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1804421 | Belleek, County Fermanagh | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belleek,%20County%20Fermanagh | Belleek, County Fermanagh
with the falls during drainage works in the 1880s).
A castle was built at "Caol Uisce" near Belleek at the entrance to Lower Lough Erne by Gilbert Costello in 1212. Belleek town in its present layout was founded on the Blennerhassett estate during the Plantation of Ulster in the early 17th century.
The establishment of the pottery in 1857 saw the start of growth and the town developed further with the founding of a cooperative creamery in 1899, a police station, a courthouse, post office and dispensary.
## The Troubles.
Located on the border, there were a number of incidents in Belleek during the Troubles – which resulted in eight fatalities between 1972 and 1992.
# Places of interest.
The | 22,100 |
1804421 | Belleek, County Fermanagh | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belleek,%20County%20Fermanagh | Belleek, County Fermanagh
renowned Belleek Pottery in the centre of the village is currently owned by US-based Dundalk man, George Moore. It was founded in 1857 by John Caldwell Bloomfield, who declared that any piece with the slightest flaw would be destroyed and this is still the case today. The first examples of this fine Parian china were made using kaolin and feldspar deposits found in the lands surrounding Castle Caldwell. With the establishment of the pottery, new houses were built for workers in Rathmore Terrace and in Hawthorn Terrace. There is a visitor's centre at the pottery.
A stained glass window featuring a potter's hands is located above the altar in St. Patrick's Roman Catholic church. This was built | 22,101 |
1804421 | Belleek, County Fermanagh | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belleek,%20County%20Fermanagh | Belleek, County Fermanagh
in 1903 at a cost of £2000. Three stained glass windows were also unveiled in Belleek Church of Ireland in May 2009 to commemorate the founders of Belleek Pottery, John Caldwell Bloomfield, the local landowner, Robert Williams Armstrong, architect, ceramics expert and first manager of Belleek Pottery and David McBirney, Dublin who provided the finance for the project. All were members of the Church of Ireland.
Castle Caldwell Forest Walk lies four miles outside Belleek at the western end of Lower Lough Erne. Castle Caldwell was originally built in 1612. Lower Lough Erne is home to various protected wildlife, including inland Sandwich tern, curlew, lapwing, redshank, and snipe colonies. The | 22,102 |
1804421 | Belleek, County Fermanagh | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belleek,%20County%20Fermanagh | Belleek, County Fermanagh
Royal Society for the Protection of Birds keeps up-to-date records as to colony numbers and well being.
# Transport.
Bus Éireann offers routes to Enniskillen and then to major cities and towns in the Republic of Ireland including Cavan and Dublin. Many bus services meet and hopefully connect with each other's timetables in nearby Ballyshannon in County Donegal, where onward connections can be made. Ulsterbus provide limited connections on the longer route via Belcoo to Enniskillen.
The Enniskillen and Bundoran Railway served Belleek railway station from 1868 until 1957.
The nearest railway station to Belleek is Sligo railway station which is served by trains to Dublin Connolly and is operated | 22,103 |
1804421 | Belleek, County Fermanagh | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belleek,%20County%20Fermanagh | Belleek, County Fermanagh
by Iarnród Éireann.
# Economy.
Belleek Pottery Ltd has long been a major employer in the region, with its visitor centre attracting 150,000 guests per annum. Fermanagh District Council reports that 70% of Belleek Pottery's product is manufactured for export. Belleek also hosts a street mart every third Tuesday of the month, where local crafts and goods can be bought and sold.
# Demographics.
Belleek is classified as a small village or hamlet by the NI Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) (i.e. with a population between 500 and 1,000 people). On the day of the 2001 census (29 April 2001) there were 836 people living in Belleek. Of these:
- 26.4% were aged under 16 and 22.1% were aged 60 | 22,104 |
1804421 | Belleek, County Fermanagh | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belleek,%20County%20Fermanagh | Belleek, County Fermanagh
and over
- 46.8% of the population were male and 53.2% were female
- 87.8% were from a Catholic background and 11.6% were from a Protestant background
- 4.5% of people aged 16–74 were unemployed.
# Sport.
The local Gaelic Athletic Association club is called Erne Gaels ("Gaeil na hÉirne")
# Notable residents.
- Dr Edward Daly (1933–2016), Roman Catholic Bishop of Derry from 1974 to 1993, was born in Belleek.
- Tom Daly, SDLP politician, was born in Bellek
- Samuel B. Horne (1843-1928), a Medal of Honor recipient in the American Civil War, was born in Belleek on 3 March 1843.
# Civil parish of Belleek.
The civil parish contains the village of Belleek.
## Townlands.
The civil parish | 22,105 |
1804421 | Belleek, County Fermanagh | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belleek,%20County%20Fermanagh | Belleek, County Fermanagh
contains the following townlands:
- Ballaghgee Glebe
- Ballymagaghran
- Bellanadohy
- Buck Island
- Carrowkeel Glebe
- Commons
- Derrychulloo
- Derrynacrannog Glebe
- Derryrona Glebe
- Druminillar
- Dulrush
- Eagle Island
- Ferny Island
- Finner
- Gadalough Glebe
- Garvary
- Graffy
- Keenaghan
- Larkhill
- Leggs
- Lowerybane
- Magheramenagh
- Mallybreen
- Meenatully
- Oughterdrum
- Rathmore
- Rossbeg
- Rossharbour
- Rossmore
- Rough Island
- Scardans Lower
- Scardans Upper
- Tawnaghgorm
- Tawnynoran Glebe
- Tievealough Glebe
- Tiragannon Glebe
- Tullychurry
- Tullyfad
- Tullylough
- Tullynabohoge
- Tullyvogy
# See also.
- List of towns and villages | 22,106 |
1804421 | Belleek, County Fermanagh | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belleek,%20County%20Fermanagh | Belleek, County Fermanagh
rowkeel Glebe
- Commons
- Derrychulloo
- Derrynacrannog Glebe
- Derryrona Glebe
- Druminillar
- Dulrush
- Eagle Island
- Ferny Island
- Finner
- Gadalough Glebe
- Garvary
- Graffy
- Keenaghan
- Larkhill
- Leggs
- Lowerybane
- Magheramenagh
- Mallybreen
- Meenatully
- Oughterdrum
- Rathmore
- Rossbeg
- Rossharbour
- Rossmore
- Rough Island
- Scardans Lower
- Scardans Upper
- Tawnaghgorm
- Tawnynoran Glebe
- Tievealough Glebe
- Tiragannon Glebe
- Tullychurry
- Tullyfad
- Tullylough
- Tullynabohoge
- Tullyvogy
# See also.
- List of towns and villages in Northern Ireland
- List of civil parishes of County Fermanagh
# References.
- Culture Northern Ireland | 22,107 |
269771 | Census-designated place | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Census-designated%20place | Census-designated place
Census-designated place
A census-designated place (CDP) is a concentration of population defined by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes only. CDPs have been used in each decennial census since 1980 as the counterparts of incorporated places, such as self-governing cities, towns, and villages, for the purposes of gathering and correlating statistical data. CDPs are populated areas that generally include one officially designated but currently unincorporated small community, for which the CDP is named, plus surrounding inhabited countryside of varying dimensions and, occasionally, other, smaller unincorporated communities as well. CDPs include small rural communities, colonias | 22,108 |
269771 | Census-designated place | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Census-designated%20place | Census-designated place
located along the U.S. border with Mexico, and unincorporated resort and retirement communities and their environs.
The boundaries of a CDP have no legal status. Thus, they may not always correspond with the local understanding of the area or community with the same name. However, criteria established for the 2010 Census require that a CDP name "be one that is recognized and used in daily communication by the residents of the community" (not "a name developed solely for planning or other purposes") and recommend that a CDP's boundaries be mapped based on the geographic extent associated with inhabitants' regular use of the named place.
The Census Bureau states that census-designated places | 22,109 |
269771 | Census-designated place | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Census-designated%20place | Census-designated place
are not considered incorporated places and that it includes only census-designated places in its city population list for Hawaii because that state has no incorporated cities. In addition, census city lists from 2007 included Arlington County, Virginia's CDP in the list with the incorporated places, but since 2010, only the Urban Honolulu CDP, Hawaii representing the historic core of Honolulu, Hawaii, is shown in the city and town estimates.
# History.
The Census Bureau reported data for some unincorporated places as early as the first census, the 1790 Census (for example, Louisville, Kentucky, which was not legally incorporated in Kentucky until 1828), though usage continued to develop through | 22,110 |
269771 | Census-designated place | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Census-designated%20place | Census-designated place
the 1890 Census, in which, the Census mixed unincorporated places with incorporated places in its products with "town" or "village" as its label. This made it confusing to determine which of the "towns" were or were not incorporated.
The 1900 through 1930 Censuses did not report data for unincorporated places.
For the 1940 Census, the Census Bureau compiled a separate report of unofficial, unincorporated communities of 500 or more people. The Census Bureau officially defined this category as "unincorporated places" in the 1950 Census and used that term through the 1970 Census. For the 1950 Census, these types of places were identified only outside "urbanized areas". In 1960, the Census Bureau | 22,111 |
269771 | Census-designated place | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Census-designated%20place | Census-designated place
also identified unincorporated places inside urbanized areas (except in New England), but with a population of at least 10,000. For the 1970 Census, the population threshold for "unincorporated places" in urbanized areas was reduced to 5,000.
