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ion, Clive Tyldesley and John Rawling. Others included Phil Duffell, Tony Jones, Bob Symonds, Martyn Dean, Trevor Harris, Donovan Blake. Angus Scott was also a regular commentator before his move to Setanta.
# End of the show.
The show came to an end in May 2009 when ITV's Football League and League Cup highlights package expired. As of the 2009–10 season, the BBC have taken over the domestic rights package, which also included live games, and broadcast a similarly formatted programme called "The Football League Show" on Saturday nights after the existing "Match of the Day". Highlights of the games were also available online at the BBC Sport website.
# See also.
- "Football League Extra" | 16,500 |
750558 | Rob Roy (novel) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rob%20Roy%20(novel) | Rob Roy (novel)
Rob Roy (novel)
Rob Roy (1817) is a historical novel by Walter Scott. It is considered one of the Waverley novels, as the author identified himself on the title page as "by the author of "Waverley"".
Frank Osbaldistone narrates the story. He is the son of an English merchant who parted from his family home in the north of England near the border with Scotland when he was a young man, being of different religion and temperament than his own father or his younger brother. Frank is sent by his father to live at the long unseen family home with his uncle and his male cousins, when he refuses to join his father's successful business. In exchange, his father accepts Frank's cousin Rashleigh to work | 16,501 |
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in his business. Rashleigh is an intelligent young man, but he is unscrupulous, and he causes problems for the business of Osbaldistone and Tresham. To resolve the problems, Frank travels into Scotland and meets the larger-than-life title character, Rob Roy MacGregor.
# Composition and sources.
John Ballantyne, Scott's literary agent, drew up a contract for "Rob Roy" on 5 May 1817 with Archibald Constable and Longman who had published the first three Waverley novels, the author having lost confidence in the publishers of his most recent fictional work "Tales of my Landlord", John Murray and William Blackwood, who had turned out to be insufficiently committed to that project. Scott seems to | 16,502 |
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have begun writing the novel immediately, but it was not completed until late December, partly because of illness.
The Rob Roy of Scott's novel is largely fictitious, with an input from stories he had heard, handed down over the generations. As is his wont he adjusts historical chronology freely for his narrative purposes. A number of printed sources were valuable for different components of the work. Thus, for business matters he used "The Universal Dictionary of Trade and Commerce" by Malachy Postlethwayt, of which he owned the third edition published in 1766. The depiction of Justice Inglewood and his clerk draws directly on "The Justice of the Peace and Parish Officer" by Richard Burn, | 16,503 |
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the 13th edition of 1776 being in Scott's library. And Bailie Jarvie was suggested by another book he owned, "The Highland Rogue: or, the Memorable Actions Of the Celebrated Robert Mac-gregor, Commonly called Roy-Roy" [by Elias Brockett] (1723).
# Editions.
The first edition, in three volumes, dated 1818, was published in Edinburgh on 30 December 1817 and in London on 13 January 1818. As with all the Waverley novels before 1827 publication was anonymous. Scott was involved in only two of the subsequent editions of the novel. He made significant changes to the text for the 18mo "Novels and Tales", though that was essentially a textual dead end. At the end of 1828 herevised the text, somewhat | 16,504 |
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sporadically, for the 'Magnum' edition and provided notes and a very long introduction: it appeared as Volumes 7 and 8 in December 1829 and January 1830. The standard modern edition, by David Hewitt, was published as Volume 5 of the Edinburgh Edition of the Waverley Novels in 2008: this is based on the first edition with emendations principally from Scott's manuscript; the new Magnum material is included in Volume 25a.
# Plot summary.
Francis "Frank" Osbaldistone tells his tale, beginning with his return to his father William's merchant house of Osbaldistone and Tresham in Crane Alley, London, from an apprenticeship in a French associate's business. There, he meets with his business-minded | 16,505 |
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father's anger and disappointment, since he has been more preoccupied with writing poetry than learning the business, much to his father's disgust.
William was originally disinherited in favour of his younger brother Sir Hildebrand Osbaldistone, who has inherited both the family fortune and the family seat of Osbaldistone Hall instead. William, turned out at the age of his own son, has built a successful business with his trading company in the City and is a dissenter in religion, unlike his brother.
Owen, the Head Clerk of Osbaldistone and Tresham and a long time friend of the family, attempts to persuade Frank to follow his father's wishes. Frank is not swayed. Instead, William sends him | 16,506 |
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to stay with his uncle Hildebrand in Northumberland, near the border with Scotland. Frank sets out on horseback, meeting some travellers on the way. He observes that one of the travellers is nervous and protective of a box that he carries. Frank begins to tease the traveller, Morris, pretending to assume an interest in the mysterious box.
At an inn, they are joined by a confident and sociable Scottish "cattle dealer” Campbell. They eat and drink and discuss politics together at an inn and then part ways, when Morris entreats Campbell to travel with him to provide protection, since Campbell has recounted how he thwarted two highwaymen singlehandedly.
After Frank parts from the company near | 16,507 |
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his destination, he encounters a fox hunt in progress. A lovely young huntress, dressed in riding habit, greets him and guesses his identity. Frank is smitten by the young woman, noting her intelligence and beauty along with her independent manner. She is Diana "Die" Vernon, a relative by marriage of Sir Hildebrand. They proceed to Osbaldistone Hall, a large, rambling and run-down old manor-house, filled with massive old furniture, rusted suits of armour, hunting trophies, marking the interests of his uncle and cousins.
Frank meets old Sir Hildebrand, a former Cavalier, and his five older sons, each described by Die as given entirely to drinking and sport. At dinner, he meets the youngest brother, | 16,508 |
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Rashleigh, who, unlike his father and brothers, is sober, charming and erudite. Frank notes a connection between Die and Rashleigh. Die explains that Rashleigh, a scholar intended for the priesthood, is her tutor.
The next day, after encountering Andrew Fairservice the gardener, a loquacious Scotsman, Diana tells Frank that he has been charged with robbery and that the local Justice of the Peace Squire Inglewood, has a warrant for his arrest. Rather than flee to Scotland, he determines to protest his innocence. Die guides him and they encounter Rashleigh, who claims to have been pleading Frank's case. After declaring his innocence to the Justice, Frank confronts his accuser, who is none other | 16,509 |
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than Morris. Morris, a government paymaster, has been robbed of his mysterious box, which contained gold specie with which to pay the English troops in the area. Frank's prior light-hearted interest in Morris' box on the journey north is the basis for the charge.
Upon Frank's vehement declaration of innocence, and the Justice's sympathetic acquittal, Morris abandons his suit against Frank. Jobson, the Squire's pedantic and officious clerk, wants to pursue the matter on legal principle. After diverting Jobson by sending him on wild-goose chase, Rashleigh departs and quickly returns with the cattle-dealer, Campbell. Campbell witnesses truthfully that he was at the scene of the robbery and did | 16,510 |
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not see Frank.
Freed by the Squire from the charge, Frank returns to Osbaldistone Hall. He is consumed with jealousy after discovering that Rashleigh was in serious consideration for Die's hand in marriage; the usually sober Frank gets drunk with the family after Die exits, and strikes Rashleigh during an argument. In the morning, Frank apologises sincerely but Rashleigh's too-quick forgiveness rings false.
Rashleigh travels to take Frank's place at Osbaldistone and Tresham. Diana warns Frank that Rashleigh is a subtle and dangerous conniver, and has her under his power.
Frank begins to tutor Die and falls even more deeply in love with her. In between hours in the library with Die or in hunting | 16,511 |
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with his cousins, he converses with Andrew Fairservice and learns much about goings on at the Hall: there are suspicious visitations by shadowy persons unknown; the servants fear a ghost that haunts the library; and a mysterious Catholic priest, Father Vaughan, visits the hall.
Frank receives a letter from Tresham asking him to meet Owen in Glasgow and, only then, realises that none of his letters have reached London, including one warning his father of Rashleigh's dubious character. Die informs him that while William has been on the continent, Rashleigh has absconded with financial instruments vital to Osbaldistone and Tresham's solvency.
Frank determines to help his father's business. He | 16,512 |
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parts with Diana. She is destined to live in a convent due to a family compact (in which she has no say), as she refuses to marry any of Sir Hildebrand's sons. He enlists Andrew Fairservice as his servant and guide and hurries to Glasgow to find Owen and catch Rashleigh, who is now understood to be a Jacobite agent and agitator.
They lodge in Glasgow, and at services in a famous kirk in the religious town, an unseen stranger presses a note into Frank's hand telling him he is in danger and to meet him on a well-known bridge at midnight for information. Frank meets the stranger, who conveys him to the tolbooth (jail), which they enter unchallenged. Inside they find Owen, who is overjoyed to see | 16,513 |
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Frank. Osbaldistone and Tresham's favoured Scottish trading partner, MacVitie, maliciously made Owen a debtor on behalf of his now insolvent employer and imprisoned him.
