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750615 | J Mascis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J%20Mascis | J Mascis
material.
In 2000 he began producing albums with his new band, J Mascis + The Fog. In 2003, the house and studio he owned burned down.
In August 2005 Mascis released "J and Friends Sing and Chant For Amma", a solo album under the J Mascis and Friends banner. The album consists of devotional songs dedicated to Hindu religious leader Mata Amritanandamayi, or Ammachi, about whom he had written "Ammaring" on the first J Mascis + The Fog album "More Light". The proceeds from the album are being donated to tsunami relief efforts Ammachi's organization is spearheading. In 2008 the six-track album was made available digitally on his own Baked Goods label.
In 2006 Mascis returned to drumming with | 16,600 |
750615 | J Mascis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J%20Mascis | J Mascis
his newly formed heavy metal band Witch for their self-titled debut album.
Also that year, he collaborated with Evan Dando on a new Lemonheads album. The Lemonheads was released that September, featuring Mascis playing lead guitar.
In 2010 Mascis joined with John Petkovic and Tim Parnin of Cobra Verde and Dave Sweetapple of Witch to form Sweet Apple. The self-titled debut album was released on Tee Pee Records. Mascis plays drums, guitar, and sings on the album.
Mascis released a mostly acoustic album in March 2011 titled "Several Shades of Why" on Sub Pop Records. He was joined in the studio by several guest musicians, including Kurt Vile, Ben Bridwell and Sophie Trudeau. Mascis toured North | 16,601 |
750615 | J Mascis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J%20Mascis | J Mascis
America with Vile as support act to promote the album. In 2013 Richard Ayoade cast J Mascis in a small role, a caretaker, in his film The Double. Mascis's electric guitar work is featured on the 2014 Strand of Oaks album "Heal".
In April 2014 he played with reunited Nirvana on a secret gig after the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductions. He sang the songs School, Pennyroyal Tea and Drain You. In August 2014 he released the solo album "Tied to a Star" on Sub Pop and toured in support of it.
# Personal life.
His wife, Luisa, whom he met in New York in the mid 1990s and married in 2004, is from Berlin, Germany They reside in Amherst, Massachusetts, in a house formerly owned by Robert Thurman, | 16,602 |
750615 | J Mascis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J%20Mascis | J Mascis
a professor of religion noted for his work on Buddhism, and father of actress Uma Thurman. In September 2007 they had a baby boy named Rory. His brother-in-law is German filmmaker Philipp Virus, the director of the 2006 Dinosaur Jr. DVD "Live in the Middle East". He is a devotee of Mata Amritanandamayi, a Hindu guru and author. Mascis explained that he discovered her in the mid 1990s when "I was at my lowest, as the band got bigger, I got more depressed. I was looking for anyone to help, to feel better".
In 1982 Mascis became a straight edge, part of a hardcore punk associated movement whose members avoid drug and alcohol abuse. Since then, he has mostly been a teetotaler and never used other | 16,603 |
750615 | J Mascis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J%20Mascis | J Mascis
recreational drugs.
# Signature Jazzmasters.
July 2007 saw the release of a signature guitar by Fender, the J Mascis Signature Jazzmaster. The instrument comes in a Purple Sparkle finish and, while otherwise visually similar to a standard Jazzmaster, features a few modifications J requested. December 2011 saw the release of the Squier by Fender J Mascis Jazzmaster. This features a basswood body, C-shaped maple neck, rosewood fingerboard with 9.5" radius and 21 jumbo frets, two single-coil Jazzmaster pickups which have been replaced with Kinman Guitar Electrix ThickMaster (Jazzmaster) Zero-Hum pickups, three-position switching and dual tone circuits, gold anodized aluminum pickguard, aged white | 16,604 |
750615 | J Mascis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J%20Mascis | J Mascis
plastic parts (knobs, switch tip, pickup covers), Adjusto-Matic™ bridge with vintage-style floating tremolo tailpiece, vintage-style tuners, chrome hardware, Vintage White finish and J Mascis signature on the back of the large '60s-style headstock.
# Discography.
## Solo albums.
- "Martin + Me" (1996)
- "The John Peel Sessions" (2003)
- "J and Friends Sing and Chant for Amma" (2005)
- "J Mascis Live at CBGB's" (2006)
- "Several Shades of Why" (2011)
- "Tied to a Star" (2014)
- "Elastic Days" (2018)
## Dinosaur Jr..
- "Dinosaur" (1985)
- "You're Living All Over Me" (1987)
- "Bug" (1988)
- "Whatever's Cool With Me" (1991)
- "Green Mind" (1991)
- "Where You Been" (1993)
- "Without | 16,605 |
750615 | J Mascis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J%20Mascis | J Mascis
a Sound" (1994)
- "Hand It Over" (1997)
- "Beyond" (2007)
- "Farm" (2009)
- "I Bet on Sky" (2012)
- "Give a Glimpse of What Yer Not" (2016)
## J Mascis + The Fog.
- ""More Light" (2000)
- "Free So Free" (2002)
## Witch.
- "Witch" – Tee Pee Records (2006)
- "Paralyzed" – Tee Pee Records (2008)
## Deep Wound.
- "American Style" (1982 – 7" – demo)
- "Deep Wound" (1983 – 7" – Radiobeat)
- "Bands That Could Be God LP"
- "Discography" (2006 – Compilation – Damaged Goods)
## Upsidedown Cross.
- Upsidedown Cross (1991)
- Evilution (1993)
- Witchcraft (1997)
- Sloth/Updsidedown Cross Split (2002)
## Sweet Apple.
- "Do You Remember 7"" – Valley King Records (2010)
- "Love & Desperation" | 16,606 |
750615 | J Mascis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J%20Mascis | J Mascis
– Tee Pee Records (2010)
- "I've Got a Feeling (That Won't Change) 7"" – Damaged Goods (2010)
- "Elected/No Government 7"" – Outer Battery Records (2012)
- "Wish You Could Stay (A Little Longer)/Traffic 7"" – Outer Battery Records (2013)
- "The Golden Age of Glitter" – Tee Pee Records (2014)
## Heavy Blanket.
- "Heavy Blanket" – Outer Battery Records (2012)
- "Live at Tym Guitars – Brisbane, Australia" – Tym Records (2013)
- "In a Dutch Haze" – Collaboration with Earthless – Outer Battery Records (2014)
## Collaborations.
- "One Track Heart: The Story of Krishna Das (OST)" (2013) collaboration with Devadas
- "Feed - Japanese Voyeurs"
Mascis plays guitar and sings backing vocals on | 16,607 |
750615 | J Mascis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J%20Mascis | J Mascis
fic 7"" – Outer Battery Records (2013)
- "The Golden Age of Glitter" – Tee Pee Records (2014)
## Heavy Blanket.
- "Heavy Blanket" – Outer Battery Records (2012)
- "Live at Tym Guitars – Brisbane, Australia" – Tym Records (2013)
- "In a Dutch Haze" – Collaboration with Earthless – Outer Battery Records (2014)
## Collaborations.
- "One Track Heart: The Story of Krishna Das (OST)" (2013) collaboration with Devadas
- "Feed - Japanese Voyeurs"
Mascis plays guitar and sings backing vocals on the song "Feed" by the now inactive post grunge band Japanese Voyeurs. "Feed" can be found on the band's only album to date, "yolk", released independently July 2012.
# External links.
- JMascis.com | 16,608 |
750583 | Battle of Dyrrhachium (1081) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Dyrrhachium%20(1081) | Battle of Dyrrhachium (1081)
Battle of Dyrrhachium (1081)
The Battle of Dyrrhachium (near present-day Durrës in Albania) took place on October 18, 1081 between the Byzantine Empire, led by the Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118), and the Normans of southern Italy under Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria. The battle was fought outside the city of Dyrrhachium (also known as "Durazzo"), the Byzantine capital of Illyria, and ended in a Norman victory.
Following the Norman conquest of Byzantine Italy and Saracen Sicily, the Byzantine emperor, Michael VII Doukas (r. 1071–1078), betrothed his son to Robert Guiscard's daughter. When Michael was deposed, Robert took this as an excuse to invade the Byzantine Empire | 16,609 |
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in 1081. His army laid siege to Dyrrhachium, but his fleet was defeated by the Venetians. On October 18, the Normans engaged a Byzantine army under Alexios I Komnenos outside Dyrrhachium. The battle began with the Byzantine right wing routing the Norman left wing, which broke and fled. Varangian mercenaries joined in the pursuit of the fleeing Normans, but became separated from the main force and were massacred. Norman knights in the centre attacked the Byzantine centre and routed it, causing the bulk of the Byzantine army to rout.
After this victory, the Normans took Dyrrhachium in February 1082 and advanced inland, capturing most of Macedonia and Thessaly. Robert was then forced to leave | 16,610 |
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Greece to deal with an attack on his ally, the Pope, by the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry IV (r. 1084–1105). Robert left his son Bohemond in charge of the army in Greece. Bohemond was initially successful, defeating Alexios in several battles, but was defeated by Alexios outside Larissa in 1083. Forced to retreat to Italy, Bohemond lost all the territory gained by the Normans in the campaign. The Byzantine recovery began the Komnenian restoration.
