal eventually returned and took both Kim and Kayla hostage, but they were eventually rescued by Shane, Roman, and John.
Shortly afterwards, Kayla revealed that Cal had told her that Shane was Jeanie's father. However, this did not lead to Kim and Shane reuniting. Eventually, Kayla and Shane broke up, but by this time Kim had a new fiance, Phillip Collier. After a hit and run accident, Kim's memories of her sexual abuse at her uncle's hands once again came to the forefront and she developed Multiple personality disorder. One of Kimberly's alters, Lacey, arranged for Shane to be sent out of town and later murdered a man who tried to rape Kimberly. Eventually, | 16,393 |
750572 | Shane Donovan and Kimberly Brady | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shane%20Donovan%20and%20Kimberly%20Brady | Shane Donovan and Kimberly Brady
another of Kimberly's alters ended up shooting Roman, and Kimberly was put on trial for the crime. However, Marlena was able to prove that Kimberly was mentally ill and, upon her recovery, Kimberly reunited with Phillip and left town with him and her children in 1993.
Kimberly has since returned over the years for various events such as Tom Horton's funeral in 1994, as well as Bo and Hope's failed wedding in 1996. In 1997, Kimberly returned to Salem for a much longer period of time after her brother Roman was suffering from a rare Jungle illness. Kimberly spent several months in Salem, giving her advice and support to various members of her family. One notable incident involved Kimberly helping | 16,394 |
750572 | Shane Donovan and Kimberly Brady | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shane%20Donovan%20and%20Kimberly%20Brady | Shane Donovan and Kimberly Brady
her nephew Eric convince a teenage runaway (played by Country superstar LeAnn Rimes) to return home. In 1998, Kimberly left town again but has continued to make visits to Salem over the years.
Shane briefly returned to Salem in November 2002, when he had learned of the death of an ISA agent and came to investigate it. When Billie thought he was checking up on her mission, he told her that the person that gave her the mission was long dead and later Billie confessed to having involvement in Hope's kidnapping and helped Shane work with the others to free Hope from Larry Welch.
In June 2010, Kim came back to Salem to attend Alice's memorial service. Her return coincided with Shane's return and | 16,395 |
750572 | Shane Donovan and Kimberly Brady | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shane%20Donovan%20and%20Kimberly%20Brady | Shane Donovan and Kimberly Brady
the two reconnected. Shane resigned from the ISA and committed himself to being a better family man. They decided to rekindle their romance and live together as a family in Los Angeles.
In July 2013, Jeannie Donovan appeared in Salem under the name "Theresa". She dropped the name Jeannie and started to use her middle name, Theresa. She works at the hospital as Jennifer Horton's assistant. She also buys pot from Jennifer's son J.J.
On July 17, 2014, Theresa hit John Black over the head while at the Kiriakis mansion. He was in a coma for almost 3 months.
After months of dating, Brady and Theresa take a trip to Las Vegas, where he gets drunk and marries her. They have the marriage annulled.
In | 16,396 |
750572 | Shane Donovan and Kimberly Brady | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shane%20Donovan%20and%20Kimberly%20Brady | Shane Donovan and Kimberly Brady
17, 2014, Theresa hit John Black over the head while at the Kiriakis mansion. He was in a coma for almost 3 months.
After months of dating, Brady and Theresa take a trip to Las Vegas, where he gets drunk and marries her. They have the marriage annulled.
In April 14, 2015, it was discovered that they're the grandparents of Tate Black, the newborn son of Brady and Theresa, who was carried by Kristen DiMera, after she stole him from his parents, who became diagnosed with an autoimmune disease and requires a bone marrow transplant from his biological mother, Theresa.
# See also.
- List of supercouples
# External links.
- Kimberly Brady at soapcentral.com
- Shane Donovan at soapcentral.com | 16,397 |
750506 | Lauchlin Currie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lauchlin%20Currie | Lauchlin Currie
Lauchlin Currie
Lauchlin Bernard Currie (October 8, 1902 – December 23, 1993) worked as White House economic adviser to President Franklin Roosevelt during World War II (1939–45). From 1949-53, he directed a major World Bank mission to Colombia and related studies. Information from the Venona project, a counter-intelligence program undertaken by agencies of the United States government, references him in nine partially decrypted cables sent by agents of the Soviet Union. He became a Colombian citizen after the United States refused to renew his passport in 1954 due to doubts of his loyalty to the United States engendered by testimony of former Communist agents and information in the Venona decrypts.
# | 16,398 |
750506 | Lauchlin Currie | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lauchlin%20Currie | Lauchlin Currie
Formative years.
He was born to Lauchlin Bernard Currie, an operator of a fleet of merchant ships, and Alice Eisenhauer Currie, a schoolteacher. After his father died in 1906, when Currie was four, his family moved to nearby Bridgewater, Nova Scotia where most of his schooling was done. He later attended schools in Massachusetts and California where he had relatives. In 1922, after two years at Saint Francis Xavier University in Nova Scotia, Currie moved to the United Kingdom to study at the London School of Economics under Edwin Cannan, Hugh Dalton, A. L. Bowley, and Harold Laski.
From the LSE, Currie moved to Harvard University where his chief inspiration was Allyn Abbott Young, then president | 16,399 |
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