Bailie Nicol Jarvie, a Glasgow magistrate who is also a Scottish partner of Osbaldistone and Tresham, arrives at the jail after midnight, when Sabbath is over. The mysterious stranger is Campbell, whom Jarvie recognises as his kinsman, Rob Roy McGregor. On Rob's promise to repay Jarvie 1000 Scots pounds that he owes him, Jarvie never says his name. Jarvie frees Owen, and allows Frank and Campbell to leave. The absent turnkey (jailer), who has let them pass in and out freely, is Rob Roy's man, Dougal. Before disappearing with | 16,514 |
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Dougal, Rob tells Frank to meet him in his Highland home and suggests that Bailie Jarvie should accompany him to collect his gold.
While Jarvie and Owen discuss finances, Frank takes a walk to the University grounds, where he spies Rashleigh walking with Morris and MacVitie. Frank confronts Rashleigh and they duel. Rob Roy breaks it up. After Rob sends Rashleigh away, he tells Frank to meet him at the Clachan of Aberfoyle in the Highlands. Frank now realises that Rob's affairs are entwined with his own and that Rob has had a long association with Rashleigh and Die.
Frank, Jarvie and Andrew ride to the Clachan, where they find a rude country inn. Tired, cold and hungry, they enter over the | 16,515 |
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objections of the landlady and the three men in plaids, drinking brandy at a table. A brief brawl ensues between the two parties, which is broken up by a fourth Highlander who has been sleeping on the floor. This man disappears, as Frank recognises him as Dougal, Rob's man. Frank and Jarvie converse with the men in plaid, and find they are the leaders of bands of armed men. Two are Highlanders; the second is a Lowland chief, Duncan Galbraith, who heads the Lennox militia. All have been enlisted by the English army to find and arrest Rob Roy. Thus Rob Roy does not meet them at the inn, but sends a note to Frank to meet at his home.
Suddenly, an English patrol enters the inn, dragging Dougal | 16,516 |
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with them. Frank and Jarvie are arrested as they fit the descriptions of the two people whom the patrol seeks. The soldiers force Dougal to lead them to Rob's lair, bringing Frank, Jarvie and Andrew along. They are ambushed by Highlanders, and the patrol is disarmed. Dougal, playing the fool, has led the patrol into a trap.
The leader of the Highlanders is Helen, Rob's wife, a fierce, proud noblewoman, fully armed. Her band is composed mostly of old men, women and children. After declaiming the wrongs done to her and her clan, she produces the unfortunate Morris, now a hostage, and he is callously thrown into the nearby loch. The fighting men of the band, armed for battle, and led by Rob's | 16,517 |
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two sons arrive. They report that Rob has been captured by the Duke's army.
After Jarvie successfully appeals for clemency for them from Helen, pleading kinship, Frank is sent as emissary to the Duke's camp. He finds Rob is tied up for execution. The Duke's army sets off, but Rob escapes in crossing the river. Frank lays low in the confusion that ensues. Then he walks in the dark night along a path through the forest back to the Clachan. He meets Diana and a stranger, an older nobleman, riding on the path. Die gives him the missing bills that Rashleigh had taken and bids him adieu.
Frank sadly assumes that the man is Diana's husband. Frank is overtaken by Rob, who takes him to his home, after | 16,518 |
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expressing anger at Morris' murder. There, Jarvie and Andrew are already ensconced. Jarvie reviews the recovered bills and declares Osbaldistone and Tresham to be cleared of debt. Rob repays Jarvie with 1000 pounds of gold louis d'or.
During the night, Rob tells Frank of how he and Rashleigh robbed Morris – a lark for Rob as an accomplished cattle-thief and blackmailer, but serious business for Rashleigh as a Jacobite agent. By now, Rashleigh has become a turncoat to save his skin and flees to Stirling as a traitor to the Jacobite cause.
Frank and Jarvie are sent on their way homeward to Glasgow, after an emotional farewell from Rob, Helen, and their clansmen. In Glasgow Frank is greeted with | 16,519 |
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warmth and forgiveness by his father, who has prospered while on the continent. In gratitude for his assistance and even-handedness, William rewards Bailie Jarvie with the commercial accounts that he has stripped from McVitie.
While finishing up their business in Glasgow, a rebellion of Jacobites breaks out. Frank, his father, and Owen, escape to London, where Frank levies a company of soldiers and rides north to support King George's cause. The rebellion is quickly suppressed, and back in London, Frank learns of the downfall of Sir Hildebrand (who has been captured and imprisoned in Newgate) and deaths of Sir Hildebrand's five older sons through misfortune or battle. Frank is heir to Osbaldistone | 16,520 |
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Hall by his uncle's last will. Rashleigh, the surviving son, has been disinherited in favour of Frank as punishment by his father.
Frank travels to claim the property. He meets with Justice Inglewood to review his uncle's will and learns from him that Diana and her father are thought to be out of England now; she is single and her father was deeply involved with the Rebellion. This was the secret that Rashleigh held over her. With Andrew Fairservice, Frank takes possession of Osbaldistone Hall. Nostalgically selecting the library to sleep in, he finds Diana and her father hiding there. They request sanctuary as they are being hunted due to the failure of the Jacobite uprising. They tell Frank | 16,521 |
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how Sir Richard had been hidden at the Hall during his earlier stay.
They plan to leave, but Rashleigh arrives with Jobson and the local constables, bringing a warrant to take possession of the Hall and arrest the Vernons and Frank. They are easily captured and taken away in a carriage. Still on the property, Rob Roy springs an ambush, freeing them all and killing Rashleigh. Rob Roy and his men bring Diana and her father to safety in France. Not many months later, after Frank begins working with his father, they learn that Diana's father is dying in France, and allows his daughter to make her own choice of the convent or marriage. Frank tells his father of his love for Diana. He gains his father's | 16,522 |
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approval to marry a Catholic, as startling to him as his son owning Osbaldistone Hall.
# Characters.
"principal characters in bold"
William Osbaldistone, of the firm of Osbaldistone and Tresham
Frank, his son
Mr Owen, his head clerk
Morris, a government agent
Andrew Fairservice, Frank's servant
Sir Frederick Vernon, a Jacobite
Diana (Die) Vernon, his daughter
Sir Hildebrand Osbaldistone, her maternal uncle
Archie, Perceval, Thorncliff, John, Dick, and Wilfred, six of his sons
Rashleigh, his youngest son
Anthony Syddall, his butler
Squire Inglewood, a Justice of the Peace
Joseph Jobson, his clerk
Dougal Gregor, jailor at the Glasgow tolbooth
Bailie Nicol Jarvie, a Glasgow merchant
Jean | 16,523 |
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MacAlpine, landlady of the inn at Aberfoil
Major Duncan Galbraith of Garschattin
Allan Stuart of Iverach and Invershalloch, two Highlanders
Captain Thornton, an English officer
Rob Roy MacGregor (Campbell)
Helen, his wife
Robert and Hamish, their sons
# Chapter summary.
Volume One
Ch. 1: Frank Osbaldistone (the first-person narrator) is summoned home from France by his father to discuss his letter declining to take up his destined place in the family financial business, Osbaldistone and Tresham.
Ch. 2: In spite of the best efforts of his head clerk Owen on his son's behalf, Frank's father makes plans for one of his Northumberland nephews, the sons of Sir Hildebrand Osbaldistone, to | 16,524 |
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fill the place in the firm and sends Frank north to assist in the procedure.
Ch. 3: On the road, Frank encounters a traveller with a particularly heavy portmanteau [later identified as Morris] and teases him by encouraging his fears that he might be intending to rob him.
Ch. 4: The travellers are joined in the inn at Darlington by a Scottish gentleman called Campbell [later identified as Rob Roy], with a shrewd manner of speaking, who declines to accompany Morris as a protector.
Ch. 5: Approaching Osbaldistone Hall, Frank encounters his spirited cousin Die out hunting, and they ride together to the hall.
Ch. 6: At dinner Die comments caustically on five of her surviving cousins and tells | 16,525 |
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him that the sixth, Rashleigh, is to leave home for a career with Osbaldistone and Tresham. Escaping from the circulating bottle, Frank encounters the gardener Andrew Fairservice, who expresses his disapproval of the family's Roman Catholicism and Jacobitism.
Ch. 7: Die tells Frank that Morris, who is a government agent, has alleged before the local Justice of the Peace, Squire Inglewood, that Frank has robbed him of money and dispatches, and advises him to flee to Scotland, but he insists on appearing before Inglewood.
Ch. 8: Arriving at Inglewood-Place, Frank and Die encounter Rashleigh, who claims to have been putting in a word for Frank. The hearing before the incompetent Inglewood and | 16,526 |
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his clerk Jobson descends into farce.
