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269882 | Scottish Episcopal Church | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Episcopal%20Church | Scottish Episcopal Church
Bishops and Primus.
As an episcopal denomination, the church is governed by bishops, differentiating it from the national Church of Scotland which is presbyterian and governed by elders. However, unlike the Church of England, the bishops of the Scottish Episcopal Church are elected in a procedure involving clergy and laity of the vacant diocese voting at an electoral synod.
The church is composed of seven dioceses, each with its own bishop:
All sees except Edinburgh (founded by Charles I) stem from sees of the Catholic Church in Scotland. The bishops of the Episcopal Church are direct successors of the prelates consecrated to Scottish sees at the Restoration. The bishops are addressed "Right | 23,600 |
269882 | Scottish Episcopal Church | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Episcopal%20Church | Scottish Episcopal Church
Reverend".
The College of Bishops constitutes the episcopal synod, the supreme court of appeal.
This synod elects from among its own members a presiding Bishop who has the title of Primus (the title originates from the Latin phrase "Primus inter pares" – 'First among equals').
The Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church, the presiding bishop of the Scottish Episcopal Church, is elected by the episcopal synod from among its members. His duties are:
- to preside at all Provincial Liturgical Functions
- to preside at all meetings of the General Synod of the Scottish Episcopal Church
- to preside at all meetings of the Episcopal Synod
- to declare and carry out the resolutions of the General | 23,601 |
269882 | Scottish Episcopal Church | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Episcopal%20Church | Scottish Episcopal Church
Synod, the Episcopal Synod and the College of Bishops
- to represent the Scottish Episcopal Church in its relation to all other Churches of the Anglican Communion and other Communions
- to perform the functions and duties of Primus as specified in the Canons of the Scottish Episcopal Church
- to correspond on behalf of the Scottish Episcopal Church with Primates, Metropolitans and the Secretary General of the Anglican Consultative Council.
The current incumbent is Mark Strange, who was elected on 27 June 2017.
The Primus does not have any metropolitan jurisdiction – the last to hold such jurisdiction was Archbishop Arthur Rose (of St Andrews) up to his death in 1704. The Primus is addressed | 23,602 |
269882 | Scottish Episcopal Church | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Episcopal%20Church | Scottish Episcopal Church
"Most Reverend".
## Representative bodies.
The church is governed by the General Synod. This consists of the House of Bishops, the House of Clergy and the House of Laity. The General Synod makes canon law, administers finance and monitors the work of the boards and committees of the Church. Most decisions are arrived at by a simple majority of members of the General Synod voting together. More complex legislation, such as changes to the Code of Canons requires each of the Houses to agree and to vote in favour by a two-thirds majority.
Each diocese has its synod of the clergy and laity. Its dean (similar to an archdeacon in the Church of England) is appointed by the bishop, and, on the voidance | 23,603 |
269882 | Scottish Episcopal Church | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Episcopal%20Church | Scottish Episcopal Church
of the see, summons the diocesan synod, at the instance of the primus, to choose a bishop. Each diocese has one or more (in the case of some united dioceses) cathedrals. The senior priest of a Scottish Episcopal cathedral is styled as provost (as the title of 'dean' is given to the senior priest of the diocese as a whole, see above). The only exception in Scotland is the Cathedral of the Isles on the island of Great Cumbrae which has been led by a member of the clergy styled as Precentor. Diocesan deans and cathedral provosts are both addressed as "Very Reverend".
# Worship and liturgy.
The Scottish Episcopal Church is mainly in the High Church (or Anglo-Catholic) tradition.
It embraces three | 23,604 |
269882 | Scottish Episcopal Church | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Episcopal%20Church | Scottish Episcopal Church
orders of ministry: deacon, priest (referred to in the 1929 Scottish Prayer Book as presbyter) and bishop. Increasingly, an emphasis is being placed on these orders to work collaboratively within the wider ministry of the whole people of God.
## Liturgies.
In addition to the , the church has a number of other liturgies available to it. In recent years, revised Funeral Rites have appeared, along with liturgies for Christian Initiation (e.g. Baptism and Affirmation) and Marriage. The modern Eucharistic rite (Scottish Liturgy 1982) includes Eucharistic prayers for the various seasons in the Liturgical Year and is commonly known as "The Blue Book" - a reference to the colour of its covers. A further | 23,605 |
269882 | Scottish Episcopal Church | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Episcopal%20Church | Scottish Episcopal Church
Eucharistic prayer is provided in the Marriage liturgy.
# Doctrine and practice.
The centre of teachings of the Scottish Episcopal Church is the life and resurrection of Jesus Christ. The basic teachings of the church, or catechism, includes:
- Jesus Christ is fully human and fully God. He died and was resurrected from the dead.
- Jesus provides the way of eternal life for those who believe.
- The Old and New Testaments of the Bible were written by people "under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit". The Apocrypha are additional books that are used in Christian worship, but not for the formation of doctrine.
- The two great and necessary sacraments are Holy Baptism and Holy Eucharist.
- | 23,606 |
269882 | Scottish Episcopal Church | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Episcopal%20Church | Scottish Episcopal Church
Other sacramental rites are confirmation, ordination, marriage, reconciliation of a penitent, and unction.
- Beliefs in heaven, hell, and Jesus's return in glory.
The threefold sources of authority in Anglicanism are scripture, tradition, and reason. These three sources uphold and critique each other in a dynamic way.
This balance of scripture, tradition and reason is traced to the work of Richard Hooker, a sixteenth-century apologist. In Hooker's model, scripture is the primary means of arriving at doctrine and things stated plainly in scripture are accepted as true. Issues that are ambiguous are determined by tradition, which is checked by reason.
## Social issues.
The Scottish Episcopal | 23,607 |
269882 | Scottish Episcopal Church | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Episcopal%20Church | Scottish Episcopal Church
Church has been involved in Scottish politics.
The church was one of the parties involved in the Scottish Constitutional Convention, which laid the groundwork for the creation of the devolved Scottish Parliament in 1999. Canon Kenyon Wright of the Episcopal Church chaired the Convention (1989–1999).
The church actively supports the work of the Scottish Churches Parliamentary Office in Edinburgh and the Society, Religion and Technology Project.
The General Synod of the Scottish Episcopal Church was invited in June 2016 to pass a motion calling on the UK government to cancel the renewal of the Trident nuclear programme. It declined to do so.
All orders of ministry are open to both male and | 23,608 |
269882 | Scottish Episcopal Church | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Episcopal%20Church | Scottish Episcopal Church
female candidates. On 9 November 2017, the first woman, Anne Dyer, was elected bishop in the Episcopal Church in Scotland. She was consecrated as Bishop of Aberdeen and Orkney on March 2018.
In the area of human sexuality, a debate continued for many years as to the propriety of fully permitting the presence of non-celibate lesbian and gay church members (there never having been a prohibition on membership or ordination of celibate homosexuals). In 2000, a former primate called for the church to bless same-sex couples. Clergy became able to enter into a same-sex civil partnership in 2005, and the church does not require sexual abstinence of such civil unions. Since 2008, St Mary's Cathedral, | 23,609 |
269882 | Scottish Episcopal Church | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Episcopal%20Church | Scottish Episcopal Church
Glasgow has offered blessings for civil partnerships. In 2015 the General Synod passed a vote which could lead to the formal blessing of same-sex marriage. A number of congregations have hosted the blessings of same-sex couples including St Mary's Cathedral, Glasgow and St Paul's Cathedral, Dundee.
In 2016, the General Synod voted in favour of changing the canon of marriage to include same-sex couples. The change was formally approved by the church in June 2017. As a result, at the Anglican Communion primates' meeting in October 2017 the Scottish Episcopal Church was suspended for three years from communion "decision making on any issues of doctrine or polity", a mirror of the sanction applied | 23,610 |
269882 | Scottish Episcopal Church | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Episcopal%20Church | Scottish Episcopal Church
to the U.S. Episcopal Church in 2016 for the same reason.
## Ecumenical relations.
Like many other Anglican churches, the Scottish Episcopal Church has entered into full communion with the Old Catholics of the Utrecht Union. The Scottish Episcopal Church is also a member of the Porvoo Communion and is a member of several ecumenical bodies, including Action of Churches Together in Scotland and the World Council of Churches.
In December 2009, there were reports that certain High Church traditionalists within the Scottish Episcopal Church were in favour of joining the Roman Catholic Church.