For the 1980 Census, the designation was changed to "census designated places" and the designation was made available for places inside urbanized areas in New England. For the 1990 Census, the population threshold for CDPs in urbanized areas was reduced to 2,500. From 1950 through 1990, the Census Bureau specified other population requirements for unincorporated places or CDPs in Alaska, Puerto Rico, island areas, and Native American reservations. Minimum | 22,112 |
269771 | Census-designated place | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Census-designated%20place | Census-designated place
population criteria for CDPs were dropped with the 2000 Census.
The Census Bureau's Participant Statistical Areas Program (PSAP) allows designated participants to review and suggest modifications to the boundaries for CDPs. The PSAP was to be offered to county and municipal planning agencies during 2008.
# Effects of designation and examples.
The boundaries of such places may be defined in cooperation with local or tribal officials, but are not fixed, and do not affect the status of local government or incorporation; the territories thus defined are strictly statistical entities. CDP boundaries may change from one census to the next to reflect changes in settlement patterns. Further, as statistical | 22,113 |
269771 | Census-designated place | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Census-designated%20place | Census-designated place
entities, the boundaries of the CDP may not correspond with local understanding of the area with the same name. Recognized communities may be divided into two or more CDPs while on the other hand, two or more communities may be combined into one CDP. A CDP may also cover the unincorporated part of a named community where the rest lies within an incorporated place.
By defining an area as a CDP, that locality then appears in the same category of census data as incorporated places. This distinguishes CDPs from other census classifications, such as minor civil divisions (MCDs), which are in a separate category.
The population and demographics of the CDP are included in the data of county subdivisions | 22,114 |
269771 | Census-designated place | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Census-designated%20place | Census-designated place
containing the CDP. Generally, a CDP shall not be defined within the boundaries of what the Census Bureau regards to be an incorporated city, village or borough. However, the Census Bureau considers some towns in New England states, New Jersey and New York as well as townships in some other states as MCDs, even though they are incorporated municipalities in those states. In such states, CDPs may be defined within such towns or spanning the boundaries of multiple towns.
# Purpose of designation.
There are a number of reasons for the CDP designation:
- The area may be more urban than its surroundings, having a concentration of population with a definite residential nucleus, such as Whitmore | 22,115 |
269771 | Census-designated place | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Census-designated%20place | Census-designated place
Lake, Michigan; Hershey, Pennsylvania; and The Villages, Florida (the latter CDP covering only a portion of the overall community).
- A formerly incorporated place may disincorporate or be partly annexed by a neighboring town, but the former town or a part of it may still be reported by the census as a CDP by meeting criteria for a CDP. Examples are the former village of Covedale (village in Ohio), compared with Covedale (CDP), Ohio or the recently disincorporated village of Seneca Falls (CDP), New York.
- The area may contain an easily recognizable institution, usually occupying a large land area, with an identity distinct from the surrounding community. This could apply to some college campuses | 22,116 |
269771 | Census-designated place | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Census-designated%20place | Census-designated place
& large military bases (or parts of a military base) that are not within the limits of any existing community, such as Notre Dame, Indiana, Stanford, California (which houses the Stanford University campus), Fort Campbell North, Kentucky and Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri.
- In other cases, the boundary of an incorporated place may bisect a recognized community. An example of this is Bostonia, California, which straddles the city limits of El Cajon. The USGS places the nucleus of Bostonia within El Cajon. The Bostonia CDP covers the greater El Cajon area in unincorporated San Diego County that is generally north of that part of Bostonia within El Cajon.
- In some states, a CDP may be defined | 22,117 |
269771 | Census-designated place | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Census-designated%20place | Census-designated place
within an incorporated municipality that (for the purposes of the census) is regarded as a minor civil division. For example, all towns in New England are incorporated municipalities, but may also include both rural and urban areas. CDPs may be defined to describe urbanized areas within such municipalities, as in the case of North Amherst, Massachusetts.
- Hawaii is the only state that has no incorporated places recognized by the U.S. Census Bureau below the county level. All data for places in Hawaii reported by the census are CDPs.
- Few CDPs represent an aggregation of several nearby communities, for example Shorewood-Tower Hills-Harbert, Michigan or Egypt Lake-Leto, Florida. However, the | 22,118 |
269771 | Census-designated place | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Census-designated%20place | Census-designated place
Census Bureau has discontinued this method for most CDPs during the 2010 Census.
- In rare cases, a CDP was also defined for the urbanized area surrounding an incorporated municipality, but which is outside the municipal boundaries, for example, Greater Galesburg, Michigan, or Greater Upper Marlboro, Maryland. This practice was discontinued in 2010.
- In some states, the Census Bureau would designate an entire minor civil division (MCD) as a CDP (for example West Bloomfield Township, Michigan or Reading, Massachusetts). Such designations were used in states where the MCDs function with strong governmental authority and provide services equivalent to an incorporated municipality (New England, | 22,119 |
269771 | Census-designated place | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Census-designated%20place | Census-designated place
the Middle Atlantic States, Michigan, and Wisconsin). MCDs appear in a separate category in census data from places (i.e., incorporated places and CDPs); however, such MCDs strongly resemble incorporated places, and so CDPs coterminous with the MCDs were defined so that such places appear in both categories of census data. This practice was also discontinued in most states in 2010.
# See also.
- Census county division
- Designated place, a counterpart in the Canadian census
- Incorporated place
- Populated place, used by the United States Board on Geographic Names
- ZIP Code Tabulation Area
# References.
- U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division, "Cartographic Boundary Shapefiles – Places | 22,120 |
269771 | Census-designated place | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Census-designated%20place | Census-designated place
appear in both categories of census data. This practice was also discontinued in most states in 2010.
# See also.
- Census county division
- Designated place, a counterpart in the Canadian census
- Incorporated place
- Populated place, used by the United States Board on Geographic Names
- ZIP Code Tabulation Area
# References.
- U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division, "Cartographic Boundary Shapefiles – Places (Incorporated Places and Census Designated Places)". Cartographic Operations Branch, December 11, 2014.
- U.S. Census Bureau, Census Designated Places (CDPs) – Census 2000 Criteria.
- U.S. Census Bureau, Geographic Areas Reference Manual, United States Department of Commerce. | 22,121 |
1804413 | Shadhili | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shadhili | Shadhili
Shadhili
The Shadhili Tariqa () is a Sufi order of Sunni Islam founded by Abul Hasan Ali ash-Shadhili of Morocco in the 13th century. Followers (Arabic "murids", "seekers") of the Shadhiliya are known as Shadhilis.
It has historically been of importance and influence in North Africa and Egypt with many contributions to Islamic literature. Among the figures most known for their literary and intellectual contributions are Ibn 'Ata Allah, author of the "Hikam", and Ahmad Zarruq, author of numerous commentaries and works, and Ahmad ibn Ajiba who also wrote numerous commentaries and works. In poetry expressing love of Muhammad, there have been the notable contributions of Muhammad al-Jazuli, author | 22,122 |
1804413 | Shadhili | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shadhili | Shadhili
of the "Dala'il al-Khayrat", and Busiri, author of the famous poem, the Qaṣīda al-Burda. Many of the head lecturers of al-Azhar University in Cairo have also been followers of this tariqa.
Of the various branches of the Shadhili tariqa are the Fassiyatush, found largely in India, Sri Lanka and Pakistan. The Darqawi branch is found mostly in Morocco and the Darqawi Alawiyya "(no connection to the "Kızılbaş-Turkish-Alevis" or "Syrian-Arab-Alawis")" which originated in Algeria is now found the world over, particularly in Syria, Jordan, France and among many English-speaking communities. British scholar, Martin Lings wrote an extensive biography of the founder of this branch, Ahmad al-Alawi, entitled | 22,123 |
1804413 | Shadhili | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shadhili | Shadhili
'A Sufi Saint of the 20th century' ()
The anniversary urs of Hazrat Qutubul Akber Imam Nooruddin Abul Hasan Alee Ash Shadhili (Razi) is held on 12th Shawwal (the tenth month of lunar calendar) at Humaithara in Egypt.
# Branches.
Shadhiliyya has nearly 72 branches across the globe. A few prominent branches are listed below.
## Fassiyya.
Fassiyatush shadhili Sufi order was established by Qutbul Ujud Ghouthuz Zamaan Ash Sheikh Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Mas'ood bin Abdur Rahman Al Makki Al Magribi Al Fassi Ash Shadhili (Imam Fassi) who was a Moroccan by origin and born in Makkah. Fassiyatush Shadhiliyya is widely practised in India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Mauritius and Indonesia. The descendants | 22,124 |
1804413 | Shadhili | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shadhili | Shadhili
of Imam Fassi who are Sheikhs of Fassiyatush Shadhiliyya who live in Makkah and in Jeddah visit to these countries frequently to train Ikhwan. The international leader of Fassiya ash Shadhiliyya (Sheikhus Sujjadah) is sleected from the heirs of Qutbul Ujood and Najmul Ulema Sheikh Ajwad bin Abdallah al Fassi al Makki ash Shadhili is the present leader of the international Sufi order al Fassiya ash Shazuliya.