Ch. 9: Campbell arrives to testify that he was present at the robbery, and that Frank was not involved. Frank and Die plan a meeting with Rashleigh.
Ch. 10: Die introduces Frank to the library, her sanctuary. Rashleigh arrives and gives an explanation of how he had persuaded Campbell to testify in Frank's behalf. Over coffee and cards Frank finds Rashleigh fascinating.
Ch. 11: During a boring Sunday at Osbaldistone Hall Rashleigh tells Frank that, following a decree by her late father, Die is destined to marry Thorncliffe, the second oldest of the brothers, or to enter a cloister. Frank is unconvinced by Rashleigh's assertion that he himself is only a | 16,527 |
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friend of Die's.
Ch. 12: Frank gets drunk at dinner and assaults Rashleigh. The next morning Sir Hildebrand smooths the matter over.
Ch. 13: Die tells Frank of Rashleigh's improper advances towards her as her tutor. Rashleigh leaves for London, and Frank writes a warning letter to Owen before taking over the role of tutor.
Volume Two
Ch. 1 (14): Fairservice tells of news conveyed by a pedlar of concern in Parliament about the theft of Morris's portmanteau. Frank sees from a distance two figures in the library window.
Ch. 2 (15): Frank suspects his letter to Owen has not arrived. Fairservice suggests that the second person in the library was probably the Roman Catholic priest Fr Vaughan.
Ch. | 16,528 |
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3 (16): Die advises Frank to go to London, where Rashleigh has been put in charge and will further his own ambitions. He confesses his love for her, but she rejects him, citing her dedication to the cloister.
Ch. 4 (17): Frank surprises Die in the library, having learned that Fr Vaughan is away from the area, but she is alone and proves evasive. She asks that they continue as friends, and hands him a letter from his father's partner Tresham announcing that Rashleigh has left for Scotland with large bills payable to individuals there. Frank resolves to go to Glasgow to investigate.
Ch. 5 (18): Fairservice offers to accompany Frank as his servant, and they leave for Glasgow.
Ch. 6 (19): After | 16,529 |
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disposing of a horse stolen by Fairservice, Frank and his servant arrive in Glasgow and approach the cathedral.
Ch. 7 (20): Frank and Fairservice attend a service in the cathedral's Laigh Kirk, during which Frank receives a whispered warning and a summons to meet on the bridge.
Ch. 8 (21): After overhearing Fairservice talking about him in unflattering terms to an acquaintance Frank meets his summoner [Campbell, Rob Roy] on the bridge, and is conducted to the tolbooth where they are admitted by Dougal Gregor when Rob identifies himself in Gaelic.
Ch. 9 (22): Frank finds Owen in the tolbooth, committed at the behest of a firm which had worked closely with Osbaldistone and Tresham until made | 16,530 |
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aware of its problems. Bailie Nicol Jarvie arrives and agrees to stand surety for Owen's appearance.
Ch. 10 (23): Jarvie and Rob, who are cousins, engage in good-natured verbal sparring. After receiving a letter from Die, Rob indicates that if Frank and Jarvie come to see him in the glens he may be able to help with the problem created by Rashleigh, the bills falling due in ten days' time. Jarvie takes Frank to his house.
Ch. 11 (24): Fairservice persuades Frank to continue to employ him. Jarvie suggests expedients for Owen to adopt in the meantime.
Ch. 12 (25): Frank encounters Rashleigh in the College-yards, and Rob interrupts a duel between them.
Ch. 13 (26): Jarvie fills Frank and Owen | 16,531 |
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in on Rob's background and Rashleigh's likely aim of fomenting Jacobitism in the Highlands.
Volume Three
Ch. 1 (27): As they journey towards the Highlands Jarvie advises Frank and Fairservice how to conduct themselves.
Ch. 2 (28): At the inn known as the Clachan of Aberfoil the travellers become involved in a skirmish with two Highlanders who are in possession. A third Highlander, Dougal Gregor, fights on Jarvie's behalf until a Lowlander, Duncan Galbraith of Garschattachin, intervenes to calm things down.
Ch. 3 (29): Frank receives a letter from Rob postponing their meeting, and Fairservice is worried about becoming involved with him. Jarvie defends Rob against the opposition of the two | 16,532 |
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Highlanders, now identified as Inverashalloch and Allan Stuart of Inverach, and Galbraith. An English officer arrives with a body of infantry to arrest a couple, whom he takes Frank and Jarvie to be, for correspondence with the outlawed Rob.
Ch. 4 (30): Guided reluctantly by Dougal, who has been captured, the infantry party is routed by Highlanders under Rob's wife Helen.
Ch. 5 (31): The survivors of the skirmish are brought before Helen, whose sons James and Robert arrive and announce that Rob has been taken captive by Galbraith with his Lennox militia. Helen oders that Morris, who had been kept by her sons as a hostage for Rob's safety, be drowned.
Ch. 6 (32): Frank carries a defiant message | 16,533 |
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from Helen to the Duke (unidentified in the fiction) who holds Rob, but the Duke declines to release him. After news is received that his Highland allies have deserted him the Duke interviews Rob.
Ch. 7 (33): Rob escapes on the march. Frank, accused of helping him, flees and receives a packet containing Rashleigh's bills from Die, whom he encounters in company with an unknown gentleman.
Ch. 8 (34): After Die and the gentlemen have left Frank is joined by Rob, who indicates that she is now united with 'his Excellency'. They rejoin the clan, and Rob, after indignantly rejecting Jarvie's offer to oversee his sons as apprentice weavers, repays a substantial loan from his cousin.
Ch. 9 (35): Rob | 16,534 |
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expresses to Frank his conflicted feelings about his sons' futures. The next morning, on the road, he defends his clan's behaviour and indicates that Rashleigh has switched to the government side. Helen hands Frank a ring as a parting gift from Die.
Ch. 10 (36): Frank and Jarvie leave the Highlands for Glasgow, where Frank is reunited with his father and business matters are sorted.
Ch. 11 (37): The 1715 rebellion breaks out and Frank and his father return to London. Five of Sir Hildebrand's six surviving sons die in rapid succession, followed by their father. Frank goes north to take possession of Osbaldistone Hall and learns from Inglewood that Die's companion was actually her father, Sir | 16,535 |
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Frederick, who had been publicly declared dead.
Ch. 12 (38): Frank is joined in the library by Die and her father, who are fugitives from the government, but their presence is carelessly divulged by Fairservice to Clerk Jobson's spy.
Ch. 13 (39): During the night government officials arrive at the Hall. Die and her father attempt to escape, but they are captured by Rashleigh. As the prisoners are removed Rashleigh is run through by Rob and expires laying a curse on his patrimony. The Vernons leave for France where Sir Frederick dies, leaving Die free to return to Britain and marry Frank, who lived long and happily with her until her eventual death.
# Sketches of notable characters (in order | 16,536 |
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of appearance).
Francis "Frank" Osbaldistone: The narrator and protagonist. He is an educated young man in his early twenties, wilful and impetuous. Although he is quick to argument, both verbally and physically, he is sensitive and kind-hearted by nature. He falls deeply in love
with Die Vernon and comes to respect and admire Rob Roy.
William Osbaldistone: Frank's father, who has been disinherited in favour of his younger brother, Sir Hildebrand Osbaldistone. He has
built a successful merchant house, Osbaldistone and Tresham (with his silent partner, Tresham) in Crane Alley in the City of London.
Owen: Head Clerk of Osbaldistone and Tresham, and an old family friend. As one of Frank's | 16,537 |
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mentors, he despairs of Frank's attitude at the start of the novel, but later joins Frank in Glasgow, hoping to save Osbaldistone & Tresham.
Morris: Government agent and paymaster, first encountered by Frank on the road to Osbaldistone Hall from London. He is weak and easily influenced. His cowardly and dishonest actions precipate him to his doom, and influence the course of the plot.
Robert "Rob Roy" McGregor Campbell: The titular hero of the novel, initially appearing only briefly and mysteriously and almost always
to assist Frank in some way. Leader of a band of Highlanders, he is an honest and upright highland gentleman, who has been forced into a
life of blackmailing and reiving, at | 16,538 |
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which he excels, being strong, bold, crafty, and fearless. Notorious throughout the Western
Highlands, he is either loved or hated by other clans. He is married to Helen, and has two sons, young men of about 20 years old.
Diana "Die" Vernon: The beautiful, intelligent and unconventional teen-aged niece and ward of Sir Hildebrand with whom she resides
with at Osbaldistone Hall, along with his six sons, her cousins. She has most in common with Rashleigh in terms of
education and nobility, although she frequently joins Sir Hildebrand and the other sons in their sporting activities. She is the daughter of Sir Frederick Vernon. She is canny, often warning Frank of developments that affect him. | 16,539 |
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She loves Frank in return, but warns him off due to reasons disclosed to him late in the narrative.