# Background.
The Normans first arrived in Southern Italy in 1015 from northern France and served local Lombard lords as mercenaries against the Byzantine Empire. As they were paid with lands, soon they were powerful enough to challenge Papal authority; | 16,611 |
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in 1054, they defeated the Pope at the Battle of Civitate, forcing him to acknowledge their authority. In 1059, the Pope made Robert Guiscard, of the Hauteville family, Duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. However, most of Apulia and Calabria were in Byzantine hands, and Sicily was in Saracen hands.
By 1071, Robert, together with his brother Roger, had taken over the last Byzantine stronghold in Italy, Bari. By the next year, they conquered all of Sicily, ending the Islamic Emirate of Sicily. In 1073, the Byzantine Emperor Michael VII sent an envoy to Robert offering the hand of his son Constantine to Robert's daughter Helena. Guiscard accepted the offer and sent his daughter to Constantinople. | 16,612 |
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However, in 1078, Michael was overthrown by Nicephorus Botaneiates, an event that destroyed any chances Helena had for the throne. This gave Robert a motive to invade the empire claiming his daughter had been mistreated; however, his intervention was delayed by a revolt in Italy.
Robert conscripted all men of a fighting age into the army, which he refitted. Meanwhile, he sent an ambassador to the Byzantine court with orders to demand proper treatment for Helena and to win over the Domestic of the Schools, Alexios. The results of these attempts remain unknown, but the ambassador fell under Alexios's charm and as he was returning to Italy, he heard of Alexios's successful coup against Botaneiates, | 16,613 |
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by which he became Alexios I Komnenos.
When the ambassador returned, he urged Robert to make peace, claiming that Alexios wanted nothing but friendship with the Normans. Robert had no intention of peace; he sent his son Bohemond with an advance force towards Greece and Bohemond landed at Aulon, with Robert following shortly after.
# Prelude.
The Norman fleet of 150 ships including 60 horse transports set off towards the Byzantine Empire at the end of May 1081. The army numbered 15,000 men, including about 1,300 Norman knights. The fleet sailed to Avalona in Byzantine territory; they were joined by several ships from Ragusa, a republic in the Balkans who were enemies of the Byzantines.
Robert | 16,614 |
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soon left Avalona and sailed to the island of Corfu, which surrendered because of a small garrison. Having won a bridgehead and a clear path for reinforcements from Italy, he advanced on the city of Dyrrhachium, the capital and chief port of Illyria. The city was well defended on a long, narrow peninsula running parallel to the coast, but separated by marshlands. Guiscard brought his army onto the peninsula and pitched camp outside the city walls. However, as Robert's fleet sailed to Dyrrhachium, it was hit by a storm and lost several ships.
Meanwhile, when Alexios heard that the Normans were preparing to invade Byzantine territory, he sent an ambassador to the Doge of Venice, Domenico Selvo, | 16,615 |
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requesting aid and offering trading rights in return. The Doge, alarmed by Norman control of the Strait of Otranto, took command of the Venetian fleet and sailed at once, surprising the Norman fleet under the command of Bohemond as night was falling. The Normans counter-attacked tenaciously, but their inexperience in naval combat betrayed them. The experienced Venetian navy attacked in a close formation known as "sea harbour" and together with their use of Greek fire "bombs", the Norman line scattered, and the Venetian fleet sailed into Dyrrhachium's harbour.
# Siege of Dyrrhachium.
Robert was not discouraged by this naval defeat, and began his siege of Dyrrhachium. In command of the garrison | 16,616 |
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at Dyrrhachium was the experienced general George Palaiologos, sent by Alexios with orders to hold out at all costs while Alexios himself mustered an army to relieve the city.
Meanwhile, a Byzantine fleet arrived and – after joining with the Venetian fleet – attacked the Norman fleet, which was again routed. The garrison at Dyrrhachium managed to hold out all summer, despite Robert's catapults, ballistae and siege tower. The garrison made continuous sallies from the city; on one occasion, Palaiologos fought all day with an arrowhead in his skull. Another sally succeeded in destroying Robert's siege tower.
Robert's camp was struck by disease; according to contemporary historian Anna Comnena | 16,617 |
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up to 10,000 men died, including 500 knights. Even so, the situation of the Dyrrhachium garrison grew desperate because of the effects of Norman siege weapons. Alexios learned of this while he was in Salonica with his army so he advanced in full force against the Normans. According to Comnena, Alexios had about 20,000 men; historian John Haldon puts the army's size between 18,000 and 20,000 men, while John Birkenmeier estimates it between 20–25,000 men. It consisted of Thracian and Macedonian tagmata, which numbered about 5,000 men; the elite excubitors and vestiaritai units, which numbered around 1,000 men; a force of Manichaeans which comprised 2,800 men, Thessalian cavalry, Balkan conscripts, | 16,618 |
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Armenian infantry and other light troops. As well as the native troops, the Byzantines were joined by 2,000 Turkish and 1,000 Frankish mercenaries, about 1,000 Varangians and 7,000 Turkish auxiliaries sent by the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm. Alexios also withdrew the tagmas from Heraclea Pontica and the remaining Byzantine holdings in Asia Minor and by doing so, he effectively left them to be overrun by the Turks.
# Battle.
## Initial moves.
Alexios advanced from Salonica and pitched camp on the river Charzanes near Dyrrhachium on October 15. He held a war council there and sought advice from his senior officers; among them was George Palaiologos, who had managed to sneak out of the city. A majority | 16,619 |
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of the senior officers, including Palaiologos, urged caution, noting that time was with the Emperor. Alexios, however, favoured an immediate assault, hoping to catch Guiscard's army from the rear, while they were still besieging the city. Alexios moved his army to the hills opposite the city, planning to attack the Normans the next day.
Guiscard, however, had been informed of Alexios' arrival by his scouts and on the night of October 17, he moved his army from the peninsula to the mainland. Upon learning of Guiscard's move, Alexios revised his battle plan. He split his army into three divisions, with the left wing under the command of Gregory Pakourianos, the right wing under the command of | 16,620 |
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Nikephoros Melissenos, and himself in command of the centre. Guiscard formed his battle line opposite Alexios's, with the right wing under the command of the Count of Giovinazzo, the left under Bohemond and Guiscard facing Alexios in the centre.
The Varangians had been ordered to march just in front of the main line with a strong division of archers a little behind them. The archers had been commanded to move in front of the Varangians and fire a volley before retreating behind them. The archers continued this tactic until the army neared contact.
As the opposing armies closed in, Guiscard sent a detachment of cavalry positioned in the centre to feint an attack on the Byzantine positions. | 16,621 |
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Guiscard hoped the feint would draw up the Varangians; however, this plan failed when the cavalry was forced back by the archers. The Norman right wing suddenly charged forward to the point where the Byzantine left and centre met, directing its attack against the Varangian left flank. The Varangians stood their ground while the Byzantine left, including some of Alexios' elite troops, attacked the Normans. The Norman formation disintegrated and the routed Normans fled towards the beach. There, according to Comnena, they were rallied by Guiscard's wife, Sikelgaita, described as "like another Pallas, if not a second Athena".
## Byzantine collapse.
In the meantime, the Byzantine right and centre | 16,622 |
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had been engaging in skirmishes with the Normans opposite them. However, with the collapse of the Norman right, the knights were in danger of being outflanked. At this point, the Varangians (mainly Anglo-Saxons who had left England after the Norman Conquest) joined in the pursuit of the Norman right. With their massive battle axes, the Varangians attacked the Norman knights, who were driven away after their horses panicked. The Varangians soon became separated from the main force and exhausted so they were in no position to resist an assault. Guiscard sent a strong force of spearmen and crossbowmen against the Varangian flank and inflicted heavy casualties on them. The few remaining Varangians | 16,623 |
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fled into the church of the Archangel Michael. The Normans immediately set the church on fire, and all Varangians perished in the blaze.
Meanwhile, George Palaiologos sortied out of Dyrrhachium, but failed to save the situation. Alexios's ally, Serbian King Constantine Bodin stayed aside with his army, intending to await the outcome of the battle. When the Byzantines were defeated and started to flee, Bodin retreated with his army. The Turks who had been lent to him by the Seljuk Sultan Suleyman I followed Constantine's example.
Deprived of his left wing (still in pursuit of the Norman right), Alexios was exposed in the centre. Guiscard sent his heavy cavalry against the Byzantine centre. | 16,624 |
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They first routed the Byzantine skirmishers before breaking into small detachments and smashing into various points of the Byzantine line. This charge broke the Byzantine lines and caused them to rout. The imperial camp, which had been left unguarded, fell to the Normans.
Alexios and his guards resisted as long as they could before retreating. As they retreated, Alexios was separated from his guard and was attacked by Norman soldiers. While escaping, he was wounded in his forehead and lost a lot of blood, but eventually made it back to Ohrid, where he regrouped his army.
