wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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269945 | American paddlefish | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20paddlefish | American paddlefish
River south to its mouth, from the San Jacinto River in the southwest to the Tombigbee and Alabama rivers of the southeast. They were extirpated from New York, Maryland and Pennsylvania, as well as from much of their peripheral range in the Great Lakes region, including Lake Huron and Lake Helen in ... | 23,800 |
269945 | American paddlefish | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20paddlefish | American paddlefish
historic range. Reports of free ranging adults captured by gill nets have since been documented in Pennsylvania and New York, but there is no evidence of natural reproduction. They are currently found in 22 states in the US, and are protected under state and federal laws. There are 13 states that al... | 23,801 |
269945 | American paddlefish | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20paddlefish | American paddlefish
the catalyst for further development of culture techniques for aquaculture in the United States. Artificial propagation requires broodstock which, because of the late sexual maturation of American paddlefish, are initially obtained from the wild and brought into a hatchery environment. The fish are ... | 23,802 |
269945 | American paddlefish | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20paddlefish | American paddlefish
ova staging is performed. The process begins with a minor procedure that involves a small abdominal incision from which to extract a few sample oocytes. The oocytes are boiled in water for a few minutes until the yolk is hardened, and then they are cut in half to expose the nucleus. The exposed nucl... | 23,803 |
269945 | American paddlefish | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20paddlefish | American paddlefish
faster than hand stripping, suturing can be time consuming and the incision may result in muscular stress and poor suture retention which lowers survival rate; and (3) MIST, (minimally invasive surgical technique) which is the fastest of the three procedures because it requires less handling of the ... | 23,804 |
269945 | American paddlefish | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20paddlefish | American paddlefish
collected by inserting a short plastic tube with syringe attached into the urogenital opening of the male and applying light suction with the syringe to draw the milt. The collected milt is diluted in water just prior to adding it to the eggs and the combination is gently stirred for about a minute ... | 23,805 |
269945 | American paddlefish | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20paddlefish | American paddlefish
American paddlefish were stocked in several rivers in Europe and Asia. Introduction began when five thousand hatched larvae from Missouri hatcheries in the United States were exported to the former USSR for aquacultural utilization. Reproduction was successful in 1988 and 1989, and resulted in the e... | 23,806 |
269945 | American paddlefish | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20paddlefish | American paddlefish
hatcheries were first introduced into China. Since that time, China imports approximately 4.5million fertilized eggs and larvae every year from hatcheries in Russia and the United States. Some American paddlefish are polycultured in carp ponds and sold to restaurants while others are cultured for br... | 23,807 |
269945 | American paddlefish | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20paddlefish | American paddlefish
includes the following states as allowing American paddlefish sport fishing per their respective state and federal regulations: Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Montana, South Dakota and Tennessee. Since ... | 23,808 |
269945 | American paddlefish | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20paddlefish | American paddlefish
and measured long, and weighed an estimated .
# Population declines.
## Overfishing and habitat destruction.
American paddlefish populations have declined dramatically, primarily as a result of overfishing and habitat destruction. In 2004 they were listed as Vulnerable (VU A3de ver 3.1) on the IU... | 23,809 |
269945 | American paddlefish | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20paddlefish | American paddlefish
competitors or parasites." American paddlefish are filter-feeding pelagic fish that require large, free-flowing rivers with braided channels, backwater areas, oxbow lakes that are rich in zooplankton, and gravel bars for spawning. Series of dams on rivers such as those constructed on the Missouri Ri... | 23,810 |
269945 | American paddlefish | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20paddlefish | American paddlefish
mussel infestations in the Mississippi River, Great Lakes and other Midwest rivers are also negatively affecting American paddlefish populations. Zebra mussels are an invasive species well adapted for explosive population growth as a result of high rates of fecundity and recruitment. As filter feede... | 23,811 |
269945 | American paddlefish | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20paddlefish | American paddlefish
able to swim freely in the water column with other microscopic animals comprising zooplankton. Veligers are poor swimmers, making them susceptible to predation by any animal that feeds on zooplankton. However, natural predation of zebra mussels at any stage of development has not made a significant ... | 23,812 |
269945 | American paddlefish | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20paddlefish | American paddlefish
from the Caspian Sea, limiting U.S. sources of caviar. The most sought after caviar is produced by sturgeons in the Northern Caspian Sea, but overfishing and poaching have exhausted the supply. American sturgeon and paddlefish populations were targeted as likely substitutes.