# Relation with the Anglican realignment.
Conservative members have organised in the Scottish Anglican | 23,611 |
269882 | Scottish Episcopal Church | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Episcopal%20Church | Scottish Episcopal Church
Network and are associated with the GAFCON. The Scottish Anglican Network announced on 8 June 2017, the same day that the SEC voted to approve same-sex marriage, that they would be in "impaired communion" with the denomination, due to this decision. The General Synod of the Anglican Church of Australia passed a motion on 7 September 2017, condemning SEC's decision to approve same-sex marriage as "contrary to the doctrine of our church and the teaching of Christ", and declaring itself in "impaired communion" with the province. It also expressed their "support for those Anglicans who have left or will need to leave the Scottish Episcopal Church because of its redefinition of marriage and those | 23,612 |
269882 | Scottish Episcopal Church | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Episcopal%20Church | Scottish Episcopal Church
who struggle and remain", and presented their prayers for the return of SEC "to the doctrine of Christ in this matter and that impaired relationships will be restored." The Global South Primates expressed their support for the Scottish Anglican Network at their Communiqué from 9 September 2017.
To date four churches have left the SEC, largely over the issue of the approval of same-sex marriage within the denomination:
- Christ Church, Harris (departed 2017)
- St Thomas', Corstorphine (departed 2018)
- Westhill Community Church (departed 2019)
- St Silas, Glasgow (departed 2019)
The latter three of these congregations are amongst the largest in the denomination, thus representing a sizeable | 23,613 |
269882 | Scottish Episcopal Church | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Episcopal%20Church | Scottish Episcopal Church
proportion of the denominations members and regular worshippers leaving.
# See also.
- Bishop of Argyll and The Isles
- List of Scottish Episcopal churches
- Religion in Scotland
# Further reading.
- William Carstares, "State Papers"
- Robert Keith, "Historical Catalogue of the Scottish Bishops" (Russel's edition, 1824)
- John Parker Lawson, "History of the Scottish Episcopal Church from the Revolution to the Present Time" (1843)
- Thomas Stephen, "History of the Church of Scotland from the Reformation to the Present Time" in 4 Volumes (John Lendrum, 1844): Volume One.
Volume Two.
- Thomas Lathbury, "History of the Nonjurors" (1845)
- George Grub, "Ecclesiastical History of Scotland | 23,614 |
269882 | Scottish Episcopal Church | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish%20Episcopal%20Church | Scottish Episcopal Church
Ecclesiastical History of Scotland in Four Volumes" (Edmonston and Douglas, 1861): Volume 1. Volume 2. Volume 3. Volume 4.
- John Dowden, "Annotated Scottish Communion Office" (1884).
- Goldie, F., "A Short History of the Episcopal Church in Scotland from the Restoration to the Present Time" London S.P.C.K 1951
# External links.
- Historical resources on Scottish Anglicanism from Project Canterbury
- Theological Institute of the Scottish Episcopal Church
- Island Retreats
- Scottish Episcopal Church Experimental Liturgy 1977
- Dioceses
- Aberdeen & Orkney
- Argyll & the Isles
- Brechin
- Edinburgh
- Glasgow & Galloway
- Moray, Ross & Caithness
- St Andrew's, Dunkeld & Dunblane | 23,615 |
269955 | Dave Farrell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dave%20Farrell | Dave Farrell
Dave Farrell
David Michael "Phoenix" Farrell (born February 8, 1977) is an American musician, best known as the bassist and backing vocalist of the rock band Linkin Park. He was also a member of Tasty Snax, a Christian rock and ska band.
# Early life.
Farrell was taught how to play guitar by his mother when he was in high school. He grew up in Plymouth but later moved to Mission Viejo, California at the age of 5.
## Tasty Snax.
While attending high school, Farrell joined a Christian Ska-Punk rock band named 'Tasty Snax', who would later rename themselves to 'The Snax'. What the band sorely needed was a bass guitarist, so Phoenix opted to make the transition from the electric guitar, and | 23,616 |
269955 | Dave Farrell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dave%20Farrell | Dave Farrell
r, and has played bass ever since. The band included Farrell's longtime college friend Mark Fiore, who was also associated in making of various video albums for Linkin Park.
The band recorded two studio albums and one compilation album, signed to Screaming Giant Records. Farrell left the band in 2000.
## Linkin Park.
When Hybrid Theory were signed to Warner and became Linkin Park, Brad Delson assumed bass guitarist credentials for their debut album, though Farrell was credited on the album as bassist. Farrell returned to the line-up in 2000 after about a year and a half absence touring with Tasty Snax. He has been with the band ever since.
# External links.
- Farrell's official LPN page | 23,617 |
269946 | Foobar2000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foobar2000 | Foobar2000
Foobar2000
foobar2000 (often abbreviated as fb2k) is a freeware audio player for Microsoft Windows, iOS and Android developed by Peter Pawłowski. It is known for its highly modular design, breadth of features, and substantial user flexibility in configuration. For example, the user-interface is completely customizable. Its extensive software development kit (SDK) allows third-party developers enough power to completely replace the interface.
foobar2000 supports a large number of audio file formats, has many features for organising metadata, files, and folders, and has a converter interface for use with command line encoders. To maximize audio fidelity in cases where resampling or downscaling | 23,618 |
269946 | Foobar2000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foobar2000 | Foobar2000
in bit depth is required, it provides noise shaping and dithering. There are a number of official and third-party components which add many additional features. The core is closed source, whereas the SDK is licensed under the Three-Clause BSD license.
Since version 0.9.5, foobar2000 supports Windows XP SP2/SP3 and later releases only. This version features a revamped default interface, with embedded support for album list, album art, spectrum visualization, and some other features and improvements. In May 2016, versions for mobile devices were released, and in January 2018, an early beta version for macOS was released.
# Features.
## Core.
At its core, foobar2000 natively supports a range | 23,619 |
269946 | Foobar2000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foobar2000 | Foobar2000
of audio formats, including MP1, MP2, MP3, MPC, AAC, WMA, Ogg Vorbis, FLAC / Ogg FLAC, ALAC, WavPack, WAV, AIFF, AU, SND, CD, Speex, and Opus.
foobar2000 also has a customizable user interface, advanced tagging capabilities and support for ripping Audio CDs, as well as transcoding of all supported audio formats using the Converter component. The player can read inside ZIP, GZIP, and RAR archives. Core functionality has also been tested to work under Wine on Linux.
Additional features include ReplayGain support (for both playback and calculation), gapless playback, keyboard shortcuts and support for DSP effects such as equalization and crossfade.
Users can configure the foobar2000 Media Library | 23,620 |
269946 | Foobar2000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foobar2000 | Foobar2000
ith automated folder watching and Windows Media streaming. The client is built with an open component architecture, allowing third-party developers to extend functionality of the player.
## Optional.
foobar2000 can read the APE, HDCD, AC3, DTS, SACD and DVD-Audio formats.
Other optional features include playback statistics, CD burning, kernel streaming, ASIO support and WASAPI output compatibility. Third-party support is also present in the audio client. For instance, foobar2000 supports Last.fm scrobbling and integration with Apple iPod, including album art support and automatic transcoding of audio formats not supported by iPod itself.
# See also.
- Comparison of audio player software | 23,621 |
269921 | M.U.L.E. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M.U.L.E. | M.U.L.E.
M.U.L.E.
M.U.L.E. is a seminal multiplayer video game originally written for the Atari 8-bit family by Ozark Softscape and published in 1983 by Electronic Arts. It was designed by Danielle Bunten Berry.
"M.U.L.E." was ported to the Commodore 64, Nintendo Entertainment System, and IBM PCjr. Japanese versions also exist for the PC-8801, the Sharp X1, and MSX 2 computers. While it plays like a strategy game, it incorporates aspects that simulate economics.
# Gameplay.
Set on the fictional planet Irata (which is "Atari" backwards), the game is an exercise in supply and demand economics involving competition among four players, with computer opponents automatically filling in for any missing players. | 23,622 |
269921 | M.U.L.E. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M.U.L.E. | M.U.L.E.
Players are provided with several different choices for the race of their colonist, providing different advantages and disadvantages that can be paired to their respective strategies. To win, players not only compete against each other to amass the largest amount of wealth, but must also cooperate for the survival of the colony.
Central to the game is the acquisition and use of "M.U.L.E."s ("Multiple Use Labor Element") to develop and harvest resources from the player's real estate. Depending on how it is outfitted, a M.U.L.E. can be configured to harvest Energy, Food, Smithore (from which M.U.L.E.s are constructed), and Crystite (a valuable mineral available only at the "Tournament" level). | 23,623 |
269921 | M.U.L.E. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M.U.L.E. | M.U.L.E.
Players must balance supply and demand of these elements, buying what they need, and selling what they don't. Players may also exploit or create shortages by refusing to sell to other players or to the "store," which raises the price of the resource on the following turns. Scheming between players is encouraged by allowing collusion, which initiates a mode allowing a private transaction. Crystite is the one commodity that is not influenced by supply and demand considerations, being deemed to be sold 'off world,' so the strategy with this resource is somewhat different—a player may attempt to maximize production without fear of having too much supply for the demand.