## Darqawiyya.
The Darqawiyya, a Moroccan branch of the Shadhili order, was founded in the late 18th century CE by Muhammad al-Arabi al-Darqawi. Selections from the Letters of al-Darqawi have been translated by the Shadhili initiate Titus Burckhardt, and also by the scholar Aisha Bewley. | 22,125 |
1804413 | Shadhili | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shadhili | Shadhili
One of the first tariqas to be established in the West was the 'Alawiya branch of the Darqawiyya, which was named after Ahmad ibn Mustafa al-'Alawi al-Mustaghanimi, popularly known as Shaykh al-Alawi. "A significant book about him, written by Martin Lings, is "A Sufi Saint of the Twentieth Century"."
## Attasiyah.
The 'Attasiyah Order is a branch of the 'Alawi Order, founded by Umar bin Abdur Rahman bin Aqil al-Attas. It is centered in Yemen but also has centers in Pakistan, India, and Myanmar. The 'Alawiya order in Yemen has recently been studied by the anthropologist David Buchman. In his article "The Underground Friends of God and Their Adversaries: A Case Study and Survey of Sufism in | 22,126 |
1804413 | Shadhili | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shadhili | Shadhili
Contemporary Yemen", Professor Buchman summarizes the results of his six-month period of fieldwork in Yemen. The article was originally published in the journal Yemen Update, vol. 39 (1997), pp. 21–24."
Another figure is Sheikh Abdal Qadir al-Murabit, a Scottish convert to Islam, whose lineage is Shadhili-Darqawi. Currently his order is known as the Murabitun. At other times his order has been known as the Darqawiyya and Habibiya. One of the first books that Abdal Qadir wrote was "The Book of Strangers", which he authored under the name Ian Dallas. For a brief anecdote of Abdal Qadir in the early 1970s, go" here.
Another contemporary order deriving, in part, from Abdal Qadir al-Murabit is | 22,127 |
1804413 | Shadhili | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shadhili | Shadhili
the al-Haydariyah al-Shadhiliyah, headed by Shaykh Fadhlalla Haeri. Of Shi'ite descent, Fadhlalla teaches within neither a Shi'i nor a Sunni framework.
## Darqawi Hashimiya.
The Darqawi-Alawi branch of the Shadili tariqa also established itself in Damascus and the Levant through Sheikh Muhammad al-Hashimi al-Tilmisani, the son of an Algerian qadi, who migrated to Damascus along with his spiritual guide Ibn Yallis. After the death of Ibn Yallis, Hashimi was authorized by Sheikh Ahmad al-'Alawi (see above Martin Lings), during a visit to Damascus in the early 1920s, and was made his deputy in Damascus. A biography of his life was published in English as "Shaykh Muhammad al-Hashimi: His Life | 22,128 |
1804413 | Shadhili | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shadhili | Shadhili
and Works".
The most well known living spiritual guide of this branch of the Shadhili tariqa, especially to English-speakers, is Sheikh Nuh Ha Mim Keller, an American scholar, author, and translator, who resides in Amman, Jordan. He was authorized by Sheikh Abd al Rahman Al Shaghouri, who was himself a student of Sheikh Muhammad al-Hashimi al-Tilmisani and the lead singer of his gatherings in Damascus. Advocating a holistic and erudite approach to Sufism, Nuh Keller and his students have played an instrumental role in broadening access to Islamic sciences through online education and high quality publications and translations of classical works. His tariqa is notable in attracting a large number | 22,129 |
1804413 | Shadhili | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shadhili | Shadhili
of scholars, academics, and professionals.
Sheikh Muhammad Sa'id al-Jamal, another student of Sheikh Muhammad al-Hashimi al-Tilmisani and who died in 2015, had worked from the Haram al-Sharif or The Temple Mount in Jerusalem and was a mufti of the Hanbali Madhab. He was also a student of the spiritual guide and Shadhili Sheikh Abdur Rahman Abu al Risah of Halab of the Shadhili Yashruti line. He was a direct descendant of Muhammad, through his ancestor Ahmad ar-Rifa`i. He wrote many books in both English and Arabic on Sufism, tafsir, and healing. His students from the US also established the University of Spiritual Healing and Sufism which is devoted to the Sufi way of healing.
## Badawiyya.
Another | 22,130 |
1804413 | Shadhili | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shadhili | Shadhili
branch of the Shadhilia which has groups in Egypt, Indonesia, Turkey and America is the Shadhilia-Batawia founded by Sheikh Ibrahim al-Batawi, for many years professor at al-Azhar. He was a confrere of Sheikh Abdu-l-Halim Mahmud, Shaikh al-Azhar, who was very influential in the revival of Sufism in Egypt. Sheikh Ibrahim's student, Sheikh Abdullah Nooruddeen Durkee has established the Shadhdhuliyyah-Baddawia order in the US. Sheikh Nooruddeen has translated and transliterated the Qur'an and has compiled two definitive books on the Shadhdhuliyyiah, Orisons and Origins.
"Between October 17–26, 1999 the First International Shadhilian Festival occurred in Egypt. It concluded with a pilgrimage to | 22,131 |
1804413 | Shadhili | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shadhili | Shadhili
the tomb of Abu 'l-Hasan al-Shadhili and involved Sufi gatherings of dhikr" and the singing of qasidas, or classical poetry.
## Maryamiyya.
The Maryamiyya Order was founded by Swiss-German metaphysician Frithjof Schuon, author of "The Transcendent Unity of Religions", among other influential books, as an outgrowth of the Alawiyya order. In 1946, the students of a group he led in Switzerland declared him to be an "independent master", spurring him to create his own order. Sometime in 1965, Nūr al-Dīn began having visions of Maryam (as the Virgin Mary is known in Islam), who the Order is named after. The Maryamiyya Order is particularly notable for being largely formed around Perennial philosophy | 22,132 |
1804413 | Shadhili | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shadhili | Shadhili
and Neoplatonism, and heavily influenced by Advaita Vedanta and Guénon's Traditionalist School.
# Influence.
## On Christianity.
It has been suggested that the Shadhili school was influential on St. John of the Cross, in particular on his account of the dark night of the soul and via Ibn Abbad al-Rundi.
This influence has been suggested by Miguel Asín Palacios and developed by others, who claim that Ibn Abbad al-Rundi drew detailed connections between their teachings.
Other scholars, such as José Nieto, argue that these mystical doctrines are quite general, and that while similarities exist between the works of St. John and Ibn Abbad and other Shadhilis, these reflect independent development, | 22,133 |
1804413 | Shadhili | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shadhili | Shadhili
not influence.
# The Spiritual Chain.
Every tariqa must have a chain of transmission and authorization to be recognized as valid. All the chains start from Hazrat Ali ibn Abitalib and goes as 2 branches one through His son Hazrat Imam Hasan ibn Ali Ibn Abitalib and another through Hasan Basri. The chain through Imam Hasan ibn Ali is referred as golden chain and the other through Hazrat Hasan al Basri is referred as silver chain. Shadhiliyya is golden chain by its origin.
- Allah
- Gabriel
- Muhammad
- Ali ibn Abi Talib
- Imam Hasan
- Abu Muhammad Jabir ibn ’Abdullah
- Sa‘id al-Ghazawani
- Abu Muhammad Fath al-Su'ood
- Abu Muhammad Sa'eed
- Abul Qasim Ahmad ibn Marwani
- Sayyid Ishaq | 22,134 |
1804413 | Shadhili | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shadhili | Shadhili
Ibrahim al-Basri
- Zayn al-Din al-Qazwini
- Shams al-Din
- Muhammad Taj al-Din
- Nur al-Din Abul Hasan ‘Ali
- Fakhr al-Din
- Tuqayy al-Din al-Fuqayr
- ‘Abd al-Rahman al-Madani al-‘Attar Az zayyat
- Abd as-Salam ibn Mashish
- Abul Hasan al-Shadhili
# See also.
- Qadiriyya
- Chisti
- Ashrafia
- Naqhsbandi
- Suharwardi
# External links.
- www.al-shadhili.com The Encyclopedia Of Teachings Of Al-Shadhili
- Shadhili Tariqa A comprehensive introduction with material from Sh. Nuh Keller.
- Fassiya branch
- Muhammad al-Jamal
- The Shadhili Darqawi 'Alawi branch
- The Shadhdhuli School for tranquility of being and illumination of hearts Green Mountain branch, located in Charlottesville, | 22,135 |
1804413 | Shadhili | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shadhili | Shadhili
qa A comprehensive introduction with material from Sh. Nuh Keller.
- Fassiya branch
- Muhammad al-Jamal
- The Shadhili Darqawi 'Alawi branch
- The Shadhdhuli School for tranquility of being and illumination of hearts Green Mountain branch, located in Charlottesville, Virginia
- A biography of Muhammad ibn al Habib of the Darqawi branch
- Tariqa Burhaniya as Shadhiliya
- The Founders of the Shadhili Order
- Nasheed group based in Avignon, France.
- Ba`alawi.com Ba'alawi.com | The Definitive Resource for Islam and the Alawiyyen Ancestry.