Sir Hildebrand Osbaldistone: Holds both the title and ancestral manor of the Osbaldistones, long-established Catholic nobility in Northumberland. He is a retired Cavalier, mildly sympathetic to the Pretender's cause and a Catholic. Along with his five older sons he is devoted to a life of sport and drinking. Although he is jovial, kind and hospitable by nature, the family estate is falling into decay and ruin due to his lack of attention.
Rashleigh Osbaldistone (later Sir Rashleigh): Sir Hildebrand Osbaldistone's youngest son, completely unlike his brothers. He is well-educated, sensitive and | 16,540 |
750558 | Rob Roy (novel) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rob%20Roy%20(novel) | Rob Roy (novel)
intelligent and is ostensibly preparing for the Catholic priesthood. He is sober, learned and courtly in manner but his humble appearance and discourse belie a cunning and rapacious nature. Rashleigh becomes Frank's nemesis, acting secretly as a Jacobite agent and conniving to plunder Osbaldistone and Tresham to support his political ambitions.
Andrew Fairservice: First the gardener at Osbaldistone Hall, then Frank's guide and man-servant in the Highlands, Andrew is a pretentious, superstitious and ostentatiously Protestant Scottish Lowlander, who, along with Baillie Jarvie, provides much of the novel's comic relief. Cowardly and foolish, he becomes an object of irritation and contempt to Frank | 16,541 |
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and Jarvie as the plot progresses.
Justice Inglewood: Like Sir Hildebrand, Squire Inglewood is a retired Catholic Cavalier, and lover of revelling. He is a neighbour of Sir Hildebrand and friend to the Osbaldistones. He is the local Justice of the Peace, being the only suitable candidate. He prefers to uphold the spirit of the law and detests its legalities as much as he detests his Clerk, Jobson.
Joseph Jobson: Law Clerk to Squire Inglewood. He speaks only in obscure legalities. Like Morris, he eventually becomes a tool of Rashleigh's cabal.
Dougal: A wild, uncouth Highlander, devoted to Rob and a very effective agent for him.
Baillie Nicol Jarvie: Magistrate and businessman in Glasgow | 16,542 |
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and a relative of Rob Roy. Although garrulous and self-important, he is an upright and respectable burgher of that city. He becomes involved with Frank's arrangements with Rob Roy and accompanies Frank to visit Rob in the Highlands. A client of Osbaldistone and Tresham, he is very prudent financially – a caricature of smug Lowland gentry, in contrast to the casting of Andrew Fairservice as a caricature of a Lowland Scots working man.
MacVitie: William's foremost Scottish business agent. In spite of this favoured position, MacVitie quickly turns against Osbaldistone and Tresham when they become insolvent, as an accomplice to Rashleigh. Thus, when Owen arrives asking for forbearance, MacVitie | 16,543 |
750558 | Rob Roy (novel) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rob%20Roy%20(novel) | Rob Roy (novel)
has him thrown in jail instead, as a debtor.
Major Duncan Galbraith of Garschattachin: A Lowland gentleman, leader of the Lennox Militia.
Captain Thornton: The honourable leader of a squad of English infantry who mistakenly arrests Frank, Jarvie and Andrew, and with them, unsuspectingly falls into Helen and Dougal's trap.
Helen: Rob's wife, who commands the band, consisting of old men, women and children, in Rob's absence and who easily overpowers Captain Thornton's platoon after laying a cunning trap.
The Duke: Never named, he is leader of the English Army in the Highlands, in pursuit of Rob Roy to arrest him for his illegal activities.
Sir Frederick Vernon: Diana's father, fugitive ally | 16,544 |
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of the Pretender. In hiding at Osbaldistone Hall when Frank first arrives, he is reliant on Rashleigh's complicity. In hiding there at the end of the narrative, he is the target of the turncoat Rashleigh, along with Die and Frank.
# Historical setting.
The story takes place just before the Jacobite rising of 1715, with much of Scotland in turmoil. A British army detachment is ambushed and there is bloodshed. The eponymous Rob Roy is badly wounded at the Battle of Glen Shiel in 1719, in which a British army of Scots and English defeat a Jacobite and Spanish expedition that aimed to restore the Stuart monarchy.
# Literary and cultural setting at time of publication.
"Rob Roy" was written at | 16,545 |
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a time when many Europeans started regretting colonialism and imperialism, as reports circulated back of horrendous atrocities towards indigenous cultures. It was also a time when debates raged about the slave trade, the British occupation of India, and, more relevant to the novel, the disastrous effect of the Highland Clearances. During this era, William Wordsworth wrote "The Conventions of Cintra", praising Spanish and Portuguese resistance to Napoleonic force; Lord Byron would go on to praise Amazonian women in "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage", inverting the "polite" norms of femininity that the modern "civilized" world placed on them; and, finally, Scott would write about similar events in "The | 16,546 |
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Vision of Don Roderick". The term "guerrilla" came about during this period, due to the influence of the Peninsular War.
# Reception.
"Rob Roy" met with a generally enthusiastic reception from the reviewers. Only three ("The Anti-Unionist", "The British Critic", and "The Theatrical Inquisitor"), were predominantly hostile. The characters were generally admired, though a degree of caricature was sometimes detected: several reviewers pointed out that some of them bore a distinct resemblance to characters in the preceding novels (Die to Flora in "Waverley", Helen to Meg Merilees in "Guy Mannering", and Fairservice to Dandie Dinmont in that novel and Cuddie Headrigg in "Old Mortality") but they | 16,547 |
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mostly noted significant variations which meant they were not mere repetitions. Although one or two reviewers were surprised by the failure of Rob to live up to his prominence in the title he was generally judged a success. The Highland landscape descriptions and striking individual scenes also attracted much praise. Most reviewers found the story rather weak, as usual with this author, with improbable coincidences and a hurried conclusion.
# Adaptations.
Although there have been several heavily fictionalised feature films featuring a heroic Robert Roy MacGregor over the years, none of them to date has been directly adapted from Walter Scott's novel, in which MacGregor plays a lesser role | 16,548 |
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heroic Robert Roy MacGregor over the years, none of them to date has been directly adapted from Walter Scott's novel, in which MacGregor plays a lesser role than Osbaldistone. For example, though a 1995 film is based on the same eponymous hero, "Rob Roy", starring Liam Neeson, Tim Roth, and Jessica Lange, has no other connection with the novel. The same is true of the 1953 film Rob Roy, the Highland Rogue.
# Beverages.
- A brand of blended whisky, Bailie Nicol Jarvie, is named after a character from the book.
- The Rob Roy cocktail is similar to a Manhattan cocktail. It first appeared in New York City around 1890.
# External links.
- Page on "Rob Roy" at the Walter Scott Digital Archive | 16,549 |
750603 | Judy Sheindlin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judy%20Sheindlin | Judy Sheindlin
Judy Sheindlin
Judith Susan Sheindlin ("née" Blum; October 21, 1942), known professionally as Judge Judy, is an American prosecution lawyer, former Manhattan family court judge, television personality, and author. Since September 1996, Sheindlin has presided over her own successful 4-time Daytime Emmy Award–winning arbitration-based court show series, "Judge Judy", produced by CBS Television Distribution.
Sheindlin passed the New York state bar examination in 1965 and became a prosecutor in the family court system. In 1982 New York City Mayor Ed Koch appointed her as a judge, first in criminal court, then later as Manhattan's supervising family court judge in 1986.
Sheindlin is the longest | 16,550 |
750603 | Judy Sheindlin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judy%20Sheindlin | Judy Sheindlin
court judge, television personality, and author. Since September 1996, Sheindlin has presided over her own successful 4-time Daytime Emmy Award–winning arbitration-based court show series, "Judge Judy", produced by CBS Television Distribution.
Sheindlin passed the New York state bar examination in 1965 and became a prosecutor in the family court system. In 1982 New York City Mayor Ed Koch appointed her as a judge, first in criminal court, then later as Manhattan's supervising family court judge in 1986.
Sheindlin is the longest serving judge or arbitrator in courtroom-themed programming history, a distinction that earned Sheindlin a place in the "Guinness World Records".ref name="etonline" | 16,551 |
750609 | North Shore (TV series) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North%20Shore%20(TV%20series) | North Shore (TV series)
North Shore (TV series)
North Shore is an American prime-time soap opera that aired on Fox every Monday at 8 p.m. EST (7 p.m. CST) for seven months in 2004 and 2005. It centered on the staff and guests of the fictional Grand Waimea Hotel and Resort (actually the real-life Turtle Bay Resort located near Kahuku, O'ahu) on Oahu's North Shore in Hawaii.