Each resource is required | 23,624 |
269921 | M.U.L.E. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M.U.L.E. | M.U.L.E.
to do certain things on each turn. For instance, if a player is short on Food, there will be less time to take one's turn. Similarly, if a player is short on Energy, some land plots won't produce any output, while a shortage of Smithore will raise the price of M.U.L.E.s in the store and prevent the store from manufacturing new M.U.L.E.s to make use of one's land.
Players must also deal with periodic random events such as run-away M.U.L.E.s, sunspot activity, theft by space pirates and a meteorite, with potentially destructive and beneficial effects. The game features a balancing system for random events that impact only a single player, such that favorable events never happen to the player | 23,625 |
269921 | M.U.L.E. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M.U.L.E. | M.U.L.E.
currently in first place, while unfavorable events never happen to the player in last place. This same "leveling of the playfield" is applied whenever a tie happens in the game (e.g. when two players want to buy a resource at the same price); the player in the losing position automatically wins the tie. The players also can hunt the mountain wampus for a cash reward.
# Development.
According to Jim Rushing (one of the four original partners in Ozark Softscape), "M.U.L.E." was initially called "Planet Pioneers" during development. It was intended to be similar to "Cartels & Cutthroats", with more graphics, better playability, and a focus on multiplayer. The real-time auction element came largely | 23,626 |
269921 | M.U.L.E. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M.U.L.E. | M.U.L.E.
from lead designer Danielle Bunten's "Wheeler Dealers". The board game "Monopoly" was used as a model for the game, for its encouragement of social interaction. From "Monopoly" came several of the game's elements: the acquisition and development of land as a primary task, and the economy of scale effect wherein grouped plots and multiple plots of the same type would have increased production quantities. It also inspired the different species, as the different tokens in "Monopoly". Random events affecting each individual were similar to "Chance" cards. Additional game features, such as claim jumping, loans, crystite depletion, were discarded for adding complexity without enhancing gameplay.
The | 23,627 |
269921 | M.U.L.E. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M.U.L.E. | M.U.L.E.
setting was inspired by Robert A. Heinlein's "Time Enough for Love", wherein galactic colonization is in the style of the American Old West: A few pioneers with drive and primitive tools. The M.U.L.E. itself is based on the idea of the genetically modified animal in Heinlein's novel, and given the appearance of a "Star Wars" Imperial Walker. Another Heinlein novel, "The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress", provided the decision to not have any government or external authority. All land was originally sold by auction but this caused a feedback loop in which the wealthiest player had the most land and thus made the most money; thus, the developers created the "land authority" that gives each player a free | 23,628 |
269921 | M.U.L.E. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M.U.L.E. | M.U.L.E.
plot of land each turn.
Ozark Softscape developed the game for the Atari 8-bit first because of its policy of developing for the most advanced computers then porting them to other platforms, removing or altering features such as sprites as necessary. Bunten stated that Ozark did not port the game to the Apple II series because "M.U.L.E. can't be done for an Apple". The PC port of M.U.L.E was developed by K-Byte Software, an affiliate of Electronic Arts, and published by IBM as part of their venture into the home market with the PCjr, but it sold poorly due to being released in 1985 after the latter had been discontinued (although the game did not have any actual PCjr support). No copies existed | 23,629 |
269921 | M.U.L.E. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M.U.L.E. | M.U.L.E.
on the Internet and it was considered "lost" until 2012 when Vince Bray found an original disk which was then archived by Jeff Leyda and Jim Leonard.
# Reception.
"M.U.L.E." only sold 30,000 copies but was lauded by reviewers.
"Computer Gaming World" described it as a "fascinating and very enjoyable game which comes to its very best point with four human players". Minor criticisms included too-weak computer opponents and the lack of a save feature. "Softline" called "M.U.L.E." "what computer games should be like. It's a game, and it's a learning experience. It's also stimulating, fun, frustrating, thought provoking, fun, addictive, and fun". The magazine praised it as offering "valuable lessons" | 23,630 |
269921 | M.U.L.E. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M.U.L.E. | M.U.L.E.
on economic topics, noting that "Most of them are learned the hard way", and concluded that "The game "feels" good" and "virtually flawless" because of the human-computer and human-human competition.
John J. Anderson wrote in "Creative Computing", "I should also mention that there is no shooting to be found anywhere in the game. How positively refreshing ... Mule belongs on every Atari software shelf in the world: in every home and every school, near every Atari."
Scott Mace of "InfoWorld" called "M.U.L.E." unusual in the ease with which it allows multiplayer interaction through a single game computer console.
He wrote that it would have "incredible lasting power, just like the best of the | 23,631 |
269921 | M.U.L.E. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M.U.L.E. | M.U.L.E.
board games" and stated "I learned more about the economics of the marketplace from M.U.L.E. than I ever did in college". Leo Laporte of "Hi-Res" also said that he learned more economics from the game than during college. He predicted that "M.U.L.E." "may revitalize the [video game] industry. It ought to make them rich anyway", praised its theme as "most captivating musical come-on I've ever heard", and concluded "If you ask me, "M.U.L.E." is the perfect game."
Reporting in "BYTE" that his children loved it, Jerry Pournelle described "M.U.L.E." as "a cross between Hammurabi, Diplomacy, and an arcade game, with lots of strategic decisions—provided that you're skillful enough with a joystick | 23,632 |
269921 | M.U.L.E. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M.U.L.E. | M.U.L.E.
to implement what you've decided to do". Another reviewer wrote in the magazine that "it is impossible to adequately describe all the interaction and economically realistic subtleties of M.U.L.E.", concluding that it was "an intriguing way to illustrate some of the triumphs and perils of free enterprise". Orson Scott Card in "Compute!" in 1983 gave "M.U.L.E." and two other EA games, "" and "Worms?", complimentary reviews, writing that "they are original; they do what they set out to do very, very well; they allow the player to take part in the creativity; they do things that only computers can do". The magazine listed the game in May 1988 as one of "Our Favorite Games", stating that it "requires | 23,633 |
269921 | M.U.L.E. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M.U.L.E. | M.U.L.E.
a sense of strategy as well as proficiency at joystick maneuvers".
Steven A. List reviewed "M.U.L.E." in "Space Gamer" No. 70. He commented that ""M.U.L.E." is simply a great game, a "tour de force" in programming and design, good family entertainment, educational and exciting. If you don't have a computer and disk drive, it may be worth the investment just to be able to play this." "The Addison-Wesley Book of Atari Software 1984" gave the game an overall A rating, stating that it "combines some of the best features of "Monopoly" with economic simulation games like [Hammurabi]" while teaching "valuable lessons in economies in a fun way". The book noted that "when several people play, the game | 23,634 |
269921 | M.U.L.E. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M.U.L.E. | M.U.L.E.
becomes involved and interactive". Two of "Zzap!64"s reviewers stated in 1985 that "M.U.L.E." was "an excellent trading game" and "recommended for both novice and skilled", while the third complained that he "found little [excitement] ... nothing to keep me interested".
In 1984 "M.U.L.E." was awarded "1984 Best Multi-Player Video Game/Computer Game" at the 5th annual Arkie Awards where judges described it as "a unique blend of boardgame strategy and computer-game pacing" and noted that "since its release, 'M.U.L.E.' has gained an intense cult following". "Softline" readers named the game the third most-popular Atari program of 1983. With a score of 7.44 out of 10, in 1988 "M.U.L.E." was among | 23,635 |
269921 | M.U.L.E. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M.U.L.E. | M.U.L.E.
the first members of the "Computer Gaming World" Hall of Fame, honoring those games rated highly over time by readers. In 1992 and 1994 surveys of science fiction games the magazine gave the title five of five stars, calling it "An all-time computer classic, this was one of the only games ever devised that was playable and entertaining for four humans. Economics made fun! ... it still holds up well over all these years and, by itself, provides justification for holding onto the 8-bit Atari". In 1996, the magazine named "M.U.L.E." as #3 on its Best Games of All Time list. It was named #5 of the "Ten Greatest PC Games Ever" by "PC World" in 2009. "M.U.L.E." was listed as the 19th most important | 23,636 |
269921 | M.U.L.E. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M.U.L.E. | M.U.L.E.
video game of all time by 1UP.com. Chris Crawford said of the game that considering the platform the team had to deal with, "M.U.L.E." was "the greatest game design ever done."
# Legacy.
"Computer Gaming World" reported in April 1994 that EA "was working on a videogame version of the game, but the design was terminated because of creative differences between the publisher and the designer". The magazine reported a rumor in May 1994 that "a SEGA Genesis version has been completed, but EA is debating over its release", and reported in August 1994 that Bunten had decided against remaking the game because EA "wanted me to put in guns and bombs". An editorial asked the company to "give us M.U.L.E. | 23,637 |
269921 | M.U.L.E. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M.U.L.E. | M.U.L.E.
with Smithore and Crystite as its creator intended". Bunten was working on an Internet version "M.U.L.E." until her death in 1998. In 2005, a netplay component called Kaillera was integrated into the Atari800WinPlus emulator, enabling the original game to be played over the Internet.