# Aftermath.
The battle was a heavy defeat for Alexios. Historian Jonathan Harris states that the defeat was "every bit | 16,625 |
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as severe as that at Manzikert." He lost about 5,000 of his men, including most of the Varangians. Norman losses are unknown, but John Haldon claims they are substantial as both wings broke and fled. Historian Robert Holmes states: "The new knightly tactic of charging with the lance "couched" – tucked firmly under the arm to unite the impact of man and horse – proved a battle-winner."
George Palaiologos had not been able to re-enter the city after the battle and left with the main force. The defense of the citadel was left to the Venetians, while the city itself was left to the Count of the Tent (or Byzantine provincial administrators) mobilizing from Arbanon (i.e., ἐξ Ἀρβάνων ὁρμωμένω Κομισκόρτη; | 16,626 |
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the term "Κομισκόρτη" is short for κόμης της κόρτης meaning "Count of the Tent").
In February 1082, Dyrrhachium fell after a Venetian or Amalfian citizen opened the gates to the Normans. The Norman army proceeded to take most of northern Greece without facing much resistance. While Guiscard was in Kastoria, messengers arrived from Italy, bearing news that Apulia, Calabria, and Campania were in revolt. He also learned that the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry IV, was at the gates of Rome and besieging Pope Gregory VII, a Norman ally. Alexios had negotiated with Henry and given him 360,000 gold pieces in return for an alliance. Henry responded by invading Italy and attacking the Pope. Guiscard rushed | 16,627 |
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to Italy, leaving Bohemond in command of the army in Greece.
Alexios, desperate for money, ordered the confiscation of all the church's treasure. With this money, Alexios mustered an army near Thessalonica and went to fight Bohemond. However, Bohemond defeated Alexios in two battles: one near Arta and the other near Ioannina. This left Bohemond in control of Macedonia and nearly all of Thessaly. Bohemond advanced with his army against the city of Larissa. Meanwhile, Alexios had mustered a new army and with 7,000 Seljuk Turks sent by the Sultan, he advanced on the Normans at Larissa and defeated them. The demoralised and unpaid Norman army returned to the coast and sailed back to Italy. Meanwhile, | 16,628 |
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mustered a new army and with 7,000 Seljuk Turks sent by the Sultan, he advanced on the Normans at Larissa and defeated them. The demoralised and unpaid Norman army returned to the coast and sailed back to Italy. Meanwhile, Alexios granted the Venetians a commercial colony in Constantinople, as well as exemption from trading duties in return for their renewed aid. They responded by recapturing Dyrrhachium and Corfu and returning them to the Byzantine Empire. These victories returned the Empire to its previous status quo and marked the beginning of the Komnenian restoration.
# Sources.
## Primary.
- Anna Comnena (translated by E. R. A. Sewter). "The Alexiad". London: Penguin Books, 1996, . | 16,629 |
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List of subgroups of the order Coleoptera
This article classifies the subgroups of the order Coleoptera (beetles) down to the level of families, following the system in "Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)", Bouchard, et. al. (2011), with common names from bugguide.net.
- Order Coleoptera
- Suborder †Protocoleoptera
- Superfamily †Tshekardocoleoidea
- Family †Tshekardocoleidae
- Family †Labradorocoleidae
- Family †Oborocoleidae
- Superfamily †Permocupedoidea
- Family †Permocupedidae
- Family †Taldycupedidae
- Superfamily †Permosynoidea
- Family †Ademosynidae
- Family †Permosynidae
- Suborder Archostemata
- Family Crowsoniellidae
- Family Cupedidae
- Family Micromalthidae | 16,630 |
750639 | List of subgroups of the order Coleoptera | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20subgroups%20of%20the%20order%20Coleoptera | List of subgroups of the order Coleoptera
(telephone-pole beetle)
- Family Ommatidae
- Family Jurodidae
- Family †Triadocupedidae
- Family †Magnocoleidae
- Family †Obrieniidae
- Suborder Myxophaga
- Superfamily †Asiocoleoidea
- Family †Asiocoleidae
- Family †Tricoleidae
- Superfamily †Rhombocoleoidea
- Family †Rhombocoleidae
- Superfamily †Schizophoroidea
- Family †Schizophoridae
- Family †Catiniidae
- Family †Schizocoleidae
- Superfamily Lepiceroidea
- Family Lepiceridae
- Superfamily Sphaeriusoidea
- Family Torridincolidae
- Family Hydroscaphidae
- Family Sphaeriusidae
- Suborder Adephaga
- Family †Tritarsidae
- Family Gyrinidae (whirligig beetles)
- Family Trachypachidae (false ground beetles)
- Family Rhysodidae
- | 16,631 |
750639 | List of subgroups of the order Coleoptera | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20subgroups%20of%20the%20order%20Coleoptera | List of subgroups of the order Coleoptera
Family Carabidae (ground beetles)
- Family Haliplidae (crawling water beetles)
- Family †Triaplidae
- Family †Colymbotethidae
- Family †Parahygrobiidae
- Family †Coptoclavidae
- Family †Liadytidae
- Family Meruidae
- Family Noteridae (burrowing water beetles)
- Family Amphizoidae
- Family Aspidytidae
- Family Hygrobiidae
- Family Dytiscidae (predaceous diving beetles)
- Suborder Polyphaga
- Infraorder Staphyliniformia
- Superfamily Hydrophiloidea
- Family Hydrophilidae (water scavenger beetles)
- Family Sphaeritidae
- Family Synteliidae
- Family Histeridae
- Superfamily Staphylinoidea
- Family Hydraenidae
- Family Ptiliidae
- Family Agyrtidae
- Family Leiodidae
- Family | 16,632 |
750639 | List of subgroups of the order Coleoptera | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20subgroups%20of%20the%20order%20Coleoptera | List of subgroups of the order Coleoptera
Silphidae
- Family Staphylinidae (rove beetles)
- Infraorder Scarabaeiformia
- Superfamily Scarabaeoidea
- Family Pleocomidae (rain beetles)
- Family Geotrupidae (earth-boring scarab beetles)
- Family Belohinidae
- Family Passalidae (bess beetles)
- Family Trogidae (hide beetles)
- Family Glaresidae
- Family Diphyllostomatidae
- Family Lucanidae (stag beetles)
- Family Ochodaeidae (sand-loving scarab beetles)
- Family Hybosoridae
- Family Glaphyridae (bumble bee scarab beetles)
- Family Scarabaeidae (scarab beetles)
- Family †Coprinisphaeridae
- Family †Pallichnidae
- Infraorder Elateriformia
- Superfamily Scirtoidea
- Family Decliniidae
- Family Eucinetidae
- Family Clambidae
- | 16,633 |
750639 | List of subgroups of the order Coleoptera | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20subgroups%20of%20the%20order%20Coleoptera | List of subgroups of the order Coleoptera
Family Scirtidae
- Family †Elodophthalmidae
- Family †Mesocinetidae
- Superfamily Dascilloidea
- Family Dascillidae
- Family Rhipiceridae
- Superfamily Buprestoidea
- Family Schizopodidae
- Family Buprestidae
- Superfamily Byrrhoidea
- Family Byrrhidae
- Family Elmidae
- Family Dryopidae
- Family Lutrochidae
- Family Limnichidae
- Family Heteroceridae
- Family Psephenidae
- Family Cneoglossidae
- Family Ptilodactylidae
- Family Podabrocephalidae
- Family Chelonariidae
- Family Eulichadidae
- Family Callirhipidae
- Superfamily Elateroidea
- Family Rhinorhipidae
- Family Artematopodidae
- Family Brachypsectridae
- Family Cerophytidae
- Family Eucnemidae
- Family Throscidae
- | 16,634 |
750639 | List of subgroups of the order Coleoptera | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20subgroups%20of%20the%20order%20Coleoptera | List of subgroups of the order Coleoptera
Family †Praelateriidae
- Family Elateridae (click beetles)
- Family Plastoceridae
- Family Drilidae
- Family Omalisidae
- Family †Berendtimiridae
- Family Lycidae
- Family Telegeusidae
- Family Phengodidae
- Family Rhagophthalmidae
- Family Lampyridae (fireflies)
- Family Omethidae
- Family Cantharidae (soldier beetles)
- Infraorder Bostrichiformia
- Superfamily Derodontoidea
- Family Derodontidae
- Family Nosodendridae
- Family Jacobsoniidae
- Superfamily Bostrichoidea
- Family Dermestidae (carpet beetles)
- Family Endecatomidae
- Family Bostrichidae
- Family Ptinidae
- Infraorder Cucujiformia
- Superfamily Lymexyloidea
- Family Lymexylidae
- Superfamily Cleroidea
- | 16,635 |
750639 | List of subgroups of the order Coleoptera | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20subgroups%20of%20the%20order%20Coleoptera | List of subgroups of the order Coleoptera
Family Phloiophilidae
- Family Trogossitidae
- Family Chaetosomatidae
- Family Metaxinidae
- Family Thanerocleridae
- Family Cleridae (checkered beetles)
- Family Acanthocnemidae
