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157721 | Timothy West | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timothy%20West | Timothy West
and actor Lockwood West (1905-1989). He was educated at the John Lyon School, Harrow on the Hill, at Bristol Grammar School, where he was a classmate of Julian Glover, and at Regent Street Polytechnic (now the University of Westminster). He has a sister named Patricia who is 5 years younger than himself.
... | 1,800 |
157721 | Timothy West | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timothy%20West | Timothy West
repertory seasons in Newquay, Hull, Northampton, Worthing and Salisbury before making his London debut at the Piccadilly Theatre in 1959 in the farce "Caught Napping". He was a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company for three seasons: the 1962 Arts Theatre Experimental season ("Nil Carborundum" and "Afore... | 1,801 |
157721 | Timothy West | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timothy%20West | Timothy West
Eric Porter, Janet Suzman, Paul Rogers, Ian Richardson, Glenda Jackson and Peter McEnery.
West has played Macbeth twice, Uncle Vanya twice, Solness in "The Master Builder" twice and King Lear four times: in 1971 (aged 36) for Prospect Theatre Company at the Edinburgh Festival; on a worldwide tour in 1991 ... | 1,802 |
157721 | Timothy West | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timothy%20West | Timothy West
death; his real-life sons, Samuel and Joseph, played the sons of King Edward VII as children. Other screen appearances have included "Nicholas and Alexandra" (1971), "The Day of the Jackal" (1973), "The Thirty Nine Steps" (1978), "Masada" (1981), "Cry Freedom" (1987) and Luc Besson's "" (1999). In Richard ... | 1,803 |
157721 | Timothy West | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timothy%20West | Timothy West
Practice" in 1986. In 1997, he played Gloucester in the BBC television production of "King Lear", with Ian Holm as Lear. From 2001 to 2003, he played the grumpy and frequently volatile Andrew in the BBC drama series "Bedtime".
At Christmas 2007, he joined "Not Going Out" as Geoffrey Adams. He reprised thi... | 1,804 |
157721 | Timothy West | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timothy%20West | Timothy West
He filmed his final scenes for "EastEnders" in February 2015.
## Directing.
He was Artistic Director of the Forum Theatre, Billingham in 1973, where he directed "We Bombed in New Haven" by Joseph Heller, "The Oz Obscenity Trial" by David Livingstone and "The National Health" by Peter Nichols. He was co-a... | 1,805 |
157721 | Timothy West | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timothy%20West | Timothy West
role by Dennis Olsen for the Perth and Brisbane performances.
# Personal life.
West was married to actress Jacqueline Boyer from 1956 to 1961 and has a daughter Juliet. In 1963 he married actress Prunella Scales, with whom he has two sons. One, Samuel West, is an actor of note. Their younger son Joseph (... | 1,806 |
157721 | Timothy West | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timothy%20West | Timothy West
2013.
West and Scales are patrons of the Lace Market Theatre in Nottingham, The Kings Theatre in Gloucester and of the Conway Hall Sunday Concerts programme, the longest running series of chamber music concerts in Europe. West is an Ambassador of SOS Children's Villages, an international orphan charity pr... | 1,807 |
157721 | Timothy West | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timothy%20West | Timothy West
to Tewkesbury. They both support ANT by attending the Stratford River Festival every year. West supports Cancer Research UK.
West is a supporter of the Talyllyn Railway, the first preserved railway in the world. He has visited on a number of occasions, the last being the summer of 2015 to attend the Railw... | 1,808 |
157721 | Timothy West | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timothy%20West | Timothy West
London-based drama school, The Associated Studios.
# Honours.
In 1984, he was appointed CBE for his services to drama.
