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1804407 | Hynek Fajmon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hynek%20Fajmon | Hynek Fajmon
Diplomatic Academy of Vienna
- London School of Economics
# Career.
- 1994-1997: Diplomat
- 1998: Adviser on NATO affairs to the Minister of Defence
- since 1991: Member of ODS (Civic Democratic Party)
- since 2001: Member of the ODS executive council
- since 1990: Member of Lysá nad Labem Town Council
- since 1996: Member of Lysá nad Labem Town Board
- 1998-2001: Mayor of Lysá nad Labem
- 2001-2002: Deputy Mayor of Lysá nad Labem
- 2001-2004: Member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic
- 2001-2004: Member of the Committee for European Integration
- 2003-2004: Observer at the European Parliament, member of the Committee on Budgets
"See also:" 2004 | 22,000 |
1804407 | Hynek Fajmon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hynek%20Fajmon | Hynek Fajmon
conomics
# Career.
- 1994-1997: Diplomat
- 1998: Adviser on NATO affairs to the Minister of Defence
- since 1991: Member of ODS (Civic Democratic Party)
- since 2001: Member of the ODS executive council
- since 1990: Member of Lysá nad Labem Town Council
- since 1996: Member of Lysá nad Labem Town Board
- 1998-2001: Mayor of Lysá nad Labem
- 2001-2002: Deputy Mayor of Lysá nad Labem
- 2001-2004: Member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic
- 2001-2004: Member of the Committee for European Integration
- 2003-2004: Observer at the European Parliament, member of the Committee on Budgets
"See also:" 2004 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic | 22,001 |
1804364 | Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shimizu-ku,%20Shizuoka | Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka
Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka
# Geography.
Shimizu is located on the coast of Suruga Bay of the Pacific Ocean and covers a wide area from a coastal plain to the hills. The view of Mount Fuji at Shimizu as seen across the bay from the Miho no Matsubara appears in many pictures and paintings.
## Neighboring municipalities.
Shizuoka Prefecture
- Fuji
- Fujinomiya
- Suruga-ku, Shizuoka city
- Aoi-ku, Shizuoka city
Yamanashi Prefecture
- Nambu
# History.
Shimizu-ku was created on April 1, 2005, when Shizuoka became a city designated by government ordinance (a "designated city"). Its area is almost identical to former Shimizu city, which merged with Shizuoka city on April 1, 2003. Shizuoka annexed | 22,002 |
1804364 | Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shimizu-ku,%20Shizuoka | Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka
the town of Kanbara from Ihara District on March 31, 2006, and the town of Yui on November 1, 2008, adding these former municipalities to Shimizu-ku.
Since ancient times, Shimizu thrived as a harbor town due to its good natural harbor. In addition, five post stations of Tōkaidō were located in Shimizu: (Kanbara-juku, Okitsu-juku, Ejiri-juku, and Yui-shuku, all of which brought prosperity to the area during the Edo period. After the Meiji Restoration, an Imperial decree in July 1899 established Shimizu as an open port for trading with the United States and the United Kingdom. Shimizu became an international trade port for the export of green tea, as well as housing a major fishery and affiliated | 22,003 |
1804364 | Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shimizu-ku,%20Shizuoka | Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka
industries.
A Japanese manga, "Chibi Maruko-chan" put Shimizu on the national map. This manga is written by Momoko Sakura, a native of Shimizu. Shimizu is also noted for its enthusiasm with soccer, with the local J.League professional club Shimizu S-Pulse having a strong support base.
# Economy.
Shimizu was introduced in a Japanese school textbook of geography as a city with all three industries: agriculture, heavy industry and commerce.
## Primary industry.
Shimizu is known for producing Japanese mandarin oranges, and green tea in the mountainous area and around the Nihondaira. Shimizu Port is a major commercial fishing port. Production of roses used to be the highest in Japan.
## Heavy | 22,004 |
1804364 | Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shimizu-ku,%20Shizuoka | Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka
industry.
The waterfront area was formerly an industrial area and there were shipyards, iron works, and numerous canneries. Most of the heavy industry has been replaced by commercial venues.
## Commerce.
At Shimizu Station, the "Shimizu Ekimae Ginza" shopping area used to be the city center of Shimizu. However, there are no longer any department stores. The Seiyu that remained near the station closed in March 2015. Since many large suburban shopping centers have been expanding, the shopping area downtown is not as lively as it used to be. Lately, department stores like Nagasaki-ya, Marui, Seifu and Daiei have closed, one after the another. Moreover, since Shimizu merged with Shizuoka, a plan | 22,005 |
1804364 | Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shimizu-ku,%20Shizuoka | Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka
is being implemented to move fundamental functions to the area around Higashi-Shizuoka Station as the third central area of the city in addition to Shimizu and Shizuoka.
# Transport.
## Highway.
- Tōmei Expressway
- Japan National Route 1
- Japan National Route 52
- Japan National Route 149
- Japan National Route 150
## Rail.
- JR Central - Tōkaidō Main Line
- Shizuoka Railway Shizuoka–Shimizu Line
Until 1984, the Shimizukō Line ran 8 km into Miho in the heart of the Shimizu peninsula. Local bus services provide many routes throughout Shimizu-ku.
## Sea Port.
- The Port of Shimizu is a long established mid-size sea port, catering to container ships, dry bulk ships and cruise ships | 22,006 |
1804364 | Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shimizu-ku,%20Shizuoka | Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka
( https://www.portofshimizu-intl.com/ ).
It is well located, being in between the two major port areas of Japan, i.e. the Tokyo Bay ports of Tokyo, Kawasaki and Yokohama (Keihin ports) and the Osaka Bay ports of Osaka and Kobe (Hanshin ports. The Port of Shimizu has a water depth of about 12 meters; its attractiveness has been enhanced over the past years by the construction of new road and rail links which contribute to expanding its commercial hinterland.
In tonnage, imports (about 6.5 million tons) are close to twice export volumes, but in trade value exports are twice as valuable as imports.
The Port of Shimizu container traffic is about balanced, with over 250,000 TEU (Twenty Foot Equivalent | 22,007 |
1804364 | Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shimizu-ku,%20Shizuoka | Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka
Unit) in each direction, with auto parts and chemicals amongst the main cargo types. Major international container lines provide weekly services on major trade routes, including North America, Europe and Asia, with about 110 calls per months on 28 trade routes.
The port of Shimizu also includes a terminal to receive LNG tankers and store imported Liquefied natural gas; it is operated by Shimizu LNG, a subsidiary of Shizuoka Gas (Japan is the world's largest importer of LNG).
The Port of Shimizu is also connected to other Japan ports. In particular, it is served by a Roll-on/roll-off service serving the port of Ōita, on the north-east coast of the southern island of Kyushu. This service, which | 22,008 |
1804364 | Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shimizu-ku,%20Shizuoka | Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka
sails three times a week and has a transit time of 20 hours, has enabled a modal shift of freight trucks from road to sea, thereby contributing to decreasing congestion and pollution on roads.
# Leisure.
## Football.
Shimizu is famous as one of the top cities in Japan where football is quite popular. It is well known as the home town of a J.League team, Shimizu S-Pulse. An earlier club, "Hagoromo Club" (which spun off its parent company Nippon Light Metal) represented Shimizu in the old Japan Soccer League in the 1970s.
The local elementary schools and junior high schools equip fields with night lighting for soccer and Shimizu has maintained this infrastructure for a long time. Since 1987, | 22,009 |
1804364 | Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shimizu-ku,%20Shizuoka | Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka
one of the top cities in Japan where football is quite popular. It is well known as the home town of a J.League team, Shimizu S-Pulse. An earlier club, "Hagoromo Club" (which spun off its parent company Nippon Light Metal) represented Shimizu in the old Japan Soccer League in the 1970s.
The local elementary schools and junior high schools equip fields with night lighting for soccer and Shimizu has maintained this infrastructure for a long time. Since 1987, the national soccer competition “Shimizu Cup” for boys and girls has been held in August.
A famous son of the city is Japan youth international and Celtic footballer, Koki Mizuno.
## Local attractions.
- Miho no Matsubara
- Nihondaira | 22,010 |
1804415 | Richard Falbr | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard%20Falbr | Richard Falbr
Richard Falbr
Richard Falbr (born 29 September 1940, in Chester) is a Czech politician and
Member of the European Parliament with the Czech Social Democratic Party, part of the Socialist Group and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Employment and Social Affairs.
He is a substitute for the Committee on Regional Development, a member of the Delegation for relations with the countries of Central America and a substitute for the Delegation for relations with Mercosur.
# Education.
- 1969: Doctor of Jurisprudence (Law Faculty of Charles University, Prague
# Career.
- 1959–1963: Foreign-language correspondent
- 1963–1969: staff of communist secret police – language teacher
- 1970–1989: | 22,011 |
1804415 | Richard Falbr | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard%20Falbr | Richard Falbr
Trade union lawyer
- 1989–1990: Lawyer
- 1990–1994: Vice-Chairman of the Czech and Slovak Confederation of Trade Unions
- 1990–1998: Chairman of the Bohemian-Moravian Service Workers' Trade Union
- 1991–1992: Vice-Chairman of ČSSD (Czech Social Democratic Party)
- 1992–2002: Member of the administration of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
- 1993–2002: Member of the Governing Body of the International Labour Organisation
- 1994–2002: Chairman of the Bohemian-Moravian Confederation of Trade Unions
- 1995–2002: Member of the administration of the Trade Union European Confederation
- 1996–2004: Member of the Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs of the Senate | 22,012 |
1804415 | Richard Falbr | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard%20Falbr | Richard Falbr
mber of the administration of the Trade Union European Confederation
- 1996–2004: Member of the Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs of the Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic
- 1996–2004: Senator
- 1998–2002: Vice-Chairman of the Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs of the Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic
- 2002–2004: Member of the Committee on Mandate and Parliamentary Privilege of the Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic
- 2002–2004: Member of the Standing Senate Commission on the Constitution of the Czech Republic
- 2003–2004: Observer at the European Parliament
"See also:" 2004 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic | 22,013 |
1804329 | List of places in Merseyside | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20places%20in%20Merseyside | List of places in Merseyside
List of places in Merseyside
This is a list of cities, towns, villages and other populated places in the ceremonial county of Merseyside, England. See the list of places in England for places in other counties. The red links represent settlements that currently do not have enough knowledge about them to be worth creating an article for. If you feel you have this knowledge go ahead and create the page.