- Family Phycosecidae
- Family Prionoceridae
- Family Mauroniscidae
- Family Melyridae (soft-winged flower beetles)
- Superfamily Cucujoidea
- Family †Parandrexidae
- Family †Sinisilvanidae
- Family Boganiidae
- Family Byturidae
- Family Helotidae
- Family Protocucujidae
- Family Sphindidae
- Family Biphyllidae
- Family Erotylidae
- Family Monotomidae
- Family Hobartiidae
- Family Cryptophagidae
- Family Agapythidae
- Family Priasilphidae
- Family Phloeostichidae
- Family Silvanidae
- Family | 16,636 |
750639 | List of subgroups of the order Coleoptera | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20subgroups%20of%20the%20order%20Coleoptera | List of subgroups of the order Coleoptera
Cucujidae
- Family Myraboliidae
- Family Cavognathidae
- Family Lamingtoniidae
- Family Passandridae
- Family Phalacridae
- Family Propalticidae
- Family Laemophloeidae
- Family Tasmosalpingidae
- Family Cyclaxyridae
- Family Kateretidae
- Family Nitidulidae
- Family Smicripidae
- Family Bothrideridae
- Family Cerylonidae
- Family Alexiidae
- Family Discolomatidae
- Family Endomychidae
- Family Coccinellidae (ladybirds or lady beetles)
- Family Corylophidae
- Family Akalyptoischiidae
- Family Latridiidae
- Superfamily Tenebrionoidea
- Family Mycetophagidae
- Family Archeocrypticidae
- Family Pterogeniidae
- Family Ciidae
- Family Tetratomidae
- Family Melandryidae
- | 16,637 |
750639 | List of subgroups of the order Coleoptera | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20subgroups%20of%20the%20order%20Coleoptera | List of subgroups of the order Coleoptera
Family Mordellidae (tumbling flower beetles)
- Family Ripiphoridae
- Family Zopheridae
- Family Ulodidae
- Family Promecheilidae
- Family Chalcodryidae
- Family Trachelostenidae
- Family Tenebrionidae (darkling beetles)
- Family Prostomidae
- Family Synchroidae
- Family Stenotrachelidae
- Family Oedemeridae
- Family Meloidae (blister beetles)
- Family Mycteridae (palm beetles and flower beetles)
- Family Boridae
- Family Trictenotomidae
- Family Pythidae
- Family Pyrochroidae
- Family Salpingidae
- Family Anthicidae
- Family Aderidae
- Family Scraptiidae
- Clade Phytophaga
- Superfamily Chrysomeloidea
- Family Oxypeltidae
- Family Vesperidae
- Family Disteniidae
- | 16,638 |
750639 | List of subgroups of the order Coleoptera | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20subgroups%20of%20the%20order%20Coleoptera | List of subgroups of the order Coleoptera
Family Cerambycidae (longhorn beetles)
- Family Megalopodidae
- Family Orsodacnidae
- Family Chrysomelidae (leaf beetles)
- Superfamily Curculionoidea
- Family Nemonychidae
- Family Anthribidae
- Family †Ulyanidae
- Family Belidae
- Family Caridae
- Family Attelabidae
- Family Brentidae
- Family Dryophthoridae
- Family Brachyceridae
- Family Curculionidae (snout beetles, weevils, and bark beetles)
# References.
- Lawrence, J.F., Newton, A.F. Jr. (1995) Families and subfamilies of Coleoptera (with selected genera, notes, references, and data on family-group names), pp. 779–1006. In: Pakaluk, J., Slipinski, S.A. (eds.), "Biology, phylogeny, and classification of Coleoptera: Papers | 16,639 |
750639 | List of subgroups of the order Coleoptera | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20subgroups%20of%20the%20order%20Coleoptera | List of subgroups of the order Coleoptera
mily Anthribidae
- Family †Ulyanidae
- Family Belidae
- Family Caridae
- Family Attelabidae
- Family Brentidae
- Family Dryophthoridae
- Family Brachyceridae
- Family Curculionidae (snout beetles, weevils, and bark beetles)
# References.
- Lawrence, J.F., Newton, A.F. Jr. (1995) Families and subfamilies of Coleoptera (with selected genera, notes, references, and data on family-group names), pp. 779–1006. In: Pakaluk, J., Slipinski, S.A. (eds.), "Biology, phylogeny, and classification of Coleoptera: Papers celebrating the 80th birthday of Roy A. Crowson". Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, Warszawa.
- Ross H. Arnett, Jr. and Michael C. Thomas, "American Beetles" (CRC Press, 2001–2002) | 16,640 |
750633 | Quixote (web framework) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quixote%20(web%20framework) | Quixote (web framework)
Quixote (web framework)
Quixote is a software framework for developing web applications in Python. Quixote "is based on a simple, flexible design, making it possible to write applications quickly and to benefit from the wide range of available third-party Python modules".
A Quixote application is typically a Python package, a collection of modules grouped into a single directory tree. Quixote then maps a URL to a function or method inside the Python package; the function is then called with the contents of the HTTP request, and the results are returned to the client.
# See also.
- Comparison of web frameworks | 16,641 |
750654 | Mercury-Atlas 2 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercury-Atlas%202 | Mercury-Atlas 2
Mercury-Atlas 2
Mercury-Atlas 2 (MA-2) was an unmanned test flight of the Mercury program using the Atlas rocket. It launched on February 21, 1961 at 14:10 UTC, from Launch Complex 14 at Cape Canaveral, Florida.
Test objectives for this flight were concerned with the ability of the spacecraft to withstand reentry under the temperature-critical abort conditions and with the capability of the Atlas to meet the proper injection conditions. Convair had promised to deliver thicker-skinned Atlas vehicles for subsequent flights, however Missile 67D was the last of the thin-skinned model and so it had to be modified for the Mercury mission, incorporating a stainless steel reinforcing band installed | 16,642 |
750654 | Mercury-Atlas 2 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercury-Atlas%202 | Mercury-Atlas 2
around the vehicle between stations 502 and 510. A thin sheet of asbestos was installed between the reinforcing band and the tank skin. This modification was installed as a precaution against the type of failure which had occurred on the previous MA-1 flight. The booster's flight path was also modified somewhat from Mercury-Atlas 1, being placed on a more shallow trajectory so as to reduce aerodynamic loads.
The Atlas lifted into a clear blue February sky quite different from the cloudy, foggy weather of the MA-1 flight. Everyone in the blockhouse waited nervously for the vehicle to pass through the critical Max Q zone. When it did so successfully, there was "enormous jubilation" from the launch | 16,643 |
750654 | Mercury-Atlas 2 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercury-Atlas%202 | Mercury-Atlas 2
sfully, there was "enormous jubilation" from the launch team. MA-2 flew a successful suborbital mission that lasted 17 minutes 56 seconds. Altitude reached was 114 miles (183 km), speed, 13,227 mph (21,287 km/h). All test objectives were fully met, the only problems being a bit of propellant slosh. The capsule was recovered 1,432 miles (2305 km) downrange. Peak acceleration was 15.9 "g" (156 m/s²). Mass 1,154 kg.
Mercury spacecraft #6 and Atlas #67-D were used in the Mercury-Atlas 2 mission. The Mercury capsule is currently displayed at the Houston Museum of Natural Science, Houston, TX.
# References.
- This New Ocean: A History of Project Mercury - NASA SP-4201
# See also.
- Splashdown | 16,644 |
750630 | The House at Pooh Corner | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20House%20at%20Pooh%20Corner | The House at Pooh Corner
The House at Pooh Corner
The House at Pooh Corner (1928) is the second volume of stories about Winnie-the-Pooh, written by A. A. Milne and illustrated by E. H. Shepard. It is notable for the introduction of the character Tigger.
# Plot.
The title comes from a story in which Winnie-the-Pooh and Piglet build a house for Eeyore. In another story the game of Poohsticks is invented. As with the first book, the chapters are mostly in episodic format and can be read independently of each other. The only exception to this is with Chapters 8 and 9 - Chapter 9 carries directly on from the end of Chapter 8, as the characters search for a new house for Owl, his house having been blown down in the previous | 16,645 |
750630 | The House at Pooh Corner | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20House%20at%20Pooh%20Corner | The House at Pooh Corner
chapter.
Hints that Christopher Robin is growing up, scattered throughout the book, come to a head in the final chapter, in which the inhabitants of the Hundred Acre Wood throw him a farewell party after learning that he must leave them soon. It is made obvious, though not stated explicitly, that he is starting school. In the end, they say good-bye to Christopher Robin. Pooh and Christopher Robin say a long, private farewell, in which Pooh promises not to forget him.