Several "M.U.L.E." clones exist including "Subtrade", "Traders", and "Space HoRSE".
An online remake of the game called "Planet M.U.L.E." was released on December 6, 2009. The game is free for download for major platforms. Comma 8 Studios later acquired the mobile "M.U.L.E." license and released "M.U.L.E. Returns" for iOS in November 2013.
"Super Mario Bros". creator Shigeru Miyamoto cited "M.U.L.E." as an influence | 23,638 |
269921 | M.U.L.E. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M.U.L.E. | M.U.L.E.
on the Pikmin series. Will Wright dedicated his game "The Sims" to the memory of Bunten. The "M.U.L.E." theme song was included in Wright's later game, "Spore", as an Easter egg in the space level.
An ability in "" allows Terran players to "call down" multiple robotic workers called M.U.L.E.s.
A board game adaptation, "M.U.L.E. The Board Game", was released in 2015.
# World records.
According to Twin Galaxies, the following records are recognized:
- Nintendo Entertainment System - Jason P. Kelly - 68,273
- Commodore 64 - John J. Sato - 57,879
# See also.
- Legged Squad Support System - A real-life robotic pack animal developed in 2009
# External links.
- "M.U.L.E." at Atari Mania
- | 23,639 |
269921 | M.U.L.E. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M.U.L.E. | M.U.L.E.
.U.L.E. The Board Game", was released in 2015.
# World records.
According to Twin Galaxies, the following records are recognized:
- Nintendo Entertainment System - Jason P. Kelly - 68,273
- Commodore 64 - John J. Sato - 57,879
# See also.
- Legged Squad Support System - A real-life robotic pack animal developed in 2009
# External links.
- "M.U.L.E." at Atari Mania
- "The Gamer's Quarter Issue 6", with an article by John Szczepaniak containing transcribed audio interviews with three of the original team members
- Article at The Dot Eaters detailing Bunten, EA and a history of M.U.L.E.
- Article from "The Arkansas Times" about Bunten and "M.U.L.E."
- Review of 'M.U.L.E." board game | 23,640 |
269971 | Winchester (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winchester%20(disambiguation) | Winchester (disambiguation)
Winchester (disambiguation)
Winchester is a historic city in southern England.
Winchester may also refer to:
# In Winchester, England.
- Winchester (UK Parliament constituency)
- Winchester Cathedral
- Diocese of Winchester
- Bishop of Winchester
- Winchester College
- City of Winchester, the local government district containing Winchester
- University of Winchester
# Places.
## Canada.
- Winchester, Ontario
## New Zealand.
- Winchester, New Zealand
## United States.
- Winchester, Arkansas
- Winchester, California
- Winchester (San Jose), a neighborhood of San Jose, California
- Winchester Transit Center, a light rail station in Campbell, California
- Winchester, Connecticut
- | 23,641 |
269971 | Winchester (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winchester%20(disambiguation) | Winchester (disambiguation)
Winchester, Georgia
- Winchester, Idaho
- Winchester, Illinois
- Winchester, Indiana
- Winchester, Iowa
- Winchester, Kansas
- Winchester, Kentucky
- Winchester, Anne Arundel County, Maryland
- Winchester, Massachusetts
- Winchester, Mississippi
- Winchester, Missouri
- Winchester, Clark County, Missouri
- Winchester, Nevada
- Winchester, New Hampshire
- Winchester, Erie County, New York
- Winchester, Ohio
- Winchester, Oklahoma
- Winchester, Oregon
- Winchester, Tennessee
- Winchester, Texas
- Winchester, Virginia
- Winchester, Grant County, Washington, an unincorporated community
- Winchester (community), Vilas County, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
- Winchester, | 23,642 |
269971 | Winchester (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winchester%20(disambiguation) | Winchester (disambiguation)
Vilas County, Wisconsin, a town
- Winchester, Winnebago County, Wisconsin, a town
- Winchester, Wyoming
## Tourist attractions.
- Winchester Mystery House, a well-known mansion in San Jose, California
# Historical documents.
- The "Book of Winchester" (also known as the "Domesday Book"), the record of the great survey of England completed in 1086 for William I
# Persons.
- Henry of Winchester (1207–1271), who would become King Henry III of England
- Henry of Winchester (1101–1171), also known as Henry of Blois, the Bishop of Winchester
- Benjamin Winchester (1817–1901), early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement
- Boyd Winchester (1836–1923), United States Representative from Kentucky
- | 23,643 |
269971 | Winchester (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winchester%20(disambiguation) | Winchester (disambiguation)
Brad Winchester (born 1981) American professional ice hockey player
- Caleb Thomas Winchester (1847–1920), professor for English literature at Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut
- Colin Winchester (1933–1989), highest-ranking officer to be murdered in Australian policing history
- Elhanan Winchester (1751-1797), preacher
- Ernie Winchester (1944-2013), Scottish footballer
- Ian Winchester (born 1973), discus thrower from New Zealand
- Jack Winchester (born 1882), Canadian professional ice hockey
- Jesse Winchester (1944-2014), stage name of musician James Ridout Winchester
- Jesse Winchester (ice hockey) (born 1983), Canadian professional ice hockey player
- John de Winchester | 23,644 |
269971 | Winchester (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winchester%20(disambiguation) | Winchester (disambiguation)
(d. 1460), bishop of Moray
- Jude Winchester, Northern Irish footballer
- Mary Winchester (Zoluti) (1865-1955), English girl kidnapped by Mizos
- Olive Winchester (1879–1947), pioneer biblical scholar and theologian in the Church of the Nazarene
- Oliver Winchester (1810–1880), largest stockholder of the Winchester Repeating Arms Company
- Sarah Winchester (1837–1922), wife of William Winchester and builder of the Winchester Mystery House
- Scott Winchester (born 1973), American former Major League Baseball player
- Shurwayne Winchester (born 1974), soca artist from Trinidad and Tobago
- Simon Winchester (born 1944), author and journalist
- William Wirt Winchester (1838–1881), son of | 23,645 |
269971 | Winchester (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winchester%20(disambiguation) | Winchester (disambiguation)
Oliver Winchester
## Fictional characters.
- Major Charles Emerson Winchester III, a character in the television series "M*A*S*H"
- Dean Winchester, a character in the television series "Supernatural"
- John Winchester ("Supernatural"), a character in the television series "Supernatural"
- Mary Winchester (Supernatural), a character in the television series "Supernatural"
- Sam Winchester, a character in the television series "Supernatural"
# Chemistry.
- Winchester (bottle), used in laboratories for the storage of corrosive chemicals
# Computers and software.
- Winchester, code name for an Athlon 64 processor model
- Winchester disk, a once-common generic name for hard disks, from | 23,646 |
269971 | Winchester (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winchester%20(disambiguation) | Winchester (disambiguation)
the code name for the early IBM 3340 storage system
- V.35 (recommendation) or Winchester connector, an ITU-T standard for wideband modems located on layer 1 on the OSI model
# Film.
- The Winchester, a fictional English pub in the movie "Shaun of The Dead"
- "Winchester '73", an American Western movie released in 1950 starring James Stewart, remade as a made-for-TV film in 1967
- "Winchester" (film), a 2018 American horror film
# Firearms.
- Winchester rifle, a lever-action rifle popular in the US since the mid 19th century
- Winchester Repeating Arms Company, manufacturer of Winchester firearms
# Vessels.
## Hovercraft.
- Winchester, the class name for the military BHC SR.N6
## | 23,647 |
269971 | Winchester (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winchester%20(disambiguation) | Winchester (disambiguation)
on rifle popular in the US since the mid 19th century
- Winchester Repeating Arms Company, manufacturer of Winchester firearms
# Vessels.
## Hovercraft.
- Winchester, the class name for the military BHC SR.N6
## Ships.
- HMS "Winchester", a name used seven times for Royal Navy warships from 1693–1946
- USS "Winchester" (SP-156), a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917–1919
# Weights and measures.
- Winchester measure, an archaic set of weights and measures
- Winchester quart, an archaic measure of volume
# Other uses.
- 747 Winchester, an asteroid
- The Winchester, Highgate, a London pub
- Winchester, the IBM code name for the product that became the IBM 3340 | 23,648 |
269969 | Creator (software) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creator%20(software) | Creator (software)
Creator (software)
Creator was a software multimedia authoring application, originally designed for the purpose of creating 'point of sale/point of information' (POS/POI) systems. The program was designed and developed by Nigel Pearce whilst working for the monitor manufacturer Microvitec.
# History.
A predecessor of Creator was written for the Alhambra Theatre, Bradford in 1991. It was written in Turbo Pascal for DOS and ran on touchscreen driven PCs housed in interactive booths within the theatre foyer. The application allowed visitors to browse the program for forthcoming shows, to book seats using a visual seating plan and to look for restaurants in the locality. It was developed by Brian | 23,649 |
269969 | Creator (software) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creator%20(software) | Creator (software)
Lumb of Visual Solutions (Saltaire), who along with Nigel Pearce helped to implement the working solution. Much of the coding logic within the application was based upon the research by Pearce for his BSc thesis: 'Point of Information Systems' undertaken at Sheffield Hallamshire University in 1992.