# A.
Aigburth -
Ainsdale -
Aintree -
Allerton -
Anfield
# B.
Barnston -
Bebington -
Beechwood -
Belle Vale -
Bidston -
Billinge -
Birkdale -
Birkenhead -
Blowick -
Blundellsands -
Bold -
Bootle -
Bowring Park -
Brighton le Sands -
Brimstage -
Broadgreen -
Bromborough -
Bromborough | 22,014 |
1804329 | List of places in Merseyside | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20places%20in%20Merseyside | List of places in Merseyside
Pool
# C.
Caldy -
Canning -
Childwall -
Churchtown -
Claughton -
Clock Face -
Clubmoor -
Crank -
Cressington -
Crosby -
Crossens -
Croxteth -
Croxteth Park Estate
# D.
Dentons Green -
Dingle -
Dovecot
# E.
Earlestown -
Eastham -
Eccleston -
Eccleston Lane Ends -
Eccleston Park -
Edge Hill -
Egremont -
Everton
# F.
Fairfield -
Fazakerley -
Ford -
Ford Estate -
Formby -
Frankby -
Freshfield
# G.
Garston -
Gateacre -
Gayton -
Gillmoss -
Golborne Dale -
Grange -
Grange Park -
Grassendale -
Greasby -
Great Altcar -
Great Meols
# H.
Halewood -
Halsnead Park -
Haydock -
Heswall -
Higher Bebington -
Higher Tranmere -
Hightown -
Hillside -
Hoylake | 22,015 |
1804329 | List of places in Merseyside | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20places%20in%20Merseyside | List of places in Merseyside
-
Hunts Cross -
Huyton
# I.
Ince Blundell -
Irby
# K.
Kensington -
Kings Moss -
Kirkby -
Kirkdale -
Knotty Ash -
Knowsley Village -
Knowsley Park
# L.
Landican -
Larton -
Leasowe -
Liscard -
Litherland -
Little Altcar -
Little Crosby -
Liverpool -
Lunt -
Lydiate
# M.
Maghull -
Marshside -
Melling -
Meols -
Moreton -
Mossley Hill -
# N.
Netherley -
Netherton -
New Brighton -
New Ferry -
Newton -
Newton-le-Willows -
Noctorum -
Norris Green -
# O.
Old Roan -
Old Swan -
Orrell Park -
Oxton
# P.
Page Moss -
Parr -
Pensby -
Port Sunlight -
Poulton -
Prenton -
Prescot
# R.
Raby -
Raby Mere -
Rainford -
Rainhill -
Roby -
Rock Ferry
# S.
Saughall | 22,016 |
1804329 | List of places in Merseyside | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20places%20in%20Merseyside | List of places in Merseyside
n -
Old Swan -
Orrell Park -
Oxton
# P.
Page Moss -
Parr -
Pensby -
Port Sunlight -
Poulton -
Prenton -
Prescot
# R.
Raby -
Raby Mere -
Rainford -
Rainhill -
Roby -
Rock Ferry
# S.
Saughall Massie -
Seacombe -
Seaforth -
Sefton -
Southport -
Speke -
Spital -
St Helens -
Stockbridge Village -
Stoneycroft -
Sutton Leach -
Sutton Manor
# T.
Tarbock -
Thatto Heath -
Thingwall -
Thornton -
Thornton Hough -
Thurstaston -
Toxteth -
Tranmere -
Tuebrook
# U.
Upton
# V.
Vauxhall
# W.
Waddicar -
Wallasey -
Wallasey Village -
Walton -
Waterloo -
Wavertree -
West Derby -
West Kirby -
Whiston -
Windle -
Wolverham -
Woodchurch -
Woodvale -
Woolton | 22,017 |
1804399 | Paul Murray (presenter) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Murray%20(presenter) | Paul Murray (presenter)
Paul Murray (presenter)
Paul Murray (born 14 July 1978) is a conservative radio and TV broadcaster based in Sydney, Australia.
He was the former regular Mornings presenter on 2UE show "A Sydney Morning". He also hosts "Paul Murray Live" on Sky News Australia which airs Sunday to Thursday at 9pm AEST. and "Saturday Edition".
# Career.
Prior to joining 2UE Murray worked for Triple M (most notably as co-host of popular drive show 'Paul and Rach') 2005-2010, Nova969 (Newsroom/Late Nights) 2001-2004, 2SM (Newsroom) 1999-2001 and 2GB (Newsroom) 1998-2000 and again in 2004.
Murray has won a variety of radio awards (ACRA) including Brian White Memorial Award (radio news reporting) and Best Documentary | 22,018 |
1804399 | Paul Murray (presenter) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Murray%20(presenter) | Paul Murray (presenter)
(Triple M's Tribute to Vic Davies).
He has also been nominated several times for best comedy segment and in 2012 was nominated for best talk presenter.
Late in 2005, Murray left Nova 96.9 to commence his television career. In November 2005, he began reporting and hosting segments for the Seven Network's morning current affairs & variety program "Sunrise"; later he was a regular guest on "Weekend Sunrise".
In 2008, Murray joined "The Shebang" with Marty Sheargold and Fifi Box on Triple M's Sydney breakfast shift and also co-hosted the short-lived chat show "The NightCap" on 7HD. The latter program debuted with the first known public discussion of the childhood accident that left him with only | 22,019 |
1804399 | Paul Murray (presenter) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Murray%20(presenter) | Paul Murray (presenter)
nine toes. He also joined Sky News Australia where he began hosting 180 with Paul Murray (now known as Paul Murray Live).
At the start of 2009 Murray began hosting the All New Paul Murray Show on Sydney and Melbourne's Triple M from 7pm-10pm weekdays and on Brisbane's Triple M from 10pm-1am. Later that year, he was replaced by Ugly Phil and began hosting a drive program, "Paul & Rach" with Rachel Corbett.
In November 2010, it was announced that Murray would be moving to AM radio station 2UE. He hosted both Drive and Morning shows and in early 2013, he began hosting the morning show "Sydney Mornings". In October 2013, Murray openly criticised the decision by 2UE to sack fellow radio host Jason | 22,020 |
1804399 | Paul Murray (presenter) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Murray%20(presenter) | Paul Murray (presenter)
Morrison.
In December 2013, after a period of declining ratings for Murray's show, it was announced that Murray was leaving 2UE (his final show was broadcast on 13 December) and moving to Sky News full-time to host the show "Paul Murray Live" on weeknights.
# Radio show formats.
In January 2013, Murray started working on a new show "A Sydney Morning with Paul Murray" which, unlike other 2UE programs, broadcasts out of the Sydney Morning Herald newsroom. The show is on air from 8:30 to 11:30am on 954AM.
Prior to working on the morning program, Murray was the host of "Drive with Paul Murray" from 2011-2012.
In March 2006, he commenced as the new Triple M network presenter from 6-7pm Monday | 22,021 |
1804399 | Paul Murray (presenter) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Murray%20(presenter) | Paul Murray (presenter)
to Thursday, with an hour long current affairs radio show titled "The Paul Murray Hour". In July, the Triple M network replaced Murray's show with an 80s music hour, but in August Murray returned hosting a similar program, "The Paul Murray Show", but in the 7-9pm timeslot. In 2007, Lisa Millard (Millie, Millhouse) joined the show as co-host. The show broadcast out of Sydney to multiple cities throughout Australia. Murray often announced the frequency as 104.9 MHz, the relevant frequency in Sydney. The show ended at the end of 2007, although in 2009 it was reinstated on Triple M in Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane.
The 2006-2007 show almost always ended with the song "Watermelon Man" and included:
- | 22,022 |
1804399 | Paul Murray (presenter) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Murray%20(presenter) | Paul Murray (presenter)
interviews with media personalities
- fictitious advertisements e.g. for "La De Da Magazine"
- sketches satirising current events
- characters parodying other well-known voices
- Pauly's Pub Trivia
- On the job with Paul & Milly
- Clubbing of baby seals
- Nude News
## Pauly's Pub Trivia.
This climactic competition every evening followed the common radio-quiz format in which callers call in and the first contestant answers as many questions as they can before the compere passes to the next caller. There were five questions so the winner was the person who answered the fifth question correctly.
When an inadequate number of callers rang in, Mashup (music) of The Doors' "Riders on the | 22,023 |
1804399 | Paul Murray (presenter) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Murray%20(presenter) | Paul Murray (presenter)
Storm" and Blondie (band)'s "Rapture" was played as punishment music until enough contestants called.
The quiz was normally run in the last 5 minutes of the show. Hints were given to ensure that the quiz finished on time. These got as simple as "just say answer to question".