- Shahdili section of Dr. Godlas' Sufism website. Discusses various Shadhili branches.
- Manaqibi Hazrat Imam Shadhili
- Shazuliya Tariqa Awradh | 22,136 |
269780 | Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Québec%20City%20Jean%20Lesage%20International%20Airport | Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport
Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport
Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport, also known as Jean Lesage International Airport (French: "Aéroport international Jean-Lesage de Québec", or "Aéroport de Québec") is the primary airport serving the Canadian city of Québec. Located west southwest of the city, it is the eleventh-busiest airport in Canada, with 1,670,880 passengers and 121,680 aircraft movements in 2017. More than 10 airlines offer 360 weekly flights to destinations across Canada, the United States, Central America, Mexico, the Caribbean and Europe.
# Overview.
The airport was established in 1939, a year after the closure of the Aérodrome Saint-Louis. First established | 22,137 |
269780 | Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Québec%20City%20Jean%20Lesage%20International%20Airport | Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport
as a training facility for air observers, the first flight occurred on September 11, 1941. First known as the Aéroport de l'Ancienne Lorette, then the Aéroport de Sainte-Foy, and later the Aéroport de Québec, it was renamed to Aéroport international Jean-Lesage in 1993, in honour of the former Premier of Quebec, Jean Lesage. The airport is managed and operated by Aéroport de Québec inc., a non-profit and non-share corporation. The current terminal building has a capacity of 1.4 million passengers annually.
Beginning in 2006, with a budget of $65.8 million, Québec/Jean Lesage International Airport underwent a modernization designed to increase the terminal's capacity and substantially enhance | 22,138 |
269780 | Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Québec%20City%20Jean%20Lesage%20International%20Airport | Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport
the level of passenger service. The modernization included a reconfiguration of the terminal on 2 levels, a restructuring of the baggage handling area and arrivals area, as well as a reconfiguration and enlargement of the waiting rooms. Fifty-four percent of the financing was provided directly by Aéroport de Québec inc. Completed in June 2008, the new configuration of the airport now enables it to handle 1.4 million passengers a year.
Based on the passenger figures for 2009 and 2010, it became clear that the terminal building would reach its design capacity by 2012. Aéroport de Québec inc. is therefore planning further investments of nearly $300 million to further expand the terminal building. | 22,139 |
269780 | Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Québec%20City%20Jean%20Lesage%20International%20Airport | Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport
Presently the terminal has 17 gates: 12 contact gates and 5 walk-out aircraft positions. This number will increase to 24 gates by 2025.
On July 4, 2011, work began on the second phase of the airport expansion, which lasted until 2017. Partially funded through an Airport Improvement Fee, the terminal building doubled the size, at a cost of $224.8 million. The work included an expansion of the international facilities, construction work on the runways, taxiways and de-icing pads, as well as enhancements to customer service facilities. On September 19, 2013, runway 12/30 was renamed to runway 11/29.
The airport charges an Airport Improvement Fee (AIF) to each passenger, it is amongst the highest | 22,140 |
269780 | Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Québec%20City%20Jean%20Lesage%20International%20Airport | Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport
in Canada at $35 per passenger.
In 2015 the airport was the 12th-busiest airport by total passengers and in 2014 it was the 14th-busiest by aircraft movements in Canada. On 10 March 2016, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced the addition of the airport to the list of Canadian airports containing U.S. border preclearance facilities.
On December 11, 2017, the first phase of YQB2018, the expansion project, was completed with the opening of the new international terminal. The new facility features more dedicated baggage carousels serving international flights, new customs area, expanded food court and restaurant areas including banners such as Starbucks, Pidz and Nourc, four new gates (34 to | 22,141 |
269780 | Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Québec%20City%20Jean%20Lesage%20International%20Airport | Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport
37), improved and larger loading area for cars and buses and a larger capacity baggage area.
The last expansion phase is scheduled to be completed for summer 2019 with the domestic and international terminals being linked all together.
Also added as part of the most recent expansion are 10 holes in the security fence placed at positions determined jointly by the airport authority and a local plane spotting group. These holes are sized to allow photographers to insert telephoto lenses, and are specifically reserved for their use. In 2019, the American website "Digital Photography Review" called the airport "the number one spot for aviation photographers".
# Facilities.
## Infrastructure.
YQB | 22,142 |
269780 | Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Québec%20City%20Jean%20Lesage%20International%20Airport | Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport
International Airport receives a wide variety of long-, mid- and short-haul aircraft. The airport has two runways. Its longest runway northeast-southwesterly direction is 06/24, having a length of 2,743 meters (9,000 feet) long and 46 meters (150 feet) wide. Runway 24 is YQB's main approach pattern equipped with RNAV, RNP and NDB approach. Runway 06 has the same approaches with the addition of ILS and VOR/DME.
There are six taxiways, Alpha (connecting the main apron with RWY24), Bravo (connecting the main apron with RWY29), Charlie, Delta (parallel to the 06/24), Echo (connecting the main apron with RWY24), Golf (witch links Delta to RWY06 threshold) and Hotel (between Golf and RWY11/29) . | 22,143 |
269780 | Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Québec%20City%20Jean%20Lesage%20International%20Airport | Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport
The airport aprons can accommodate light to large aircraft (12 aerobridge and 9 remote) simultaneously and is designed to accommodate Wide-body jet airliners as large as the Boeing 747-400. YQB doesn't have a Visual Docking Guidance System (VDGS) or Parallax Aircraft Parking Aid (PAPA), all stands are assisted by Ground Operations using marshalling wands–handheld illuminated beacons.
Ramp 3 is where all the Flight Schools and private airlines are located. Chrono Aviation, Skyjet/Air Liaison, Orizon Aviation, CFAQ, Strait Air and Avjet/TSAS are the main users of this apron.
# Access.
Public transportation to the airport is infrequently provided by Réseau de transport de la Capitale route 78 | 22,144 |
269780 | Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Québec%20City%20Jean%20Lesage%20International%20Airport | Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport
to Terminus Les Saules, west of the centre of Quebec City.
# Accidents and incidents.
- On 9 September 1949, Canadian Pacific Airlines Flight 108 on a flight from Montreal to Baie-Comeau with a stopover in Quebec City crash-landed east of Quebec City when a bomb exploded on-board shortly after departing from Quebec City Jean Lesage Airport (then known as L'Ancienne-Lorette Airport), killing all 19 passengers and 4 crew. The incident and trial that followed up would be later known as the Albert Guay affair.
- On 29 March 1979, Québecair Flight 255, a Fairchild F-27, crashed after take-off killing 17 and injuring 7.
- On 23 June 2010, a Beechcraft A100 King Air of Aeropro (C-FGIN) crashed | 22,145 |
269780 | Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Québec%20City%20Jean%20Lesage%20International%20Airport | Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport
juring 7.
- On 23 June 2010, a Beechcraft A100 King Air of Aeropro (C-FGIN) crashed north of the airport just after taking off from Runway 30 (now runway 29), killing all seven people on board.
- On 12 October 2017, for the first time in North America, a drone collided with a passenger plane. The drone struck the turboprop passenger plane operated by Skyjet Aviation while it was on approach. The drone was operating above the 90m flight height restriction and within the 5 km exclusion zone around airports, violating drone operating regulations.
# See also.
- Québec/Lac Saint-Augustin Water Airport
- Aérodrome Saint-Louis
# External links.
- Aéroport de Québec official website (English) | 22,146 |
269778 | Lady Byng Memorial Trophy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lady%20Byng%20Memorial%20Trophy | Lady Byng Memorial Trophy
Lady Byng Memorial Trophy
The Lady Byng Memorial Trophy, formerly known as the Lady Byng Trophy, is presented each year to the National Hockey League "player adjudged to have exhibited the best type of sportsmanship and gentlemanly conduct combined with a high standard of playing ability". The Lady Byng Memorial Trophy has been awarded 88 times to 53 different players since it was first awarded in 1925. The original trophy was donated to the league by Lady Byng of Vimy, then–viceregal consort of Canada.
The voting is conducted at the end of the regular season by members of the Professional Hockey Writers Association, and each individual voter ranks their top five candidates on a 10-7-5-3-1 | 22,147 |
269778 | Lady Byng Memorial Trophy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lady%20Byng%20Memorial%20Trophy | Lady Byng Memorial Trophy
points system. Three finalists are named and the trophy is awarded at the NHL Awards ceremony after the Stanley Cup Playoffs.
# History.
The trophy is named in honour of Marie Evelyn Moreton (Lady Byng), wife of the Viscount Byng of Vimy, who commanded Canadian forces at the Battle of Vimy Ridge and who was Governor General of Canada from 1921 to 1926. Lady Byng, an avid hockey fan, decided to donate the trophy to the NHL in 1925.
Lady Byng decided the trophy's first winner would be Frank Nighbor of the Ottawa Senators. Late in the season, she invited Nighbor to Rideau Hall, showed him the trophy, and asked him if the NHL would accept it as an award for its most gentlemanly player. When Nighbor | 22,148 |
269778 | Lady Byng Memorial Trophy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lady%20Byng%20Memorial%20Trophy | Lady Byng Memorial Trophy
said he thought it would, Lady Byng, much to Nighbor's surprise, awarded him the trophy.