When Visual Solutions dissolved in 1992, Lumb brought the "touch interactive software: concept to Microvitec where Pearce evolved the application into a Windows based version using a mixture of the programming languages Visual Basic and C. This software became the product known as Creator. Version 1 was released in late 1993 followed by Creator Professional in 1994.
Creator was distributed by Cosmi | 23,650 |
269969 | Creator (software) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creator%20(software) | Creator (software)
UK between 1994-1995.
In 1995, Plymouth County Council adopted Creator as its general point of information system across the city and was implemented using a network of touch screen driven PCs connected via modems. The satellite systems received updates from the central control server on a daily basis.
In 1996 Microvitec were suffering significantly in the sector and the rights to the Creator application were sold to newly formed interactive whiteboard manufacturer Promethean after Mike Lawton (the then Promethean MD) saw Creator demonstrated at Ceebit in the same year. Pearce joined Promethean at the same time.
Promethean continued to maintain the Creator product and to support the user | 23,651 |
269969 | Creator (software) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creator%20(software) | Creator (software)
base until mid-1999.
In 1997 the Creator codebase was used as the starting point for the Promethean application PandA, later Activstudio and Activprimary
# Description.
Creator used a "book and page" system. The "book" was a Creator file containing one or more pages where each page comprised a set of objects such as text, images and video. Each object could have up to two programmable actions which when clicked upon could link the user to another page in the book, change the appearance of another object on the page or play a video or sound file (amongst other actions).
The program implemented the feature whereby each object on the page could be made to replicate itself in a defined grid | 23,652 |
269969 | Creator (software) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creator%20(software) | Creator (software)
formation. Additionally each object could contain a list of content references such as text strings, images or external file references which would then be automatically displayed inside the replicated objects within the grid. This feature provided the user with the ability to create interactive menus and scrollable data lists.
The application could run either unattended in "slide show" mode or be driven interactively via touch screen, mouse and/or keyboard. Creator included database searching techniques via SQL queries on the book data. The program also utilised numerous page transitions and hi-resolution, true colour graphics to attract its target audience. The Creator Server extension allowed | 23,653 |
269969 | Creator (software) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creator%20(software) | Creator (software)
he grid. This feature provided the user with the ability to create interactive menus and scrollable data lists.
The application could run either unattended in "slide show" mode or be driven interactively via touch screen, mouse and/or keyboard. Creator included database searching techniques via SQL queries on the book data. The program also utilised numerous page transitions and hi-resolution, true colour graphics to attract its target audience. The Creator Server extension allowed for a system administrator to update book and page content on any client machine across a LAN or to remote machines via modem dial up.
# External links.
- Activstudio
- Activprimary
- Microvitec
- Promethean | 23,654 |
269920 | Xeon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xeon | Xeon
Xeon
Xeon ( ) is a brand of x86 microprocessors designed, manufactured, and marketed by Intel, targeted at the non-consumer workstation, server, and embedded system markets. It was introduced in June 1998. Xeon processors are based on the same architecture as regular desktop-grade CPUs, but have some advanced features such as support for ECC memory, higher core counts, support for larger amounts of RAM, larger cache memory and extra provision for enterprise-grade reliability, availability and serviceability features responsible for handling hardware exceptions through the Machine Check Architecture. They are often capable of safely continuing execution where a normal processor cannot due to | 23,655 |
269920 | Xeon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xeon | Xeon
these extra RAS features, depending on the type and severity of the Machine Check Exception. Some also support multi-socket systems with two, four, or eight sockets through use of the Quick Path Interconnect bus.
Some shortcomings that make Xeon processors unsuitable for most consumer-grade desktop PCs include lower clock rates at the same price point (since servers run more tasks in parallel than desktops, core counts are more important than clock rates), usually an absence of an integrated GPU, and lack of support for overclocking. Despite such disadvantages, Xeon processors have always had popularity among desktop users (primarily gamers, and extreme users), mainly due to higher core count | 23,656 |
269920 | Xeon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xeon | Xeon
potential, and higher performance to price ratio vs. the Core i7 in terms of total computing power of all cores. Since most Intel Xeon CPUs lack an integrated GPU, systems built with those processors require a discrete graphics card or a separate GPU if computer monitor output is desired.
Intel Xeon is a distinct product line from the similarly-named Intel Xeon Phi. The first-generation Xeon Phi is a completely different type of device more comparable to a graphics card; it is designed for a PCI Express slot and is meant to be used as a multi-core coprocessor, like the Nvidia Tesla. In the second generation, Xeon Phi evolved into a main processor more similar to the Xeon. It conforms to the | 23,657 |
269920 | Xeon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xeon | Xeon
same socket as a Xeon processor and is x86-compatible; however, as compared to Xeon, the design point of the Xeon Phi emphasizes more cores with higher memory bandwidth.
# Overview.
The "Xeon" brand has been maintained over several generations of IA-32 and x86-64 processors. Older models added the "Xeon" moniker to the end of the name of their corresponding desktop processor, but more recent models used the name "Xeon" on its own. The "Xeon" CPUs generally have more cache than their desktop counterparts in addition to multiprocessing capabilities.
# P6-based Xeon.
## Pentium II Xeon.
The first Xeon-branded processor was the Pentium II Xeon (code-named "Drake"). It was released in 1998, | 23,658 |
269920 | Xeon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xeon | Xeon
replacing the Pentium Pro in Intel's server lineup. The Pentium II Xeon was a ""Deschutes"" Pentium II (and shared the same product code: 80523) with a full-speed 512 kB, 1 MB, or 2 MB L2 cache. The L2 cache was implemented with custom 512 kB SRAMs developed by Intel. The number of SRAMs depended on the amount of cache. A 512 kB configuration required one SRAM, a 1 MB configuration: two SRAMs, and a 2 MB configuration: four SRAMs on both sides of the PCB. Each SRAM was a 12.90 mm by 17.23 mm (222.21 mm²) die fabricated in a 0.35 µm four-layer metal CMOS process and packaged in a cavity-down wire-bonded land grid array (LGA). The additional cache required a larger module and thus the Pentium | 23,659 |
269920 | Xeon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xeon | Xeon
II Xeon used a larger slot, Slot 2. It was supported by the 440GX dual-processor workstation chipset and the 450NX quad- or octo-processor chipset.
## Pentium III Xeon.
In 1999, the Pentium II Xeon was replaced by the Pentium III Xeon. Reflecting the incremental changes from the Pentium II ""Deschutes"" core to the Pentium III ""Katmai"" core, the first Pentium III Xeon, named "Tanner", was just like its predecessor except for the addition of Streaming SIMD Extensions (SSE) and a few cache controller improvements. The product codes for Tanner mirrored that of "Katmai"; 80525.
The second version, named "Cascades", was based on the Pentium III ""Coppermine"" core. The "Cascades" Xeon used a | 23,660 |
269920 | Xeon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xeon | Xeon
133 MHz bus and relatively small 256 kB on-die L2 cache resulting in almost the same capabilities as the Slot 1 "Coppermine" processors, which were capable of dual-processor operation but not quad-processor operation.
To improve this situation, Intel released another version, officially also named "Cascades", but often referred to as "Cascades 2 MB". That came in two variants: with 1 MB or 2 MB of L2 cache. Its bus speed was fixed at 100 MHz, though in practice the cache was able to offset this. The product code for Cascades mirrored that of "Coppermine"; 80526.
# Netburst-based Xeon.
## Xeon (DP) & Xeon MP (32-bit).
### Foster.
In mid-2001, the Xeon brand was introduced ("Pentium" was | 23,661 |
269920 | Xeon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xeon | Xeon
dropped from the name). The initial variant that used the new NetBurst microarchitecture, "Foster", was slightly different from the desktop Pentium 4 (""Willamette""). It was a decent chip for workstations, but for server applications it was almost always outperformed by the older Cascades cores with a 2 MB L2 cache and AMD's Athlon MP. Combined with the need to use expensive Rambus Dynamic RAM, the Foster's sales were somewhat unimpressive.
At most two Foster processors could be accommodated in a symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) system built with a mainstream chipset, so a second version (Foster MP) was introduced with a 1 MB L3 cache and the Jackson Hyper-Threading capacity. This improved | 23,662 |
269920 | Xeon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xeon | Xeon
performance slightly, but not enough to lift it out of third place. It was also priced much higher than the dual-processor (DP) versions. The "Foster" shared the 80528 product code with Willamette.