The roe of American pad... | 23,813 |
269945 | American paddlefish | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American%20paddlefish | American paddlefish
the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). State and federal regulations restricting the harvest of American paddlefish populations in the wild, and the illegal trafficking of their roe are strictly enforced. Related violations such as the illegal transport of American paddlefish roe have resulted ... | 23,814 |
269960 | Heim ins Reich | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heim%20ins%20Reich | Heim ins Reich
Heim ins Reich
The Heim ins Reich (; meaning "back home to the Reich") was a foreign policy pursued by Adolf Hitler during World War II, beginning in 1938. The aim of Hitler's initiative was to convince all "Volksdeutsche" (ethnic Germans) who were living outside Nazi Germany (e.g. in Austria, Czechoslo... | 23,815 |
269960 | Heim ins Reich | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heim%20ins%20Reich | Heim ins Reich
were inhabited by significant German populations such as the Sudetenland, Danzig, and the south-eastern and north-eastern regions of Europe after October 6, 1939.
Implementation of the policy was managed by VOMI ("Hauptamt Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle" or "Main Welfare Office for Ethnic Germans"). As a st... | 23,816 |
269960 | Heim ins Reich | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heim%20ins%20Reich | Heim ins Reich
of Paris Peace Conference, 1919. Unlike the new sovereign states, Germany was not required to sign the Minority Treaties. Prior to the "Anschluss", a powerful radio transmitter in Munich bombarded Austria with propaganda of what Hitler had already done for Germany, and what he could do for his native hom... | 23,817 |
269960 | Heim ins Reich | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heim%20ins%20Reich | Heim ins Reich
Hitler's "latest stage in the progress of history."
Concurrent with annexations were the beginnings of attempts to ethnically cleanse non-Germans both from Germany and from the areas intended to be part of a "Greater Germany". Alternately, Hitler also made attempts to Germanize those who were considered... | 23,818 |
269960 | Heim ins Reich | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heim%20ins%20Reich | Heim ins Reich
targets of the Germanization, and the citizens of Luxembourg voted in a 1941 referendum up to 97% against becoming citizens of Nazi Germany.
Propaganda was also directed to Germans outside Nazi Germany to return as regions, or as individuals from other regions. Hitler hoped to make full use of the "Germ... | 23,819 |
269960 | Heim ins Reich | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heim%20ins%20Reich | Heim ins Reich
propagandists. Newspapers in occupied Ukraine printed articles about antecedents of German rule over Ukraine, such as Catherine the Great and the Goths.
"Heim ins Reich" in Nazi terminology and propaganda also referred to former territories of the Holy Roman Empire. Joseph Goebbels described in his diar... | 23,820 |
269960 | Heim ins Reich | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heim%20ins%20Reich | Heim ins Reich
occupied Poland 1939–1944.
The same motto ("Heim ins Reich" ) was also applied to a second, closely related policy initiative which entailed the uprooting and relocation of ethnically German communities ("Volksdeutsche" ) from Central and Eastern European countries in the Soviet "sphere of influence", w... | 23,821 |
269960 | Heim ins Reich | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heim%20ins%20Reich | Heim ins Reich
For example, after the Soviets had assumed control of this territory, about 45,000 ethnic Germans had left Northern Bukovina by November 1940. (Stalin permitted this out of fear they would be loyal to Germany.)
In the Greater Poland ("Wielkopolska" ) region (joined together with the Łódź district and du... | 23,822 |
269960 | Heim ins Reich | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heim%20ins%20Reich | Heim ins Reich
incorporated 350,000 such "ethnic Germans" and 1.7 million Poles deemed Germanizable, including between one and two hundred thousand children who had been taken from their parents (plus about 400,000 German settlers from the "Old Reich"). They were housed in farms left vacant by expulsion of the local Po... | 23,823 |
269960 | Heim ins Reich | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heim%20ins%20Reich | Heim ins Reich
for the ethnic German influx provided by Szobak, Łuczak, and a collective report, ranging from 404,612 (Szobak) to 631,500 (Łuczak). Anna Bramwell says 591,000 ethnic Germans moved into the annexed territories, and details the areas of colonists' origin as follows: 93,000 were from Bessarabia, 21,000 fro... | 23,824 |
269960 | Heim ins Reich | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heim%20ins%20Reich | Heim ins Reich
according to "Atlas Ziem Polski" citing a joint Polish–German scholarly publication on the aspect of population changes during the war Eberhardt estimates that the total influx from the Altreich was about 500,000 people. Duiker and Spielvogel note that up to two million Germans had been settled in pre-wa... | 23,825 |
269960 | Heim ins Reich | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heim%20ins%20Reich | Heim ins Reich
to 140,721; and in Inowrocław, from 956 to 10,713. In Warthegau, where most Germans were settled, the share of the German population increased from 6.6% in 1939 to 21.2% in 1943.