# Selected theatre.
- "King Lear", as Lear, Dir Tom Morris, Bristol Old Vic, 2016
- "The Vote" by James Graham, Donmar Warehouse and More4, 2015
- "The Handyman" by Ronald Harwood, a... | 1,809 |
157721 | Timothy West | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timothy%20West | Timothy West
International, as William Henry Barlow, Tuesday 6 November 2007
- "Coriolanus" as Menenius, Dir Gregory Doran, RSC, Stratford-upon-Avon, Newcastle, Spain and USA, 2007
- "A Number" by Caryl Churchill as Salter, with Samuel West as B1/B2/Michael Black, Dir Jonathan Munby, Crucible Theatre Studio, 2006. Re... | 1,810 |
157721 | Timothy West | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timothy%20West | Timothy West
Theatre, 1997
- "Henry IV Part One" and "Part Two", as Falstaff, with Samuel West as Hal, Dir Stephen Unwin, UK tour and the Old Vic Theatre, 1996
- "Twelve Angry Men", Dir Harold Pinter, Bristol Old Vic and Comedy Theatre, 1996
- "Macbeth", as Macbeth, Dir Helena Kaut-Howson, Theatr Clwyd, 1994
- "Dea... | 1,811 |
157721 | Timothy West | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timothy%20West | Timothy West
Bristol Old Vic, 1989
- "When We Are Married", with Prunella Scales, Dir Ronald Eyre, Whitehall Theatre, 1985
- "Masterclass" by David Pownall, as Stalin, Dir Justin Greene, Leicester Haymarket and the Old Vic Theatre, 1984
- "Uncle Vanya", as Vanya, Dir Prunella Scales, Playhouse, Perth, Western Austra... | 1,812 |
157721 | Timothy West | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timothy%20West | Timothy West
Festival, International tour and the Old Vic Theatre, 1977
- "Othello", as Iago, Dir Richard Eyre, Nottingham Playhouse, 1976
- "Hedda Gabler", as Judge Brack, Dir Trevor Nunn, with Glenda Jackson, RSC, international tour and Aldwych Theatre, 1975
- "Macbeth", as Macbeth, Gardner Centre, Brighton, Dir J... | 1,813 |
157721 | Timothy West | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timothy%20West | Timothy West
Mortimer, with Ian McKellen as the kings, Prospect Theatre Company, Edinburgh Festival, International tour and Piccadilly Theatre, Dir Richard Cottrell/Toby Robertson, 1969
- "The Tempest", as Prospero, Prospect Productions, Dir Toby Robertson, 1966
- ""Madam", said Dr Johnson", Prospect Productions, Dir... | 1,814 |
157721 | Timothy West | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timothy%20West | Timothy West
over 500 radio broadcasts.
- "Cabin Pressure" by John Finnemore, as Gordon Shappey, BBC Radio 4, 2011
- "Seasons" by Gareth Parker, as Harold. Independent drama by the Wireless Theatre Company, 2010
- "The Man on the Heath: Johnson and Boswell Investigate" by David Noakes, as Doctor Johnson, Saturday Pl... | 1,815 |
157721 | Timothy West | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timothy%20West | Timothy West
Miller, as Willy Loman, 1993
- "The Gibson" by Bruce Bedford, 1992
- "The Expedition of Humphry Clinker" by Tobias Smollett, Classic Serial on BBC Radio 4, 1992
- "Crisp and Even Brightly" by Alick Rowe, as 'Generally well-intentioned King Wenceslas', Saturday Night Theatre, BBC Radio 4, 1987
- "I, Cla... | 1,816 |
157721 | Timothy West | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timothy%20West | Timothy West
Saturday Night Theatre, BBC Radio 4, 1981
- "Sherlock Holmes v. Dracula" by Loren D. Estleman, as Doctor Watson, dramatised and directed by Glyn Dearman, Saturday Night Theatre, BBC Radio 4, 1981
- "The Monument" by David Cregan, as Dr. James Short, BBC Radio 3, 1978
- "Where Are They Now?" by Tom Stopp... | 1,817 |
157721 | Timothy West | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timothy%20West | Timothy West
Audiobooks.
Timothy West has read many unabridged audiobooks, including the complete Barchester Chronicles and the complete Palliser novels by Anthony Trollope, and seven of George MacDonald Fraser's "The Flashman Papers" books. He has received four AudioFile Earphones Awards for his narration.
# Books.
... | 1,818 |
157739 | Battle of St-Dizier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20St-Dizier | Battle of St-Dizier
Battle of St-Dizier
The first Battle of St-Dizier was fought on January 26, 1814, and resulted the victory of French under Napoleon Bonaparte against Russians under General Lanskoy. Napoleon and his troops had left Ligny the day before; Lanskoy held St-Dizier with 800 dragoons, and he left the town... | 1,819 |
157739 | Battle of St-Dizier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20St-Dizier | Battle of St-Dizier
whole army for battle at St Dizier, but MacDonald's information was incorrect; Napoleon found only a body of cavalry under the command of General Wintzingerode, whom Napoleon's troops quickly put to flight.
# Further reading.
- Lamartine, Alphonse de (1872). "The History of the Restoration of the ... | 1,820 |
157739 | Battle of St-Dizier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20St-Dizier | Battle of St-Dizier
; Napoleon found only a body of cavalry under the command of General Wintzingerode, whom Napoleon's troops quickly put to flight.