After Frank Boucher of the New York Rangers won the award seven times within eight years, Lady Byng was so impressed that she gave him the original trophy to keep. She then donated a second trophy in 1935–36. When Lady Byng died in 1949, the NHL presented another trophy and changed the official name to the Lady Byng Memorial Trophy. In 1962, the original trophy was destroyed in a fire at Boucher's home.
# Award winners.
Besides Boucher, a number of players have won the award multiple times, including Wayne Gretzky who won it five times, Red Kelly and Pavel Datsyuk with four wins, and Bobby Bauer, Alex | 22,149 |
269778 | Lady Byng Memorial Trophy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lady%20Byng%20Memorial%20Trophy | Lady Byng Memorial Trophy
Delvecchio, Mike Bossy, Martin St. Louis, and Ron Francis with three each. Because of Boucher's seven wins, the New York Rangers join Detroit as the only two clubs who have won the award fourteen times, followed by Toronto with nine wins, Chicago and Boston tied with eight, and Los Angeles with six. Adam Oates was a six-time finalist for the Lady Byng Trophy but never won.
Five players have won both the Lady Byng Trophy and the Hart Memorial Trophy as league MVP in the same season: Buddy O'Connor (1947–48), Bobby Hull (1964–65), Stan Mikita (1966–67 and 1967–68), Wayne Gretzky (1979–80) and Joe Sakic (2000–01). Mikita is also the only player to win the Hart, Art Ross, and Lady Byng trophies | 22,150 |
269778 | Lady Byng Memorial Trophy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lady%20Byng%20Memorial%20Trophy | Lady Byng Memorial Trophy
in the same season, doing so consecutively in the 1966–67 and 1967–68 seasons. Gretzky, Bobby Hull, and Martin St. Louis also won these three awards, but not in the same season. Bobby and Brett Hull are the only father-son combination to win the Hart and Lady Byng trophies.
Bill Quackenbush, Red Kelly, and Brian Campbell are the only defensemen to have won the Lady Byng Trophy, with Kelly being the only one to win it multiple times (3 as a defenseman, 4 overall). After Kelly, no defenseman won the award for a 58-year stretch which ended in 2012 when Campbell received the honor, though Nicklas Lidstrom narrowly lost to Joe Sakic in 2001. No goaltender has ever won the award.
# See also.
- | 22,151 |
269778 | Lady Byng Memorial Trophy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lady%20Byng%20Memorial%20Trophy | Lady Byng Memorial Trophy
n the Lady Byng Trophy, with Kelly being the only one to win it multiple times (3 as a defenseman, 4 overall). After Kelly, no defenseman won the award for a 58-year stretch which ended in 2012 when Campbell received the honor, though Nicklas Lidstrom narrowly lost to Joe Sakic in 2001. No goaltender has ever won the award.
# See also.
- List of National Hockey League awards
- List of NHL players
- Violence in sports
- NHL violence
- List of awards presented by the Governor General of Canada
- List of awards named after Governors General of Canada
# References.
- General
- Lady Byng Memorial Trophy at NHL.com
- Lady Byng Memorial Trophy history at Legends of Hockey.net
- Specific | 22,152 |
269800 | CDP | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CDP | CDP
CDP
CDP may refer to:
# Places.
- Census-designated place, an unincorporated area in the U.S. for which census data is collected
- Cuddapah Airport (IATA identifier: CDP), Andhra Pradesh, India
# Technology.
- Cache Discovery Protocol, an extension to the BitTorrent file-distribution system
- Certificate in Data Processing, a professional certification conferred by the ICCP
- Charger Downstream Port, a type of battery-charging USB port
- Cisco Discovery Protocol, a proprietary data link network protocol developed by Cisco Systems
- Columbia Data Products, formerly a computer manufacturer, now a software company
- Composers Desktop Project, non-realtime audio digital-signal processing | 22,153 |
269800 | CDP | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CDP | CDP
(DSP) software
- Content delivery platform, a system for managing and deploying web content
- Continuous Data Protection, "article" now contains a link to the shorter "Backup"sub-sub-section
- Customer data platform, marketer-based management system for customer profiles
# Political parties.
- Centrist Democratic Party of the Philippines
- Christian Democratic Party (UK)
- Congress for Democracy and Progress, a political party of Burkina Faso
- Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan
# Other uses.
- Carbon Disclosure Project, of greenhouse gas emissions
- Cassa Depositi e Prestiti, investment bank of Italy
- Collateralized debt position, a type of structured asset-backed security
- | 22,154 |
269800 | CDP | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CDP | CDP
ontinuous Data Protection, "article" now contains a link to the shorter "Backup"sub-sub-section
- Customer data platform, marketer-based management system for customer profiles
# Political parties.
- Centrist Democratic Party of the Philippines
- Christian Democratic Party (UK)
- Congress for Democracy and Progress, a political party of Burkina Faso
- Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan
# Other uses.
- Carbon Disclosure Project, of greenhouse gas emissions
- Cassa Depositi e Prestiti, investment bank of Italy
- Collateralized debt position, a type of structured asset-backed security
- Collett Dickenson Pearce, a British advertising agency
- Cytidine diphosphate, a nucleotide | 22,155 |
269785 | William M. Jennings Trophy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20M.%20Jennings%20Trophy | William M. Jennings Trophy
William M. Jennings Trophy
The William M. Jennings Trophy is an annual National Hockey League (NHL) award given to "the goaltender(s) having played a minimum of 25 games for the team with the fewest goals scored against it ... based on regular-season play." From 1946 until 1981, the Vezina Trophy had been awarded under that definition, but it was later changed and replaced by the Jennings Trophy. It is named in honor of William M. Jennings, the longtime governor and president of the New York Rangers. Since its beginnings in 1982, it has been awarded at the end of 32 seasons to 53 different players; mostly in tandems of two goaltenders.
The most recent winners are Thomas Greiss and Robin Lehner | 22,156 |
269785 | William M. Jennings Trophy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20M.%20Jennings%20Trophy | William M. Jennings Trophy
of the New York Islanders, which had a league-low 191 team goals-against in the 2018–19 NHL season.
# History.
From 1946 until the 1980–81 season, the Vezina Trophy was awarded to the goaltender(s) of the National Hockey League (NHL) team allowing the fewest goals during the regular season. However, it was recognized that this system often meant the trophy went to the goaltender of the better team rather than the individual and was changed to offer the trophy to the most outstanding goaltender, as voted by the NHL general managers. The William M. Jennings Trophy was created as a replacement and is awarded to the starting goaltender(s) playing for the team with the fewest goals against.
The | 22,157 |
269785 | William M. Jennings Trophy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20M.%20Jennings%20Trophy | William M. Jennings Trophy
Jennings Trophy was donated by the NHL's board of governors and first presented at the conclusion of the 1981–82 season. It is named in honor of the late William M. Jennings, who was a longtime governor and president of the New York Rangers and a builder of ice hockey in the United States. Normally the minimum number of games a goaltender must play to be eligible for the trophy is 25, but for the lockout shortened 1994–95 season, the required minimum was fourteen games.
Seven players have won both the Jennings and Vezina Trophy for the same season: Patrick Roy ( and ), Ed Belfour ( and ), Dominik Hasek ( and ), Martin Brodeur (, ), Miikka Kiprusoff (), Tim Thomas (), and Carey Price (). Roy | 22,158 |
269785 | William M. Jennings Trophy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20M.%20Jennings%20Trophy | William M. Jennings Trophy
ave won both the Jennings and Vezina Trophy for the same season: Patrick Roy ( and ), Ed Belfour ( and ), Dominik Hasek ( and ), Martin Brodeur (, ), Miikka Kiprusoff (), Tim Thomas (), and Carey Price (). Roy and Brodeur have won the trophy five times each, the most of any goaltenders. Belfour is third, having won four times. The Montreal Canadiens have the most wins, with six, followed by the New Jersey Devils and the Chicago Blackhawks with five each, and the Buffalo Sabres with three.
# Winners.
Bold Player with the fewest goals ever scored against in a season.
# See also.
- List of National Hockey League awards
- List of NHL statistical leaders
# References.
- General
- Specific | 22,159 |
269806 | Penn | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penn | Penn
Penn
Penn may refer to:
# Places.
England
- Penn, Buckinghamshire
- Penn, West Midlands
United States
- Penn, North Dakota
- Pennsylvania
- Penn, Pennsylvania
- Penn Lake Park, Pennsylvania
- Penn Township (disambiguation), several municipalities
Australia
- Penn, South Australia was the name for the town now known as Oodla Wirra before 1940
# Education.
- University of Pennsylvania, U.S., known as "Penn" or "UPenn"
- Pennsylvania State University, U.S., known as "Penn State" or "PSU"
- Penn High School, Indiana, U.S.