From Fox's website:
"North Shore" premiered on June 14, 2004, with a 13-episode commitment from Fox. The show was canceled in January 2005 after a 21-episode, single-season run. The show ended on a cliffhanger, and the final episode of the series has only had a single airing, not being shown in most territories (including America).
# Critical | 16,552 |
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reception.
Critical reviews tended towards the low scale, with most critics acknowledging that "North Shore" was not meant to be high-brow theater:
# Plot.
The central character is Jason Matthews (Kristoffer Polaha), General Manager of the Grand Waimea. In the first episode, Nicole Booth (Brooke Burns) is hired as the new Director of Guest Relations. She is the daughter of a ruthless billionaire, and an old flame of Jason's who broke his heart years before.
At the end of the first episode, Nicole reveals to Jason that she broke up with him because her father wanted her to date someone more successful, and he threatened to have Jason fired from the hotel he was working at the time. The chances | 16,553 |
750609 | North Shore (TV series) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North%20Shore%20(TV%20series) | North Shore (TV series)
for rekindled romance are then dashed when Nicole reveals she has become engaged since they broke up.
Later in the series, Nicole told Jason that she returned to Hawaii to seek him out before getting married, because she wanted to know if there was still a chance for their relationship.
The final episode has Jason and Nicole being married. However, in an unresolved cliffhanger, Jason is killed in a car explosion meant for Vincent.
# Other characters.
- Vincent Colville (James Remar), the hotel owner; he was in love with Nicole's mother before her family forced her to marry Walter Booth.
- Gabriel McKay (Corey Sevier), a lifeguard (he seems to alternate between guarding the pool and the | 16,554 |
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beach); in episode three it was mentioned that he is planning to "turn pro" as a surfer. He does end up turning pro, with varying degrees of success.
- MJ Bevans (Nikki DeLoach), a waitress at the hotel bar; she is trying to start her own island clothing line. She starts the show in a relationship with Chris, but they end up breaking up. However, they get back together by the end of the show/season.
- Chris Remsen (Jay Kenneth Johnson), MJ's nascent boyfriend and proprietor of an extreme sports business. Despite breaking up, they end up back together by the final episode.
- Tessa Lewis (Amanda Righetti), a former con artist who manipulates her way into the Assistant Concierge position. By | 16,555 |
750609 | North Shore (TV series) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North%20Shore%20(TV%20series) | North Shore (TV series)
the end of the show, she is involved with Frankie.
- Frankie Seau (Jason Momoa), the hotel bartender. He ends the season involved with Tessa.
- Gordy Matthews (Michael Ontkean), Jason's father and a local surfing legend who owns a local bar and surfboard shop; his home was burned down in the first season and Jason suspects Walter Booth was involved.
- Morgan Holt (Josh Hopkins), Nicole's fiancé who works for her father in New York as Head of Hotel Acquisitions. Morgan visited the hotel for an extended period, and his relationship with Jason vacillated from friendly to hostile and vice versa several times. Nicole left Morgan at the altar during the first season. He hasn't been seen since.
- | 16,556 |
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Sam (Robert Kekaula), the head of hotel security.
- Walter Booth (Christopher McDonald), Nicole's billionaire father who wants to buy the Grand Waimea by whatever means necessary; he and Vincent have a long-standing rivalry dating back to Vincent's affair with Walter's wife; Vincent is convinced Walter killed his wife as revenge. He ends up in jail.
- Trey (Dylan Bruno) MJ's former boyfriend and pro surfer; he tried to win her back in the first season, even kidnapping her at one point; MJ was rescued by Chris and Gabriel.
- Alexandra Hudson (Shannen Doherty), Walter Booth's supposed illegitimate child by a secretary (thus making her Nicole's half-sister). She conspired with her father to | 16,557 |
750609 | North Shore (TV series) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North%20Shore%20(TV%20series) | North Shore (TV series)
ng-standing rivalry dating back to Vincent's affair with Walter's wife; Vincent is convinced Walter killed his wife as revenge. He ends up in jail.
- Trey (Dylan Bruno) MJ's former boyfriend and pro surfer; he tried to win her back in the first season, even kidnapping her at one point; MJ was rescued by Chris and Gabriel.
- Alexandra Hudson (Shannen Doherty), Walter Booth's supposed illegitimate child by a secretary (thus making her Nicole's half-sister). She conspired with her father to take over the Grand Waimea. She ends up in a position of power in the hotel. Though none of the other characters (with the exception of Chris, whom she briefly dates) really like her, a few do respect her. | 16,558 |
750555 | Jack Wagner (actor) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack%20Wagner%20(actor) | Jack Wagner (actor)
Jack Wagner (actor)
Peter John Wagner II (born October 3, 1959) is an American actor and singer, best known for his roles on the soap operas "General Hospital", "Santa Barbara", "The Bold and the Beautiful", and "Melrose Place".
# Early life.
Wagner was born in Washington, Missouri. Raised as a Catholic, he attended St. Gertrude's parochial school and St. Francis Borgia Regional High School in his hometown, where he played football and basketball. He attended the University of Missouri for one year, then junior college before eventually enrolling at the University of Arizona, where he tried out for the golf team and drama department. The drama department offered him a full scholarship.
# | 16,559 |
750555 | Jack Wagner (actor) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack%20Wagner%20(actor) | Jack Wagner (actor)
Acting career.
Wagner first appeared on the scene in 1982 in the role of Clint Masterson, in Douglas Marland's short-lived cable soap opera, "A New Day In Eden" (co-produced by Susan Flannery, who would later be Wagner's co-star on "The Bold and the Beautiful").
His most famous role has been Frisco Jones on the soap opera "General Hospital" (1983–1987, 1989–1991, 1994–95, 2013). He was half of a supercouple with Kristina Wagner's Felicia and played the father of Georgie and Maxie Jones.
He also played Warren Lockridge on "Santa Barbara" from 1991 until that series' conclusion in 1993.
He appeared in several made for television films, including "Moving Target" with Jason Bateman, "Lady Killer" | 16,560 |
750555 | Jack Wagner (actor) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack%20Wagner%20(actor) | Jack Wagner (actor)
with Judith Light, "Frequent Flyer" with Joan Severance, Nicole Eggert, and Shelley Hack, and "Dirty Little Secret" opposite Tracey Gold.
He appeared for many years on Aaron Spelling's Fox nighttime soap opera "Melrose Place", as the alternately caring/conniving Dr. Peter Burns (1994–99); he directed episodes as well. His character and Heather Locklear's "Amanda" were featured together on a beach in the series finale's closing scene, having faked their own deaths.
He appeared in another Aaron Spelling project, the NBC television series "Titans" with Yasmine Bleeth in 2000, and in Spelling's daytime soap opera "Sunset Beach" in 1997.
From 2003-2012, he played Nick Marone on the CBS daytime | 16,561 |
750555 | Jack Wagner (actor) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack%20Wagner%20(actor) | Jack Wagner (actor)
soap "The Bold and the Beautiful".
In 1985, Wagner was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for "Best Younger Actor" for his work on "General Hospital". He was nominated again in 2005 for "Best Lead Actor" for "The Bold and the Beautiful".
Wagner guest-starred on primetime television in notable programs such as "Monk", "Hot in Cleveland", and "Castle".
In January 2013, it was announced that Wagner had agreed to reprise the iconic role of Frisco Jones on "General Hospital" for several episodes in early 2013. Currently, he is seen playing Bill Avery on "When Calls the Heart", as of 2014. A Hallmark Channel regular, Wagner also starred in the Wedding March movies, with The Wedding March 3: Here | 16,562 |
750555 | Jack Wagner (actor) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack%20Wagner%20(actor) | Jack Wagner (actor)
Comes the Bride premiering in February 2018.
# "Dancing with the Stars".
In 2012, Wagner was a contestant on season 14 of "Dancing with the Stars", partnered with professional dancer Anna Trebunskaya. They were eliminated from the competition on April 3, 2012, placing 11th.
# Singing and stage career.
Wagner has recorded six albums. In 1985, he topped the "Billboard" charts with the ballad "All I Need". The single reached #2 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and hit #1 on the Adult Contemporary chart.
## Discography.
### Albums.
- 1984: "All I Need" - #44 U.S. "Billboard" 200
- 1985: "Lighting Up the Night" - #150 U.S.
- 1987: "Don't Give Up Your Day Job" - #151 U.S.
