wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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43590 | Flux | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flux | Flux
ace of the tube will be the same. The total flux for any surface surrounding a charge "q" is "q"/ε.
In free space the electric displacement is given by the constitutive relation D = ε E, so for any bounding surface the D-field flux equals the charge "Q" within it. Here the expression "flux of" indicates a mathema... | 5,800 |
43601 | Gnuplot | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gnuplot | Gnuplot
Gnuplot
gnuplot is a command-line program that can generate two- and three-dimensional plots of functions, data, and data fits. The program runs on all major computers and operating systems (Linux, Unix, Microsoft Windows, macOS, and others).
It is a program with a fairly long history, dating back to 1986. De... | 5,801 |
43601 | Gnuplot | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gnuplot | Gnuplot
use of LaTeX's fonts and powerful formula notation abilities. The program can be used both interactively and in batch mode using scripts.
The gnuplot core code is programmed in C. Modular subsystems for output via Qt, wxWidgets, and LaTeX/TikZ/ConTeXt are written in C++ and Lua.
The code below creates the gra... | 5,802 |
43601 | Gnuplot | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gnuplot | Gnuplot
authors, punning on "gnu" (the animal) and "newplot".
Official source code to gnuplot is freely redistributable, but modified versions thereof are not. The gnuplot license instead recommends distribution of patches against official releases, optionally accompanied by officially released source code. Binaries m... | 5,803 |
43601 | Gnuplot | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gnuplot | Gnuplot
this restriction, gnuplot is accepted and used by many GNU packages and is widely included in Linux distributions including the stricter ones such as Debian and Fedora. The OSI Open Source Definition and the Debian Free Software Guidelines specifically allow for restrictions on distribution of modified source c... | 5,804 |
43601 | Gnuplot | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gnuplot | Gnuplot
engine. These include:
- gretl, a statistics package for econometrics
- JGNUPlot, a java-based GUI
- Kayali a computer algebra system
- xldlas, an old X11 statistics package
- gnuplotxyz, an old Windows program
- wxPinter, a graphical plot manager for gnuplot
- Maxima is a text-based computer algebra sys... | 5,805 |
43601 | Gnuplot | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gnuplot | Gnuplot
by DTU Energy
- Gnuplot add-in for MS-Excel
# Programming and application interfaces.
gnuplot can be used from various programming languages to graph data, including Perl (via PDL and other CPAN packages), Python (via Gnuplot-py and SageMath), Julia (via Gaston.jl), Java (via JavaGnuplotHybrid and jgnuplot),... | 5,806 |
43601 | Gnuplot | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gnuplot | Gnuplot
rl (via PDL and other CPAN packages), Python (via Gnuplot-py and SageMath), Julia (via Gaston.jl), Java (via JavaGnuplotHybrid and jgnuplot), Ruby (via Ruby Gnuplot), Ch (via Ch Gnuplot), Haskell (via Haskell gnuplot), Fortran 95, and Smalltalk (Squeak and GNU Smalltalk).
gnuplot also supports piping, which is... | 5,807 |
43609 | Jumping | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jumping | Jumping
Jumping
Jumping or leaping is a form of locomotion or movement in which an organism or non-living (e.g., robotic) mechanical system propels itself through the air along a ballistic trajectory. Jumping can be distinguished from running, galloping and other gaits where the entire body is temporarily airborne, by... | 5,808 |
43609 | Jumping | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jumping | Jumping
and show jumping.
# Physics.
All jumping involves the application of force against a substrate, which in turn generates a reactive force that propels the jumper away from the substrate. Any solid or liquid capable of producing an opposing force can serve as a substrate, including ground or water. Examples of ... | 5,809 |
43609 | Jumping | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jumping | Jumping
is considered jumping, as the initial jump conditions no longer dictate its flight path.
Following the moment of launch (i.e., initial loss of contact with the substrate), a jumper will traverse a parabolic path. The launch angle and initial launch velocity determine the travel distance, duration, and height o... | 5,810 |
43609 | Jumping | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jumping | Jumping
kinetic energy at launch that is proportional to the square of the jumper's speed. The more work the muscles do, the greater the launch velocity and thus the greater the acceleration and the shorter the time interval of the jump's propulsive phase.
Mechanical power (work per unit time) and the distance over wh... | 5,811 |
43609 | Jumping | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jumping | Jumping
elements, such as tendons or apodemes, to store work as strain energy. Such elastic elements can release energy at a much higher rate (higher power) than equivalent muscle mass, thus increasing launch energy to levels beyond what muscle alone is capable of.
A jumper may be either stationary or moving when init... | 5,812 |
43609 | Jumping | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jumping | Jumping
is solely due to the jump movement, moving jumps have a higher energy that results from the inclusion of the horizontal velocity preceding the jump. Consequently, jumpers are able to jump greater distances when starting from a run.
# Anatomy.
Animals use a wide variety of anatomical adaptations for jumping. T... | 5,813 |
43609 | Jumping | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jumping | Jumping
to the surface at a high velocity. A few primarily aquatic species that can jump while on land, such as mud skippers, do so via a flick of the tail.