# See also.
- Areas annexed by Nazi Germany
- Expulsion of Poles by Nazi Germany
- Ethnic nationalism
- Irredentism
- "L... | 23,826 |
269960 | Heim ins Reich | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heim%20ins%20Reich | Heim ins Reich
zi Germany
- Ethnic nationalism
- Irredentism
- "Lebensraum"
- "Generalplan Ost"
- "Volksdeutsche"
- Final solution
- Holocaust
- Nazism
- Flight and expulsion of Germans after World War II
- "Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle"
# References.
Notes
Further reading
- R.L. Koehl "RKFDV: German Resett... | 23,827 |
270003 | OAV | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OAV | OAV
OAV
OAV may refer to:
- Original animated video
- Österreichischer Alpenverein (Austrian Alpine Club)
- Object–Agent–Verb (linguistic typology)
- Odour activity value, a measure of importance of a specific compound to the odour of a sample | 23,828 |
270001 | Viriconium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viriconium | Viriconium
Viriconium
Viriconium is a series of novels and stories written by M. John Harrison between 1971 and 1984, set in and around the fictional city of the same name.
In the first novel in the series, the city of Viriconium exists in a future Earth littered with the technological detritus of millennia (partly i... | 23,829 |
270001 | Viriconium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viriconium | Viriconium
of successors.
Both universal and in particular, the city has a shifting topography and history, and is sometimes known by names such as 'Uroconium' (though there does not seem to be any association with the old Roman town of Viroconium).
# "The Pastel City".
The first Viriconium novel, "The Pastel City" ... | 23,830 |
270001 | Viriconium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viriconium | Viriconium
automatons known as the "geteit chemosit" from Earth's past.
The decadence Harrison describes is reminiscent of Michael Moorcock's vision of the far future in "The End of All Songs". David Pringle wrote of the novel: "This is a sword-and-sorcery tale, yet it borders on sf by virtue of its distant future set... | 23,831 |
270001 | Viriconium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viriconium | Viriconium
like elegantly crafted, elegantly written sword and sorcery, this book is all you could ask for."
# "A Storm of Wings".
The more complex second novel of the Viriconium sequence, which is also borderline sf, is "A Storm of Wings" (1980). It is set eighty years later than "The Pastel City" and stylistically ... | 23,832 |
270001 | Viriconium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viriconium | Viriconium
show the extent of the disaster. The story is told through both human and alien points of view and perceptions. The main characters are a resurrected man, an assassin, a magician, a madwoman, and Tomb, the Iron Dwarf. Harrison depicts the workings of civilization on the verge of collapse and the heroic effor... | 23,833 |
270001 | Viriconium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viriconium | Viriconium
plague, her friend Ashlyme tries to save her. It is a desperate, misconceived enterprise which draws Ashlyme into unwilling alliance with the sinister dwarf The Grand Cairo, and which goes bizarrely wrong. Yet out of the shambles comes the clue to lifting the plague, which symbolises a paralysis of will.
Wh... | 23,834 |
270001 | Viriconium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viriconium | Viriconium
after cards of an imaginary Tarot. Resonances in the text include the art of Aubrey Beardsley, post-Impressionist art, Mervyn Peake and Wyndham Lewis.
# Short stories.
The short fiction of the Viriconium sequence replays the attrition of the novels; finally, in "A Young Man's Journey to Viriconium" (later ... | 23,835 |
270001 | Viriconium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viriconium | Viriconium
of various stories (the number varies depending whether one considers the Ace 1984 edition or the Gollancz 1985 edition). All are vignettes of night life in the Pastel City.
In "The Lamia and Lord Cromis", tegeus-Cromis (who recurs in "Lords of Misrule" and is the protagonist of "The Pastel City"), a dwarf,... | 23,836 |
270001 | Viriconium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viriconium | Viriconium
the badly-functioning power knife gives off floating motes which harm the wielder. (In this, Harrison invents his own variant of Moorcock's soul-draining magic swords in the Elric stories). The Queen is the grotesque Mammy Vooley, whose "body was like a long ivory pole about which they had draped the faded p... | 23,837 |
270001 | Viriconium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viriconium | Viriconium
the broad wastes south and west of Viriconium, and petitions the Queen to allow him to keep the power knife so he may defend himself against his enemies. When she refuses, he uses the knife to cut off her hand, and flees, hunted through the city by various factions of "aristocratic thugs" such as the Locust ... | 23,838 |
270001 | Viriconium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viriconium | Viriconium
to bury a body with a fish-mask on its head. Retz steals the clothes and mask from the body and continues on his way.