- 1993: "Alone in the | 16,563 |
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Crowd"
- 2005: "Dancing In The Moonlight"
- 2014: "On The Porch"
### Singles.
Although Wagner had been playing the guitar since he was 14, his initial audition for the role of Frisco Jones on "General Hospital" with producer Gloria Monty did not include any singing. Wagner had five auditions with ABC before ultimately winning the role of Frisco Jones. His final audition in 1983 included performing the Kenny Loggins song "Wait a Little While". ABC musical honcho Kelli Ross hooked Wagner up with her good friend in legendary producer Quincy Jones who oversaw his initial 5 song EP "All I Need". Eventually, they would release a full ten song LP of "All I Need" once the song "All I Need" began | 16,564 |
750555 | Jack Wagner (actor) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack%20Wagner%20(actor) | Jack Wagner (actor)
to rise up the charts. Quincy Jones protégés Glen Ballard and Clif Magness produced Wagner's first two albums on Qwest Records/Warner Brothers. Wagner's singing talents led him to appearances on "American Bandstand", "Solid Gold", "Soul Train" and "The Merv Griffin Show".
Eventually, his musical theater talent led to the title role(s) in a Broadway run of "Jekyll & Hyde", making him the first celebrity casting. Wagner has stated this was "a role of a lifetime" and performing the dual characters on Broadway was his most fulfilling professional experience. Wagner says "the role I had the most fun playing, TV-wise, would be Dr. Peter Burns (Melrose Place). He was sort of an evil character who | 16,565 |
750555 | Jack Wagner (actor) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack%20Wagner%20(actor) | Jack Wagner (actor)
could redeem himself. Theatrically, it was when I played Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in Jekyll & Hyde on Broadway." He also appeared in a national theatre tour in 1987 in the role of Tony in "West Side Story", and a national tour of "Grease" in 1988.
While he toured as a rock/pop performer in concert consistently from 1985–1988, Wagner did not perform in the 1990s except for an occasional benefit appearance. In 2005, Wagner resumed performing in concert sporadically. His more recent concerts have included a diverse blend of songs from his own catalog, cover songs from artists such as Neil Young, Lindsey Buckingham, and Paul McCartney, and originals.
In 2012, Wagner released new music, the single | 16,566 |
750555 | Jack Wagner (actor) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack%20Wagner%20(actor) | Jack Wagner (actor)
"Will the Rain Fall Down" on iTunes. He also performed the song acoustically on "The Bold and the Beautiful".
In 2014, Wagner released the full-length release "On the Porch". A notable song from this release was the fan-favorite "The Right Key", which made its debut on "General Hospital" in 1989. He made a music video for "Driving Miss Daisy" which premiered on YouTube.
# Personal life.
Wagner was married to actress Kristina Wagner, who played opposite him on "General Hospital" as his love interest Felicia Cummings. After marital troubles they filed for divorce and it was finalized in 2006.
The Wagners have two sons, Peter (born 1990) and Harrison (born 1994). Wagner began dating his "Melrose | 16,567 |
750555 | Jack Wagner (actor) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack%20Wagner%20(actor) | Jack Wagner (actor)
Place" love interest Heather Locklear in 2007; they became engaged in August 2011. The couple called off their engagement on November 15, 2011.
In May 2013, Wagner confirmed to "Soaps In Depth" that he and his former "The Bold and the Beautiful" co-star Ashley Jones had been dating for about a year. They are no longer together as of 2015.
In November 2011, Jack met his 23-year-old daughter, Kerry, for the first time at a concert in Florida. Kerry had been placed for adoption at birth by her birth mother and had recently hired a private investigator to find both of her biological parents. This was the subject of Wagner's "personal story" in his "Dancing with the Stars" performance on April | 16,568 |
750555 | Jack Wagner (actor) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack%20Wagner%20(actor) | Jack Wagner (actor)
2, 2012.
Wagner is an avid golfer and is ranked as one of the leading celebrity golfers. He is the only non-professional athlete to have won the American Century Celebrity Golf Classic, the annual competition to determine the best golfers among American sports and entertainment celebrities. Wagner first won the event in 2006 and repeated as champion in 2011, when he bested Dallas Cowboys quarterback Tony Romo. He has a total of nineteen top ten finishes. The tournament, televised by NBC in July, is played over three rounds at Edgewood Tahoe Golf Course in Lake Tahoe.
Wagner also won the Missouri junior college championship in 1980, and at one point considered a career in pro golf. He has a | 16,569 |
750555 | Jack Wagner (actor) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack%20Wagner%20(actor) | Jack Wagner (actor)
e has a total of nineteen top ten finishes. The tournament, televised by NBC in July, is played over three rounds at Edgewood Tahoe Golf Course in Lake Tahoe.
Wagner also won the Missouri junior college championship in 1980, and at one point considered a career in pro golf. He has a Celebrity Golf Classic named after him that raises funds for the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. Wagner created the event to support the Society's mission to cure such cancers as leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, and myeloma, and to improve the quality of life of patients and their families. The Golf Classic raised more than $600,000 in its first two years to fund critical cancer research and patient services. | 16,570 |
750618 | Ur-Nammu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ur-Nammu | Ur-Nammu
Ur-Nammu
Ur-Nammu (or Ur-Namma, Ur-Engur, Ur-Gur, Sumerian: , ca. 2047-2030 BC short chronology) founded the Sumerian Third Dynasty of Ur, in southern Mesopotamia, following several centuries of Akkadian and Gutian rule. His main achievement was state-building, and Ur-Nammu is chiefly remembered today for his legal code, the Code of Ur-Nammu, the oldest known surviving example in the world.
# Reign.
Year-names are known for 17 of Ur-Nammu's 18 years, but their order is uncertain. One year-name of his reign records the devastation of Gutium, while two years seem to commemorate his legal reforms: "Year in which Ur-Nammu the king put in order the ways (of the people in the country) from below | 16,571 |
750618 | Ur-Nammu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ur-Nammu | Ur-Nammu
to above", and "Year Ur-Nammu made justice in the land".
Among his military exploits were the conquest of Lagash and the defeat of his former masters at Uruk. He was eventually recognized as a significant regional ruler (of Ur, Eridu, and Uruk) at a coronation in Nippur, and is believed to have constructed buildings at Nippur, Larsa, Kish, Adab, and Umma. He was known for restoring the roads and general order after the Gutian period.
Ur Nammu was also responsible for ordering the construction of a number of ziggurats, including the Great Ziggurat of Ur.
He was succeeded by his son Shulgi, after an 18-year reign. His death on the battle-field against the Gutians (after he had been abandoned | 16,572 |
750618 | Ur-Nammu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ur-Nammu | Ur-Nammu
by his army) was commemorated in a long Sumerian poetic composition.
# Stele.
In 1925, a shattered nine-foot tall limestone pillar was discovered in Mesopotamia. Under the remote supervision of Leonard Woolley, it was reconstructed by the Penn Museum. In 1985, Jeanny Canby determined that it had been pieced back incorrectly. She removed the plaster filler of the stele, and added the rearranged pieces she found in the museum's storeroom, and discovered the figure of a courtesan embracing a deity. "It's an amazingly intimate scene for a royal monument," she said.
# See also.
- Sumerian King List
- Code of Ur-Nammu
# External links.
- Site drawings of the temple built by Ur-Nammu at Ur to | 16,573 |
750618 | Ur-Nammu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ur-Nammu | Ur-Nammu
pieces she found in the museum's storeroom, and discovered the figure of a courtesan embracing a deity. "It's an amazingly intimate scene for a royal monument," she said.
# See also.
- Sumerian King List
- Code of Ur-Nammu
# External links.
- Site drawings of the temple built by Ur-Nammu at Ur to the moon god Nanna.
- Nabonidus dedication to the Ziggurat
- The Code of Ur-Nammu at Britannica
- Foundation Figurine of King Ur-Nammu at the Oriental Institute of Chicago
- The face of Ur-Namma. A realistic statue of Ur-Namma shows us how he may have looked.
- A brief description of the reign of Ur-Namma.
- I am Ur-Namma. The life and death of Ur-Namma, as told in Babylonian literature. | 16,574 |
750593 | Fiat Cinquecento | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fiat%20Cinquecento | Fiat Cinquecento
Fiat Cinquecento
The Fiat Cinquecento (Type 170) (, ) is a city car, launched by Fiat in December 1991, to replace the Fiat 126. It was the first Fiat model to be solely manufactured in the Fiat Auto Poland plant in Tychy, Poland, which had been sold to Fiat by the Polish state, and where production of the Polish variant of the Fiat 126, the Polski Fiat 126p, continued until 2000.
The Cinquecento featured several advances compared to older Fiat city cars, including independent suspension both in the front and in the rear (similar to the Fiat Tipo), front disc brakes, side impact bars along with crumple zones incorporated in the design and galvanized body panels to fend off corrosion.
Production | 16,575 |
750593 | Fiat Cinquecento | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fiat%20Cinquecento | Fiat Cinquecento
of the Cinquecento ended in 1998, when it was replaced by the Seicento. Despite its name, its lowest displacement was 704 cc. The Cinquecento was available in one body style only, a small, angular three door hatchback, with a favourable drag coefficient of only 0.33 that bore similarities to the Lancia Y10.