## Limb morphology.
In terrestrial animals, the primary propulsive structure is the legs, though a few species use their tails. Typical characteristics of jumpin... | 5,814 |
43609 | Jumping | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jumping | Jumping
foot and ankle bones that are elongated and possess additional joints, effectively adding more segments to the limb and even more length.
Frogs are an excellent example of all three trends: frog legs can be nearly twice the body length, leg muscles may account for up to twenty percent of body weight, and they ... | 5,815 |
43609 | Jumping | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jumping | Jumping
use elastic energy storage to increase jumping distance. Although power output is a principal determinant of jump distance (as noted above), physiological constraints limit muscle power to approximately 375 Watts per kilogram of muscle. To overcome this limitation, grasshoppers anchor their legs via an internal... | 5,816 |
43609 | Jumping | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jumping | Jumping
elastic storage (the bow) allows the muscles to operate closer to isometric on the force-velocity curve. This enables the muscles to do work over a longer time and thus produce more energy than they otherwise could, while the elastic element releases that work faster than the muscles can. The use of elastic ene... | 5,817 |
43609 | Jumping | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jumping | Jumping
one foot and landing on the same foot
- Leap — jumping from one foot and landing on the other foot
- Assemble — jumping from one foot and landing on two feet
- Sissonne — jumping from two feet and landing on one foot
Leaping gaits, which are distinct from running gaits (see Locomotion), include cantering, g... | 5,818 |
43609 | Jumping | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jumping | Jumping
jumping-related movements to increase speed, agility, and power.
It has been shown in research that children who are more physically active display more proficient jumping (along with other basic motor skill) patterns.
It is also noted that jumping development in children has a direct relationship with age. A... | 5,819 |
43609 | Jumping | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jumping | Jumping
een shown in research that children who are more physically active display more proficient jumping (along with other basic motor skill) patterns.
It is also noted that jumping development in children has a direct relationship with age. As children grow older, it is seen that their jumping abilities in all form... | 5,820 |
43608 | William Rufus Shafter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Rufus%20Shafter | William Rufus Shafter
William Rufus Shafter
William Rufus Shafter (October 16, 1835 – November 12, 1906) was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War who received America's highest military decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions at the Battle of Fair Oaks. Shafter also played a prominent part as a m... | 5,821 |
43608 | William Rufus Shafter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Rufus%20Shafter | William Rufus Shafter
lieutenant the Union Army's 7th Michigan Volunteer Infantry Regiment at the battles of Ball's Bluff and Fair Oaks. He was wounded at the Battle of Fair Oaks and later received the Medal of Honor for heroism during the battle. He led a charge on the first day of the battle and was wounded towards t... | 5,822 |
43608 | William Rufus Shafter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Rufus%20Shafter | William Rufus Shafter
his release he was appointed colonel of the 17th United States Colored Infantry and led the regiment at the Battle of Nashville.
By the end of the war, he had been promoted to brevet brigadier general of volunteers. He stayed in the regular army when the war ended. During his subsequent service i... | 5,823 |
43608 | William Rufus Shafter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Rufus%20Shafter | William Rufus Shafter
a brigadier general.
# Spanish–American War.
Just before the outbreak of the Spanish–American War, Shafter was commander of the Department of California. Shafter was an unlikely candidate for command of the expedition to Cuba. He was aged 63, weighed over 300 pounds and suffered from gout. Never... | 5,824 |
43608 | William Rufus Shafter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Rufus%20Shafter | William Rufus Shafter
of Cuba. Confusion prevailed over landing priorities and the chain of command. When General Sumner refused to allow the Army's Gatling Gun Detachment - which had priority - to disembark from the transport "Cherokee" on the grounds that the lieutenant commanding the detachment did not have the rank... | 5,825 |
43608 | William Rufus Shafter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Rufus%20Shafter | William Rufus Shafter
Wood.) disregard of orders, Wheeler brought on a fight which escalated into the Battle of Las Guasimas. Shafter apparently did not realize the battle was even underway nor did he say anything to Wheeler about it afterward.
A plan was finally developed for the attack on Santiago. Shafter would sen... | 5,826 |
43608 | William Rufus Shafter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Rufus%20Shafter | William Rufus Shafter
rear and out of sight of the fighting. Unable to see the battle firsthand, he never developed a coherent chain of command. Shafter's offensive battle plans were both simplistic and extremely vague. He seemed to be unaware or unconcerned about the mass killing effect of modern military weapons tech... | 5,827 |
43608 | William Rufus Shafter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Rufus%20Shafter | William Rufus Shafter
roads and were unable maneuver, suffered heavy losses from Spanish troops equipped with modern repeating smokeless powder rifles and breech-loading artillery, while the short-ranged black-powder guns of U.S. artillery units were unable to respond effectively. Additional casualties were incurred in... | 5,828 |
43608 | William Rufus Shafter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Rufus%20Shafter | William Rufus Shafter
extent of the American losses were becoming known at Shafter's headquarters back at Sevilla (his gout, poor physical condition, and huge bulk did not allow him to go to the front). The casualties were delivered not only by messenger report, but also by "meat wagons" delivering the wounded and dyin... | 5,829 |
43608 | William Rufus Shafter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Rufus%20Shafter | William Rufus Shafter
of necessities, particularly food rations. Shafter himself was ill, and very weak. With this view of events, Shafter sent a dramatic message to Washington. He suggested that the army should give up its attack and all its gains for the day, and withdraw to safer ground about five miles away. Fortun... | 5,830 |
43608 | William Rufus Shafter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Rufus%20Shafter | William Rufus Shafter
commander surrendered the city.