# Contents.
- 1. "In Which a House Is Built at Pooh Corner for Eeyore"
- 2. "In Which Tigger Comes to the Forest and Has Breakfast"
- 3. "In Which a Search Is Organized, and Piglet Nearly Meets the Heffalump Again"
- 4. "In | 16,646 |
750630 | The House at Pooh Corner | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20House%20at%20Pooh%20Corner | The House at Pooh Corner
Which It Is Shown That Tiggers Don't Climb Trees"
- 5. "In Which Rabbit Has a Busy Day, and We Learn What Christopher Robin Does in the Mornings"
- 6. "In Which Pooh Invents a New Game and Eeyore Joins In"
- 7. "In Which Tigger Is Unbounced"
- 8. "In Which Piglet Does a Very Grand Thing"
- 9. "In Which Eeyore Finds the Wolery and Owl Moves Into It"
- 10. "In Which Christopher Robin and Pooh Come to an Enchanted Place, and We Leave Them There"
# Adaptations.
In 1960 HMV recorded a dramatised version with songs (music by Harold Fraser-Simson) of two episodes from the book (Chapters 2 and 8), starring Ian Carmichael as Pooh, Denise Bryer as Christopher Robin (who also narrated), Hugh Lloyd | 16,647 |
750630 | The House at Pooh Corner | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20House%20at%20Pooh%20Corner | The House at Pooh Corner
as Tigger, Penny Morrell as Piglet, and Terry Norris as Eeyore. This was released on a 45rpm EP.
In 1971, singer-songwriter Kenny Loggins released a song called "House at Pooh Corner" as a duet with Jim Messina on their album "Sittin' In". Although the song was written by Loggins, it had previously been released by the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band on their 1970 album "Uncle Charlie & His Dog Teddy". The song is told from the perspective of both Winnie-the-Pooh and Christopher Robin. The first verse, told from Pooh's point of view, describes how he and Christopher's days together "disappeared all too soon" and how he "can't seem to find [his] way back to the Wood." The second verse, told from Christopher | 16,648 |
750630 | The House at Pooh Corner | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20House%20at%20Pooh%20Corner | The House at Pooh Corner
Robin's point of view, tells of how Pooh has a honey jar stuck on his nose and how he came to him asking for help, but "from here, no one knows where he goes." The song uses these verses as an allegorical musing on the loss of innocence and childhood and the nostalgia for simpler, happier times. In 1994, Loggins re-released the song as "Return to Pooh Corner" on the album of the same name. A duet with Amy Grant, this version added a third verse, told from the perspective of an adult Christopher Robin who gives Winnie-the-Pooh to his own son and hears Pooh whisper to him, "welcome home." The song ends with Christopher Robin happy that he's "finally come back to the house at Pooh Corner." This | 16,649 |
750630 | The House at Pooh Corner | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20House%20at%20Pooh%20Corner | The House at Pooh Corner
third verse was based on Loggins' own feelings of happiness after the birth of his third son. The song has since become a staple of Loggins' live performances, and it remains one of his most personal, popular and beloved songs.
In 1988, an audio version of the book, published by BBC Enterprises, was narrated by Alan Bennett.
In 1997 Hodder Children's Audio released a dramatisation produced by David Benedictus with Judi Dench, Stephen Fry, Jane Horrocks, Geoffrey Palmer, Michael Williams, Robert Daws, Sandi Toksvig, Finty Williams and Steven Webb. The music was composed, directed and played by John Gould.
Chapters 2, 8, and 9 were adapted into animation with the Disney featurette "Winnie the | 16,650 |
750630 | The House at Pooh Corner | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20House%20at%20Pooh%20Corner | The House at Pooh Corner
Pooh and the Blustery Day". Similarly, chapters 4 and 7 were adapted into "Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too!", while chapter 6 was adapted in "Winnie the Pooh and a Day for Eeyore". Chapter 8 was also partially adapted into an episode of "The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh" (entitled "The Masked Offender"). Also, the final chapter was adapted as a closure to "The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh", as well as in the direct-to-video movie "". However, in the book, Christopher Robin was going away to boarding school and wouldn't be coming back but in the films he was just going to school and would come back at the end of the day, while Chapters 1 and 3 were used in segments of "Piglet's Big | 16,651 |
750630 | The House at Pooh Corner | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20House%20at%20Pooh%20Corner | The House at Pooh Corner
Movie".
The 2018 live-action film "Christopher Robin" acts as an unofficial sequel to the book, with the film focusing on a grown-up Christopher Robin meeting Pooh for the first time since going to boarding school, while the film's first scenes adapt the last chapter of the book. Producer Brigham Taylor was inspired by the book's last chapter for the film's story.
Chapter 2 was also released from Disney as a book, under the title "Winnie the Pooh meets Tigger".
In 1968 Jefferson Airplane referenced the book in their song "The House at Pooneil Corners", a surrealistic depiction of global nuclear war co-written by Paul Kantner and Marty Balin, ending with the line "Which is why a Pooh is poohing | 16,652 |
750630 | The House at Pooh Corner | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20House%20at%20Pooh%20Corner | The House at Pooh Corner
el to the book, with the film focusing on a grown-up Christopher Robin meeting Pooh for the first time since going to boarding school, while the film's first scenes adapt the last chapter of the book. Producer Brigham Taylor was inspired by the book's last chapter for the film's story.
Chapter 2 was also released from Disney as a book, under the title "Winnie the Pooh meets Tigger".
In 1968 Jefferson Airplane referenced the book in their song "The House at Pooneil Corners", a surrealistic depiction of global nuclear war co-written by Paul Kantner and Marty Balin, ending with the line "Which is why a Pooh is poohing in the sun".
# See also.
- "Winnie-the-Pooh"
- "The Wind in the Willows" | 16,653 |
750623 | Poohsticks | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poohsticks | Poohsticks
Poohsticks
Poohsticks is a game first mentioned in "The House at Pooh Corner", a Winnie-the-Pooh book by A. A. Milne. It is a simple game which may be played on any bridge over running water; each player drops a stick on the upstream side of a bridge and the one whose stick first appears on the downstream side is the winner. The annual World Poohsticks Championships have been held at Day's Lock on the River Thames in the UK since 1984.
# History.
Poohsticks was invented by English author A. A. Milne for his son Christopher Robin Milne. The game first came to prominence when it was described in the author's book "The House at Pooh Corner" as well as in the Disney animated featurette "Winnie | 16,654 |
750623 | Poohsticks | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poohsticks | Poohsticks
the Pooh and a Day for Eeyore". Winnie-the-Pooh, the protagonist of the book, accidentally drops a pine cone into a river from a bridge and, after observing how it appeared on the other side of the bridge, devises the rules for Poohsticks. Pooh continues to play the game with the other characters, Christopher Robin, Tigger and Eeyore.
The game was first played at a bridge located in Ashdown Forest, close to the village of Upper Hartfield, East Sussex, England. Built in 1907 and originally called Posingford Bridge, it is considered to be the bridge on which Milne and his son first played the game. However, it is uncertain whether the game was first played at the bridge and then written into | 16,655 |
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the story, or vice versa. The bridge maintained the public's interest and a campaign to rebuild it in the late seventies was considered important enough to feature on the BBC "Nine O'Clock News". The bridge was subsequently reopened by Christopher Robin Milne and officially renamed as "Poohsticks Bridge".
The site was so popular that in 1999 the East Sussex county council made an appeal to Disney as the old wooden bridge had been worn down by an overwhelming number of visitors. The company provided a substantial donation towards the estimated £30,000 needed to replace the bridge. Partly rebuilt in 1979, the donations from Disney, building firms and members of the public funded its complete | 16,656 |
750623 | Poohsticks | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poohsticks | Poohsticks
reconstruction. The newly built and modernised bridge retained its precursor's original style. A plaque was also placed to commemorate the occasion and thank those who financially contributed to the project. The game can still be played in Ashdown Forest to this day and the site regularly attracts tourists from as far afield as the United States and Japan. However, visitors are now advised to bring their own sticks, as previous visitors have caused damage to the trees in the vicinity.
# Rules and strategy.
A game for two players or more, in the traditional version of poohsticks the participants must drop a stick simultaneously on the upstream side of a bridge and run to the other side. The | 16,657 |
750623 | Poohsticks | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poohsticks | Poohsticks
winner is the player whose stick first appears on the other side of the bridge. Alternatively, players may decide upon a starting point on a river and a finish line farther downstream. The winner is the player whose stick first passes the finishing point.
It is generally agreed that the stick must be made of organic materials, preferably willow, and not of any artificial materials. All participants must drop their sticks at the same time, usually after a referee shouts "drop", "twitch" or any other agreed keyword. Additionally, no advantage may be gained through either dismantling the bridge or the use of any self-propelling stick devices. The stick must be dropped, not thrown, into the water | 16,658 |
750623 | Poohsticks | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poohsticks | Poohsticks
and any player who is deemed to have thrown their stick is disqualified.