In "The Luck in the Head", in the Artists' Quarter, the poet Ardwick Crome has been having a recurring dream about a ceremony called "the Luck in the Head." He wants these disturbing dreams ... | 23,839 |
270001 | Viriconium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viriconium | Viriconium
the motif of the Mari Lwyd is central. This story looks at the city of Viriconium from the perspective of outsiders who know that those who go there either are, or will become, decadent and self-absorbed.
In "The Dancer From the Dance" the ballerina Vera Ghillera from "Strange Great Sins" visits Allman's He... | 23,840 |
270001 | Viriconium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viriconium | Viriconium
house where the Yule Greave, formerly a fighter with the Feverfew Anschluss faction of Viriconium, and his wife, live with their young servant Ringmer. An unidentified enemy is gradually encroaching on the country lands and Cromis appears to be surveying their progress. During his visit, he is shown one of t... | 23,841 |
270001 | Viriconium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viriconium | Viriconium
The US first edition (Doubleday, 1980) is dedicated to Harlan Ellison. The Sphere 1980 edition is dedicated to various staff of Savoy Books including Michael Butterworth, John Mottershead and David Britton. The Unwin 1987 printing is dedicated to Christopher Fowler.
- "In Viriconium" (novel, 1982). The nove... | 23,842 |
270001 | Viriconium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viriconium | Viriconium
of the following stories in this order:
- "The Luck In the Head". This story was adapted as a graphic novel by illustrator Ian Miller and published by VG Graphics in 1991 (distributed in the US by Dark Horse Comics).
- "The Lamia & Lord Cromis"
- "Strange Great Sins"
- "Viriconium Knights"
- "The Dancer... | 23,843 |
270001 | Viriconium | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viriconium | Viriconium
he 1985 first edition. The omnibus has an introduction by Iain Banks.
All four works of the sequence were published in the U.K in a single omnibus volume called "Viriconium" in 2000. (Viriconium (2000 collection)). The stories are arranged in a different sequence (presumably chronological) which see the "Vi... | 23,844 |
269995 | Mirage Resorts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mirage%20Resorts | Mirage Resorts
Mirage Resorts
Mirage Resorts (formerly Golden Nugget Companies) was an American company that owned and operated hotel-casinos. It was acquired by MGM Grand, Inc. in 2000, forming MGM Mirage (now MGM Resorts International).
# History.
Golden Nugget Companies Inc. was formed by Steve Wynn in 1973. The ... | 23,845 |
269995 | Mirage Resorts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mirage%20Resorts | Mirage Resorts
and Casino.
In 1989, the company acquired the Nevada Club casino in Laughlin, Nevada, and re-branded it as the Golden Nugget Laughlin.
## The Mirage and Treasure Island (1990s).
Wynn's first major casino on the Las Vegas Strip was The Mirage, which opened in November 1989. It was the first time Wynn w... | 23,846 |
269995 | Mirage Resorts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mirage%20Resorts | Mirage Resorts
boom on the Strip. Its construction is also considered noteworthy in that Wynn had set a new standard for Vegas resorts, and when it opened The Mirage was the first casino to use security cameras full-time on all table games. Known for its entertainment, the hotel became the exclusive venue for the "Sieg... | 23,847 |
269995 | Mirage Resorts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mirage%20Resorts | Mirage Resorts
with Michael Milken.