# People.
Surname
- Abram Penn (1743–1801), noted landowner and Revolutionary War officer from Virginia
- Alexander Penn Wooldridge, American mayor of Austin, | 22,160 |
269806 | Penn | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penn | Penn
Texas from 1909 to 1919
- Alexander Penn (1906–1972), Israeli poet
- Arthur Penn, American film director and producer
- Arthur Penn, also known as Arthur Serevetas, Australian actor
- Arthur Horace Penn (1886–1960), member of the British Royal Household
- Audrey Penn, American children's author
- B.J. Penn (born 1978), American mixed martial arts fighter
- Claire Penn (born 1951), South African speech and language pathologist
- Dan Penn, American musician
- Eric Penn (1878–1915), English cricketer
- Hannah Callowhill Penn, wife of William Penn
- Harry Penn, civil rights activist and African-American dentist
- Irving Penn, an American photographer
- John Penn (architect) (1921–2007), | 22,161 |
269806 | Penn | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penn | Penn
a British architect
- John Penn (Conservative politician) (1848–1903), MP for Lewisham 1891–1903
- John Penn (Continental Congress) (1741–1788), Continental Congressman from North Carolina and signer of the United States Declaration of Independence
- John Penn (engineer) (1805–1878), British marine engine engineer, invented lignum vitae bearing for propellor shafts, twice president of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers
- John Penn (governor) (1729–1795), a lieutenant governor and later proprietor of colonial Pennsylvania
- John Penn (writer) (1760–1834), son of Thomas Penn
- Kal Penn (born 1977), American actor and public servant
- An American entertainment family:
- Leo Penn (1921–1998), | 22,162 |
269806 | Penn | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penn | Penn
actor
- Michael Penn (born 1958), son of Leo; singer-songwriter
- Sean Penn (born 1960), son of Leo; actor
- Chris Penn (1965–2006), son of Leo; actor
- Robin Wright (born 1966), actress; sometime known as Robin Wright Penn, former wife of Sean
- Mark Penn, American public relations CEO and campaign strategist
- Osnat Penn, Israeli computational biologist
- Robert Penn, African-American sailor, recipient of the Medal of Honor during the Spanish–American War
- Russell Penn (born 1985), English footballer
- William Penn (1644–1718), founder of Pennsylvania
- John Penn ("the American") (1700–1746), son of William Penn
- Springett Penn (I), the second son of William Penn, founder of Pennsylvania
- | 22,163 |
269806 | Penn | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penn | Penn
Springett Penn (II), son of William Penn, Jr. and a grandson and heir of William Penn
- William Penn, Jr., son of William Penn
- William Penn (Royal Navy officer), English admiral
Given name
- Penn Badgley, American actor best known for his role as Dan Humphrey on the TV series "Gossip Girl"
- Penn Jillette, member of the comedy and magic duo Penn & Teller
# Other.
- "Penn" (film), 1954 Tamil film starring Vyjayanthimala
- "Penn" (TV series), a 2006 Tamil-language soap opera
- Penn Club of New York City, located in New York City
- Penn FC, a soccer club based in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
- Penn (automobile), manufactured in Pittsburgh from 1910 until 1913
- "The Penn", or "The Stylus", | 22,164 |
269806 | Penn | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penn | Penn
Humphrey on the TV series "Gossip Girl"
- Penn Jillette, member of the comedy and magic duo Penn & Teller
# Other.
- "Penn" (film), 1954 Tamil film starring Vyjayanthimala
- "Penn" (TV series), a 2006 Tamil-language soap opera
- Penn Club of New York City, located in New York City
- Penn FC, a soccer club based in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
- Penn (automobile), manufactured in Pittsburgh from 1910 until 1913
- "The Penn", or "The Stylus", a would-be periodical owned and edited by Edgar Allan Poe
- Penn Racquet Sports, a ball manufacturer
- Penn Reels, an American manufacturer of fishing tackle, a division of Jarden
# See also.
- Pen (disambiguation)
- Penn Square (disambiguation) | 22,165 |
269796 | Izaak Walton Killam | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Izaak%20Walton%20Killam | Izaak Walton Killam
Izaak Walton Killam
Izaak Walton Killam (July 23, 1885 – August 5, 1955) was one of Canada's most eminent financiers.
# Early life.
Born in Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, he was the son of William Dudman Killam and Arabella Hunter (Belle) Cann.
# Business ventures.
As a young banker with the Union Bank of Halifax, Killam became close friends with John F. Stairs and Max Aitken (Lord Beaverbrook) who put Killam in charge of his Royal Securities. In 1919, Killam bought out Aitken and took full control of the company. Killam's business dealings primarily involved the financing of large pulp and paper and hydro-electric projects throughout Canada and Latin America. Killam was believed to be the richest | 22,166 |
269796 | Izaak Walton Killam | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Izaak%20Walton%20Killam | Izaak Walton Killam
man in Canada at the time. One of his larger projects in his native province was the creation of the Mersey Paper Company Ltd. and its related electrical generating stations and shipping fleet.
In 1922 he married Dorothy Brooks Johnston. Notwithstanding his prodigious financial accomplishments, Killam was a very reserved man who eschewed publicity and was virtually unknown outside a small circle of close acquaintances. Killam died in 1955 at his Quebec fishing lodge. By then he was considered to be the richest man in Canada.
In 1927 Killam acquired The Mail and Empire and was later sold in 1936.
# Philanthropy.
Having no children, Killam and his wife devoted the greater part of their wealth | 22,167 |
269796 | Izaak Walton Killam | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Izaak%20Walton%20Killam | Izaak Walton Killam
to higher education in Canada. The Killam Trusts, established in the will of Mrs. Killam, are held by five Canadian universities: the University of British Columbia, University of Alberta, University of Calgary, Dalhousie University and McGill University. The current market value of the Killam endowment is approximately CAD$400 million and it is used to fund scientific research and artistic ventures across Canada.
Dalhousie University in Halifax benefited the most, having received a $30 million bequest from Dorothy Killam's estate in 1965 ($214 million in 2011 when adjusted for inflation), representing 32% of her fortune. The Killam Memorial Library constructed between 1966 and 1971 at a cost | 22,168 |
269796 | Izaak Walton Killam | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Izaak%20Walton%20Killam | Izaak Walton Killam
of $7.3 million ($52 million in 2011) was designed by architect Leslie R. Fairn and remains an enduring legacy to this day.
Money from the Killam estate also went to establish Izaak Walton Killam Hospital for Children in Halifax and the Montreal Neurological Institute in Montreal.
When Killam died the government honoured his request to use his inheritance taxes and a large donation, coupled with those of Sir James H. Dunn, to establish the Canada Council for the Arts.
# Further reading.
- "Canada's Mystery Man of High Finance", Douglas How, Hantsport: Lancelot Press, 1986.
- "A Very Private Person: The Story of Izaak Walton Killam - and his wife Dorothy", Douglas How: Dalhousie Graphics, | 22,169 |
269796 | Izaak Walton Killam | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Izaak%20Walton%20Killam | Izaak Walton Killam
igned by architect Leslie R. Fairn and remains an enduring legacy to this day.
Money from the Killam estate also went to establish Izaak Walton Killam Hospital for Children in Halifax and the Montreal Neurological Institute in Montreal.
When Killam died the government honoured his request to use his inheritance taxes and a large donation, coupled with those of Sir James H. Dunn, to establish the Canada Council for the Arts.
# Further reading.
- "Canada's Mystery Man of High Finance", Douglas How, Hantsport: Lancelot Press, 1986.
- "A Very Private Person: The Story of Izaak Walton Killam - and his wife Dorothy", Douglas How: Dalhousie Graphics, 1976
# External links.
- Killam Trusts.ca | 22,170 |
269794 | Monomethylhydrazine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monomethylhydrazine | Monomethylhydrazine
Monomethylhydrazine
Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) is a volatile hydrazine chemical with the chemical formula CH(NH)NH. It is used as a rocket propellant in bipropellant rocket engines because it is hypergolic with various oxidizers such as nitrogen tetroxide (NO) and nitric acid (HNO). As a propellant, it is described in specification MIL-PRF-27404.
MMH is a hydrazine derivative that was once used in the orbital maneuvering system (OMS) and reaction control system (RCS) engines of NASA's Space Shuttle, which used MMH and MON-3 (a mixture of nitrogen tetroxide with approximately 3% nitric oxide). This chemical is toxic and carcinogenic in small amounts, but it is easily stored in orbit providing | 22,171 |
269794 | Monomethylhydrazine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monomethylhydrazine | Monomethylhydrazine
moderate performance for very low fuel tank system weight. MMH and its chemical relative unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) have a key advantage that they are stable enough to be used in regeneratively cooled rocket engines. The European Space Agency (ESA) has attempted to seek new options in terms of bipropellant rocket combinations to avoid poisonous chemicals such as MMH and its relatives.
MMH is believed to be the main cause of the toxicity of mushrooms of genus "Gyromitra", especially the false morel ("Gyromitra esculenta"). In these cases, MMH is formed by the hydrolysis of gyromitrin.
Monomethylhydrazine is considered to be a possible occupational carcinogen, and the occupational | 22,172 |
269794 | Monomethylhydrazine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monomethylhydrazine | Monomethylhydrazine
they are stable enough to be used in regeneratively cooled rocket engines. The European Space Agency (ESA) has attempted to seek new options in terms of bipropellant rocket combinations to avoid poisonous chemicals such as MMH and its relatives.
MMH is believed to be the main cause of the toxicity of mushrooms of genus "Gyromitra", especially the false morel ("Gyromitra esculenta"). In these cases, MMH is formed by the hydrolysis of gyromitrin.