### Prestonia.
In 2002 Intel released a 130 nm version of Xeon branded CPU, codenamed "Prestonia". It supported Intel's new Hyper-Threading technology and had a 512 kB L2 cache. This was based on the ""Northwood"" Pentium 4 core. A new server chipset, E7500 (which allowed the use of dual-channel DDR SDRAM), was released to support this processor in servers, and soon the bus speed was boosted to 533 MT/s (accompanied by new chipsets: the E7501 for servers and the E7505 for workstations). The "Prestonia" | 23,663 |
269920 | Xeon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xeon | Xeon
performed much better than its predecessor and noticeably better than Athlon MP. The support of new features in the E75xx series also gave it a key advantage over the Pentium III Xeon and Athlon MP branded CPUs (both stuck with rather old chipsets), and it quickly became the top-selling server/workstation processor.
## "Gallatin".
Subsequent to the "Prestonia" was the "Gallatin", which had an L3 cache of 1 MB or 2 MB. Its Xeon MP version also performed much better than the "Foster MP", and was popular in servers. Later experience with the 130 nm process allowed Intel to create the Xeon MP branded "Gallatin" with 4 MB cache. The Xeon branded "Prestonia" and "Gallatin" were designated 80532, | 23,664 |
269920 | Xeon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xeon | Xeon
like Northwood.
## Xeon (DP) & Xeon MP (64-bit).
### Nocona and Irwindale.
Due to a lack of success with Intel's Itanium and Itanium 2 processors, AMD was able to introduce x86-64, a 64-bit extension to the x86 architecture. Intel followed suit by including Intel 64 (formerly EM64T; it is almost identical to AMD64) in
the 90 nm version of the Pentium 4 (""Prescott""), and a Xeon version codenamed "Nocona" with 1 MB L2 cache was released in 2004. Released with it were the E7525 (workstation), E7520 and E7320 (both server) chipsets, which added support for PCI Express, DDR-II and Serial ATA. The Xeon was noticeably slower than AMD's Opteron, although it could be faster in situations where | 23,665 |
269920 | Xeon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xeon | Xeon
Hyper-Threading came into play.
A slightly updated core called "Irwindale" was released in early 2005, with 2 MB L2 cache and the ability to have its clock speed reduced during low processor demand. Although it was a bit more competitive than the "Nocona" had been, independent tests showed that AMD's Opteron still outperformed "Irwindale". Both of these Prescott-derived Xeons have the product code 80546.
### Cranford and Potomac.
64-bit Xeon MPs were introduced in April 2005. The cheaper "Cranford" was an MP version of "Nocona", while the more expensive "Potomac" was a "Cranford" with 8 MB of L3 cache. Like Nocona and Irwindale, they also have product code 80546.
## Dual-Core Xeon.
### | 23,666 |
269920 | Xeon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xeon | Xeon
"Paxville DP".
The first dual-core CPU branded Xeon, codenamed Paxville DP, product code 80551, was released by Intel on October 10, 2005. Paxville DP had NetBurst microarchitecture, and was a dual-core equivalent of the single-core Irwindale (related to the Pentium D branded "Smithfield") with 4 MB of L2 Cache (2 MB per core). The only Paxville DP model released ran at 2.8 GHz, featured an 800 MT/s front side bus, and was produced using a 90 nm process.
### 7000-series "Paxville MP".
An MP-capable version of Paxville DP, codenamed Paxville MP, product code 80560, was released on November 1, 2005. There are two versions: one with 2 MB of L2 Cache (1 MB per core), and one with 4 MB of L2 (2 MB | 23,667 |
269920 | Xeon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xeon | Xeon
per core). Paxville MP, called the dual-core Xeon 7000-series, was produced using a 90 nm process. Paxville MP clock ranges between 2.67 GHz and 3.0 GHz (model numbers 7020–7041), with some models having a 667 MT/s FSB, and others having an 800 MT/s FSB.
### 7100-series "Tulsa".
Released on August 29, 2006, the 7100 series, codenamed Tulsa (product code 80550), is an improved version of Paxville MP, built on a 65 nm process, with 2 MB of L2 cache (1 MB per core) and up to 16 MB of L3 cache. It uses Socket 604. Tulsa was released in two lines: the N-line uses a 667 MT/s FSB, and the M-line uses an 800 MT/s FSB. The N-line ranges from 2.5 GHz to 3.5 GHz (model numbers 7110N-7150N), and the M-line | 23,668 |
269920 | Xeon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xeon | Xeon
ranges from 2.6 GHz to 3.4 GHz (model numbers 7110M-7140M). L3 cache ranges from 4 MB to 16 MB across the models.
### 5000-series "Dempsey".
On May 23, 2006, Intel released the dual-core CPU (Xeon branded 5000 series) codenamed Dempsey (product code 80555). Released as the Dual-Core Xeon 5000-series, Dempsey is a NetBurst microarchitecture processor produced using a 65 nm process, and is virtually identical to Intel's "Presler" Pentium Extreme Edition, except for the addition of SMP support, which lets Dempsey operate in dual-processor systems. Dempsey ranges between 2.50 GHz and 3.73 GHz (model numbers 5020–5080). Some models have a 667 MT/s FSB, and others have a 1066 MT/s FSB. Dempsey has | 23,669 |
269920 | Xeon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xeon | Xeon
4 MB of L2 Cache (2 MB per core). A Medium Voltage model, at 3.2 GHz and 1066 MT/s FSB (model number 5063), has also been released. Dempsey also introduces a new interface for Xeon processors: LGA 771, also known as Socket J. Dempsey was the first Xeon core in a long time to be somewhat competitive with its Opteron-based counterparts, although it could not claim a decisive lead in any performance metric – that would have to wait for its successor, the Woodcrest.
# Pentium M (Yonah) based Xeon.
## LV (ULV), "Sossaman".
On March 14, 2006, Intel released a dual-core processor codenamed Sossaman and branded as "Xeon" LV (low-voltage). Subsequently, an ULV (ultra-low-voltage) version was released. | 23,670 |
269920 | Xeon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xeon | Xeon
The "Sossaman" was a low-/ultra-low-power and double-processor capable CPU (like AMD Quad FX), based on the ""Yonah"" processor, for ultradense non-consumer environment (i.e., targeted at the blade-server and embedded markets), and was rated at a thermal design power (TDP) of 31 W (LV: 1.66 GHz, 2 GHz and 2.16 GHz) and 15 W (ULV: 1.66 GHz). As such, it supported most of the same features as earlier Xeons: Virtualization Technology, 667 MT/s front side bus, and dual-core processing, but did not support 64-bit operations, so it could not run 64-bit server software, such as Microsoft Exchange Server 2007, and therefore was limited to 16 GB of memory. A planned successor, codenamed ""Merom MP"" | 23,671 |
269920 | Xeon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xeon | Xeon
was to be a drop-in upgrade to enable "Sossaman"-based servers to upgrade to 64-bit capability. However, this was abandoned in favour of low-voltage versions of the "Woodcrest LV" processor leaving the "Sossaman" at a dead-end with no upgrade path.
# Core-based Xeon.
## Dual-Core.
### 3000-series "Conroe".
The 3000 series, codenamed Conroe (product code 80557) dual-core Xeon (branded) CPU, released at the end of September 2006, was the first Xeon for single-CPU operation. The same processor is branded as Core 2 Duo or as Pentium Dual-Core and Celeron, with varying features disabled.
They use LGA 775 (Socket T), operate on a 1066 MHz front-side bus, support Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology | 23,672 |
269920 | Xeon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xeon | Xeon
and Intel Virtualization Technology but do not support Hyper-Threading. Conroe Processors with a number ending in "5" have a 1333 MT/s FSB.
- Models marked with a star are not present in Intel's database
### 3100-series "Wolfdale".
The 3100 series, codenamed Wolfdale (product code 80570) dual-core Xeon (branded) CPU, was just a rebranded version of the Intel's mainstream Core 2 Duo E7000/E8000 and Pentium Dual-Core E5000 processors, featuring the same 45 nm process and 6 MB of L2 cache. Unlike most Xeon processors, they only support single-CPU operation. They use LGA 775 (Socket T), operate on a 1333 MHz front-side bus, support Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology and Intel Virtualization | 23,673 |
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Technology but do not support Hyper-Threading.
### 5100-series "Woodcrest".
On June 26, 2006, Intel released the dual-core CPU (Xeon branded 5100 series) codenamed Woodcrest (product code 80556); it was the first Intel Core microarchitecture processor to be launched on the market. It is a server and workstation version of the Intel Core 2 processor. Intel claims that it provides an 80% boost in performance, while reducing power consumption by 20% relative to the Pentium D.
Most models have a 1333 MT/s FSB, except for the 5110 and 5120, which have a 1066 MT/s FSB. The fastest processor (5160) operates at 3.0 GHz. All Woodcrests use LGA 771 and all except two models have a TDP of 65 W. The | 23,674 |
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5160 has a TDP of 80 W and the 5148LV (2.33 GHz) has a TDP of 40 W. The previous generation Xeons had a TDP of 130 W. All models support Intel 64 (Intel's x86-64 implementation), the XD bit, and Virtualization Technology, with the Demand-based switching power management option only on Dual-Core Xeon 5140 or above. Woodcrest has 4 MB of shared L2 Cache.