After the Mirage, Wynn built the Treasure Island Hotel and Casino, which he opened in the Mirage's old parking lot in 1993, and overall cost $450 million. Intended to be family-friendly,the resort featured pools in front of the casino enacted the Battle of Buccaneer Bay with two ful... | 23,848 |
269995 | Mirage Resorts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mirage%20Resorts | Mirage Resorts
Resorts announced a partnership with Mirage Resorts to build a $250-million casino targeted at budget-conscious visitors, on part of the site of the demolished Dunes on the Las Vegas Strip.It ultimately opened in 1996, following Gold Strike's merger with Circus Circus Enterprises as Monte Carlo Resort an... | 23,849 |
269995 | Mirage Resorts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mirage%20Resorts | Mirage Resorts
company had also agreed to allow Circus Circus Enterprises and Boyd Gaming to build casinos on the site, but later reneged on the agreement. While the road, called the Atlantic City-Brigantine Connector, was eventually built, Le Jardin was cancelled after the company was acquired in 2000 by MGM Grand Inc... | 23,850 |
269995 | Mirage Resorts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mirage%20Resorts | Mirage Resorts
and construction was handled by Mirage Resorts, Inc. When built, the Bellagio was the most expensive hotel in the world. In front of the hotel are the Fountains of Bellagio—shooting fountains choreographed to music that “dance” on the hotel’s 8.5 acre man-made lake—which are now considered Las Vegas land... | 23,851 |
269995 | Mirage Resorts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mirage%20Resorts | Mirage Resorts
a building boom that established Biloxi as a regional tourism center along the Mississippi Gulf Coast. "Beau Rivage" was originally the name Wynn wanted to give the Bellagio, though he had decided on "Bellagio" after vacationing in the Italian region of the same name. Beau Rivage opened as the largest ho... | 23,852 |
269995 | Mirage Resorts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mirage%20Resorts | Mirage Resorts
any was acquired in 2000 by MGM Grand Inc., which then changed its name to MGM Mirage, for $6.4 billion, including $2 billion in assumed debt, after an initial all-cash offer of $17 and a final offer of $21. The company was majority owned by Wynn.
# Hotel and casinos owned at acquisition.
- Bellagio
-... | 23,853 |
269980 | Julian Schwinger | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julian%20Schwinger | Julian Schwinger
Julian Schwinger
Julian Seymour Schwinger (; February 12, 1918 – July 16, 1994) was a Nobel Prize winning American theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work on the theory of quantum electrodynamics (QED), in particular for developing a relativistically invariant perturbation theory, and for... | 23,854 |
269980 | Julian Schwinger | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julian%20Schwinger | Julian Schwinger
1+1 dimensions. He is responsible for the theory of multiple neutrinos, Schwinger terms, and the theory of the spin 3/2 field.
# Biography.
Julian Seymour Schwinger was born in New York City, to Jewish parents originally from Poland, Belle (née Rosenfeld) and Benjamin Schwinger, a garment manufacture... | 23,855 |
269980 | Julian Schwinger | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julian%20Schwinger | Julian Schwinger
he received his B.A. in 1936 and his Ph.D. (overseen by Isidor Isaac Rabi) in 1939 at the age of 21. He worked at the University of California, Berkeley (under J. Robert Oppenheimer), and was later appointed to a position at Purdue University.
## Career.
After having worked with Oppenheimer, Schwinge... | 23,856 |
269980 | Julian Schwinger | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julian%20Schwinger | Julian Schwinger
Higgins professor of physics at Harvard.
Schwinger developed an affinity for Green's functions from his radar work, and he used these methods to formulate quantum field theory in terms of local Green's functions in a relativistically invariant way. This allowed him to calculate unambiguously the first... | 23,857 |
269980 | Julian Schwinger | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julian%20Schwinger | Julian Schwinger
quantum field theory, by calculating the rate at which electron-positron pairs are created by tunneling in an electric field, a process now known as the "Schwinger effect". This effect could not be seen in any finite order in perturbation theory.
Schwinger's foundational work on quantum field theory c... | 23,858 |
269980 | Julian Schwinger | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julian%20Schwinger | Julian Schwinger
terms in various classical identities, because of short distance singularities. These were foundational results in field theory, instrumental for the proper understanding of anomalies.
In other notable early work, Rarita and Schwinger formulated the abstract Pauli and Fierz theory of the spin 3/2 fiel... | 23,859 |
269980 | Julian Schwinger | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julian%20Schwinger | Julian Schwinger
three light neutrinos; the third is the partner of the tau lepton.
In the 1960s, Schwinger formulated and analyzed what is now known as the Schwinger model, quantum electrodynamics in one space and one time dimension, the first example of a confining theory. He was also the first to suggest an electro... | 23,860 |
269980 | Julian Schwinger | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julian%20Schwinger | Julian Schwinger
of charge is small.
Having supervised 73 doctoral dissertations
, Schwinger is known as one of the most prolific graduate advisors in physics. Four of his students won Nobel prizes: Roy Glauber, Benjamin Roy Mottelson, Sheldon Glashow and Walter Kohn (in chemistry).