Initially, the prize was "absolutely nothing" but eventually it became the chance to hear the song "Watermelon Man", which was often the answer to the fifth and last question.
# Characters.
Murray's parodies of Sydney personalities include:
- Ian Waley (not Jim Waley)
- the Love Muscle (not Richard ("the Love God") Mercer of Mix 1065)
- Alan Jones
- Bob Carr
- Richard Aspen
# Personal life.
Murray is married and | 22,024 |
1804399 | Paul Murray (presenter) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul%20Murray%20(presenter) | Paul Murray (presenter)
the prize was "absolutely nothing" but eventually it became the chance to hear the song "Watermelon Man", which was often the answer to the fifth and last question.
# Characters.
Murray's parodies of Sydney personalities include:
- Ian Waley (not Jim Waley)
- the Love Muscle (not Richard ("the Love God") Mercer of Mix 1065)
- Alan Jones
- Bob Carr
- Richard Aspen
# Personal life.
Murray is married and lives in Sydney. He is a lifelong Wests Tigers supporter and a Holden fan. He is an atheist.
Murray and his wife Sian's 1-day-old son, Leo, died in August 2012 due to complications from a premature birth.
# External links.
- Triple M: Paul & Rach
- A Sydney Morning with Paul Murray | 22,025 |
1804374 | The Hanging Tree | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Hanging%20Tree | The Hanging Tree
The Hanging Tree
The Hanging Tree is a 1959 Technicolor Western film directed by Delmer Daves, based on the novelette, "The Hanging Tree", written by Dorothy M. Johnson in 1957. Karl Malden took over directing duties for several days when Daves fell ill. The film stars Gary Cooper, Maria Schell, George C. Scott and Malden and is set in the gold fields of Montana during the gold rush of the 1860s and '70s. The story follows a doctor who saves a criminal from a lynch mob, then learns of the man's past and tries to manipulate him.
This marked the first film for Scott. He and Malden later teamed for 1970's "Patton", for which Scott won an Academy Award.
# Plot.
Joseph Frail (Gary Cooper)—doctor, | 22,026 |
1804374 | The Hanging Tree | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Hanging%20Tree | The Hanging Tree
gambler, gunslinger—rides into the small town of Skull Creek, Montana, with miners in a gold rush, looking to set up a doctor's office. He passes by the "hanging tree," an old oak with a thick branch over which has been slung a rope with a frayed end, presumably a former noose.
He rescues and treats Rune (Ben Piazza), a young man who was shot by "Frenchy" (Karl Malden) while trying to steal gold from a sluice. Frail forces Rune into temporary servitude with the threat of revealing he is the thief.
A stagecoach is robbed and overturned, killing the driver and a male passenger. A search party is formed, and Frenchy finds the sole survivor, Swiss immigrant Elizabeth Mahler (Maria Schell), daughter | 22,027 |
1804374 | The Hanging Tree | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Hanging%20Tree | The Hanging Tree
of the male passenger.
Crippled by burns, blindness and dehydration, Elizabeth is moved into a house next to the doctor's house to recover. The placement causes much chagrin among the town's righteous women, who believe that Elizabeth may be paying for her medical care through illicit behavior.
Frenchy sneaks in under the guise of trying to strike a business deal with Elizabeth, but instead tries to kiss her. Frail witnesses the aggression and chases Frenchy back to town. Frail beats him up and threatens to kill him. Meanwhile, a faith healer named Dr. Grubb (George C. Scott) sees Frail's medical practice as a threat.
Elizabeth eventually regains her sight and makes romantic overtures toward | 22,028 |
1804374 | The Hanging Tree | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Hanging%20Tree | The Hanging Tree
Frail. He rejects her. She leaves in a huff, determined to strike it rich as a prospector so that she can pay off Frail and get out from under his control.
She teams up with Rune and Frenchy, who plan to buy a claim and set up a sluice. To get money, she pawns a family heirloom necklace. It is worthless, but Frail secretly tells the storekeeper to loan her however much money she needs. Thus Frail secretly continues to control her.
She finds out and asks Frail why he did not respond to her affection. He reveals that his wife had an affair with his own brother. He found them together, both dead, an apparent murder-suicide. In a rage, he burned down his house with their bodies in it. He tells | 22,029 |
1804374 | The Hanging Tree | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Hanging%20Tree | The Hanging Tree
Elizabeth he is "not allowed to forget."
Elizabeth, Frenchy and Rune strike it rich on their claim, finding a "glory hole" of gold under a large tree stump. They ride into town, tossing a few pieces of gold to the townsfolk. Frenchy, overwhelmed by his sudden importance in the town, uses some of the gold to buy whiskey for everyone. The gaiety quickly turns into a riot of the lawless town members led by Dr. Grubb. While the lawful citizens of the town are engaged in fighting fires set by Grubb, Frenchy takes advantage of the commotion to make advances on Elizabeth. Her disinterest sparks a brutal physical assault as he attempts to rape her. Frail again catches Frenchy just in time. A fistfight | 22,030 |
1804374 | The Hanging Tree | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Hanging%20Tree | The Hanging Tree
ensues. Frenchy pulls his pistol and shoots, but misses. Frail kills Frenchy.
Seeing his opportunity to remove his "competition", Grubb incites the mob to lynch Frail. They carry him to the hanging tree, tie his hands, and stand him up in a wagon bed, the rope around his neck. Rune and Elizabeth rush in carrying their gold and the deed to their claim. Elizabeth offers everything to the townsfolk if they will let Frail live. As the mob turns on itself in the struggle to grab the gold and the deed, the lynch party disperses.
Elizabeth now feels she has finally repaid Frail in full. Rune slips the noose off, and Elizabeth turns to walk away. Frail calls out her name. She turns back, and steps | 22,031 |
1804374 | The Hanging Tree | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Hanging%20Tree | The Hanging Tree
to the end of the wagon. He kneels down, cups her chin with both hands, and they touch foreheads, while a ballad plays in the background.
# Cast.
- Gary Cooper as Doc Frail
- Karl Malden as "Frenchy" Plante
- Maria Schell as Elizabeth Mahler
- George C. Scott as Grubb
- Karl Swenson as Tom Flaunce
- Ben Piazza as Rune
- Virginia Gregg as Edna Flaunce
- John Dierkes as Society Red
- King Donovan as Wonder
# Production.
The film was the first one for Cooper's Baroda Productions company. It was also the first film produced by former talent agents Martin Jurow and Richard Shepherd.
Principal photography was shot on location in the Oak Creek Wildlife Area, in the mountains west of Yakima, | 22,032 |
1804374 | The Hanging Tree | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Hanging%20Tree | The Hanging Tree
Washington. The scenes during the opening credits and title, where Gary Cooper rides alongside the river on horseback with a pack horse in tow, were filmed about mid-June in 1958, just northeast of Goose Prairie, Washington, along the north bank of the Bumping River. The fictional small gold mining town of Skull Creek was a temporary film set constructed along the south side of Little Rattlesnake Creek by its confluence with Rattlesnake Creek, just southwest of Nile, Washington.
With the direction of Ted McCord, A.S.C., Directory of Photography for "The Hanging Tree", made use of full-aperture photography and reduction printing to improve the grain quality of the film. This process involves | 22,033 |
1804374 | The Hanging Tree | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Hanging%20Tree | The Hanging Tree
widening the aperture of the camera to capture a larger image, then reducing the image back to standard size in post-production. While this achieves the greatest effect jumping from larger formats like 65mm film, Ted McCord used 35mm film and extended to aperture to the sprocket holes on the film. When shooting a subject from 100 feet, this extended the width of the shot from 42 feet to 48 feet.
# Soundtrack.
Marty Robbins performed the title song that was nominated for best song at the 32nd Annual Academy Awards and the 1960 Golden Laurel Award for Best Song. The lyrics contain a short reference to the film's story. It was also released on the reissue of the album "Gunfighter Ballads and | 22,034 |
1804374 | The Hanging Tree | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Hanging%20Tree | The Hanging Tree
Trail Songs" (1959) by Marty Robbins, who performed this song in the opening credits of this film. A known cover-version is by Frankie Laine who performed this song at the 32nd Academy Awards.
The film's score was composed by Max Steiner.
- "The Hanging Tree"
- Lyrics by Mack David
- Music by Jerry Livingston
- Vocal by Marty Robbins
# Reception.
The film was received well by audiences and critics at its 1959 debut. "Film Bulletin" drew a parallel between the "glory hole" of gold Elizabeth and Rune discover and the profits of the film. The well-rounded casting, beautiful landscapes, and Marty Robbins title song all contributed to the film's success.
# See also.
- List of American films | 22,035 |
1804374 | The Hanging Tree | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Hanging%20Tree | The Hanging Tree
" (1959) by Marty Robbins, who performed this song in the opening credits of this film. A known cover-version is by Frankie Laine who performed this song at the 32nd Academy Awards.
The film's score was composed by Max Steiner.
- "The Hanging Tree"
- Lyrics by Mack David
- Music by Jerry Livingston
- Vocal by Marty Robbins
# Reception.
The film was received well by audiences and critics at its 1959 debut. "Film Bulletin" drew a parallel between the "glory hole" of gold Elizabeth and Rune discover and the profits of the film. The well-rounded casting, beautiful landscapes, and Marty Robbins title song all contributed to the film's success.