# Further reading.
- Lamartine, Alphonse de (1872). "The History of the Restoration of the Monarchy in France". Captain Rafter, translator. London: Bell and Daldy.
- G... | 1,821 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
Stokesay Castle
Stokesay Castle is one of the finest surviving fortified manor houses in England, and situated at Stokesay in Shropshire. It was largely built in its present form in the late 13th century by Laurence de Ludlow, on the earlier castle (some of which still survives) founded by its original... | 1,822 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
various private owners. By the time of the outbreak of the English Civil War in 1641, Stokesay was owned by William Craven, the first Earl of Craven and a supporter of King Charles I. After the Royalist war effort collapsed in 1645, Parliamentary forces besieged the castle in June and quickly forced its... | 1,823 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
during his visit in 1813 that it had been "abandoned to neglect, and rapidly advancing to ruin". Restoration work was carried out in the 1830s and 1850s by William Craven, the second Earl of Craven. In 1869 the Craven estate, now heavily in debt, was sold to the wealthy industrialist John Derby Allcroft... | 1,824 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
the early 20th century, however, and it became increasingly difficult for them to cover the costs of maintaining Stokesay. In 1986 Jewell Magnus-Allcroft finally agreed to place Stokesay Castle into the guardianship of English Heritage, and the castle was left to the organisation on her death in 1992. E... | 1,825 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
with an entrance way through a 17th-century timber and plaster gatehouse. Inside, the courtyard faces a stone hall and solar block, protected by two stone towers. The hall features a 13th-century wooden-beamed ceiling, and 17th-century carved figures ornament the gatehouse and the solar. The castle was ... | 1,826 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
of interpretative material displayed at the property and kept the castle largely unfurnished.
# History.
## 13th–15th centuries.
Stokesay Castle was largely built in its present form during the 1280s and 1290s in the village of Stokesay by Laurence of Ludlow, a very wealthy wool merchant. Stokesay to... | 1,827 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
The manor was later held under the de Lacys by members of the de Say family, whose name attached to 'Stoke' created the name - Stokesay - by which it is still known today. In 1241, the then lord of Stokesay, Walter de Lacy, Lord of Meath, died. His son Gilbert had predeceased him, so his extensive estat... | 1,828 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
Eighth Crusade with Prince Edward, John de Verdun conveyed a tenancy of his manor of Stokesay to Philip de Whichecote for a term of 3 years, which was later extended for the term of Philip's life, when it would revert to John de Verdun. However, John died in 1274 and Stokesay was inherited by his son Th... | 1,829 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
held by the Ludlows under the de Verduns. This is shown by the Inquest Post Mortem of Theobald II de Verdun (son of Theobald I de Verdun), taken in March of that year, which "gives the Heirs of Sir William de Lodlowe as holding of the deceased a knight's-fee in Southstoke" ('north Stoke' was one of the ... | 1,830 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
James de Audley, Justicier of Ireland and Sheriff of Staffordshire & Shropshire. James de Audley's family had been tenants and close associates of the de Verdons of Alton. James's father, Henry de Audley had married Petronilla de Gresley, one of the de Stafford family - her great great grandfather was R... | 1,831 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
Ida de Tosny, who became the wife of Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk. John de Verdun's grandfather, Nicholas de Verdun had been brought up at the court of Ida and Roger Bigod.
Laurence bought the tenancy of Stokesay from Philip de Whichecote in 1281, possibly for around £266, which he could easily have af... | 1,832 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
well-positioned close to his other business operations in the region. It was also intended to be used as a commercial estate, as it was worth around £26 a year, with of agricultural land, of meadows, an expanse of woodland, along with watermills and a dovecot.
Work began on the castle at some point aft... | 1,833 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
tower, which had a particularly martial appearance and was added onto the castle shortly afterwards.
In November 1294 Laurence was drowned at sea off the south of England, and his son, William, may have finished some of the final work on Stokesay. His descendants, who took the Ludlow surname, continued... | 1,834 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
Henry divided his time between London and Stokesay, probably staying in the north tower. Henry stood surety for an associate's debts and when they defaulted, he was pursued for this money, resulting in a period of imprisonment in Fleet Prison; by 1598 he sold the castle for £6,000 to pay off his own sub... | 1,835 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
Baldwyn, and his son Samuel. He rebuilt the gatehouse during 1640 and 1641, however, at a cost of around £533. In 1643 the English Civil War broke out between the supporters of King Charles I and Parliament. A Royalist supporter, William spent the war years at Elizabeth Stuart's court at the Hague, and ... | 1,836 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
demanding, among other things, the removal of the garrison from Stokesay Castle.