Steering was by rack and pinion, and although power steering was never offered, the car could be ordered with a number of extras, including central locking, power windows, sunroof (or full-length retractable canvas roof in the "Soleil" version) and air conditioning.
The right hand drive version for the British market was not launched until June 1993, over 18 months after its original release. | 16,576 |
750593 | Fiat Cinquecento | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fiat%20Cinquecento | Fiat Cinquecento
At the time it was one of the few city cars sold there. The Renault Twingo, launched around the same time as the Cinquecento, was not sold in Britain, as Renault did not feel that there was sufficient demand for that type of car there at the time. However, by the end of the 1990s, city cars in Britain – and indeed most of the rest of Europe – were enjoying a rise in popularity, with the arrival of new city cars including the Ford Ka, SEAT Arosa and Volkswagen Lupo.
# Engines.
Unlike the rear-wheel drive 126, the Cinquecento was a front-wheel-drive car. Whereas the 126 had a rear mounted engine, the Cinquecento now featured a front mounted engine.
It was initially available with two engine | 16,577 |
750593 | Fiat Cinquecento | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fiat%20Cinquecento | Fiat Cinquecento
choices, with the 1.1 L "FIRE" or "sporting" joining the lineup later. Although the 704 cc engine was mounted longitudinally, the bigger units were fitted transversely, making the little Fiat one of the few cars in the world available with both configurations at the same time.
## 704 cc.
The smallest engine, intended for sale in Poland only, was a 704 cc OHV two cylinder unit, delivering or with catalyst. Cinquecento inherited this unit from the 126p BIS, an evolution of the 126p which was cancelled when the Cinquecento production started.
In order to be fitted in the front-wheel drive Cinquecento, it underwent a major refurbishment (although the engine still employed a carburettor), which | 16,578 |
750593 | Fiat Cinquecento | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fiat%20Cinquecento | Fiat Cinquecento
resulted, among other changes, in the crankshaft revolving in the opposite direction than in the 126p BIS.
## 903/899 cc.
The bigger engine was the 903 cc version of the veteran Fiat 100 OHV four cylinder engine, which saw service in many small Fiat models, starting with Fiat 850. (This engine dates back to the initial 633 cc unit as introduced in the 1955 FIAT 600.)
It was fitted with single point fuel injection and was the base engine in most markets. Due to fiscal limitations, the displacement of this unit was limited to 899 cc in 1993, with a slight reduction of output, now producing . This engine is derived from that used in the Fiat 127.
While it still retains OHV chain drive pushrod | 16,579 |
750593 | Fiat Cinquecento | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fiat%20Cinquecento | Fiat Cinquecento
layout it now has hydraulic tappets. Also now uses twin coil distributorless ignition.
## 1.1 "FIRE" (Sporting).
In 1994, Fiat introduced the Cinquecento Sporting, featuring the 1108 cc SOHC "FIRE" engine from the entry level Punto of the same era, mated to a close ratio gearbox. Other additions were a drop in standard ride height, front anti roll bar, 13" alloy wheels, plus colour coded bumpers and mirrors. The interior saw a tachometer added, along with sports seats, red seatbelts and a leather steering wheel and gear knob.
It is the Sporting model which gave birth to a rallying trophy and a Group A Kit-Car version.
## Elettra.
From 1992 to 1996, Fiat also produced and sold an electric | 16,580 |
750593 | Fiat Cinquecento | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fiat%20Cinquecento | Fiat Cinquecento
variant of the Cinquecento called the Elettra. The car was offered with either a lead acid or NiCd battery pack, providing a ranges of and respectively. Unlike purpose built electric cars, the Cinquecento Elettra used two battery packs, one in the engine bay and one under the rear seats, replacing the fuel tank.
Although selling for 140,000 francs (~US$23,000), the Cinquecento Elettra enjoyed relative popularity in Italy, France and Switzerland.
# Abarth.
Fiat offered optional extras from the factory labelled with the Abarth name. The Abarth extras for the Cinquecento consisted of cosmetic changes only. A front apron with fitted fog lights, a rear apron, side skirts and a rear spoiler with | 16,581 |
750593 | Fiat Cinquecento | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fiat%20Cinquecento | Fiat Cinquecento
a fitted 3rd brake light. There were also a set of 13" Speedline five spoke alloys wheels available, instead of the standard Sporting alloys.
Unlike true Abarth models, there were no engine upgrades available from the factory and the car could not be purchased as a whole separate model. The Abarth parts were to be added by the purchaser at the time of ordering, hence why it is common to see cars with only some of the Abarth extras.
# Concepts.
During the 1990s, a number of concept cars based on the Fiat Cinquecento were developed, by a number of design houses, including one that featured half of the car's interior and a "running board" to place bikes.
Another of these designs was the Lucciola, | 16,582 |
750593 | Fiat Cinquecento | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fiat%20Cinquecento | Fiat Cinquecento
a proposal for a new Cinquecento by Giorgetto Giugiaro. However, instead of the car becoming the next small Fiat city car, a version of the design ended up being put into production by the South Korean Daewoo Motor, as their Matiz in 1998. Instead, Fiat decided to update the Cinquecento's styling in early 1998 and relaunch it as the Seicento, which continued until 2010 and enabled the Cinquecento's basic design and most of its mechanicals to survive for nearly 20 years.
# "The Inbetweeners".
A Fiat Cinquecento appears in several episodes of the British sitcom "The Inbetweeners", in which main character Simon Cooper owns a yellow, fictional model known as a Fiat Cinquecento 'Hawaii' (the car | 16,583 |
750593 | Fiat Cinquecento | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fiat%20Cinquecento | Fiat Cinquecento
used in filming is an 899cc model). Its appearance and features (including a tape deck and a replacement red side door) are frequently ridiculed by the lads. In March 2011, the car was listed on eBay, in order to raise money for "Red Nose Day 2011".
Over the course of the series, the car ends up with the following misfortunes:
- Simon driving the car into the middle of a slow funeral procession (Thorpe Park).
- Main character Jay Cartwright tearing off the passenger door when Simon is trying to park it at Thorpe Park (Thorpe Park).
- The Happy Foundation bus trashing the car after main character Will McKenzie insults them on the Nemesis Inferno (Thorpe Park).
- Main character Neil Sutherland | 16,584 |
750593 | Fiat Cinquecento | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fiat%20Cinquecento | Fiat Cinquecento
Sutherland engaging in fingering and a handjob with a punk girl, causing the seats to go all damp (Caravan Club).
- The car getting clamped after Simon parks in front of a 'no parking' sign by a warehouse, followed by an angry man beating the car after he missed all his deliveries, because of Simon's clamped car blocking his van (A Night Out in London).
- The car drifting into a lake after Jay fails to apply the handbrake (The Camping Trip).
In the short lived American remake of the show, the car was replaced with a Ford Festiva, with the replacement door being coloured blue instead of red.
# External links.
- ClubCento - British owners club
- Fiat Scotland - Scottish Fiat owners club | 16,585 |
750629 | Space simulator | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Space%20simulator | Space simulator
Space simulator
A space simulator is a system that tries to replicate or simulate outer space as closely and realistically as possible. The experience of space flight in a spacecraft is usually part of this. This includes full-size cockpit replicas mounted on hydraulic rams and controlled by state of the art computer technology; elaborate watertanks for simulation of weightlessness; and devices used by scientists to study the physics and environment of outer space.
Space flight simulators are used almost solely by the aerospace industry and the military for cosmonaut/astronaut training, disaster simulation and spacecraft design. Examples of devices that simulate the environment of outer space | 16,586 |
750629 | Space simulator | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Space%20simulator | Space simulator
dustry and the military for cosmonaut/astronaut training, disaster simulation and spacecraft design. Examples of devices that simulate the environment of outer space include the Large Space Simulator at the European Space Research and Technology Centre and The Space Simulator at the Los Alamos National Laboratory.
The world's first Space Simulator that is available for the public and is for entertainment is at SimCenter Tampa Bay in Clearwater, Florida and it allows people to travel in space in virtual reality.
# External links.
- Description of Large Space Simulator at ESTEC
- Standard3D Stereoscopic Space Simulator including 30 exoplanets
- 3D full immersion 360 degree space simulator | 16,587 |
750619 | Francesco Maria Piave | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francesco%20Maria%20Piave | Francesco Maria Piave
Francesco Maria Piave
Francesco Maria Piave (18 May 1810 – 5 March 1876) was an Italian opera librettist who was born in Murano in the lagoon of Venice, during the brief Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy.
# Career.
Piave's career spanned over twenty years working with many of the significant composers of his day, including Giovanni Pacini (four librettos), Saverio Mercadante (at least one), Federico Ricci, and even one for Michael Balfe. He is most well known as Giuseppe Verdi's librettist, for whom he was to write 10 librettos, the most well-known being those for "Rigoletto" and "La traviata".