# See also.
- List of American films of 1959 | 22,036 |
1804426 | Jana Hybášková | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jana%20Hybášková | Jana Hybášková
Jana Hybášková
Jana Hybášková (born 26 June 1965 in Prague) is a Czech and European politician and diplomat, who currently serves as the Ambassador of the European Union in Namibia. She served as a Member of the European Parliament for the European People's Party from 2004 to 2009 and as the Ambassador of the European Union in Iraq from 2011 to 2015. She has been chairwoman of the European Democratic Party (EDS).
As a Member of the European Parliament, she was a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, a substitute on the Committee on Budgets and chairwoman of the European delegation for relations with Israel. Jana Hybášková is also a member of the Steering Committee of the World Movement | 22,037 |
1804426 | Jana Hybášková | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jana%20Hybášková | Jana Hybášková
for Democracy. She has been critical of the Iranian government and of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, and has advocated closer relations between Israel and Europe.
She graduated in Arabic at Charles University, earning a doctorate in 1989, and worked at the Foreign Ministry of Czechoslovakia and then the Czech Republic from 1991 to 1997. She was Ambassador of the Czech Republic to Slovenia 1997–2001, and then in Qatar and Kuwait (2002–2004).
She is a founding signatory of the Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism, and the co-organizer (with Senator Martin Mejstřík) of its preceding conference. She co-sponsored the European Parliament resolution of 2 April 2009 on European | 22,038 |
1804426 | Jana Hybášková | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jana%20Hybášková | Jana Hybášková
conscience and totalitarianism on behalf of the European People's Party.
# Education.
- 1989: Doctor of Philosophy (Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, Charles University, Prague
# Career.
- 1997–2001: Ambassador of the Czech Republic to Slovenia
- 2001–2002: Adviser to the State Secretary for European Affairs
- 2002–2004: Ambassador of the Czech Republic to Kuwait and Qatar
- 2004–2008: Member of the 'SNK - Evropští demokraté' (European Democrats) political party
- 2008–2010: Chairwoman of the European Democratic Party
- 2011–2015: Ambassador of the European Union in Iraq
- 2015–present: Ambassador of the European Union in Namibia
# Decorations.
- Holder of the decoration 'Záslužný | 22,039 |
1804426 | Jana Hybášková | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jana%20Hybášková | Jana Hybášková
.
- 1997–2001: Ambassador of the Czech Republic to Slovenia
- 2001–2002: Adviser to the State Secretary for European Affairs
- 2002–2004: Ambassador of the Czech Republic to Kuwait and Qatar
- 2004–2008: Member of the 'SNK - Evropští demokraté' (European Democrats) political party
- 2008–2010: Chairwoman of the European Democratic Party
- 2011–2015: Ambassador of the European Union in Iraq
- 2015–present: Ambassador of the European Union in Namibia
# Decorations.
- Holder of the decoration 'Záslužný kříž ministra obrany ČR II stupně' (Cross of Merit of the Minister of Defence of the Czech Republic, Second Class)
# See also.
- 2004 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic | 22,040 |
1804429 | ARIS | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ARIS | ARIS
ARIS
ARIS may refer to:
- Advanced Research Instrumentation Ship, two radar ships (the "H.H. Arnold" and the "H.S. Vandenberg") of the U.S. Air Force which replaced the USAS "American Mariner"
- American Religious Identification Survey
- Anti-Racism Information Service, a non-profit, non-governmental organisation based in Geneva, Switzerland
- Architecture of Integrated Information Systems, an approach to enterprise modeling
- ARIS Express, a free-of-charge modeling tool for business process analysis
# See also.
- Aris (disambiguation) | 22,041 |
1804436 | Oldřich Vlasák | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oldřich%20Vlasák | Oldřich Vlasák
Oldřich Vlasák
Oldřich Vlasák (born 26 November 1955) is a conservative politician who advocates for the interests of self-governing municipalities, cities and regions. He served as Vice-President of the European Parliament between 2012 and 2014.
# Biography.
Vlasák was born in Hradec Králové. He studied at the Czech Technical University in Prague. After graduating he worked in science as a technical professional in the field of the environment. In his following management career he worked for the private sector. He joined the Civic Democratic Party in 1991 and entered local politics in 1994, when he was elected member of the Board of Representatives of the City of Hradec Králové. Between | 22,042 |
1804436 | Oldřich Vlasák | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oldřich%20Vlasák | Oldřich Vlasák
1998 and 2004 he was mayor of the City. In 2001 Vlasák became the President of the Union of Towns and Municipalities of the Czech Republic. He entered European politics in 2000. He was delegated to the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of Europe and represented the Czech Republic as an observer in the Committee of the Regions. After his active work in the Policy Committee of the Council of European Municipalities and Regions (CEMR) he was elected its executive president. Between 2004 and 2014 he was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP). In the European Parliament he acted as coordinator of European Conservatives and Reformists in the Committee for Regional Development and was a | 22,043 |
1804436 | Oldřich Vlasák | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oldřich%20Vlasák | Oldřich Vlasák
vice chairman of the Intergroup Urban. In 2012 he became responsible for STOA in the European Parliament Bureau. His time as an MEP ceased in 2014.
# Publications.
- Evropská unie očima studentů; Evropská unie očima podnikatelů; Evropská unie očima občanů ČR; 15 let ODS ve Východočeském a Královéhradeckém regionu; Budoucnost kohezní politiky; co-author of the books Evropská parlamentní demokracie, Naše obce a města v Evropské unii, Naše města a evropské peníze.
- Publisher of the INFO information bulletin. Publications to accompany exhibitions in the European Parliament: III. odboj v Československu ('The third resistance movement in Czechoslovakia') and 100 let mezinárodního ledního hokeje | 22,044 |
1804436 | Oldřich Vlasák | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oldřich%20Vlasák | Oldřich Vlasák
Evropská unie očima studentů; Evropská unie očima podnikatelů; Evropská unie očima občanů ČR; 15 let ODS ve Východočeském a Královéhradeckém regionu; Budoucnost kohezní politiky; co-author of the books Evropská parlamentní demokracie, Naše obce a města v Evropské unii, Naše města a evropské peníze.
- Publisher of the INFO information bulletin. Publications to accompany exhibitions in the European Parliament: III. odboj v Československu ('The third resistance movement in Czechoslovakia') and 100 let mezinárodního ledního hokeje ('100 years of international ice hockey').
# External links.
- Oldrich Vlasak, Vice President of European Parliament filmneweurope.com, June 13, 2014
- Vlasak Net | 22,045 |
1804416 | Tuscan dialect | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuscan%20dialect | Tuscan dialect
Tuscan dialect
Tuscan ( ; ) is a set of Italo-Dalmatian varieties of Romance mainly spoken in Tuscany, Italy.
Standard Italian is based on Tuscan, specifically on its Florentine dialect, and it became the language of culture throughout Italy due to the prestige of the works by Dante Alighieri, Petrarch, Giovanni Boccaccio, Niccolò Machiavelli, and Francesco Guicciardini. It would later become the official language of all the Italian states and of the Kingdom of Italy when it was formed.
# Subdialects.
In "De vulgari eloquentia", Dante Alighieri distinguishes four main subdialects about 1300: "fiorentino" (Florence), "senese" (Siena), "lucchese" (Lucca) and "aretino" (Arezzo).
Tuscan is a | 22,046 |
1804416 | Tuscan dialect | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuscan%20dialect | Tuscan dialect
dialect complex composed of many local variants, with minor differences among them.
The main subdivisions are between Northern Tuscan dialects, the Southern Tuscan dialects, and Corsican.
The Northern Tuscan dialects are (from east to west):
- Fiorentino, the main dialect of Florence, Chianti and the Mugello region, also spoken in Prato and along the river Arno as far as the city of Fucecchio.
- Pistoiese, spoken in the city of Pistoia and nearest zones (some linguists include this dialect in "Fiorentino").
- Pesciatino or Valdinievolese, spoken in the Valdinievole zone, in the cities of Pescia and Montecatini Terme (some linguists include this dialect in "Lucchese").
- Lucchese, spoken | 22,047 |
1804416 | Tuscan dialect | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuscan%20dialect | Tuscan dialect
in Lucca and nearby hills ("Lucchesia").
- Versiliese, spoken in the historical area of Versilia.
- Viareggino, spoken in Viareggio and vicinity.
- Pisano-Livornese, spoken in Pisa, in Livorno, and the vicinity, and along the coast from Livorno to Cecina.
The Southern Tuscan dialects are (from east to west):
- Aretino-Chianaiolo, spoken in Arezzo and the Valdichiana.
- Senese, spoken in the city and province of Siena.
- Grossetano, spoken in Grosseto and along the southern coast.
- Elbano, spoken on the island of Elba.
Corsican on the island of Corsica and the Corso-Sardinian transitional varieties spoken in northern Sardinia (Gallurese and Sassarese) are classified by scholars as a | 22,048 |
1804416 | Tuscan dialect | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuscan%20dialect | Tuscan dialect
direct offshoot from medieval Tuscan, even though they now constitute a distinct linguistic group.
# Speakers.
Excluding the inhabitants of Province of Massa and Carrara, who speak an Emilian variety of a Gallo-Italic language, around 3,500,000 people speak the Tuscan dialect.
# Dialectal features.
The Tuscan dialect as a whole has certain defining features, with subdialects that are distinguished by minor details.
## Phonetics.
### Tuscan gorgia.
The Tuscan gorgia affects the voiceless stop consonants and . They are often pronounced as fricatives in post-vocalic position when not blocked by the competing phenomenon of syntactic gemination:
- →
### Weakening of G and C.
A phonetic | 22,049 |
1804416 | Tuscan dialect | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuscan%20dialect | Tuscan dialect
phenomenon is the intervocalic weakening of the Italian "soft g", the voiced affricate ("g" as in judge") and "soft c", the voiceless affricate ("ch" as in church"), known as "attenuation", or, more commonly, as deaffrication.