Poohsticks is considered to be a game of chance yet some players claim skill is involved. Some strategies involve the way in which the stick is held before it is dropped and trying to find the fastest route in the river. Author Ben Schott outlined a throwing method as a winning strategy in his third book, "Schott’s Sporting, Gaming and Idling Miscellany", but his method was dismissed as cheating by competition organisers. In any event, the turbulence around the bridge supports make the path of the stick very difficult to predict and may vary according to the season.
The traditional game has inspired filmmakers and screenwriters | 16,659 |
750623 | Poohsticks | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poohsticks | Poohsticks
and has been portrayed in the 1998 film "Into My Heart" with Rob Morrow and Claire Forlani, BBC sitcom "To the Manor Born" and also in a Marks & Spencer clothes advert where models, including Twiggy and Myleene Klass, played the game. The popularity of the game was underlined when it featured as a question on long-running British quiz series "University Challenge".
# World Poohsticks Championships.
Following the closure of the short-lived Oxford University Poohsticks Society, Poohsticks was brought to a larger audience by the annual World Poohsticks Championships. Originally these took place at Day's Lock on the River Thames near Dorchester-on-Thames, Oxfordshire. but were later moved to Langel | 16,660 |
750623 | Poohsticks | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poohsticks | Poohsticks
Common in Witney, also in Oxfordshire, and have attracted over 1,500 visitors, including many from overseas. The championships features an individual event and a four-person team event. Players come from a wide variety of countries including the United States, Japan, Kenya, Australia and England. Before its move to Witney, the event took place from Little Wittenham Bridge but now uses a bridge over the River Windrush near Cogges Manor Farm.
The sporting event was started at Little Wittenham Bridge in 1984 by the lockkeeper, Lynn David, as a fund-raising event for the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI). He noticed that people occasionally snapped sticks from nearby hedges to play the | 16,661 |
750623 | Poohsticks | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poohsticks | Poohsticks
game and he then came up with the idea of a competition to aid the charity. He put out a box of sticks and a collection box and it soon became an annual event. In this championship version of the game, a finish line is set up farther downstream and the winner is the first to pass this point. The competition originally took place every January, but it was moved to March due to icy weather in 1997.
The event proved popular with the local community and even attracted the attention of the foreign media. After Lynn David's retirement, the running of the event was taken over by the former Rotary Club of Sinodun, based in nearby Wallingford. Additionally, the funds raised were divided between the | 16,662 |
750623 | Poohsticks | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poohsticks | Poohsticks
RNLI and charitable projects supported by the Rotary Club. Twenty years after its first edition, the event had grown in popularity, attracting visitors from across the globe, and had been broadcast on television in countries including Russia, Japan and Czech Republic. Additionally, VisitBritain, the official British tourist board, named it as a highlight in its collection of "Quirky British Events". Throughout its existence, it has raised around £30,000 for the RNLI.
The Championships were at risk of decline when in 2008 the Rotary Club declared that its members were simply too old to stage an annual event of its size. The Sinodun president, David Caswell, stated: "The trouble is there is a | 16,663 |
750623 | Poohsticks | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poohsticks | Poohsticks
lot of heavy work staging the event. Some of our members are over 70, and it was just getting too much". However, the Rotary Club of Oxford Spires declared that its members would continue hosting the event, thus preserving the competition for future generations. The President of Oxford Spires for 2008–2009, Liz Williamson, stressed that it should continue as the event was popular locally and demonstrated quirky English nature to a worldwide audience.
The organisers announced in January 2015 that they had decided that the Little Wittenham site was no longer suitable, citing increasing logistical difficulties as the event had become more popular and the use of the land had changed. In June the | 16,664 |
750623 | Poohsticks | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poohsticks | Poohsticks
World Championships were held at their new home, one of the cycle-track bridges over the River Windrush on Langel Common, near the Cogges Manor Farm Museum in Witney, Oxfordshire. The new location still retains a rural atmosphere but is a few minutes' walk from Witney town centre with its convenient public transport links to Oxford. Car parking is also much closer than at the original venue, a factor that influenced the choice of venue. For the first year at the new location, the organizers decided not to hold the 2015 team games, but team games were restored in 2016. The move to the new venue also allowed the event to move to June when the weather is likely to be better.
## Winners.
The winners | 16,665 |
750623 | Poohsticks | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poohsticks | Poohsticks
of both the individual and team events receive a trophy, and the second- and third-placed individuals and teams also receive a smaller trophy. Despite claims that the game involves skill more than luck, no team or individual has ever won the competition more than once. The individual competition usually involves winning three rounds of matches before receiving an entry to the final.
# Notable Poohsticks societies.
## Rotary Club of Oxford Spires.
Although not a Poohsticks Society as such, the Rotary Club of Oxford Spires is responsible for the World Pooh Sticks Championships held annually since 1983 at Days Lock on the River Thames then in Witney since 2015. The Championships were voted 'Britain's | 16,666 |
750623 | Poohsticks | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poohsticks | Poohsticks
Favourite Quirky Event' by "Countryfile" magazine readers in 2012 and are carried out with the aim of raising money for a variety of charities.
## Magdalen College Pooh Sticks Society.
Revival of the Oxford University Pooh Sticks Society has begun thanks to students in Magdalen College, Oxford, with the creation of the Magdalen College Pooh Sticks Society (MCPSS) founded in April 2013 which mixes classic Pooh Sticks games with commentary and rules in the style of radio programme "I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue". Of late the club has become increasingly well known inside the University and is no longer restricted solely to members of Magdalen College.
## Pembroke College Winnie the Pooh Society.
Founded | 16,667 |
750623 | Poohsticks | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poohsticks | Poohsticks
in 1993, students of Pembroke College, Cambridge, pay homage to the works of A. A. Milne in a variety of ways, including playing games of Poohsticks alongside events such as visits to the 'real-life' Hundred Acre Wood. The Society has gained significant fame at the University of Cambridge and claims Her Majesty the Queen as an honorary member.
# Elsewhere in popular culture.
Terry Pratchett mentioned the game in "Thud!" (2005) as a popular children's game played in the gutters during Sam Vimes' childhood in Ankh-Morpork, originally called "turd races" before renaming it "poohsticks" to take the game upmarket.
Julia Donaldson mentioned the game in her children's book "Stick Man" (2008) when | 16,668 |
750623 | Poohsticks | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poohsticks | Poohsticks
the protagonist, Stickman, is used by a girl in a game of Poohsticks.
In Season 14, Episode 2 (2010) of "Midsomer Murders" a group of children play Poohsticks, as DCI John Barnaby and DS Ben Jones drive by. Jones instructs children not to play on the road, Barnaby explains the game to Jones and recommends him to hang on to childhood poetry. The still-playing children later find a dead body floating in the stream.
In Season 5, Episode 7 (2014) of "Downton Abbey", Tom Branson and young Sybil play a game of Poohsticks, without referencing the game by name, while he is telling her of his idea to leave Downton and move them to Boston.
The partly fictitious 1980s Swansea power pop band The Pooh | 16,669 |
750623 | Poohsticks | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poohsticks | Poohsticks
Sticks was named as both a homage to the game, and as a description of the factual or habitual sticky qualities of lowercase pooh.
The song "Twydale's Lament" by British band Half Man Half Biscuit, on their 2005 album "Achtung Bono", includes the line, "I saw a young professional couple playing poohsticks on a Cotswold bridge".
# External links.
- World Pooh Sticks Championships Home Page
- The Rotary Club of Sinodun
- The Rotary Club of Oxford Spires
- Map and aerial photo sources for grid reference:
- — Poohsticks Bridge near Hartfield — marked on the Ordnance Survey "25k" map
- — Day's Lock and the Sinodun Hills
- Bruce Hemming's page about the Poohsticks Bridge with QuickTime panorama | 16,670 |
750623 | Poohsticks | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poohsticks | Poohsticks
ption of the factual or habitual sticky qualities of lowercase pooh.
The song "Twydale's Lament" by British band Half Man Half Biscuit, on their 2005 album "Achtung Bono", includes the line, "I saw a young professional couple playing poohsticks on a Cotswold bridge".
# External links.
- World Pooh Sticks Championships Home Page
- The Rotary Club of Sinodun
- The Rotary Club of Oxford Spires
- Map and aerial photo sources for grid reference:
- — Poohsticks Bridge near Hartfield — marked on the Ordnance Survey "25k" map
- — Day's Lock and the Sinodun Hills
- Bruce Hemming's page about the Poohsticks Bridge with QuickTime panorama — note that the coordinates given are in error by 25 km | 16,671 |
750662 | Franklin (Peanuts) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20(Peanuts) | Franklin (Peanuts)
Franklin (Peanuts)
Franklin is a character in the long-running comic strip "Peanuts", created by Charles M. Schulz. Introduced on July 31, 1968, Franklin was the first African American character in the strip. He goes to school with Peppermint Patty and Marcie. In his first story arc, he met Charlie Brown when they were both at the beach. Franklin's father was a soldier fighting in Vietnam, to which Charlie Brown replied "My dad's a barber...he was in a war too, but I don't know which one." Franklin later paid Charlie Brown a visit and found some of Charlie Brown's other friends to be quite odd. His last appearance was in 1999, the year before Schulz's death.