By early 1645 the war had turned decisively against the King, and in February, Parliamentary forces seized the county town of Shrewsbury. This exposed the rest of the region to attack, and in June a force of 800 Parliament... | 1,837 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
the besiegers demanded that the garrison surrender, the garrison refused, the attackers demanded a surrender for a second time, and this time the garrison were able to give up the castle with dignity.
Shortly afterwards on 9 June, a Royalist force led by Sir Michael Woodhouse attempted to recapture the... | 1,838 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
the slighting of the castle in 1647, but only pulled down the castle's curtain wall, leaving the rest of the complex intact. Samuel returned in 1649 to continue to rent the castle during the years of the Commonwealth, and put in wood panelling and new windows into parts of the property. With the restora... | 1,839 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
built against the side of the hall, were demolished around 1800, and by the early 19th century the castle was being used for storing grain and manufacturing, including barrel-making, coining and a smithy.
The castle began to deteriorate, and the antiquarian John Britton noted during his visit in 1813 t... | 1,840 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
cruck tresses in the castle's roof posed a particular threat to the hall, as the decaying roof began to push the walls apart.
Restoration work was carried out in the 1830s by William Craven, the Earl of Craven. This was a deliberate attempt at conserving the existing building, rather than rebuilding it... | 1,841 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
her supervision, at a cost of £103.
In 1869 the Craven estate, in size but by now heavily mortgaged, were purchased by John Derby Allcroft for £215,000. Allcroft was the head of Dents, a major glove manufacturer, through which he had become extremely wealthy. The estate included Stokesay Castle, where ... | 1,842 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
He may have been influenced by the contemporary writings of the local vicar, the Reverend James La Touche, who took a somewhat romanticised approach to the analysis of the castle's history and architecture. The castle had become a popular sight for tourists and artists by the 1870s and the gatehouse was... | 1,843 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
in the 20th century and the castle was formally opened for visitors in 1908, with much of the revenue reinvested in the property, but funds for repairs remained in short supply. By the 1930s the Allcroft estate was in serious financial difficulties, and the payment of two sets of death duties in 1946 an... | 1,844 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
agreed to place Stokesay Castle into the guardianship of English Heritage, and the castle was left to the organisation on her death in 1992.
The castle was passed to English Heritage largely unfurnished, with minimal interpretative material in place, and it needed fresh restoration. There were various ... | 1,845 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
and preserving the building in the condition it was passed to English Heritage, including its unfurnished interior. The archaeologist Gill Chitty has described this as encouraging visitors to undergo a "personal discovery of a sense of historical relationship and event" around the castle. Against this b... | 1,846 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
The castle is protected under UK law as a Grade I listed building and as a scheduled monument.
# Architecture.
## Structure.
Stokesay Castle was built on a patch of slightly rising ground in the basin of the River Onny. It took the form of a solar block and hall attached to a northern and southern to... | 1,847 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
the moat. The courtyard, around by , contained additional buildings during the castle's history, probably including a kitchen, bakehouse and storerooms, which were pulled down around 1800.
The castle was surrounded by a moat, between and across, although it is uncertain whether this was originally a dr... | 1,848 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
alongside the castle.
Stokesay Castle forms what archaeologist Gill Chitty describes as "a comparatively complete ensemble" of medieval buildings, and their survival, almost unchanged, is extremely unusual. Historian Henry Summerson considers it "one of the best-preserved medieval fortified manor house... | 1,849 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
was designed as essentially an ornamental building, with little defensive value.