Schwinger had a mixed relationshi... | 23,861 |
269980 | Julian Schwinger | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julian%20Schwinger | Julian Schwinger
field theories. The source theory is a mathematically consistent field theory with clearly derived phenomenological results. The criticisms by his Harvard colleagues led Schwinger to leave the faculty in 1972 for UCLA. It is a story widely told that Steven Weinberg, who inherited Schwinger's paneled of... | 23,862 |
269980 | Julian Schwinger | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julian%20Schwinger | Julian Schwinger
Society after their refusal to publish his papers. He felt that cold fusion research was being suppressed and academic freedom violated. He wrote: "The pressure for conformity is enormous. I have experienced it in editors' rejection of submitted papers, based on venomous criticism of anonymous referees... | 23,863 |
269980 | Julian Schwinger | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julian%20Schwinger | Julian Schwinger
by experiments focuses on superheated gas inside the bubble as the source of the light.
Schwinger was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965 for his work on quantum electrodynamics (QED), along with Richard Feynman and Shin'ichirō Tomonaga. Schwinger's awards and honors were numerous even ... | 23,864 |
269980 | Julian Schwinger | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julian%20Schwinger | Julian Schwinger
generation, Richard Feynman. Schwinger was more formally inclined and favored symbolic manipulations in quantum field theory. He worked with local field operators, and found relations between them, and he felt that physicists should understand the algebra of local fields, no matter how paradoxical it w... | 23,865 |
269980 | Julian Schwinger | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julian%20Schwinger | Julian Schwinger
He went so far as to ban them altogether from his class, although he understood them perfectly well. The true difference is however deeper, and it was expressed by Schwinger in the following passage,
Despite sharing the Nobel Prize, Schwinger and Feynman had a different approach to quantum electrodyna... | 23,866 |
269980 | Julian Schwinger | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julian%20Schwinger | Julian Schwinger
died of pancreatic cancer. He is buried at Mount Auburn Cemetery; formula_1 is engraved above his name on his tombstone. These symbols refer to his calculation of the correction ("anomalous") to the magnetic moment of the electron.
# See also.
List of things named after Julian Schwinger
# Selected p... | 23,867 |
269980 | Julian Schwinger | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julian%20Schwinger | Julian Schwinger
Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission) (January 26, 1952).
- Schwinger, J. "The Theory of Quantized Fields. II", Harvard University, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission) (1951).
- Schwinger, J. "The Theory of Quantizied... | 23,868 |
269980 | Julian Schwinger | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julian%20Schwinger | Julian Schwinger
Harvard University, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission) (May 1953).
- Schwinger, J. "Einstein's Legacy" (1986). Scientific American Library.
# Further reading.
- Mehra, Jagdish, and Milton, Kimball A. (2000) "Climbing the Mountain: the scienti... | 23,869 |
269991 | Dale Murphy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dale%20Murphy | Dale Murphy
Dale Murphy
Dale Bryan Murphy (born March 12, 1956), is an American former professional baseball player. During an 18-year career in Major League Baseball (MLB) (–), he played as an outfielder, catcher, and first baseman for the Atlanta Braves, Philadelphia Phillies, and Colorado Rockies; Murphy is best no... | 23,870 |
269991 | Dale Murphy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dale%20Murphy | Dale Murphy
Sports Humanitarian Hall of Fame.
# Early life.
Dale Murphy was born in Portland, Oregon, on March 12, 1956 to parents Charles and Betty. He had a sister, Sue. Murphy played American Legion Baseball and attended Woodrow Wilson High School.
# Baseball.
## Playing career.
In 1976, Murphy began his major ... | 23,871 |
269991 | Dale Murphy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dale%20Murphy | Dale Murphy
play in the National League. Beginning in left field, he soon switched to center field, the position at which he would find his greatest success. By 1982, the most decorated year of Murphy's career, the former catcher had transformed himself into an All-Star MVP outfielder who appeared in each of Atlanta's ... | 23,872 |
269991 | Dale Murphy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dale%20Murphy | Dale Murphy
their dominance of the National League East, Murphy also made his only postseason appearance in 1982. Although he performed well, the eventual World Series-champion St. Louis Cardinals eliminated the Braves in the 1982 National League Championship Series. The league's most valuable player failed to translat... | 23,873 |
269991 | Dale Murphy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dale%20Murphy | Dale Murphy
MVP voting.