### 5200-series "Wolfdale-DP".
On November 11, 2007, Intel released the dual-core CPU (Xeon branded 5200 series) codenamed Wolfdale-DP (product code 80573). It is built on a 45 nm process like the desktop Core 2 Duo and Xeon-SP Wolfdale, featuring Intel 64 (Intel's x86-64 implementation), the XD bit, and Virtualization Technology. It is unclear | 23,675 |
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whether the Demand-based switching power management is available on the L5238. Wolfdale has 6 MB of shared L2 Cache.
### 7200-series "Tigerton".
The 7200 series, codenamed Tigerton (product code 80564) is an MP-capable processor, similar to the 7300 series, but, in contrast, only one core is active on each silicon chip and the other one is disabled, resulting in a dual-core processor.
## Quad-Core and Multi-Core Xeon.
### 3200-series "Kentsfield".
Intel released relabeled versions of its quad-core (2×2) Core 2 Quad processor as the Xeon 3200-series (product code 80562) on January 7, 2007. The 2 × 2 "quad-core" (dual-die dual-core) comprised two separate dual-core die next to each other | 23,676 |
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in one CPU package. The models are the X3210, X3220 and X3230, running at 2.13 GHz, 2.4 GHz and 2.66 GHz, respectively. Like the 3000-series, these models only support single-CPU operation and operate on a 1066 MHz front-side bus. It is targeted at the "blade" market. The X3220 is also branded and sold as Core2 Quad Q6600, the X3230 as Q6700.
### 3300-series "Yorkfield".
Intel released relabeled versions of its quad-core Core 2 Quad Yorkfield Q9300, Q9400, Q9x50 and QX9770 processors as the Xeon 3300-series (product code 80569). This processor comprises two separate dual-core dies next to each other in one CPU package and manufactured in a 45 nm process. The models are the X3320, X3330, X3350, | 23,677 |
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X3360, X3370 and X3380, being rebadged Q9300, Q9400, Q9450, Q9550, Q9650, QX9770, running at 2.50 GHz, 2.66 GHz, 2.66 GHz, 2.83 GHz, 3.0 GHz, and 3.16 GHz, respectively. The L2 cache is a unified 6 MB per die (except for the X3320 and X3330 with a smaller 3 MB L2 cache per die), and a front-side bus of 1333 MHz. All models feature Intel 64 (Intel's x86-64 implementation), the XD bit, and Virtualization Technology, as well as Demand-based switching.
The Yorkfield-CL (product code 80584) variant of these processors are X3323, X3353 and X3363. They have a reduced TDP of 80W and are made for single-CPU LGA 771 systems instead of LGA 775, which is used in all other Yorkfield processors. In all other | 23,678 |
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respects, they are identical to their Yorkfield counterparts.
### 5300-series "Clovertown".
A quad-core (2×2) successor of the Woodcrest for DP segment, consisting of two dual-core Woodcrest chips in one package similarly to the dual-core Pentium D branded CPUs (two single-core chips) or the quad-core Kentsfield. All Clovertowns use the LGA 771 package. The Clovertown has been usually implemented with two Woodcrest dies on a multi-chip module, with 8 MB of L2 cache (4 MB per die). Like Woodcrest, lower models use a 1066 MT/s FSB, and higher models use a 1333 MT/s FSB. Intel released Clovertown, product code 80563, on November 14, 2006 with models E5310, E5320, E5335, E5345, and X5355, ranging | 23,679 |
269920 | Xeon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xeon | Xeon
from 1.6 GHz to 2.66 GHz. All models support: MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, Intel 64, XD bit (an NX bit implementation), Intel VT. The E and X designations are borrowed from Intel's Core 2 model numbering scheme; an ending of -0 implies a 1066 MT/s FSB, and an ending of -5 implies a 1333 MT/s FSB. All models have a TDP of 80 W with the exception of the X5355, which has a TDP of 120 W, and the X5365, which has a TDP of 150 W. A low-voltage version of Clovertown with a TDP of 50 W has a model numbers L5310, L5320 and L5335 (1.6 GHz, 1.86 GHz and 2.0 GHz respectively). The 3.0 GHz X5365 arrived in July 2007, and became available in the Apple Mac Pro on April 4, 2007. The X5365 performs up to around | 23,680 |
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38 GFLOPS in the LINPACK benchmark.
### 5400-series "Harpertown".
On November 11, 2007 Intel presented Yorkfield-based Xeons – called Harpertown (product code 80574) – to the public. This family consists of dual die quad-core CPUs manufactured on a 45 nm process and featuring 1066 MHz, 1333 MHz, 1600 MHz front-side buses, with TDP rated from 40 W to 150 W depending on the model. These processors fit in the LGA 771 package. All models feature Intel 64 (Intel's x86-64 implementation), the XD bit, and Virtualization Technology. All except the E5405 and L5408 also feature Demand-based switching.
The supplementary character in front of the model-number represents the thermal rating: an L depicts | 23,681 |
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a TDP of 40 W or 50 W, an E depicts 80 W whereas an X is 120 W TDP or above. The speed of 3.00 GHz comes as four models, two models with 80 W TDP two other models with 120 W TDP with 1333 MHz or 1600 MHz front-side bus respectively. The fastest Harpertown is the X5492 whose TDP of 150 W is higher than those of the Prescott-based Xeon DP but having twice as many cores. (The X5482 is also sold under the name "Core 2 Extreme QX9775" for use in the Intel Skulltrail system.)
Intel 1600 MHz front-side bus Xeon processors will drop into the Intel 5400 (Seaburg) chipset whereas several mainboards featuring the Intel 5000/5200-chipset are enabled to run the processors with a 1333 MHz front-side bus | 23,682 |
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speed. Seaburg features support for dual slots and up to 128 GB of memory.
### 7300-series "Tigerton".
The 7300 series, codenamed Tigerton (product code 80565) is a four-socket (packaged in Socket 604) and more capable quad-core processor, consisting of two dual core Core2 architecture silicon chips on a single ceramic module, similar to Intel's Xeon 5300 series Clovertown processor modules.
The 7300 series uses Intel's Caneland (Clarksboro) platform.
Intel claims the 7300 series Xeons offer more than twice the performance per watt as Intel's previous generation 7100 series. The 7300 series' Caneland chipset provides a point to point interface allowing the full front side bus bandwidth per | 23,683 |
269920 | Xeon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xeon | Xeon
processor.
The 7xxx series is aimed at the large server market, supporting configurations of up to 32 CPUs per host.
### 7400-series "Dunnington".
Dunnington – the last CPU of the Penryn generation and Intel's first multi-core (above two) die – features a single-die six- (or "hexa-") core design with three unified 3 MB L2 caches (resembling three merged 45 nm dual-core Wolfdale dies), and 96 kB L1 cache (Data) and 16 MB of L3 cache. It features 1066 MHz FSB, fits into the Tigerton's mPGA604 socket, and is compatible with both the Intel Caneland and IBM X4 chipsets. These processors support DDR2-1066 (533 MHz), and have a maximum TDP below 130 W. They are intended for blades and other stacked | 23,684 |
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computer systems. Availability was scheduled for the second half of 2008. It was followed shortly by the Nehalem microarchitecture. Total transistor count is 1.9 billion.
Announced on September 15, 2008.
# Nehalem-based Xeon.
## 3400-series "Lynnfield".
Xeon 3400-series processors based on Lynnfield fill the gap between the previous 3300-series "Yorkfield" processors and the newer 3500-series "Bloomfield". Like Bloomfield, they are quad-core single-package processors based on the Nehalem microarchitecture, but were introduced almost a year later, in September 2009. The same processors are marketed for mid-range to high-end desktops systems as Core i5 and Core i7. They have two integrated | 23,685 |
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memory channels as well as PCI Express and Direct Media Interface (DMI) links, but no QuickPath Interconnect (QPI) interface.
## 3400-series "Clarkdale".
At low end of the 3400-series is not a Lynnfield but a Clarkdale processor, which is also used in the Core i3-500 and Core i5-600 processors as well as the Celeron G1000 and G6000 Pentium series. A single model was released in March 2010, the Xeon L3406. Compared to all other Clarkdale-based products, this one does not support integrated graphics, but has a much lower thermal design power of just 30 W. Compared to the Lynnfield-based Xeon 3400 models, it only offers two cores.
## 3500-series "Bloomfield".
Bloomfield is the codename for | 23,686 |
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the successor to the Xeon Core microarchitecture, is based on the Nehalem microarchitecture and uses the same 45 nm manufacturing methods as Intel's Penryn. The first processor released with the Nehalem architecture is the desktop Intel Core i7, which was released in November 2008. This is the server version for single CPU systems.