The south tower forms an unequal pentagon in shape, and has three storeys with thick walls. The walls were built to contain the stairs and garderobes, the unevenly positioned empty spaces weakening the structure, and this ... | 1,850 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
a secure area for storage, in addition to also containing a well. The first floor, which formed the original entrance to the tower, contains a 17th-century fireplace, reusing the original 13th-century chimney. The second floor has been subdivided in the past, but has been restored to form a single chamb... | 1,851 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
tower, and were designed to be symmetrical when seen from the courtyard, although the addition of the additional stone buttresses in the 19th century has altered this appearance. The hall is long and wide, with has three large, wooden 13th-century arches supporting the roof, unusually, given its size, u... | 1,852 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
has two storeys and a cellar, and would have probably acted as the living space for Laurence of Ludlow when he first moved into the castle. The solar room itself is on the first floor, and is reached by external steps. The wood panelling and carved wooden fireplace are of 17th-century origin, probably f... | 1,853 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
probably from Laurence's house in Ludlow. The walls of the second floor are mostly half-timbered, jettying out above the stone walls beneath them; the tower has its original 13th-century fireplace, although the wooden roof is 19th-century, modeled on the 13th-century original, and the windows are 17th-c... | 1,854 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
mansion rather than a castle of strength", and more recently the historian Nigel Pounds has described the castle as forming "a lightly fortified home", providing security but not intended to resist a military attack. The historian Henry Summerson describes its military features as "superficial", and Oli... | 1,855 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
Laurence was a newly-moneyed member of the upper class, and he may not have wanted to erect a fortification that would have threatened the established Marcher Lords in the region.
Nonetheless, Stokesay Castle was intended to have a dramatic, military appearance, echoing the castles then being built by ... | 1,856 |
157715 | Stokesay Castle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stokesay%20Castle | Stokesay Castle
bly intended to resemble the gatehouses of contemporary castles such as Caernarfon and Denbigh, and would probably have originally shared the former's "banded" stonework. Cordingley describes the south tower as "adding prestige rather than security". Visitors would then have passed by the impressive out... | 1,857 |
157750 | Battle of Toulouse | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Toulouse | Battle of Toulouse
Battle of Toulouse
Battle of Toulouse may refer to:
- Battle of Toulouse (439) between the Visigoths and the Western Roman Empire
- Battle of Toulouse (458) between the Visigoths and the Western Roman Empire
- Battle of Toulouse (844) during the Carolingian civil war
- Battle of Toulouse (1814) ... | 1,858 |
157741 | Yao Wenyuan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yao%20Wenyuan | Yao Wenyuan
Yao Wenyuan
Yao Wenyuan (January 12, 1931 – December 23, 2005) was a Chinese literary critic, a politician, and a member of the Gang of Four during China's Cultural Revolution.
# Biography.
Yao Wenyuan was born in Zhuji, Zhejiang, to an intellectual family. His father, Yao Pengzi (姚蓬子) was a writer, tran... | 1,859 |
157741 | Yao Wenyuan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yao%20Wenyuan | Yao Wenyuan
Opera 'Hai Rui Dismissed from Office'", published in "Wenhuibao" on November 10, 1965, launched the Cultural Revolution.
The article was about a popular opera by Wu Han, who was deputy mayor of Beijing. Zhang Chunqiao and Jiang Qing feared the play could be counter-revolutionary because parallels could be ... | 1,860 |
157741 | Yao Wenyuan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yao%20Wenyuan | Yao Wenyuan
of defense Peng Dehuai, a critic of Mao’s disastrous Great Leap Forward.
Confused by this unexpected attack, Beijing's party leadership tried to protect Wu Han, providing Mao the pretext for a full-scale "struggle" against them in the following year. Yao was soon promoted to the Cultural Revolution Group.
... | 1,861 |
157741 | Yao Wenyuan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yao%20Wenyuan | Yao Wenyuan
paper. He joined the state's efforts to rid China's writers union of the famous writer Hu Feng.
In October 1976, he was arrested for his participation in the Cultural Revolution and sentenced to 20 years imprisonment. He was released on October 23, 1996, and spent the remainder of his life writing a book a... | 1,862 |
157740 | Zhang Chunqiao | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zhang%20Chunqiao | Zhang Chunqiao
Zhang Chunqiao
Zhang Chunqiao (; 1 February 1917 – 21 April 2005) was a prominent Chinese political theorist, writer, and politician. He came to the national spotlight during the late stages of the Cultural Revolution, and was a member of the ultra-Maoist group dubbed the "Gang of Four".
# Biography.
... | 1,863 |
157740 | Zhang Chunqiao | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zhang%20Chunqiao | Zhang Chunqiao
the Cultural Revolution.