# Publication history.
A Los Angeles | 16,672 |
750662 | Franklin (Peanuts) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20(Peanuts) | Franklin (Peanuts)
schoolteacher named Harriet Glickman wrote to Schulz on April 15, 1968, urging him to introduce a black character into "Peanuts". This began a correspondence between Schulz and Glickman that led to Schulz's creation of Franklin. In an interview in 1997, Schulz discussed receiving a letter from a Southern editor "who said something about, 'I don't mind you having a black character, but please don't show them in school together.' Because I had shown Franklin sitting in front of Peppermint Patty. [...] I didn't even answer him." Franklin's skin color was mentioned in "The Charlie Brown Dictionary", a picture dictionary using the Peanuts characters; he was referred to in the definition of "black" | 16,673 |
750662 | Franklin (Peanuts) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20(Peanuts) | Franklin (Peanuts)
in showing a picture of him talking on the telephone, where the color of the telephone is black. The description also says that "black may also refer to Franklin's skin tone, which is also known as a Negro person."
# Personality.
In his initial appearances, Franklin seemed confused by all the strange things in Charlie Brown's neighborhood, especially Linus and his obsession with the Great Pumpkin. Schulz said of Franklin's first appearance, July 31, 1968, when he met Charlie Brown at the beach, "They'd never met before because they went to different schools," adding, "but they had fun playing ball so Charlie Brown invited Franklin to visit him." Franklin quoted the Old Testament, and had no | 16,674 |
750662 | Franklin (Peanuts) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20(Peanuts) | Franklin (Peanuts)
anxieties or obsessions. Franklin and Charlie Brown also enjoyed sharing stories about their grandfathers.
In the animated films and television specials, Franklin is shown to be a skilled dancer. He leads Marcie in a waltz in "Race for Your Life, Charlie Brown", performs an elaborate break-dancing routine in "It's Flashbeagle, Charlie Brown", and performs another break-dancing number (while also rapping) in "It's Spring Training, Charlie Brown". Franklin also seems to possess some musical ability as he is shown playing instruments from time to time. In the holiday special "Happy New Year, Charlie Brown!", he is shown playing a guitar at Peppermint Patty's New Year's party.
# In other media.
As | 16,675 |
750662 | Franklin (Peanuts) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20(Peanuts) | Franklin (Peanuts)
a permanent character of the comic strip, Franklin is also a frequent character in the animated "Peanuts" television specials and movies. Unlike most characters however, he did not appear in animation until the 1970s with his debut being a silent role in the 1972 movie "Snoopy, Come Home" at Snoopy's farewell party. His first speaking role is in the 1973 special "There's No Time for Love, Charlie Brown", in which he is voiced by Todd Barbee.
In a "Weekend Update" commentary on a 1992 episode of "Saturday Night Live", Chris Rock, who hyperbolically stated that Franklin had not said a single word for 25 years, related his own childhood experience as the only black student in his grade school | 16,676 |
750662 | Franklin (Peanuts) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20(Peanuts) | Franklin (Peanuts)
class. In another "Saturday Night Live" cold opening in February 2000, the Saturday after Schultz's death, Tim Meadows portrayed a grown-up Franklin (with facial appliances to make his head look as round as the comic strip), eulogizing Schultz on "Nightline" saying, "Charles Schultz understood regardless of race, we're all the same; we have heads as large as our bodies, and our mouths disappear when we turn sideways."
According to the 1994 animated television special "You're in the Super Bowl, Charlie Brown", Franklin's family name is Armstrong, making his full name Franklin Armstrong. Schulz did not consider the animations canonical. Thus, as this surname is never mentioned in the comic strip | 16,677 |
750662 | Franklin (Peanuts) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20(Peanuts) | Franklin (Peanuts)
(nor any other special), it is considered apocryphal. However, it does seem clear that Schulz chose the name Armstrong, naming Franklin after Robb Armstrong, the African-American creator of the comic strip "Jump Start". Though much younger, Armstrong knew Schulz professionally. He recounts that in the 1990s Schulz phoned him because a video was coming out for which all the characters needed a last name and he suddenly realized that Franklin did not have one. Schulz asked if he could make "Armstrong" Franklin's last name and Robb Armstrong gave his permission.
Franklin reappeared as a supporting character in 2015's "The Peanuts Movie."
# Voiced by.
- Todd Barbee (1973)
- Robin Reed (1973)
- | 16,678 |
750662 | Franklin (Peanuts) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin%20(Peanuts) | Franklin (Peanuts)
e his permission.
Franklin reappeared as a supporting character in 2015's "The Peanuts Movie."
# Voiced by.
- Todd Barbee (1973)
- Robin Reed (1973)
- Duncan Watson (1975)
- Vinnie Dow (1976)
- Tom Muller (1977)
- Ronald Hendrix (1977)
- Rocky Reilly (1981)
- Christopher Donohone (1981-1982)
- Kevin Brando (1983)
- Carl Steven (1984-1986)
- Hakeem Abdul-Samad (1988-1989)
- Sean Mendelson (1992)
- Jessica Nwafor (1996)
- Corey Padnos (2000)
- Stephen Scarpulo (2001)
- Andreas Glantschnig (2001)
- Jake Miner (2003)
- Marleik "Mar Mar" Walker (2015)
- Caleel Harris (2016)
# External links.
- The first appearance of Franklin in the "Peanuts" comic strip from July 31, 1968. | 16,679 |
750634 | April Ashley | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=April%20Ashley | April Ashley
April Ashley
April Ashley, MBE (born 29 April 1935) is an English model and restaurant hostess. She was outed as a transgender woman by the "Sunday People" newspaper in 1961 and is one of the earliest British people known to have had sex reassignment surgery.
# Early life.
Born George Jamieson in Sefton General Hospital, Liverpool, she was one of six surviving children of a Roman Catholic father, Frederick Jamieson, and a Protestant mother, Ada Brown Jamieson. In her childhood in Liverpool, Ashley suffered from both calcium deficiency, requiring weekly calcium injections at the Alder Hey Children's Hospital, and bed-wetting, resulting in her being given her own box room aged two when the family | 16,680 |
750634 | April Ashley | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=April%20Ashley | April Ashley
moved house.
# 1950s to 1970s.
She joined the Merchant Navy in 1951 at the age of 16. Following a suicide attempt, she was given a dishonourable discharge and a second attempt resulted in Ashley being sent to the mental institution in Ormskirk aged 17 for treatments.
In her book "The First Lady", Ashley tells the story of the rape she endured while still living as a man. A roommate raped her, and she was severely injured.
## Gender transition.
After leaving hospital Ashley moved to London, at one point claiming to have shared a boarding house with then ship's steward John Prescott. Having started cross-dressing, she moved to Paris in the late 1950s, began using the name Toni April and joined | 16,681 |
750634 | April Ashley | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=April%20Ashley | April Ashley
the famous French entertainer Coccinelle in the cast of the drag cabaret at the Carousel Theatre.
At the age of 25, having saved £3,000, Ashley had a seven-hour-long sex reassignment surgery in 12 May 1960, performed in Casablanca, Morocco by Georges Burou. All her hair fell out and she endured significant pain, but the operation was successful.
## Modelling career, public outing.
After returning to Britain, Ashley began using the name April Ashley and became a successful fashion model, appearing in such publications as "Vogue" (photographed by David Bailey) and winning a small role in the film "The Road to Hong Kong", which starred Bing Crosby and Bob Hope.
After a friend sold her story | 16,682 |
750634 | April Ashley | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=April%20Ashley | April Ashley
to the media, in 1961 under the headline Her' secret is out", the "Sunday People" outed Ashley as a trans woman. She became a centre of attention and some scandal, and her film credit was instantly dropped.
In November 1960, Ashley had met Hon. Arthur Corbett (later 3rd Baron Rowallan), the Eton-educated son and heir of Lord Rowallan. They wed in 1963, but the marriage quickly broke down. Ashley's lawyers wrote to Corbett in 1966 demanding maintenance payments and in 1967 Corbett responded by filing suit to have the marriage annulled. The annulment was granted in 1970 on the grounds that the court considered Ashley to be male, even though Corbett knew about her history when they married.
# | 16,683 |
750634 | April Ashley | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=April%20Ashley | April Ashley
Later life.
After a heart attack in London, Ashley retired for some years to the Welsh border town of Hay-on-Wye. In her book "April Ashley's Odyssey" she stated that Amanda Lear was male at birth and they had worked together at Le Carousel where Lear had used the name Peki d'Oslo. Ashley was once great friends with Lear, but according to Ashley's book "The First Lady", they had a major falling out and haven't spoken in years.
In the 1980s, Ashley married Jeffrey West, on the retired cruise ship RMS "Queen Mary" in Long Beach, California. In 2005, after the passage of the Gender Recognition Act 2004, Ashley was finally legally recognised as female and issued with a new birth certificate. The | 16,684 |
750634 | April Ashley | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=April%20Ashley | April Ashley
then Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom John Prescott, who knew Ashley from the 1950s, helped her with the procedure.