This is a single-socket Intel Xeon processor.
The performance improvements over previous Xeon processors are based mainly on:
- Integrated memory controller supporting three memory channels of DDR3 UDIMM (Unbuffered) or RDIMM (Registered)
- A new point-to-point processor interconnect "QuickPath", replacing the legacy front side bus
- Simultaneous multithreading | 23,687 |
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by multiple cores and hyper-threading (2× per core).
## 5500-series "Gainestown".
Gainestown or Nehalem-EP, the successor to the Xeon Core microarchitecture, is based on the Nehalem microarchitecture and uses the same 45 nm manufacturing methods as Intel's Penryn. The first processor released with the Nehalem microarchitecture is the desktop Intel Core i7, which was released in November 2008. Server processors of the Xeon 55xx range were first supplied to testers in December 2008.
The performance improvements over previous Xeon processors are based mainly on:
- Integrated memory controller supporting three memory channels of DDR3 SDRAM.
- A new point-to-point processor interconnect "QuickPath", | 23,688 |
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replacing the legacy front side bus. Gainestown has two QuickPath interfaces.
- Hyper-threading (2× per core, starting from 5518), that was already present in pre-Core Duo processors.
## C3500/C5500-series "Jasper Forest".
Jasper Forest is a Nehalem-based embedded processor with PCI Express connections on-die, core counts from 1 to 4 cores and power envelopes from 23 to 85 watts.
The uni-processor version without QPI comes as LC35xx and EC35xx, while the dual-processor version is sold as LC55xx and EC55xx and uses QPI for communication between the processors. Both versions use a DMI link to communicate with the 3420 that is also used in the 3400-series Lynfield Xeon processors, but use an | 23,689 |
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LGA 1366 package that is otherwise used for processors with QPI but no DMI or PCI Express links. The CPUID code of both Lynnfield and Jasper forest is 106Ex, i.e., family 6, model 30.
The Celeron P1053 belongs into the same family as the LC35xx series, but lacks some RAS features that are present in the Xeon version.
## 3600/5600-series "Gulftown" & "Westmere-EP".
Gulftown or Westmere-EP, a six-core 32 nm architecture Westmere-based processor, is the basis for the Xeon 36xx and 56xx series and the Core i7-980X. It launched in the first quarter of 2010. The 36xx-series follows the 35xx-series Bloomfield uni-processor model while the 56xx-series follows the 55xx-series Gainestown dual-processor | 23,690 |
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model and both are socket compatible to their predecessors.
## 6500/7500-series "Beckton".
Beckton or Nehalem-EX (EXpandable server market) is a Nehalem-based processor with up to eight cores and uses buffering inside the chipset to support up to 16 standard DDR3 DIMMS per CPU socket without requiring the use of FB-DIMMS. Unlike all previous Xeon MP processors, Nehalem-EX uses the new LGA 1567 package, replacing the Socket 604 used in the previous models, up to Xeon 7400 "Dunnington". The 75xx models have four QuickPath interfaces, so it can be used in up-to eight-socket configurations, while the 65xx models are only for up to two sockets. Designed by the Digital Enterprise Group (DEG) Santa | 23,691 |
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Clara and Hudson Design Teams, Beckton is manufactured on the P1266 (45 nm) technology. Its launch in March 2010 coincided with that of its direct competitor, AMD's Opteron 6xxx "Magny-Cours".
Most models limit the number of cores and QPI links as well as the L3 Cache size in order to get a broader range of products out of the single chip design.
## E7-x8xx-series "Westmere-EX".
Westmere-EX is the follow-on to Beckton/Nehalem-EX and the first Intel Chip to have ten CPU cores. The microarchitecture is the same as in the six-core Gulftown/Westmere-EP processor, but it uses the LGA 1567 package like Beckton to support up to eight sockets.
Starting with Westmere-EX, the naming scheme has changed | 23,692 |
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once again, with "E7-xxxx" now signifying the high-end line of Xeon processors using a package that supports larger than two-CPU configurations, formerly the 7xxx series. Similarly, the 3xxx uniprocessor and 5xxx dual-processor series turned into E3-xxxx and E5-xxxx, respectively, for later processors.
# Sandy Bridge– and Ivy Bridge–based Xeon.
## E3-12xx-series "Sandy Bridge".
The Xeon E3-12xx line of processors, introduced in April 2011, uses the Sandy Bridge chips that are also the base for the Core i3/i5/i7-2xxx and Celeron/Pentium Gxxx products using the same LGA 1155 socket, but with a different set of features disabled. Notably, the Xeon variants include support for ECC memory, VT-d | 23,693 |
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and trusted execution that are not present on the consumer models, while only some Xeon E3 enable the integrated GPU that is present on Sandy Bridge. Like its Xeon 3400-series predecessors, the Xeon E3 only supports operation with a single CPU socket and is targeted at entry-level workstations and servers. The CPUID of this processor is 0206A7h, the product code is 80623.
## E3-12xx v2-series "Ivy Bridge".
Xeon E3-12xx v2 is a minor update of the Sandy Bridge-based E3-12xx, using the 22 nm shrink, and providing slightly better performance while remaining backwards compatible. They were released in May 2012 and mirror the desktop Core i3/i5/i7-3xxx parts.
## E5-14xx/24xx series "Sandy Bridge-EN" | 23,694 |
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and E5-16xx/26xx/46xx-series "Sandy Bridge-EP".
The Xeon E5-16xx processors follow the previous Xeon 3500/3600-series products as the high-end single-socket platform, using the LGA 2011 package introduced with this processor. They share the Sandy Bridge-E platform with the single-socket Core i7-38xx and i7-39xx processors. The CPU chips have no integrated GPU but eight CPU cores, some of which are disabled in the entry-level products. The Xeon E5-26xx line has the same features but also enables multi-socket operation like the earlier Xeon 5000-series and Xeon 7000-series processors.
## E5-14xx v2/24xx v2 series "Ivy Bridge-EN" and E5-16xx v2/26xx v2/46xx v2 series "Ivy Bridge-EP".
The Xeon | 23,695 |
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E5 v2 line was an update, released in September 2013 to replace the original Xeon E5 processors with a variant based on the Ivy Bridge shrink. The maximum number of CPU cores was raised to 12 per processor module and the total L3 cache was upped to 30 MB.
The consumer version of the Xeon E5-16xx v2 processor is the Core i7-48xx and 49xx.
## E7-28xx v2/48xx v2/88xx v2 series "Ivy Bridge-EX".
The Xeon E7 v2 line was an update, released in February 2014 to replace the original Xeon E7 processors with a variant based on the Ivy Bridge shrink. There was no Sandy Bridge version of these processors.
# Haswell-based Xeon.
## E3-12xx v3 series "Haswell-WS".
Introduced in May 2013, Xeon E3-12xx v3 | 23,696 |
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is the first Xeon series based on the Haswell microarchitecture. It uses the new LGA 1150 socket, which was introduced with the desktop Core i5/i7 Haswell processors, incompatible with the LGA 1155 that was used in Xeon E3 and E3 v2. As before, the main difference between the desktop and server versions is added support for ECC memory in the Xeon-branded parts. The main benefit of the new microarchitecture is better power efficiency.
## E5-16xx/26xx v3 series "Haswell-EP".
Introduced in September 2014, Xeon E5-16xx v3 and Xeon E5-26xx v3 series use the new LGA 2011-v3 socket, which is incompatible with the LGA 2011 socket used by earlier Xeon E5 and E5 v2 generations based on Sandy Bridge | 23,697 |
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and Ivy Bridge microarchitectures. Some of the main benefits of this generation, compared to the previous one, are improved power efficiency, higher core counts, and bigger last level caches (LLCs). Following the already used nomenclature, Xeon E5-26xx v3 series allows dual-socket operation.
One of the new features of this generation is that Xeon E5 v3 models with more than 10 cores support cluster on die (COD) operation mode, allowing CPU's multiple columns of cores and LLC slices to be logically divided into what is presented as two non-uniform memory access (NUMA) CPUs to the operating system. By keeping data and instructions local to the "partition" of CPU which is processing them, thus | 23,698 |
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decreasing the LLC access latency, COD brings performance improvements to NUMA-aware operating systems and applications.
## E7-48xx/88xx v3 series "Haswell-EX".
Introduced in May 2015, Xeon E7-48xx v3 and Xeon E7-88xx v3 series provide higher core counts, higher per-core performance and improved reliability features, compared to the previous Xeon E7 v2 generation. Following the usual SKU nomenclature, Xeon E7-48xx v3 and E7-88xx v3 series allow multi-socket operation, supporting up to quad- and eight-socket configurations, respectively. These processors use the LGA 2011 (R1) socket.
Xeon E7-48xx v3 and E7-88xx v3 series contain a quad-channel integrated memory controller (IMC), supporting | 23,699 |
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