Between vowels, the "voiced post-alveolar affricate" consonant is realized as "voiced post-alveolar fricative" ("z" of azure):
This phenomenon is very evident in daily speech (common also in Umbria and elsewhere in Central Italy): the phrase "la gente", 'the people', in standard Italian is pronounced , but in Tuscan it is .
Similarly, the "voiceless post-alveolar affricate" is pronounced as a "voiceless post-alveolar fricative" between two vowels:
The sequence "la | 22,050 |
1804416 | Tuscan dialect | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuscan%20dialect | Tuscan dialect
cena", 'the dinner', in standard Italian is pronounced , but in Tuscan it is . As a result of this weakening rule, there are a few minimal pairs distinguished only by length of the voiceless fricative (e.g. "lacerò" 'it/he/she ripped' vs. "lascerò" 'I will leave/let').
### Affrication of S.
A less common phonetic phenomenon is the realization of "voiceless s" (voiceless alveolar fricative ) as the voiceless alveolar affricate when preceded by , , or .
For example, "il sole" (the sun), pronounced in standard Italian as , would be in theory pronounced by a Tuscan speaker . However, since assimilation of the final consonant of the article to the following consonant tends to occur in exactly | 22,051 |
1804416 | Tuscan dialect | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuscan%20dialect | Tuscan dialect
such cases (see "Masculine definite articles" below) the actual pronunciation will be usually . Affrication of can more commonly be heard word-internally, as in "falso" (false) → . This is a common phenomenon in Central Italy, but it is not exclusive to that area; for example it also happens in Switzerland (Canton Ticino).
### No dipththongization of.
There are two Tuscan historical outcomes of Latin "ŏ" in stressed open syllables. Passing first through a stage , the vowel then develops as a diphthong . This phenomenon never gained universal acceptance, however, so that while forms with the diphthong came to be accepted as standard Italian (e.g. "fuoco", "buono", "nuovo"), the monophthong | 22,052 |
1804416 | Tuscan dialect | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuscan%20dialect | Tuscan dialect
remains in popular speech ("foco", "bono", "novo").
## Morphology.
### Accusative "te" for "tu".
A characteristic of Tuscan dialect is the use of the accusative pronoun "te" in emphatic clauses of the type "You! What are you doing here?".
- Standard Italian: "tu lo farai, no?" 'You'll do it, won't you?'
- Tuscan: "Te lo farai, no?"
- Standard Italian: "tu, vieni qua!" 'You', come here!'
- Tuscan: "Te, vieni qua!"
### Double dative pronoun.
A morphological phenomenon, cited also by Alessandro Manzoni in his masterpiece ""I promessi sposi"" (The Betrothed), is the doubling of the dative pronoun.
For the use of a personal pronoun as "indirect object" ("to someone, to something"), also | 22,053 |
1804416 | Tuscan dialect | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuscan%20dialect | Tuscan dialect
called "dative case", the standard Italian makes use of a construction "preposition + pronoun" a me (to me), or it makes use of a synthetic pronoun form, mi (to me). The Tuscan dialect makes use of both in the same sentence as a kind of intensification of the dative/indirect object:
- In Standard Italian: "a me piace" or "mi piace" ("I like it"; literally, "it pleases me")
- In Tuscan: "a me mi piace" ("I like it")
This usage is widespread throughout the central regions of Italy, not only in Tuscany, and is often considered redundant and erroneous by language purists.
In some dialects the double accusative pronoun "me mi vedi" (lit: "You see me me") can be heard, but it is considered an | 22,054 |
1804416 | Tuscan dialect | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuscan%20dialect | Tuscan dialect
archaic form.
### Masculine definite articles.
The singular and plural masculine definite articles can both be realized phonetically as in Florentine varieties of Tuscan, but are distinguished by their phonological effect on following consonants. The singular provokes lengthening of the following consonant: 'the dog', whereas the plural permits consonant weakening: 'the dogs'. As in Italian, masc. sing. "lo" occurs before consonants long by nature or not permitting in clusters is normal ("lo zio" 'the uncle', "lo studente" 'the student'), although forms such as "i zio" can be heard in rustic varieties.
### Noi + impersonal "si".
A morpholosyntactic phenomenon found throughout Tuscany is | 22,055 |
1804416 | Tuscan dialect | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuscan%20dialect | Tuscan dialect
the personal use of the particle identical to impersonal si (not to be confused with "passive si" or the "reflexive si"), as the first person plural. It is basically the same as the use of "on" in French.
It's possible to use the construction si + Third person in singular, which can be preceded by the first plural person pronoun noi.
- Standard Italian: "Andiamo a mangiare" (We're going to eat), "Noi andiamo là" (We go there)
- Tuscan: "Si va a mangià" (We're going to eat), "Noi si va là" (We go there)
The phenomenon is found in all verb tenses, including compound tenses. In these tenses, the use of "si" requires a form of essere ("to be") as auxiliary verb. If the verb is one that otherwise | 22,056 |
1804416 | Tuscan dialect | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuscan%20dialect | Tuscan dialect
selects auxiliary avere in compound constructions, the past participle does not agree with the subject in gender and number:
- Italian: "Abbiamo mangiato al ristorante."
- Tuscan: "S'è mangiato al ristorante."
If the verb normally requires "essere", the past participle is marked as plural:
- Italian: "Siamo andati al cinema."
- Tuscan: "S'è andati al cinema."
Usually "si" contracts before è: "si è → s'è".
### Fo (faccio) and vo (vado).
Another morphological phenomenon in the Tuscan dialect is what might appear to be shortening of first singular verb forms in the present tense of fare ("to do", "to make") and andare ("to go").
- Fare: It. "faccio" Tusc. fo (I do, I make)
- Andare: It. | 22,057 |
1804416 | Tuscan dialect | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuscan%20dialect | Tuscan dialect
"vado" Tusc. vo (I go)
These forms have two origins. Natural phonological change alone can account for loss of and reduction of to in the case of * . A case such as Latin: "sapio" Italian so (I know), however, admits no such phonological account: the expected outcome of would be *, with a normal lengthening of the consonant preceding yod.
What seems to have taken place is a realignment of the paradigm in accordance with the statistically minor but highly frequent paradigms of "dare" (give) and "stare" (be, stay). Thus "so, sai, sa, sanno" (all singulars and 3rd personal plural of 'know') come to fit the template of "do, dai, dà, danno" ('give'), "sto, stai, sta, stanno" ('be, stay'), and | 22,058 |
1804416 | Tuscan dialect | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuscan%20dialect | Tuscan dialect
"fo, fai, fa, fanno" ('make, do') follows the same pattern. The form vo, while quite possibly a natural phonological development, seems to have been reinforced by analogy in this case.
### Loss of infinitival "-re".
A phonological phenomenon that might appear to be a morphological one is the loss of the infinitival ending -re of verbs.
- "andàre" → andà
- "pèrdere" → pèrde
- "finìre" → finì
Stress remains on the same vowel that is stressed in the full form, so that the infinitive can come to coincide with various conjugated singulars: "pèrde" 'to lose', "pèrde" 's/he loses'; "finì" 'to finish', "finì" 's/he finished'. This homophony seldom, if ever, causes confusion, as they usually appear | 22,059 |
1804416 | Tuscan dialect | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuscan%20dialect | Tuscan dialect
in distinct syntactic contexts.
While the infinitive without "-re" is universal in some subtypes such as Pisano-Livornese, in the vicinity of Florence alternations are regular, so that the full infinitive (e.g. "vedere" 'to see') appears when followed by a pause, and the clipped form ("vedé") is found when phrase internal. The consonant of enclitics is lengthened if preceded by stressed vowel ("vedèllo" 'to see it', "portàcci" 'to bring us'), but not when the preceding vowel of the infinitive is unstressed ("lèggelo" 'to read it', "pèrdeti" 'to lose you').
A similar process is found in Catalan and its dialects. Final infinitive -r is not pronounced, so "anar" is realised as /ə'na/.
## Lexicon.
The | 22,060 |
1804416 | Tuscan dialect | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuscan%20dialect | Tuscan dialect
biggest differences among dialects is in the lexicon, which also distinguishes the different subdialects.
The Tuscan lexicon is almost entirely shared with standard Italian, but many words may be perceived as obsolete or literary by non-Tuscans. There are a number of strictly regional words and expressions too.
Characteristically Tuscan words:
- accomodare (which means "to arrange" in standard Italian) for "riparare" (to repair)
- babbo (standard form in Italian before the French loanword "papa") for "papà" (dad)
- bove (literary form in standard Italian) for "bue" (ox)
- cacio for "formaggio" (cheese), especially for Pecorino
- calzoni (literary form in standard Italian) for "pantaloni"
- | 22,061 |
1804416 | Tuscan dialect | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuscan%20dialect | Tuscan dialect
camiciola for "canottiera" (undervest)
- cannella (cinnamon in standard Italian) for "rubinetto" (tap).
- capo (literary form in standard Italian) for "testa" (head)
- cencio for "straccio" (rag, tatters) (but also "straccio" is widely used in Tuscany)
- chetarsi (literary form in standard Italian) for "fare silenzio" (to be silent)
- codesto (literary form in standard Italian) is a pronoun which specifically identifies an object far from the speaker, but near the listener (corresponding in meaning to Latin "iste").