In 1988, however, despite being voted to what would be his final All-Star appearance, Murphy's production began an inexorable slide downward. Murphy saw his batting average free-fall from .295 in 1987 to .226 in 1988. Only once more, in 1991, would Murphy bat above .250. Once a consistent sourc... | 23,874 |
269991 | Dale Murphy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dale%20Murphy | Dale Murphy
season but only played 2 months of the regular 1993 season before he retired due to injury. During his last two years in the majors, Murphy's batting average lingered well beneath baseball's Mendoza Line (.200). (However, his entire 1992 season was spent on DL and Murphy only played 2 months of the 1993 sea... | 23,875 |
269991 | Dale Murphy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dale%20Murphy | Dale Murphy
All-Star appearances, five Gold Gloves, and four Silver Sluggers. Murphy led the National League in home runs and runs batted in (RBI) twice; he also led the major leagues in home runs and RBI over the 10-year span from 1981 to 1990.
One of the most productive and decorated players of the 1980s, Murphy led... | 23,876 |
269991 | Dale Murphy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dale%20Murphy | Dale Murphy
13, 1994, in his honor as opposed to that of even Babe Ruth, who wore Boston Braves number 3 during the partial season with which his career concluded. Murphy was inducted into both the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame and the Georgia Sports Hall of Fame in 1997.
## Public persona.
Murphy's clean-living habits ... | 23,877 |
269991 | Dale Murphy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dale%20Murphy | Dale Murphy
Murphy had been introduced to the LDS Church early in his career by teammate Barry Bonnell.
For several years the "Atlanta Constitution" ran a weekly column, wherein Murphy responded to young fans' questions and letters. In 1987 he shared "Sports Illustrated" magazine's "Sportsmen and Sportswomen of the Ye... | 23,878 |
269991 | Dale Murphy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dale%20Murphy | Dale Murphy
12, 1983, Murphy visited in the stands with Elizabeth Smith, a six-year-old girl who had lost both hands and a leg when she stepped on a live power line. After Murphy gave her a cap and a T shirt, her nurse innocently asked if he could hit a home run for Elizabeth. "I didn't know what to say, so I just sort... | 23,879 |
269991 | Dale Murphy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dale%20Murphy | Dale Murphy
Hall of Fame (1991 Induction).
## Hall of Fame candidacy.
Despite his reputation as a true five-tool superstar and multiple MVP awards, Murphy did not get elected to the Hall of Fame. He first appeared on the writers' ballot for the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1999, the earliest possible year of consideratio... | 23,880 |
269991 | Dale Murphy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dale%20Murphy | Dale Murphy
era".
Baseball writer Rob Neyer feels that the former MVP's candidacy has been hurt by a career that "got a late start and suffered an early end." Stuart Miller, baseball writer for "The New York Times", also notes the "sharp decline" in production that plagued Murphy after the age of 31 in arguing, "Playe... | 23,881 |
269991 | Dale Murphy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dale%20Murphy | Dale Murphy
it." James' "current metric for Hall induction was 300 Win Shares (a complex mathematical equation weighing what players contribute to their victories)..." Murphy stands at 253 Win Shares. James ranks eight Hall of Famers below Murphy.
However, others contend, "Murphy's incredible nine-year run in Atlanta ... | 23,882 |
269991 | Dale Murphy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dale%20Murphy | Dale Murphy
living may encourage voters to "look more favorably on what Murphy did without using performance-enhancing drugs." (Murphy weighed in on the steroids issue in asserting that career home run leader Barry Bonds "without a doubt" used performance-enhancing drugs.) "Sports Illustrated"'s Joe Posnanski has endor... | 23,883 |
269991 | Dale Murphy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dale%20Murphy | Dale Murphy
of his eligibility, he "peaked at 23% in 2000 and fell to 11.5% in 2009." Moreover, as writers may only vote for ten players each year, some have argued that the candidacy of stars from the 1980s—such as Murphy, pitcher Jack Morris, and outfielder Tim Raines—will become imperiled as a wave of more recently ... | 23,884 |
269991 | Dale Murphy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dale%20Murphy | Dale Murphy
Hall of Fame on the BBWAA ballot.
# Post-baseball life.
From 1997 to 2000, Murphy served as president of the LDS Church's Massachusetts Boston Mission.
In 2005, Murphy started a non-profit organization called the iWontCheat Foundation to promote ethical behavior, and deter steroid use and cheating in you... | 23,885 |
269991 | Dale Murphy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dale%20Murphy | Dale Murphy
supporter of Operation Smile and also currently serves on the organization's Board of Governors.
During the 2012 MLB season, Murphy was a part of the Atlanta Braves TV broadcasting crew and participated in the telecast of at least 14 games.