Zhang first came to prominence as the result of his October 1958 "Jiefang" ("Liberation") magazine entitled “Destroy the Ideas of Bourgeois Legal Ownership.” Mao Zedong ordered the reproduction of the article in "People’s Daily", and personally wrote an accompanying “Editor’s No... | 1,864 |
157740 | Zhang Chunqiao | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zhang%20Chunqiao | Zhang Chunqiao
Petition of workers and then organized the Shanghai Commune along with Wang Hongwen and Yao Wenyuan in February 1967, essentially overthrowing the local government and party organization and becoming chairman of the city's Revolutionary Committee, which combined both the former posts of mayor and party s... | 1,865 |
157740 | Zhang Chunqiao | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zhang%20Chunqiao | Zhang Chunqiao
Standing Committee, a council of top Communist leaders. In January 1975 Zhang became the second-ranked Vice Premier and he wrote "On Exercising All-Round Dictatorship Over the Bourgeoisie" to promote the movement of studying the theory of the dictatorship of the proletariat; Deng Xiaoping was the first-r... | 1,866 |
157740 | Zhang Chunqiao | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zhang%20Chunqiao | Zhang Chunqiao
was arrested along with the other members of the Gang of Four in October 1976, as part of a conspiracy by Ye Jianying, Li Xiannian and newly anointed party leader Hua Guofeng. Zhang was sentenced to death with a two-year reprieve, together with Jiang Qing, in 1984, but his sentence was later commuted to ... | 1,867 |
157742 | Wang Hongwen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wang%20Hongwen | Wang Hongwen
Wang Hongwen
Wang Hongwen (December, 1935 – August 3, 1992) was a Chinese labour activist and politician who spent most of his career in Shanghai. He was an important political figure during the Cultural Revolution (1966–76). He was the youngest member of the far-left political clique called the "Gang of ... | 1,868 |
157742 | Wang Hongwen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wang%20Hongwen | Wang Hongwen
then sentenced to life imprisonment in 1981.
# Biography.
Wang was born in a village in the outskirts of Changchun, Jilin province. In the early 1950s he took part in the Korean War. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1953. After the war, he was sent to Shanghai to work in Shanghai No. 17 Cotton T... | 1,869 |
157742 | Wang Hongwen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wang%20Hongwen | Wang Hongwen
Wang was put in charge of the investigation into the case in the Shanghai area, reporting directly to Mao. At the 10th National Congress of the CCP in 1973, Wang Hongwen was elevated to second ranking Vice Chairman in the Central Committee, and a member of the Politburo Standing Committee, making him the t... | 1,870 |
157742 | Wang Hongwen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wang%20Hongwen | Wang Hongwen
of Mao, and served as the masters of ceremonies for his funeral service on national radio on September 18, 1976. He was arrested in what was essentially a coup planned by Hua and General Ye Jianying for his participation in the Gang of Four during the Cultural Revolution in October 1976. Wang was tried and... | 1,871 |
157742 | Wang Hongwen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wang%20Hongwen | Wang Hongwen
ptember 18, 1976. He was arrested in what was essentially a coup planned by Hua and General Ye Jianying for his participation in the Gang of Four during the Cultural Revolution in October 1976. Wang was tried and sentenced to life imprisonment in 1981. He died of liver cancer in a Beijing hospital on Augus... | 1,872 |
157747 | Battle of the Chernaya | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Chernaya | Battle of the Chernaya
Battle of the Chernaya
The Battle of the Chernaya (also Tchernaïa; Russian: Сражение у Черной речки, Сражение у реки Черной, literally: Battle of the Black River) was a battle by the Chornaya River fought during the Crimean War on August 16, 1855. The battle was fought between Russian troops and... | 1,873 |
157747 | Battle of the Chernaya | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Chernaya | Battle of the Chernaya
Alexander II had ordered his commander in chief in the Crimea, Prince Michael Gorchakov to attack the besieging forces before they were reinforced further. The Czar hoped that by gaining a victory, he could force a more favorable resolution to the conflict. Gorchakov didn’t think that an attack w... | 1,874 |
157747 | Battle of the Chernaya | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Chernaya | Battle of the Chernaya
(Sardinians). The Russians hoped that because of these feasts the enemy would be tired and less attentive to the Russians.