- costì or costà is a locative adverb which refers to a place far from the speaker, but near the listener. It relates to "codesto" as "qui/qua" relates to "questo", and "lì/là" | 22,062 |
1804416 | Tuscan dialect | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuscan%20dialect | Tuscan dialect
to "quello"
- desinare (literary form in standard Italian) for "pranzare" (to have lunch)
- diaccio for "ghiacciato", "freddo" (frozen, cold)
- essi for "sii" (imperative tense of 'to be')
- furia (which means "fury" in standard Italian) for "fretta" (hurry)
- golpe for "volpe" (fox)
- garbare for "piacere" (to like) (but also "piacere" is sometimes used in Tuscany)
- gota (literary form in standard Italian) for "guancia" (cheek)
- ire for "andare" (to go) (only some forms as ito (gone))
- lapis for "matita" (pencil) (cfr. Spanish "lápiz")
- popone for "melone" (cantaloupe)
- punto for "per nulla" or "niente affatto" (not at all) in negative sentences (cf. French "ne ... point")
- | 22,063 |
1804416 | Tuscan dialect | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuscan%20dialect | Tuscan dialect
rigovernare for "lavare i piatti" (to do/wash the dishes)
- sciocco (which means "silly" or "stupid" in standard Italian) for "insipido" (insipid)
- sistola for "tubo da giardinaggio" (garden hose)
- sortì for "uscire" (to exit) (cfr. French "sortir")
- sudicio for "spazzatura" (garbage) as a noun and for "sporco" (dirty) as an adjective
- termosifone or radiatore for "calorifero" (radiator)
- tocco for "le 13" (one p.m.), lunch time
# See also.
- Augusto Novelli, Italian playwright known for using the Tuscan dialect for 20th-century Florentine theater
- "The Adventures of Pinocchio", written by Carlo Collodi in Italian but employing frequent Florentinisms
# References.
- Giannelli, | 22,064 |
1804416 | Tuscan dialect | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuscan%20dialect | Tuscan dialect
garden hose)
- sortì for "uscire" (to exit) (cfr. French "sortir")
- sudicio for "spazzatura" (garbage) as a noun and for "sporco" (dirty) as an adjective
- termosifone or radiatore for "calorifero" (radiator)
- tocco for "le 13" (one p.m.), lunch time
# See also.
- Augusto Novelli, Italian playwright known for using the Tuscan dialect for 20th-century Florentine theater
- "The Adventures of Pinocchio", written by Carlo Collodi in Italian but employing frequent Florentinisms
# References.
- Giannelli, Luciano. 2000. "Toscana". Profilo dei dialetti, 9. Pisa: Pacini.
# External links.
- La Lingua Toscana
- Atlante lessicale toscano (ALT) - Dialectometry
- The Linguasphere Register | 22,065 |
1804375 | Khalwati order | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khalwati%20order | Khalwati order
Khalwati order
The Khalwati order (also known as Khalwatiyya, Khalwatiya, or Halveti, as it is known in Turkey) is an Islamic Sufi brotherhood ("tariqa"). Along with the Naqshbandi, Qadiri and Shadhili orders, it is among the most famous Sufi orders. The order takes its name from the Arabic word "khalwa", meaning “method of withdrawal or isolation from the world for mystical purposes.”
The order was founded by Umar al-Khalwati in the city of Herat in medieval Khorasan (now located in western Afghanistan). However, it was Umar's disciple, Yahya Shirvani, who founded the “Khalwati Way.” Yahya Shirvani wrote Wird al-Sattar, a devotional text read by the members of nearly all the branches of Khalwatiyya.
The | 22,066 |
1804375 | Khalwati order | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khalwati%20order | Khalwati order
Khalwati order is known for its strict ritual training of its "dervishes" and its emphasis of individualism. Particularly, the order promoted individual asceticism ("zuhd") and retreat ("khalwa"), differentiating themselves from other orders at the time. The order is associated as one of the source schools of many other Sufi orders.
# History.
## 14th to 17th centuries.
There were two major historical movements of the Khalwati order. The first one started in the late 14th century and ended in the 17th century. The first historical movement marks its origins and spread in vast area, now being part of Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. The second movement began in the late 15th century to the mid-19th | 22,067 |
1804375 | Khalwati order | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khalwati%20order | Khalwati order
century mostly focused in Egypt, considered the reform period of the Khalwati order. The order lost popularity in 1865, but many of its leaders branched off to form different orders to expand Islam throughout Africa. The order resided mostly in large urban areas.
## Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Umar al-Khalwati, the establishment of the Khalwati order, and Sayyeed Yahya Shirvani.
The origins of the Khalwati order are obscure but according to a Khalwati shaykh named Osman Shehu (born 1970 died 2017, was the leader of the Khalwati Karabas order in Junik, Kosovo) Al-Hasan Al-Basri was the founder of the Khalwati order. Many parts are against this fact due to the intern conflitcs that exist in the tariqa | 22,068 |
1804375 | Khalwati order | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khalwati%20order | Khalwati order
on who is the founding fathers. Shaykh Osman continued and added that Khalwa or seclusion is a practice that Al-Hasan Al-Basri mainly lived by and is the fundamental practice in the Khalwati order. Al-Hasan Al-Basri is known as pir of the pirs which by all the 12 tariqa orders have their silsilas from. He also added that Umar al-Khalwati is a shaykh that died in seclusion after being in it for 40 days. He continued to point out that all the other orders have their silsila from Khalwati. Because in order to achieve self-fulfilment a murid or dervish need to practice Khalwa. Then we have the others that attribute Umar al-Khalwati as its founder, or the "first "pir"". However, Umar- Khalwati was | 22,069 |
1804375 | Khalwati order | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khalwati%20order | Khalwati order
considered a mysterious man who did very little to spread the order. Shaykh Yahya Shirvani was considered "the second pir" that was responsible for the spread of the Khalwati order. Yahya Shirvani lived during a time of great political instability in the wake of the Mongol invasion. After the Mongol invasions, Turkish nomads began to gather into urban centers of the Islamic world. All these cities had Sufi "shaykhs" performing miracles for the nomads. Thus, these Turkish nomads were easily converted to mystical Islam when the Sufi "shaykhs" promised them union with Allah. Yahya Shirvani entered Baku at this time of religious fervor and political instability, and he was able to start a movement. | 22,070 |
1804375 | Khalwati order | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khalwati%20order | Khalwati order
Yahya Shirvani was able to gather ten thousand people to his movement. Yahya had many popular, charismatic disciples to spread the order, including Pir Ilyas.
## The period of the Ottoman Sultan Bayazid II and Sheikh Chelebi Khalifa.
The time of greatest popularity for Khalwati order was during the thirty-year reign of “Sufi Bayazid II” (1481–1511) in Ottoman Turkey. During this time, the sultan practiced Sufi rituals, which, without a doubt, brought in many people to the order who wanted to advance their political career. This is the time period where members of the upper class, Ottoman military, and higher ranks of civil services were all involved with the Khalwati order. The Sufi sheikh, | 22,071 |
1804375 | Khalwati order | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khalwati%20order | Khalwati order
Chelebi Khalifa, moved the headquarters of the Khalwati order from Amasya to Istanbul. Here, they rebuilt a former church into a "tekke", or Sufi lodge. The tekke became known as the Koca Mustafa Pasha Mosque. These buildings spread throughout the region as Khalwati's popularity grew. The order spread from its origins in the Middle East to the Balkans (especially in southern Greece, Kosovo and Macedonia, to Egypt, Sudan and almost all corners of the Ottoman Empire.
## The period of Sunbul Efendi.
After Chelebi Khalifa’s death, the power was passed to his son-in-law, Sunbul Efendi. He was considered a very spiritual man that saved the Koca Mustafa Pasha Mosque. According to the miraculous account, | 22,072 |
1804375 | Khalwati order | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khalwati%20order | Khalwati order
the new sultan Selim I, was suspicious of the Khalwati order and wanted to destroy its "tekke". Selim I sent workers to tear down the "tekke", but an angry Sunbul Efendi turned them away. Hearing this, Selim I went down there himself only to see hundreds of silent dervishes gathered around Shaykh Sunbul dressed with his "khirqa". Selim was astonished by Sunbul’s spiritual power and canceled the plans to destroy the "tekke".
The attacks from the ulama, the orthodox religious class, were more serious in the long run. Their hostility were on many Sufi orders, not just the Khalwatiya. Their criticism was a political concern, which suggested that they Khalwatis were disloyal to the Ottoman state, | 22,073 |
1804375 | Khalwati order | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khalwati%20order | Khalwati order
and a doctrinal concern, that the Sufis were thought by the ulama to be too close to folk Islam and too far from the shari'a. The ulama also held a cultural hostility towards them, which made the ulama intolerant of the Sufis.
## The periods of the Wali Sha`ban-i Kastamoni and `Omer el-Fu'ad-i, and the Kadizadeli movement.
The order began to transform itself over the course of the 16th and 17th centuries as it became more embedded in Ottoman social and religious life. A good example of this is the branch of the order founded by Sha`ban-i Veli (d. 1569) in Kastamonu. Whereas Sha`ban was a retiring ascetic who kept a low profile in the 16th century, by the 17th century his spiritual follower | 22,074 |
1804375 | Khalwati order | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khalwati%20order | Khalwati order
`Omer el-Fu'adi (d. 1636) wrote multiple books and treatises that sought to cement the order's doctrines and practices, in addition to combatting a growing anti-Sufi feeling that later took shape in the form of the Kadizadeli movement. Also during this period, the order sought to reassert its Sunni identity, by disassociating itself with the Shi’i enemy. With the reign of Sulayman the Magnificent and Selim II the order entered a revival. They had links with many high-ranking officials in the Ottoman administration and received substantial donations in cash and property, which helped to recruit more members.