Most recently Ashley talked about her life at St George's Hall, Liverpool as part of the city's Homotopia festival on 15 November 2008, and on 18 February 2009 at the South Bank Centre.
She lives in Fulham, South West London.
# Biographies.
"April Ashley's Odyssey", a biography by Duncan Fallowell, was published in 1982. In 2006, Ashley released her autobiography "The First Lady" and made TV appearances on Channel Five News, "This Morning" and BBC News. In one interview, she said, "This is the real story and contains a lot of things I just couldn't say in 1982", | 16,685 |
750634 | April Ashley | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=April%20Ashley | April Ashley
including alleged affairs with Michael Hutchence, Peter O'Toole, Omar Sharif, Turner Prize sculptor Grayson Perry and Íñigo de Arteaga y Martín, the future 19th Duke of Infantado, among others. However, the book was pulped after it was discovered that it had heavily plagiarized the 1982 book written about Ashley.
In 2012, Pacific Films and Limey Yank Productions announced a project to create a film about April Ashley's life.
# Awards and honors.
- Ashley was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2012 Birthday Honours for services to transgender equality.
- A major exhibition 'April Ashley: portrait of a lady' was held at the Museum of Liverpool from 27 September | 16,686 |
750634 | April Ashley | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=April%20Ashley | April Ashley
discovered that it had heavily plagiarized the 1982 book written about Ashley.
In 2012, Pacific Films and Limey Yank Productions announced a project to create a film about April Ashley's life.
# Awards and honors.
- Ashley was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2012 Birthday Honours for services to transgender equality.
- A major exhibition 'April Ashley: portrait of a lady' was held at the Museum of Liverpool from 27 September 2013 to 1 March 2015.
- Ashley was awarded a Lifetime Achievement honour at the European Diversity Awards 2014.
# See also.
- "Corbett v Corbett"
# External links.
- April Ashley Photo Gallery Tribute
- April Ashley Documentary | 16,687 |
1401753 | Lowes Barn | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lowes%20Barn | Lowes Barn
Lowes Barn
Lowes Barn is a suburb of the city of Durham in County Durham, England. It is situated to the south west of Durham and is linked with Neville's Cross. | 16,688 |
1401747 | Low Walworth | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low%20Walworth | Low Walworth
Low Walworth
Low Walworth is a hamlet in County Durham, England, to the north−west of the edge of Darlington. It consists of Low Walworth Hall, Low Walworth Farm and their respective cottages, flats and outbuildings. Several of these buildings are listed, and date from the 17th to the 19th century. Attached to one of the late-18th-century farm buildings is a "gin gang", or building from which a horse powered a threshing machine by walking in a circle. The hall has accommodated at least one High Sheriff of Durham.
# Low Walworth Hall.
The earliest documents recognised by English Heritage in relation to this hall are 1681 Court of Chancery papers, written when the Jenison family owned it. However | 16,689 |
1401747 | Low Walworth | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low%20Walworth | Low Walworth
it has been suggested that part of it dates from around 1500 and that in the early 16th century it was the dower house to Walworth Castle. It is a sizeable 17th- or early-18th-century house with 19th-century additions to the left and rear. It is built of partially rendered coursed rubble and ashlar, brickwork chimneys and a Welsh slate roof. The left−hand or western addition to the south−facing main block, with the ball finial on the parapet ("see image"), is 18th-century or earlier and possibly a former barn.
The set of early-19th-century outbuildings to the north of the Hall was once a house with stabling and is now a garage and storage building. It has pantiled roofs with stone−flagged eaves, | 16,690 |
1401747 | Low Walworth | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low%20Walworth | Low Walworth
squared limestone walls and brickwork chimneys, and it is listed. The early-19th-century garden walls to the left or west of the Hall are also listed. They are built of hand−made red brick with flat stone coping. They are high walls enclosing three sides of a rose garden with a lower and possibly rebuilt wall on the south side. The eastern wall has a coursed rubble face with an arched doorway in the south−east corner, and the north wall has boarded doors.
(Arthur) Neville Eade lived at Low Walworth from 1937 to 1959. He and his cousin, Charles Eade, had bought the Walworth Castle estate at auction in 1931, after the death of the previous owner, their cousin Gerald Percy Vivian Aylmer. However | 16,691 |
1401747 | Low Walworth | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low%20Walworth | Low Walworth
Walworth Castle held prisoners of war in World War II, and was sold to Durham County Council in 1950. In 1968–1969 the resident of the hall was Peter Guy Edwards, High Sheriff of Durham. On 29 June 2008 the gardens, including the old walled garden, were opened to the public for a day. The gardens included an African theme planting and a wildlife lake area.
# Low Walworth farm.
The late-18th-century farm buildings to the north of the farmhouse are listed. They are made of squared and coursed rubble limestone, and the square−plan building in front of the two−storeyed threshing barn is a gin gang, otherwise known as a wheelhouse or horse engine house from which a horse once powered a threshing | 16,692 |
1401747 | Low Walworth | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low%20Walworth | Low Walworth
gardens, including the old walled garden, were opened to the public for a day. The gardens included an African theme planting and a wildlife lake area.
# Low Walworth farm.
The late-18th-century farm buildings to the north of the farmhouse are listed. They are made of squared and coursed rubble limestone, and the square−plan building in front of the two−storeyed threshing barn is a gin gang, otherwise known as a wheelhouse or horse engine house from which a horse once powered a threshing machine. The buildings have pantiled roofs with stone−flagged eaves, and the front range has partially−blocked archways.
# External links.
- Map of Low Walworth
- Image: front view of Low Walworth Hall | 16,693 |
1401759 | Lumley Thicks | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lumley%20Thicks | Lumley Thicks
Lumley Thicks
Lumley Thicks is a small village in County Durham, in England. It is situated between Chester-le-Street and Houghton-le-Spring, north of Great Lumley. | 16,694 |
1401770 | Blit | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blit | Blit
Blit
Blit may refer to:
- Bit blit (BITBLT), a computer operation in which two bitmap patterns are combined
- Blit (computer terminal), a programmable bitmap graphics terminal
- "BLIT" (short story), by David Langford
- The Blit dialect of the Cotabato Manobo language | 16,695 |
1401750 | Low Westwood | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low%20Westwood | Low Westwood
Low Westwood
Low Westwood is a village in County Durham, England. It is situated immediately to the west of Hamsterley. Low Westwood is probably best known for its sizeable rest home.
# Geography.
The River Derwent flows at the bottom of the valley, and separates the nearby villages of Blackhall Mill and Chopwell. Although situated in County Durham, Low Westwood has a Newcastle-upon-Tyne postcode (NE17). Low Westwood is approximately from the Roman village of Ebchester.
# Transport.
Low Westwood lies just off the A694, and is on the 'Red kite' (45/46) Go North East bus route which runs from Consett to Newcastle upon Tyne. There are also regular bus links to Chopwell, and a free Tesco bus | 16,696 |
1401750 | Low Westwood | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low%20Westwood | Low Westwood
which runs once or twice a day, which departs from Chopwell and goes to Delve's Lane Tesco.
Low Westwood lies just off the Derwent Cycle Path, which runs from Consett to Gateshead
# Parking.
The car parking facilities in Low Westwood are generally regarded to be poor.
# Nightlife.
Low Westwood and Hamsterley had one pub between them, The Cronniewell, a popular pub/nightclub. This has recently closed and is now an Italian restaurant. There are two pubs in Ebchester about 15 minutes walk away.
# Economy.
Low Westwood saw a huge economic boom in the late 19th century, with the establishment of many of its residential properties, built with a yellow grey Durham stone, iconic of the area. | 16,697 |
1401750 | Low Westwood | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low%20Westwood | Low Westwood
had one pub between them, The Cronniewell, a popular pub/nightclub. This has recently closed and is now an Italian restaurant. There are two pubs in Ebchester about 15 minutes walk away.
# Economy.
Low Westwood saw a huge economic boom in the late 19th century, with the establishment of many of its residential properties, built with a yellow grey Durham stone, iconic of the area. These are typical of thriving North Durham villages. Many newer houses, flats and apartments have been built within a mile radius in the style of these houses, an appreciation of the golden age of the late 19th Century.
The town benefits from local employment in larger nearby towns, such as Consett, Rowlands Gill | 16,698 |
1401766 | Karel Verleye | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karel%20Verleye | Karel Verleye
Karel Verleye
Karel Verleye (17 April 1920 – 27 February 2002) co-founded the College of Europe in Bruges in 1949 with his good friend Hendrik Brugmans.
He was a Capuchin friar for 64 years. In 1945 he became philosophy lector at the Bruges seminary. He founded the Ryckevelde Foundation in 1956.
# External links.
- Stichting Ryckevelde
- College of Europe
- Capuchins in Flanders, Belgium | 16,699 |
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