# The battle.
58,000 Russian troops in two army corps under Prince Michael Gorchakov fought against 28,000 French and Sardinian troops under French General Aimable Pélissie... | 1,875 |
157747 | Battle of the Chernaya | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Chernaya | Battle of the Chernaya
47,000 infantry, 10,000 cavalry and 270 cannon under command of General Pavel Liprandi on the left and General N. A. Read on the right. The two generals had been ordered by Gorchakov not to cross the river until given explicit orders. Annoyed that things weren’t happening fast enough, Gorchakov s... | 1,876 |
157747 | Battle of the Chernaya | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Chernaya | Battle of the Chernaya
forces crossed the river near Traktirburg but without cavalry and artillery support, they were easily stopped by the French on the Fedyukhin Heights (Федюхины высоты). Read then ordered his reserve formation, the 5th Infantry Division, to attack the Heights but instead of launching a coordinated ... | 1,877 |
157747 | Battle of the Chernaya | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Chernaya | Battle of the Chernaya
of the right and ordered 8 battalions of Liprandi's left wing to reinforce the right wing. These forces came under fire from the Sardinians and were driven back. At 10 o’clock in the morning, Gorchakov concluded that the situation was hopeless and ordered a general retreat.
The bravery of Sardin... | 1,878 |
157747 | Battle of the Chernaya | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Chernaya | Battle of the Chernaya
of Italy.
# Tolstoy.
Russian Count Leo Tolstoy was a participant in the Battle of the Chernaya River. He witnessed as the Russians crossed the river and started up the hillside in the morning sunlight. Tolstoy saw Russian soldiers being killed in clusters as shells exploded around them. Before ... | 1,879 |
157747 | Battle of the Chernaya | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20the%20Chernaya | Battle of the Chernaya
due to incompetent generals and staff. Tolstoy vented his anger by composing a , an approximate translation of which reads:
"The toppest brass
Sat down to meet
And pondered long;
Topographers
Lined paper black
But all forgot
The deep ravine
They had to cross!"
This humorous song soon gai... | 1,880 |
157751 | Local councils of Malta | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Local%20councils%20of%20Malta | Local councils of Malta
Local councils of Malta
Since June 30, 1993, Malta has been subdivided into 68 localities, governed by local councils, , meaning municipalities or borough. These form the most basic form of local government and there are no intermediate levels between it and the national level. The levels of th... | 1,881 |
157751 | Local councils of Malta | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Local%20councils%20of%20Malta | Local councils of Malta
to that locality shall be by the name so designated.
# List of Maltese local communities councils.
These local community committees are going to operate from the beginning of July 2010, the Maltese Elections of Committees for Communities 2010 was held on Saturday March 27, in these hamlets:
-... | 1,882 |
157751 | Local councils of Malta | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Local%20councils%20of%20Malta | Local councils of Malta
Il-Kumitat Amministrattiv tax-Xlendi in Il-Munxar
In June 2010 were held also the elections for the local community committees, in these hamlets:
- Il-Kumitat Amministrattiv ta' Gwardmanġa in Tal-Pietà, Malta
- Il-Kumitat Amministrattiv tas-Swatar in Birkirkara and L-Imsida
- Il-Kumitat Ammi... | 1,883 |
157751 | Local councils of Malta | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Local%20councils%20of%20Malta | Local councils of Malta
day in the 2014 hamlet elections.
## Other recognised hamlets without a local community committee.
- Albert Town in Il-Marsa, Malta
- Bengħisa in Birżebbuġa
- Il-Bidnija in Il-Mosta/L-Imġarr
- Bir id-Deheb in Iż-Żejtun/Ħal Għaxaq
- Il-Blata l-Bajda in Il-Ħamrun/Il-Marsa, Malta
- Tal-Blata... | 1,884 |
157751 | Local councils of Malta | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Local%20councils%20of%20Malta | Local councils of Malta
In-Naxxar
- San Martin in San Pawl il-Baħar
- Santa Margerita in Mosta
- Santa Maria Estate in Il-Mellieħa
- Ta' Ganza in Iż-Żejtun
- Ta' Giorni in San Ġiljan
- Ta' Kassja in Gozo
- Ta' Taħt iċ-Ċint in Iż-Żurrieq
- Tal-Barmil in Gozo
- Tal-Bebbux in Iż-Żurrieq
- Tal-Ħawli in Il-Birgu
... | 1,885 |
157751 | Local councils of Malta | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Local%20councils%20of%20Malta | Local councils of Malta
jt in San Ġwann
- Victoria Gardens in Is-Swieqi
- Wied iż-Żurrieq in Il-Qrendi
- Ix-Xemxija in San Pawl il-Baħar
- Ix-Xwieki in Ħal Għargħur
- Iż-Żebbiegħ in L-Imġarr
- Ta' Żokkrija in Il-Mosta
# See also.
- 2005 Maltese local council elections
- 2006 Maltese local council elections
- ... | 1,886 |
157737 | Battle of Seneffe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Seneffe | Battle of Seneffe
Battle of Seneffe
The Battle of Seneffe took place on 11 August 1674, during the 1672–1678 Franco-Dutch War near Seneffe in present-day Belgium. It was fought by a French army commanded by Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé and a combined Dutch-Imperial-Spanish force led by William of Orange. While... | 1,887 |
157737 | Battle of Seneffe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Seneffe | Battle of Seneffe
fought to prevent the fall of Mons.