## The influences of Niyazi al-Misri.
By this time, members of the Khalwati order broke | 22,075 |
1804375 | Khalwati order | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khalwati%20order | Khalwati order
ties with the common people, who they previously aligned themselves so closely. They attempted to rid the order of folk Islam to a more orthodox order. The Khalwati was very conscious of their public image and wanted the order to become more of an exclusive membership for the upper class. From here, the Khalwati order broke off into many suborders. In 1650s rose one of the most famous Anatolian Khalwati shaykhs, Niyazi al-Misri. Niyazi was famous for his poetry, his spiritual powers, and public opposition to the government. He was a leader that represented the old Khalwati order, one for the masses. Niyazi gave the common people and their spiritual aspirations a voice again in the Khalwati order. | 22,076 |
1804375 | Khalwati order | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khalwati%20order | Khalwati order
Niyazi's poetry demonstrates some of the Khalwati's aspects of retreat. He writes in one of his poems:
### Khalwati reform.
Most scholars believe that the Khalwati went through a revival during the 18th century when Mustafa ibn Kamal ad-Din al-Bakri (1688-1748) was in charge. Al-Bakri was considered a great shaykh who wrote many books, invented Sufi techniques, and was very charismatic. He travelled throughout Jerusalem, Aleppo, Istanbul, Baghdad, and Basra. Before he died he wrote 220 books, mostly about "adab". It is said that he saw the prophet nineteen times and al-Khidr three times. In many cities, people would mob al-Bakri to receive his blessing. After al-Bakri died, Khalwati dome | 22,077 |
1804375 | Khalwati order | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khalwati%20order | Khalwati order
scholars believe that al-Bakri set “a great Sufi renaissance in motion.” He was considered the reformer who renewed the Khalwati order in the Egypt. The Khalwati order still remains strong in Egypt where the Sufi orders do receive a degree of support from the government. The Khalwati order also remains strong in the Sudan.
However, not all scholars agree with al-Bakri’s influence. Frederick de Jong argues in his collected studies that al Bakri’s influence was limited. He argues that many scholars speak of his influence, but without much detail about what he actually did. Jong argues that al-Bakri’s influence was limited to adding a prayer litany to the Khalwati rituals. He made his disciples | 22,078 |
1804375 | Khalwati order | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khalwati%20order | Khalwati order
read this litany before sunrise and called it the Wird al-sahar. Al-Bakri wrote this prayer litany himself and thought it necessary to add it to the practices of the Khalwati order. Jong argues al-Bakri should not be attributed with the revival of the Sufi order for his limited effect.
# 19th-century political influence.
Members of the Khwalti order were involved in political movements by playing a huge role in the Urabi insurrection in Egypt. The order helped others oppose British occupation in Egypt. The Khalwati groups in Upper Egypt protested British occupation due to high taxes and unpaid labor, which, in addition to drought, made living very hard in the 1870s. Their protests blended | 22,079 |
1804375 | Khalwati order | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khalwati%20order | Khalwati order
with the large stream nationalist protests that lead up to the Urabi insurrection. It can be said that the Khalwati’s fight to improve living conditions eventually lead to the larger nationalist protests.
# 20th century to modern day.
The situation varies from region to region. In 1945, the government in Albania recognized the principal tariqas as independent religious communities, but this came to an end after the Albanian Cultural Revolution in 1967. In 1939 there were twenty-five Khalwatiyya tekkes in Albania, Macedonia and Kosovo. In 1925 the orders were abolished in Turkey and all tekkes and zawiyas were closed and their possessions confiscated by the government, and there is no data | 22,080 |
1804375 | Khalwati order | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khalwati%20order | Khalwati order
available on the status of the Khalwatiyya. In Egypt there are still many active branches of the Khalwatiyya.
Modernity has affected the orders to have quite different forms in different environments. They vary depending on the locality, personality of the shaykh and the needs of the community. There may also be different prayer practices, patterns of association, and the nature of relations linking the disciples to the shaykh and to each other.
# Khalwati tekkes.
The Khalwati order had many tekkes in Istanbul, the most famous being the Jerrahi, Ussaki, Sunbuli, Ramazani and Nasuhi. Although the Sufi orders are now abolished in the Republic of Turkey, the above are almost all now mosques | 22,081 |
1804375 | Khalwati order | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khalwati%20order | Khalwati order
and/or places of visitation by Muslims for prayer.
## Active branches in the Ottoman era.
- Pîr İlyas Amâsî branch
- Seyyid Yâhyâ-yı Şirvânî branch
- "Molla Hâbib Karamanî sub-branch"
- "Cemâli’îyye sub-branch" "(Followers of Çelebi Hâlife Cemâl-i Halvetî)"
- Sünbül’îyye
- Assâl’îyye
- Bahş’îyye
- Şâbân’îyye
- Karabaş’îyye
- Bekr’îyye
- Kemal’îyye
- Hufn’îyye
- Tecân’îyye
- Dırdîr’îyye
- Sâv’îyye
- Semmân’îyye
- Feyz’îyye
- Nasûh’îyye
- Çerkeş’îyye
- İbrahim’îyye/Kuşadav’îyye
- Halîl’îyye
- "Ahmed’îyye sub-branch" "(Followers of Yiğitbaşı Ahmed Şemseddîn bin Îsâ Marmarâvî)"
- Ramazan’îyye
- Buhûr’îyye
- Cerrah’îyye
- Raûf’îyye
- Cihângir’îyye
- Sinan’îyye
- Muslih’îyye
- | 22,082 |
1804375 | Khalwati order | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khalwati%20order | Khalwati order
Zeherr’îyye
- Hayât’îyye
- Uşşâk’îyye
- Câhid’îyye
- Selâh’îyye
- Niyâz’îyye/Mısr’îyye
- Beyûm’îyye
- "Rûşen’îyye sub-branch" "(Followers of Dede Ömer-i Rûşenî)"
- Gülşen’îyye
- Sezâ’îyye
- Hâlet’îyye
- Demirtâş’îyye
- "Şems’îyye sub-branch" "(Followers of Şemseddîn Ahmed Sivâsî)"
# Khalwati practices.
The hallmark of the Khalwatiyya tariqa, way, and its numerous subdivisions is its periodic retreat (khalwa) that is required of every novice. These can last between three days to forty days. The khalwa for some offshoots of the Khalwatiyya is essential in preparing the pupil, murid. The collective dhikr follows similar rules throughout the different branches of the Khalwatiyya order. | 22,083 |
1804375 | Khalwati order | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khalwati%20order | Khalwati order
The practice of dhikr is described as repetitive prayer. The practitioner is to be repeating Allah's name and remembering Allah. The dervish is to be attentive to Allah in their repetitive prayer. They are to be completely focused on Allah, so much so that an early Sufi master says "True dhikr is that you forget your dhikr." Another practice that distinguishes the Khalwatiyya from other tariqas is that for them it is through participation in the communal rites and rituals that one reaches a more advanced stage of awareness, one that the theorists of the order described as a face-to-face encounter with Allah.
# Khalwati sub-orders.
- Khalwatiyya Sammaniyya
- Gulshani
- Jelveti
- Jerrahi
- | 22,084 |
1804375 | Khalwati order | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khalwati%20order | Khalwati order
Nur Ashki Jerrahi
- Karabashi
- Nasuhi
- Rahmani
- Sha`bani
- Sunbuli
- Ussaki
# See also.
- Raag Khalawati
# References.
- Clayer, Nathalie, Muslim Brotherhood Networks, European History Online, Mainz: Institute of European History, 2011, retrieved: May 23, 2011.
# External links.
- Home page of the Halveti-Ramazani order
- Home page of the Halveti-Ussaki order (English/Turkish)
- Sub-order page of the Halveti-Ussaki order (Turkish)
- Home page of the Halveti-Jerrahi order
- Home page of the Halveti-Shabani order
- Home page of the Halveti-Sivasi order
- Halveti branches
- Home page of the Halveti-Ramazani order
- The Unveiling of Love Sufism and the Remembrance of God By | 22,085 |
1804375 | Khalwati order | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khalwati%20order | Khalwati order
h)
- Sub-order page of the Halveti-Ussaki order (Turkish)
- Home page of the Halveti-Jerrahi order
- Home page of the Halveti-Shabani order
- Home page of the Halveti-Sivasi order
- Halveti branches
- Home page of the Halveti-Ramazani order
- The Unveiling of Love Sufism and the Remembrance of God By Sheikh Muzaffer Ozak
- IRSHAD Wisdom of a Sufi Master By Sheikh Muzaffer Ozak Al-Jerrahi
- Garden of Paradise – Sufi Ceremony of Remembrance – Music CD Sheikh Muzzafer Ozak and the Halveti-Jerrahi Order of Dervishes
- Lifting the Boundaries: Muzaffer Efendi and the Transmission of Sufism to the West by Gregory Blann
- A link to numerous articles on Sufism including the Khalwati order. | 22,086 |
1804420 | Gedeon Richter (company) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gedeon%20Richter%20(company) | Gedeon Richter (company)
Gedeon Richter (company)
Gedeon Richter Plc. is a Hungarian multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology company headquartered in Budapest, Hungary. It is one of the largest companies of the industry in the Central and Eastern European region and has operations in over 40 countries.