But Piave was not only a librettist: he was a journalist and translator in addition to being the resident | 16,588 |
750619 | Francesco Maria Piave | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francesco%20Maria%20Piave | Francesco Maria Piave
poet and stage manager at La Fenice in Venice where he first encountered Verdi. Later, Verdi was helpful in securing him the same position at La Scala in Milan. His expertise as a stage manager and his tact as a negotiator served Verdi very well, but the composer bullied him mercilessly for his pains over many years.
Like Verdi, Piave was an ardent Italian patriot, and in 1848, during Milan's ""Cinque Giornate,"" when Radetzky's Austrian troops retreated from the city, Verdi wrote to Piave in Venice addressing him as "Citizen Piave."
Together, they worked on ten operas between 1844 and 1862, and Piave would have also prepared the libretto for "Aida" when Verdi accepted the commission for it | 16,589 |
750619 | Francesco Maria Piave | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francesco%20Maria%20Piave | Francesco Maria Piave
in 1870, had he not suffered a stroke which left him paralyzed and unable to speak. Verdi helped to support his wife and daughter, proposing that "an album of pieces by famous composers be compiled and sold for Piave's benefit". The composer paid for his funeral when he died nine years later in Milan aged 65 and arranged for his burial at the Monumental Cemetery.
# Piave's librettos for Verdi.
From the beginnings of their working relationship in 1844, scholars such as Gabriele Baldini see Verdi's overall influence upon the structure of his work take a big leap forward when he notes:
This statement suggests that, almost for the first time, the composer was going to be the one who determined | 16,590 |
750619 | Francesco Maria Piave | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francesco%20Maria%20Piave | Francesco Maria Piave
"that drama essentially consisted of the arrangement of pieces and the clarity of the musical forms..[so that]..he began to become aware of the structure and architecture of musical composition, something which was not even clearly hinted at during the period with Solera. The composer began to control the overall dramatic arc of the drama and no longer would he "suffer under" such librettists as Temistocle Solera, who wrote the libretti for five Verdi operas beginning with "Oberto" and up to "Attila" in 1846.
An example of the pressure which Verdi exerted on Piave was in the struggle to have the Venetian censors approve "Rigoletto": "Turn Venice upside down to make the censors permit this subject" | 16,591 |
750619 | Francesco Maria Piave | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francesco%20Maria%20Piave | Francesco Maria Piave
he demanded, following that up with the admonition not to allow the matter to drag on: "If I were the poet I would be very, very concerned, all the more because you would be greatly responsible if by chance (may the Devil not make it happen) they should not allow this drama [to be staged]"
Nonetheless, another Verdi scholar notes that "Verdi always harried him unmercifully, often having his work revised by others [as in the case of "Simon Boccanegra"] [but] Piave rewarded him with doglike devotion, and the two remained on terms of sincere friendship." Piave became "someone Verdi loved".
In following Salvadore Cammarano as Verdi's main mid-career librettist, Piave firstly wrote "Ernani" in | 16,592 |
750619 | Francesco Maria Piave | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francesco%20Maria%20Piave | Francesco Maria Piave
1844, and then "I due Foscari" (1844), "Attila" (1846), "Macbeth" (the 1847 first version), "Il Corsaro" (1848), "Stiffelio" (1850), "Rigoletto" (1851), "La traviata" (1853), "Simon Boccanegra" (the 1857 first version), "Aroldo" (1857), "La forza del destino" (the 1862 first version), and "Macbeth" (the 1865 second version).
# Filmography.
- ", directed by Vincenzo Sorelli (1938)
- ", directed by Carmine Gallone (1946)
- "", directed by Carmine Gallone (1947)
- "The Force of Destiny", directed by Carmine Gallone (1950)
- "Rigoletto e la sua tragedia", directed by Flavio Calzavara (1956)
- "", directed by Mario Lanfranchi (1968)
- "Rigoletto", directed by Jean-Pierre Ponnelle (1982)
- | 16,593 |
750619 | Francesco Maria Piave | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francesco%20Maria%20Piave | Francesco Maria Piave
"La Traviata", directed by Franco Zeffirelli (1983)
- "Macbeth", directed by Claude d'Anna (1987)
- "Giuseppe Verdi's Rigoletto Story", directed by Gianfranco Fozzi (2005)
# References.
Notes
Sources
- Baldini, Gabriele (1970), (trans. Roger Parker, 1980), "The Story of Giuseppe Verdi: Oberto to Un Ballo in Maschera". Cambridge, "et al": Cambridge University Press.
- Black, John (1998), "Piave, Francesco Maria" in Stanley Sadie, (Ed.), "The New Grove Dictionary of Opera", Vol. Three, pp. 999. London: Macmillan Publishers, Inc.
- Budden, Julian (1996), "Verdi". New York: Schirmer Books (Master Musicians Series).
- Kimball, David (2001), in Holden, Amanda (Ed.), "The New Penguin Opera | 16,594 |
750619 | Francesco Maria Piave | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francesco%20Maria%20Piave | Francesco Maria Piave
ohn (1998), "Piave, Francesco Maria" in Stanley Sadie, (Ed.), "The New Grove Dictionary of Opera", Vol. Three, pp. 999. London: Macmillan Publishers, Inc.
- Budden, Julian (1996), "Verdi". New York: Schirmer Books (Master Musicians Series).
- Kimball, David (2001), in Holden, Amanda (Ed.), "The New Penguin Opera Guide", New York: Penguin Putnam, 2001.
- O'Grady, Deidre (2000), "Piave, Boito, Pirandello: From Romantic Realism to Modernism" (Studies in Italian Literature). Edwin Mellon Press.
- Phillips-Matz, Mary Jane (1993), "Verdi: A Biography", London & New York: Oxford University Press.
- Werfel, Franz and Stefan, Paul (1973), "Verdi: The Man and His Letters", New York: Vienna House. | 16,595 |
750615 | J Mascis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J%20Mascis | J Mascis
J Mascis
Joseph Donald Mascis Jr. (; born December 10, 1965) is an American musician, best known as the singer, guitarist and main songwriter for the alternative rock band Dinosaur Jr. He has also released several albums as a solo artist and played drums and guitar on other projects. His most recent solo album, "Elastic Days", was released in November 2018. He was ranked number 86 in a "Rolling Stone" list of the "100 Greatest Guitarists", and number 5 in a similar list for "Spin" magazine in 2012.
# Biography.
Mascis was born in Amherst, Massachusetts, the son of a dentist and grew up in the same area together with his sister Patty and an older brother. His mother, Theresa (an avid golfer), | 16,596 |
750615 | J Mascis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J%20Mascis | J Mascis
died in 1985 while his father, Joseph Sr., died in 1993.
Mascis became a music and drumming fan at the age of 9. He joined the jazz ensemble in school as a drummer, because there was not one of rock or punk. At 17, Mascis joined the short-lived hardcore group Deep Wound with Lou Barlow, Scott Helland, and Charlie Nakajima in the early 1980s. He went on to found Dinosaur Jr. with bassist Barlow and drummer Emmett Jefferson "Patrick" Murphy (aka "Murph") in 1984, switching to guitar in the process, and they achieved national success. His vocals have been described as "Neil Young-like" and his guitar riffs as "monolithic". Mascis dismissed Barlow from Dinosaur Jr. in 1989 and over the next eight | 16,597 |
750615 | J Mascis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J%20Mascis | J Mascis
years recorded several more Dinosaur Jr. albums, as well as the 1996 acoustic solo album "Martin + Me". In 1989 Kurt Cobain suggested that Mascis join Nirvana.
The manager for Deep Wound was Gerard Cosloy, who then went on to found Homestead Records. Homestead released Dinosaur Jr.'s first record. Mascis says that the reason why Dinosaur Jr.'s sound is not fully formed on that record is that they were more or less automatically signed to Homestead. Megan Jasper, vice president at Sub Pop Records characterises this period as "J had some anger, like any punk rock kid. Usually, though, when a young person is angry, they tend to be really loud. And J wasn’t. He was only loud when he played music".
As | 16,598 |
750615 | J Mascis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J%20Mascis | J Mascis
a side project, he was the drummer in Boston doom metal group Upsidedown Cross, who released a self-titled album on Taang! Records in 1991. He wrote songs for the film "Gas, Food, Lodging," in which he made a cameo appearance. In 1996, he had a small part in the movie "Grace of my Heart" and provided a ballad and a Beach Boys-like song for the soundtrack. In 1998, he retired the Dinosaur Jr. name.
In April 2005 Mascis, Barlow, and Murph reformed the band for a tour celebrating the re-release of the group's first three albums. The reunited line-up has since released four new albums: "Beyond" in 2007, "Farm" in 2009, "I Bet on Sky" in 2012, and "Give a Glimpse of What Yer Not" in 2016.
## Solo | 16,599 |
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