He was the first-base coach for the USA team in the 2013 World Ba... | 23,886 |
269991 | Dale Murphy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dale%20Murphy | Dale Murphy
managing business affairs, serving one's community, and preparing for retirement. In his second book, an autobiography titled "Murph", he talked about his religious faith. He discussed the struggles of his early baseball career and how he overcame problems. In 2007 Murphy wrote his third book, "The Scouting... | 23,887 |
269991 | Dale Murphy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dale%20Murphy | Dale Murphy
from youth sports and how they apply the lessons today. There is also a physician-penned section about illegal performance-enhancing drug use in sports.
# Personal life.
Murphy and his wife, Nancy, have eight children: sons Chad, Travis, Shawn, Tyson, Taylor, Jake, and McKay and daughter Madison.
# See a... | 23,888 |
269991 | Dale Murphy | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dale%20Murphy | Dale Murphy
List of Major League Baseball annual home run leaders
- List of Major League Baseball career runs scored leaders
- List of Major League Baseball career runs batted in leaders
- List of Major League Baseball annual runs batted in leaders
- List of Major League Baseball annual runs scored leaders
- List ... | 23,889 |
270005 | Ineffable cardinal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ineffable%20cardinal | Ineffable cardinal
Ineffable cardinal
In the mathematics of transfinite numbers, an ineffable cardinal is a certain kind of large cardinal number, introduced by .
A cardinal number formula_1 is called almost ineffable if for every formula_2 (where formula_3 is the powerset of formula_1) with the property that formula... | 23,890 |
270005 | Ineffable cardinal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ineffable%20cardinal | Ineffable cardinal
either formula_11 maps all unordered pairs of elements drawn from that subset to zero, or it maps all such unordered pairs to one.
More generally, formula_1 is called formula_21-ineffable (for a positive integer formula_21) if for every formula_23 there is a stationary subset of formula_1 on which f... | 23,891 |
270005 | Ineffable cardinal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ineffable%20cardinal | Ineffable cardinal
"n"-ineffable cardinal is "n"-almost ineffable (with set of "n"-almost ineffable below it stationary), and every "n"-almost ineffable is "n"-subtle (with set of "n"-subtle below it stationary). The least "n"-subtle cardinal is not even weakly compact (and unlike ineffable cardinals, the least "n"-alm... | 23,892 |
270005 | Ineffable cardinal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ineffable%20cardinal | Ineffable cardinal
36 such that
- every formula_37 is stationary
- for every formula_37 and formula_16, there is formula_40 homogeneous for "f" with formula_41.
Using any finite "n"1 in place of 2 would lead to the same definition, so completely ineffable cardinals are totally ineffable (and have greater consistency... | 23,893 |
269992 | Rotary International | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rotary%20International | Rotary International
Rotary International
Rotary International is an international service organization whose stated purpose is to bring together business and professional leaders in order to provide humanitarian service and to advance goodwill and peace around the world. It is a non-political and non-religious organi... | 23,894 |
269992 | Rotary International | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rotary%20International | Rotary International
states their "Manual of Procedure," "outside their clubs, to be active as individuals in as many legally constituted groups and organizations as possible to promote, not only in words but through exemplary dedication, awareness of the dignity of all people and the respect of the consequent human ri... | 23,895 |
269992 | Rotary International | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rotary%20International | Rotary International
for service.
- 2. High ethical standards in business and professions, the recognition of the worthiness of all useful occupations, and the dignifying of each Rotarian's occupation as an opportunity to serve society.
- 3. The application of the ideal of service in each Rotarian's personal, busines... | 23,896 |
269992 | Rotary International | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rotary%20International | Rotary International
Great Depression as a set of guidelines for restoring faltering businesses and was adopted as the standard of ethics by Rotary in 1942. It is still seen as a standard for ethics in business management. The 4-Way Test considers the following questions in respect to thinking, saying or doing:
- Is i... | 23,897 |
269992 | Rotary International | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rotary%20International | Rotary International
Building on Dearborn Street on February 23, 1905. In addition to Harris and Loehr (a mining engineer and freemason), Silvester Schiele (a coal merchant), and Hiram E. Shorey (a tailor) were the other two who attended this first meeting. The members chose the name Rotary because initially they rotat... | 23,898 |
269992 | Rotary International | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rotary%20International | Rotary International
was formed in 1910. On November 3, 1910, a Rotary club began meeting in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, the beginning of the organisation's internationality. On 22 February 1911, the first meeting of the Rotary Club Dublin was held in Dublin, Ireland. This was the first club established outside of Nort... | 23,899 |
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