The company sells products for gynecology, the central nervous system, and cardiology areas among other therapeutic areas. The company was established in Budapest by Gedeon Richter, a pharmacist, in 1901. The establishment of his firm marked the beginning of the development of the Hungarian pharmaceutical industry.
Gedeon Richter plc has a primary listing on the Budapest Stock Exchange and is a constituent of | 22,087 |
1804420 | Gedeon Richter (company) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gedeon%20Richter%20(company) | Gedeon Richter (company)
the BUX Index. It had a market capitalisation of approximately $6,6 billion as of 2018, the third largest of companies with a primary listing on the Budapest Stock Exchange. It has secondary listings on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange.
# History.
## Early history.
In 1901, the pharmacist Gedeon Richter founded the company, when he first received a license to industrially produce medicines.
Initially, small-scale pharmaceutical production took place in the Arany Sas (Golden Eagle) Pharmacy, which still operates today. At the time pharmaceutical production on an industrial scale required heavy investments, and large-scale pharmaceutical manufacturing activities were considered to be extremely | 22,088 |
1804420 | Gedeon Richter (company) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gedeon%20Richter%20(company) | Gedeon Richter (company)
capital-intensive operations. Initially, the laboratory processed extracts from organs of animals and produced organotherapeutic drugs.
The plant was built in 1907 in the Kőbánya suburb of Budapest and was Hungary´s first pharmaceutical manufacturing plant and regarded as an outstanding technological achievement in its day. In compliance with the established international trends of the pharmaceutical industry in those days, the company produced herbal drugs, processed extracts from plants and manufactured synthetic products at a later date. The company became a highly recognized manufacturer of lecithin products, antiseptic and febrifuge products, as well as painkillers (Hyperol, Kalmopyrin, | 22,089 |
1804420 | Gedeon Richter (company) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gedeon%20Richter%20(company) | Gedeon Richter (company)
and Tonogen, which continue to be in use). In 1934, Constant Janssen, of the future Janssen Pharmaceuticals, acquired the distribution rights for Gedeon Richter's products.
In the 1970s, chemists at the Gedeon Richter Chemical Works in Budapest discovered the brain enhancing drug Vinpocetine.
In 1995 Gedeon Richter signed a manufacturing contract with Danco for marketing an abortion pill in France. In 1997 the company made the decision to breach of contract by pulling out the production on U.S. market. Thus, on May 9, 1997 the New Yorker Supreme Court accused the company by Danco Laboratories Ltd., because they lost over $200 million by the abortion pill project.
## Recent history.
In May | 22,090 |
1804420 | Gedeon Richter (company) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gedeon%20Richter%20(company) | Gedeon Richter (company)
2006 Gedeon Richter signed a development and supply agreement with the US-based company Repros Therapeutics to produce Proellex. In July 2007 Gedeon Richter signed a contract with Barr Pharma for the production of Novartis Lamisil. Barr paid Gedeon Richter a royalty for distributing the product in the U.S.
From July 2008 - April 2012, the company constructed a new manufacturing facility ($110 million) in Debrecen.
In October 2010, Gedeon Richter acquired 100% of a private Swiss biopharmaceutical company, PregLem, for CHF 445 million (€337 million). PregLem is focused on the treatment of gynecological conditions and infertility.
In 2015, Stada Arzneimittel AG and Gedeon Richter signed a license | 22,091 |
1804420 | Gedeon Richter (company) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gedeon%20Richter%20(company) | Gedeon Richter (company)
and distribution agreement to commercialize Richter’s biosimilar Pegfilgrastim in Europe. According to the agreement Stada receives non-exclusive distribution rights for the area of geographical Europe (excluding Russia), while Richter retains its rights to distribute and market biosimilar Pegfilgrastim worldwide.
In January 2017, William de Gelsey resigned as Chairman of the board of Gedeon Richter. He was replaced by former CEO Erik Bogsch, who served as a Chief Executive Officer of Gedeon Richter from 1992 to November 2017. As the new Chief Executive Officer he appointed Gabor Orban, a former fund manager, government official and Bogsch’s deputy since 2016. De Gelsey remains to be a member | 22,092 |
1804420 | Gedeon Richter (company) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gedeon%20Richter%20(company) | Gedeon Richter (company)
of the board.
In April 2017, Evestra signed a collaboration partnership agreement with Gedeon Richter. In February 2019, Gedeon Richter and Pantarhei Bioscience signed a license and supply agreement for the commercialization of a novel combined oral contraceptive.
In September 2018 the company started collaborating with the company Mithra Pharmaceuticals to distribut its contraceptive, Estelle, in Europe and Russia.
# Corporate affairs.
## Organizational structure.
Gedeon Richter has various subsidiaries in different countries: Gedeon Richter Polska, Gedeon Richter Romania and Gedeon Richter RUS are regional production subsidiaries. Richter-Themis Medicare (India) (51% Gedeon Richter, 49% | 22,093 |
1804420 | Gedeon Richter (company) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gedeon%20Richter%20(company) | Gedeon Richter (company)
Themis), Richter-Helm BioLogics and BioTec (Germany), Mediplus N.V. (Curaçao), Gedeon Richter Mexico, S.A.P.I. de C.V., Gedeon Richter Do Brasil Importadora, Exportadora E Distribuidora S.A. and Gedeon Richter Columbia S.A.S. are international subsidiaries in production and distribution.
## Leadership structure.
The company's chief governing body is the Board of Directors. The board's Chairman is Erik Bogsch, who had served as Chief Executive Officer since 1992 and was succeeded by Gábor Orbán as CEO in November 2017. The board members are Gábor Gulácsi, János Csák, Dr. Ilona Hardy, Dr. György Bagdy, Csaba Lantos, Anett Pandurics, Bálint Szécsényi, Prof Dr Szilveszter E. Vizi, Dr.Kriszta Zolnay.
The | 22,094 |
1804420 | Gedeon Richter (company) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gedeon%20Richter%20(company) | Gedeon Richter (company)
company's other governing bodies are the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board.
The executive board is led by Erik Bogsch. Other members are Gábor Orbán, Gábor Gulácsi, István Greiner, Tibor Horváth, György Thaler.
The supervisory board is led by Róbert Jonathán Bedros. Other members are Attila Chikán, Klára Csikós Kovácsné, Zsolt Harmath, and Éva Kozsda Kovácsné.
## Shareholder structure.
As of December 31, 2018, Gedeon Richter’s shareholder structure is:
- 66% - International investors
- 25% - Hungarian State (Hungarian State Holding Company, MNV Zrt.)
- 9% - Domestic investors
In 2018 the dividends approved by the shareholders of Gedeon Richter were EUR 41 million in total.
# | 22,095 |
1804420 | Gedeon Richter (company) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gedeon%20Richter%20(company) | Gedeon Richter (company)
Operations.
The corporation has two plants today: the headquarters in Budapest, and a subsidiary in Dorog which has been operating since 1967.
The company has joint ventures in India with Themis Medicare, and in Germany, with Helm AG.2012. Biotechnology plant in Debrecen.
# Awards.
In 2017, Gedeon Richter was recognized by the Hungarian Innovation Foundation with the Innovation Grand Prize for the development of Cariprazine, an antipsychotic drug which is used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorders.
## IUPAC-Richter Prize.
In 2006, Gedeon Richter gifted a large sum to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), thereby establishing the IUPAC–Richter | 22,096 |
1804420 | Gedeon Richter (company) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gedeon%20Richter%20(company) | Gedeon Richter (company)
Prize.
In 2006, Gedeon Richter gifted a large sum to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), thereby establishing the IUPAC–Richter Prize in Medicinal Chemistry. The $10,000 prize is awarded every second year to an internationally recognized scientist (normally a medicinal chemist), whose research or publications have made a significant contribution to the practice of medicinal chemistry. The prize was initiated to honor and highlight the central role of medicinal chemistry in improving human health.
# See also.
- Economy of Budapest
- Economy of Hungary
- Science and technology in Hungary
# External links.
- Company headquarters' location in Budapest, Hungary: | 22,097 |
1804421 | Belleek, County Fermanagh | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belleek,%20County%20Fermanagh | Belleek, County Fermanagh
Belleek, County Fermanagh
Belleek () is a village and civil parish in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. While the greater part of the village lies within County Fermanagh, part of it crosses the border and the River Erne into County Donegal. It lies in the historic barony of Lurg. It had a population of 904 people in the 2011 Census, and is situated within Fermanagh and Omagh district.
Belleek is a busy market town with a variety of pubs, shops, restaurants and a hotel. It is noted for the fine parian china produced there at the Belleek Pottery, the oldest pottery in Ireland. The china is valued by collectors from all over the world. It is also a noted location for angling and other recreational | 22,098 |
1804421 | Belleek, County Fermanagh | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belleek,%20County%20Fermanagh | Belleek, County Fermanagh
activities and is now linked to the River Shannon by canal.
The highest temperature in Northern Ireland recorded by the Met Office, , occurred at Knockarevan (near Belleek) in County Fermanagh on 30 June 1976.
The village is the most westerly settlement in Northern Ireland and thus the most westerly settlement in the United Kingdom. The majority
of the pottery is still produced in Belleek today using the same procedures of over 160 years.
# History.
There is evidence of Neolithic settlers in the area, and later legend has it that Fionn mac Cumhail's men sharpened their swords on the big limestone rock at Belleek Falls. (The flagstone, which gave its name to the area, was destroyed together | 22,099 |
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