Monomethylhydrazine is considered to be a possible occupational carcinogen, and the occupational exposure limits to MMH are set at protective levels to account for the possible carcinogenicity.
A known use of MMH is in the synthesis of Suritozole. | 22,173 |
269795 | Vancouver Blazers | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vancouver%20Blazers | Vancouver Blazers
Vancouver Blazers
The Vancouver Blazers were a professional ice hockey team that played in the World Hockey Association from 1973–75. The Blazers played at the Pacific Coliseum in Vancouver, British Columbia, sharing the facility with the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League. The Blazers were owned by local businessman Jim Pattison. The franchise moved to Vancouver after a single season in Philadelphia. Unable to establish a strong fan base in Vancouver, the team was moved again in 1975 to become the Calgary Cowboys.
# History.
The Blazers were one of the founding members of the World Hockey Association. Originally the franchise was to be based out of Miami, Florida, called the | 22,174 |
269795 | Vancouver Blazers | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vancouver%20Blazers | Vancouver Blazers
Miami Screaming Eagles. But due to financial problems and a lack of a suitable arena, the franchise was moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and debuted as the Philadelphia Blazers. After only one season in Philadelphia, the team relocated to Vancouver, British Columbia and became the Vancouver Blazers in 1973–74. After two seasons, the team was again relocated to Calgary, Alberta as the Calgary Cowboys for 1975–76. Two years later, the franchise folded.
# Vancouver Blazers.
After the 1972–73 WHA season ended, the Philadelphia Blazers' owners sold the team to Jim Pattison who moved the team north of the border to Vancouver, British Columbia where it was named "Vancouver Blazers".
Pattison | 22,175 |
269795 | Vancouver Blazers | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vancouver%20Blazers | Vancouver Blazers
knew that in order to compete with the Vancouver Canucks of the NHL, who shared the same arena, he needed to attract a major star to the team, as Andre Lacroix, who had led the league in scoring the previous year, left to join the New York Golden Blades, while the team's (and league's) highest-paid player, Derek Sanderson, had been forced out at the end of the season in a major embarrassment to the team and league. Pattison tried to sign Boston star Phil Esposito, offering him $2.5 million over five years. Esposito decided to stay with the Bruins for less money.
The team performed poorly in their first year, finishing with a record of 27-50-1. The next season, 1974–75, brought back some respectability | 22,176 |
269795 | Vancouver Blazers | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vancouver%20Blazers | Vancouver Blazers
as they finished only two games below .500. But that wasn't enough to keep the team in Vancouver. After only two seasons in Vancouver, the team once again packed up and was moved to Calgary, Alberta, where they were renamed "Calgary Cowboys". The Cowboys would be the WHA's second attempt at Calgary, as the Calgary Broncos were slated to start playing there for the inaugural WHA season. After the Broncos' owner died, the franchise was instead placed in Cleveland.
# Season-by-season record.
"Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes"
# See also.
- List of Vancouver Blazers players
- List of ice hockey | 22,177 |
269795 | Vancouver Blazers | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vancouver%20Blazers | Vancouver Blazers
e they were renamed "Calgary Cowboys". The Cowboys would be the WHA's second attempt at Calgary, as the Calgary Broncos were slated to start playing there for the inaugural WHA season. After the Broncos' owner died, the franchise was instead placed in Cleveland.
# Season-by-season record.
"Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes"
# See also.
- List of Vancouver Blazers players
- List of ice hockey teams in British Columbia
# References.
-
-
-
-
# External links.
- Philadelphia Blazers History
- Unofficial Home of the Philadelphia Blazers
- NHL.com article about the Philadelphia Blazers | 22,178 |
269789 | Karl August Varnhagen von Ense | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl%20August%20Varnhagen%20von%20Ense | Karl August Varnhagen von Ense
Karl August Varnhagen von Ense
Karl August Varnhagen von Ense (21 February 1785 in Düsseldorf – 10 October 1858 in Berlin) was a German biographer, diplomat and soldier.
# Life and career.
He was born in Düsseldorf, the younger brother of Rosa Maria Varnhagen, a noted poet, writer, and educator. He studied medicine in Berlin, but most of his time was spent examining philosophy and literature, which he later studied more thoroughly at Halle and Tübingen. He began his literary career in 1804 working along with Adelbert von Chamisso on his Berliner "Musenalmanach".
In 1809, he joined the main Austrian army under Archduke Charles, serving in IR20 Reuss-Plauen at the Battle of Wagram, where he | 22,179 |
269789 | Karl August Varnhagen von Ense | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl%20August%20Varnhagen%20von%20Ense | Karl August Varnhagen von Ense
was wounded. He was then made adjutant to Prince Bentheim, whom he accompanied to Paris, where he continued his studies. In 1812, he entered the Prussian civil service in Berlin but soon left to enter the Russian service as captain. He served in Tettenborn's corps as adjutant to Tettenborn on trips to Hamburg and Paris. He recorded his experiences in "Geschichte der Hamburger Ereignisse" (History of the events in Hamburg; London, 1813) and "Geschichte der Kriegszüge Tettenborns" (History of Tettenborn's Campaigns, 1814). He worked as a tutor and butler in the homes of several families of the wealthy Jewish bourgeoisie. This allowed him to learn from an early age young characters in his time, | 22,180 |
269789 | Karl August Varnhagen von Ense | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl%20August%20Varnhagen%20von%20Ense | Karl August Varnhagen von Ense
some already famous, such as: Adelbert von Chamisso, Justinus Kerner, Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué, Ludwig Uhland and many other poets of romanticism.
He accompanied Prince Hardenberg to the Congress of Vienna in 1814, and between 1815 and 1819 he served as Prussian Minister-Resident at Carlsruhe. After 1819, he resided chiefly in Berlin, bearing the title “Geheimer Legationsrat.” He had no fixed official appointment but was often employed in important political business.
He carried on an extensive correspondence with Alexander von Humboldt, and two volumes of Humboldt's letters to him have been published.
# Writings.
Although he developed a reputation as an imaginative and critical writer, | 22,181 |
269789 | Karl August Varnhagen von Ense | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl%20August%20Varnhagen%20von%20Ense | Karl August Varnhagen von Ense
he is most famous as a biographer. He possessed a remarkable ability to group facts together and to bring out their essential significance. His style is distinguished for its strength, grace and purity. Among his principal works are:
- "Goethe in den Zeugnissen der Mitlebenden" (1824)
- "Biographische Denkmäler" (5 vols., 1824–30; 3rd ed., 1872)
- Biographies of General von Seydlitz (1834), Field-Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, victor over Napoleon at Waterloo, Sophia Charlotte, Queen of Prussia (1837), Field-Marshal Schwerin (1841), Field-Marshal Keith (1844), and General Bülow von Dennewitz (1853)
His "Denkwürdigkeiten und vermischte Schriften" appeared in nine volumes in 1843-59, | 22,182 |
269789 | Karl August Varnhagen von Ense | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl%20August%20Varnhagen%20von%20Ense | Karl August Varnhagen von Ense
the last two volumes appearing after his death. His niece, Ludmilla Assing, between 1860 and 1867, edited several volumes of his correspondence with eminent men and his "Tagebücher" (14 vols., 1861–70). "Blätter aus der preussischen Geschichte" appeared in five volumes (1868–69); his correspondence with his wife, Rahel, appeared in six volumes in 1874–75; and that with Carlyle in 1892.
His selected writings appeared in 19 volumes in 1871-76.
# Family.
In 1814, he married saloniste Rahel Levin after she converted from Judaism to Christianity. Varnhagen was devotedly attached to her and found in her sympathy and encouragement. She was one of the chief sources of his inspiration as a writer. | 22,183 |
269789 | Karl August Varnhagen von Ense | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl%20August%20Varnhagen%20von%20Ense | Karl August Varnhagen von Ense
e in 1892.
His selected writings appeared in 19 volumes in 1871-76.
# Family.
In 1814, he married saloniste Rahel Levin after she converted from Judaism to Christianity. Varnhagen was devotedly attached to her and found in her sympathy and encouragement. She was one of the chief sources of his inspiration as a writer. He never fully recovered from the shock of her death in 1833, but he published memorial volumes containing selections from her papers: "Rahel, ein Buch des Andenkens für ihre Freunde" (Rahel, a memorial book for her friends, 3 vols., 1834) and "Galerie von Bildnissen aus Rahels Umgang" (A gallery of portraits from Rahel's circle, 2 vols., 1836).
# References.
- Attribution | 22,184 |
269769 | Royal Engineers | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Engineers | Royal Engineers
Royal Engineers
The Corps of Royal Engineers, usually just called the Royal Engineers (RE), and commonly known as the "Sappers", is one of the corps of the British Army.
It provides military engineering and other technical support to the British Armed Forces and is headed by the Chief Royal Engineer. The Regimental Headquarters and the Royal School of Military Engineering are in Chatham in Kent, England. The corps is divided into several regiments, barracked at various places in the United Kingdom and around the world.
# History.
The Royal Engineers trace their origins back to the military engineers brought to England by William the Conqueror, specifically Bishop Gundulf of Rochester Cathedral, | 22,185 |
269769 | Royal Engineers | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Engineers | Royal Engineers
and claim over 900 years of unbroken service to the crown. Engineers have always served in the armies of the Crown; however, the origins of the modern corps, along with those of the Royal Artillery, lie in the Board of Ordnance established in the 15th century.