# Background.
In the 1667–1668 War of Devolution, France captured most of the Spanish Netherlands and Franche-Comté but relinquished the bulk of these gains in the 1668 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle with the Triple Alliance of the Dutch Republic, England and Sweden. A... | 1,888 |
157737 | Battle of Seneffe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Seneffe | Battle of Seneffe
Concern at French gains led to the August 1673 Treaty of the Hague between the Republic, Brandenburg-Prussia, Emperor Leopold and Charles II of Spain; in early 1674, Denmark joined the Alliance, while England and the Dutch made peace in the Treaty of Westminster.
Forced into another war of attrition ... | 1,889 |
157737 | Battle of Seneffe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Seneffe | Battle of Seneffe
army in the Spanish Netherlands remained on the defensive. The Allies besieged Grave in early July, which was too distant to have any realistic chance of being relieved by the French; with the advantage of superior numbers and aware of Louis' plans to capture Mons, the main Allied field army sought to... | 1,890 |
157737 | Battle of Seneffe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Seneffe | Battle of Seneffe
largely focused on controlling access points to rivers such as the Lys, the Sambre and Meuse, while the flat terrain made possession of any high ground extremely advantageous.
A Dutch-Spanish force under William of Orange and Count Monterrey, Governor of the Spanish Netherlands, spent June and July u... | 1,891 |
157737 | Battle of Seneffe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Seneffe | Battle of Seneffe
along the line of the Piéton river which joined the Sambre at Charleroi, then occupied by the French.
Concluding these positions were too strong to be attacked from the direction of Nivelles, on 9 August the Allied army established a line between the villages of Arquennes to Roux, on the French left.... | 1,892 |
157737 | Battle of Seneffe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Seneffe | Battle of Seneffe
positions. The vanguard was commanded by the Comte de Souches, the rear by the Marquis d'Assentar, who had just replaced Monterrey as the senior Spanish officer, with William and the bulk of the infantry in the centre. The formation was dictated by the poor roads and resulted in gaps between the colum... | 1,893 |
157737 | Battle of Seneffe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Seneffe | Battle of Seneffe
largely marshy and broken up by numerous hedges, walls and woods, with limited exit points; gambling these factors would negate their superior numbers, Condé decided to attack. He sent 400 light cavalry under Saint Clar to skirmish with the Allied vanguard and slow down their march, while also despatc... | 1,894 |
157737 | Battle of Seneffe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Seneffe | Battle of Seneffe
Condé himself led the elite Maison du Roi cavalry across the Zenne above Seneffe and scattered Vaudémont's cavalry. Simultaneous assaults by de Rannes and Luxembourg overwhelmed the infantry, who were all either killed or taken prisoner.
By midday, Condé had inflicted significant losses on the Allies... | 1,895 |
157737 | Battle of Seneffe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Seneffe | Battle of Seneffe
horse was once again driven from the field but the French were exhausted; the Dutch infantry remained intact, while the ground in front of their position was in any case unsuitable for cavalry.
Against the advice of his senior officers, Condé committed his troops to a series of bloody frontal assault... | 1,896 |
157737 | Battle of Seneffe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Seneffe | Battle of Seneffe
returned to their original positions on the Piéton.
Casualties on all sides had been enormous, although the Imperial troops in the vanguard saw little combat, apart from minor skirmishing with Saint Clar's cavalry and William later accused de Souches of deliberately refusing to support him. While est... | 1,897 |
157737 | Battle of Seneffe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Seneffe | Battle of Seneffe
impact on the war; on 31 August, a large convoy arrived in the Allied camp outside Mons, bringing supplies, a month's pay in advance for the survivors and five new Dutch regiments. This made up for the losses suffered at Seneffe and William proposed they resume the proposed invasion of France.
Neithe... | 1,898 |
157737 | Battle of Seneffe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Seneffe | Battle of Seneffe
since the Dutch and Spanish could not face the French on their own, they were forced into a hasty retreat.
After strong protests from the Dutch States General, de Souches was relieved of his command but this did little to solve the reality of diverging objectives in the Low Countries. De Souches' des... | 1,899 |
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