In Woolwich in 1716, the Board formed the Royal Regiment of Artillery and established a Corps of Engineers, consisting entirely of commissioned officers. The manual work was done by the Artificer Companies, made up of contracted civilian artisans and labourers. In 1772, a Soldier Artificer Company was established for service in Gibraltar, the first instance of non-commissioned military engineers. In 1787, the Corps of Engineers was granted | 22,186 |
269769 | Royal Engineers | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Engineers | Royal Engineers
the "Royal" prefix and adopted its current name and in the same year a Corps of Royal Military Artificers was formed, consisting of non-commissioned officers and privates, to be led by the RE. Ten years later the Gibraltar company, which had remained separate, was absorbed and in 1812 the name was changed to the Corps of Royal Sappers and Miners.
The Corps has no battle honours. In 1832, the regimental motto, "Ubique' & 'Quo Fas Et Gloria Ducunt" ("Everywhere" & "Where Right And Glory Lead"; in Latin "fas" implies "sacred duty"), was granted. The motto signified that the Corps had seen action in all the major conflicts of the British Army and almost all of the minor ones as well.
In 1855 the | 22,187 |
269769 | Royal Engineers | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Engineers | Royal Engineers
Board of Ordnance was abolished and authority over the Royal Engineers, Royal Sappers and Miners and Royal Artillery was transferred to the Commander-in-Chief of the Forces, thus uniting them with the rest of the Army. The following year, the Royal Engineers and Royal Sappers and Miners became a unified corps as the Corps of Royal Engineers and their headquarters were moved from the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, to Chatham, Kent.
The re-organisation of the British military that began in the mid-Nineteenth Century and stretched over several decades included the reconstitution of the Militia, the raising of the Volunteer Force, and the ever-closer organisation of the part-time forces with the regular | 22,188 |
269769 | Royal Engineers | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Engineers | Royal Engineers
army. The old Militia had been an infantry force, other than the occasional employment of Militiamen to man artillery defences and other roles on an emergency basis. This changed in 1861, with the conversion of some units to artillery roles. Militia and Volunteer Engineering companies were also created, beginning with the conversion of the militia of Anglesey and Monmouthshire to engineers in 1877. The Militia and Volunteer Force engineers supported the regular Royal Engineers in a variety of roles, including operating the boats required to tend the submarine mine defences that protected harbours in Britain and its empire. These included a submarine mining militia company that was authorised | 22,189 |
269769 | Royal Engineers | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Engineers | Royal Engineers
for Bermuda in 1892, but never raised, and the Bermuda Volunteer Engineers that wore Royal Engineers uniforms and replaced the regular Royal Engineers companies withdrawn from the Bermuda Garrison in 1928. The various part-time reserve forces were amalgamated into the Territorial Force in 1908, which was retitled the Territorial Army after the First World War, and the Army Reserve in 2014.
In 1911 the Corps formed its Air Battalion, the first flying unit of the British Armed Forces. The Air Battalion was the forerunner of the Royal Flying Corps and Royal Air Force.
In 1915, in response to German mining of British trenches under the then static siege conditions of the First World War, the corps | 22,190 |
269769 | Royal Engineers | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Engineers | Royal Engineers
formed its own tunnelling companies. Manned by experienced coal miners from across the country, they operated with great success until 1917, when after the fixed positions broke, they built deep dugouts such as the Vampire dugout to protect troops from heavy shelling.
Before the Second World War, Royal Engineers recruits were required to be at least 5 feet 4 inches tall (5 feet 2 inches for the Mounted Branch). They initially enlisted for six years with the colours and a further six years with the reserve or four years and eight years. Unlike most corps and regiments, in which the upper age limit was 25, men could enlist in the Royal Engineers up to 35 years of age. They trained at the Royal | 22,191 |
269769 | Royal Engineers | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Engineers | Royal Engineers
Engineers Depot in Chatham or the RE Mounted Depot at Aldershot.
During the 1980s, the Royal Engineers formed the vital component of at least three Engineer Brigades: 12 Engineer Brigade (Airfield Damage Repair); 29th Engineer Brigade; and 30th Engineer Brigade. After the Falklands War, 37 (FI) Engineer Regiment was active from August 1982 until 14 March 1985.
# Regimental museum.
The Royal Engineers Museum is in Gillingham in Kent.
# Significant constructions.
Britain having acquired an Empire, it fell to the Royal Engineers to conduct some of the most significant "civil" engineering schemes around the world. Some examples of great works of the era of empire can be found in A. J. Smithers's | 22,192 |
269769 | Royal Engineers | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Engineers | Royal Engineers
book "Honourable Conquests".
## British Columbia.
The Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment, commanded by Richard Clement Moody, was responsible for the foundation and settlement of British Columbia as the Colony of British Columbia.
## Royal Albert Hall.
The Royal Albert Hall is one of the UK's most treasured and distinctive buildings, recognisable the world over. Since its opening by Queen Victoria in 1871, the world's leading artists from every kind of performance genre have appeared on its stage. Each year it hosts more than 350 performances including classical concerts, rock and pop, ballet and opera, tennis, award ceremonies, school and community events, charity performances and lavish | 22,193 |
269769 | Royal Engineers | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Engineers | Royal Engineers
banquets. The Hall was designed by Captain Francis Fowke and Major-General Henry Y. D. Scott of the Royal Engineers and built by Lucas Brothers. The designers were heavily influenced by ancient amphitheatres, but had also been exposed to the ideas of Gottfried Semper while he was working at the Victoria and Albert Museum.
## Indian infrastructure.
Much of the British colonial era infrastructure of India, of which elements survive today, was created by engineers of the three presidencies' armies and the Royal Engineers. Lieutenant (later General Sir) Arthur Thomas Cotton (1803–99), Madras Engineers, was responsible for the design and construction of the great irrigation works on the river Cauvery, | 22,194 |
269769 | Royal Engineers | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Engineers | Royal Engineers
which watered the rice crops of Tanjore and Trichinopoly districts in the late 1820s. In 1838 he designed and built sea defences for Vizagapatam. He masterminded the Godavery Delta project where of land were irrigated and of land to the port of Cocanada was made navigable in the 1840s. Such regard for his lasting legacy was shown when in 1983, the Indian Government erected a statue in his memory at Dowleswaram.
Other irrigation and canal projects included the Ganges Canal, where Colonel Sir Colin Scott-Moncrieff (1836–1916) acted as the Chief Engineer and made modifications to the original work. Among other engineers trained in India, Scott-Moncrieff went on to become Under Secretary of State | 22,195 |
269769 | Royal Engineers | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Engineers | Royal Engineers
Public Works, Egypt where he restored the Nile barrage and irrigation works of Lower Egypt.
## Rideau Canal.
The construction of the Rideau Canal was proposed shortly after the War of 1812, when there remained a persistent threat of attack by the United States on the British colony of Upper Canada. The initial purpose of the Rideau Canal was military, as it was intended to provide a secure supply and communications route between Montreal and the British naval base in Kingston, Ontario. Westward from Montreal, travel would proceed along the Ottawa River to Bytown (now Ottawa), then southwest via the canal to Kingston and out into Lake Ontario. The objective was to bypass the stretch of the | 22,196 |
269769 | Royal Engineers | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Engineers | Royal Engineers
St. Lawrence River bordering New York State, a route which would have left British supply ships vulnerable to attack or a blockade of the St. Lawrence. The construction of the canal was supervised by Lieutenant-Colonel John By of the Royal Engineers. In 2007 it was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site recognizing it as a work of human creative genius. The Rideau Canal was recognized as the best preserved example of a slack water canal in North America demonstrating the use of European slackwater technology in North America on a large scale. Lt. Denison was one of the junior Royal Engineers who worked under Lt. Colonel John By, RE on the Rideau Canal in Upper Canada (1826–1832). Of note, | 22,197 |
269769 | Royal Engineers | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Engineers | Royal Engineers
Denison carried out experiments under the direction of Lt. Col. By to determine the strength, for construction purposes of the old growth timber in the vicinity of Bytown. His findings were published by the Institution of Civil Engineers in England who bestowed upon him the prestigious Telford Medal.
## Dover's Western Heights.
The Western Heights of Dover are one of the most impressive fortifications in Britain. They comprise a series of forts, strong points and ditches, designed to protect the United Kingdom from invasion. They were created to augment the existing defences and protect the key port of Dover from both seaward and landward attack. First given earthworks in 1779 against the | 22,198 |
269769 | Royal Engineers | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Engineers | Royal Engineers
planned invasion that year, the high ground west of Dover, England, now called Dover Western Heights, was properly fortified in 1804 when Lieutenant-Colonel William Twiss was instructed to modernise the existing defences. This was part of a huge programme of fortification in response to Napoleon's planned invasion of the United Kingdom. To assist with the movement of troops between Dover Castle and the town defences Twiss made his case for building the Grand Shaft in the cliff:
"... the new barracks. ... are little more than 300 yards horizontally from the beach. ... and about above high-water mark, but in order to communicate with them from the centre of town, on horseback the distance is | 22,199 |
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