# Postwar career and retirement.
With disease rampant in the American army in Cuba, Shafter and many of his officers favored a quick withdrawal from Cuba. Shafter personally left Cuba in September 1898, and after a stay in quarantine at Camp Wikoff, Shafter return... | 5,831 |
43608 | William Rufus Shafter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Rufus%20Shafter | William Rufus Shafter
Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, the Military Order of Foreign Wars and the Sons of the American Revolution.
Shafter retired in 1901 and retired to a farm, next to his daughter's land in Bakersfield, California. He died there in 1906 and is buried at San Francisco National Cemetery... | 5,832 |
43608 | William Rufus Shafter | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William%20Rufus%20Shafter | William Rufus Shafter
# In popular culture.
Shafter was portrayed by Rodger Boyce in the 1997 film "Rough Riders".
# Medal of Honor citation.
Rank and Organization:
Citation:
# Military awards.
- Medal of Honor
- Civil War Campaign Medal
- Indian Campaign Medal
- Spanish Campaign Medal
# See also.
- List of ... | 5,833 |
43592 | John Herschel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Herschel | John Herschel
John Herschel
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet (; 7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English polymath, mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor, experimental photographer who invented the blueprint, and did botanical work.
Herschel originated the use of the Julian day system in astro... | 5,834 |
43592 | John Herschel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Herschel | John Herschel
work on astronomy.
Herschel was born in Slough, Buckinghamshire, the son of Mary Baldwin and William Herschel. He was the nephew of astronomer Caroline Herschel. He studied shortly at Eton College and St John's College, Cambridge, graduating as Senior Wrangler in 1813. It was during his time as an underg... | 5,835 |
43592 | John Herschel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Herschel | John Herschel
of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1820. For his work with his father, he was presented with the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1826 (which he won again in 1836), and with the Lalande Medal of the French Academy of Sciences in 1825, while in 1821 the Royal Society bestowed upon him the ... | 5,836 |
43592 | John Herschel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Herschel | John Herschel
out methods of scientific investigation with an orderly relationship between observation and theorising. He described nature as being governed by laws which were difficult to discern or to state mathematically, and the highest aim of natural philosophy was understanding these laws through inductive reason... | 5,837 |
43592 | John Herschel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Herschel | John Herschel
a compilation of his own work and that of his father's, expanding on the senior Herschel's "Catalogue of Nebulae". A further complementary volume was published posthumously, as the "General Catalogue of 10,300 Multiple and Double Stars".
Herschel correctly considered astigmatism to be due to irregularity... | 5,838 |
43592 | John Herschel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Herschel | John Herschel
Duke of Sussex that they travel to South Africa on a Navy ship, Herschel and his wife paid £500 for passage on the S.S. "Mountstuart Elphinstone", which departed from Portsmouth on 13 November 1833.
The voyage to South Africa was made in order to catalogue the stars, nebulae, and other objects of the sou... | 5,839 |
43592 | John Herschel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Herschel | John Herschel
Maclear, the Astronomer Royal at the Cape of Good Hope and the members of the two families became close friends. During this time, he also witnessed the Great Eruption of Eta Carinae (December, 1837).
In addition to his astronomical work, however, this voyage to a far corner of the British empire also ga... | 5,840 |
43592 | John Herschel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Herschel | John Herschel
departure from astronomy, Herschel combined his talents with those of his wife, Margaret, and between 1834 and 1838 they produced 131 botanical illustrations of fine quality, showing the Cape flora. Herschel used a camera lucida to obtain accurate outlines of the specimens and left the details to his wife... | 5,841 |
43592 | John Herschel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Herschel | John Herschel
("Field Houses"), an old estate on the south-eastern side of Table Mountain. Here John set up his reflector to begin his survey of the southern skies.
Herschel, at the same time, read widely. Intrigued by the ideas of gradual formation of landscapes set out in Charles Lyell's "Principles of Geology", he ... | 5,842 |
43592 | John Herschel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Herschel | John Herschel
conception of the Creator" and by analogy with other intermediate causes, "the origination of fresh species, could it ever come under our cognizance, would be found to be a natural in contradistinction to a miraculous process". He prefaced his words with the couplet:
Taking a gradualist view of developme... | 5,843 |
43592 | John Herschel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Herschel | John Herschel
Later on, Darwin would be influenced by Herschel's writings in developing his theory advanced in "The Origin of Species". In the opening lines of that work, Darwin writes that his intent is "to throw some light on the origin of species – that mystery of mysteries, as it has been called by one of our great... | 5,844 |
43592 | John Herschel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Herschel | John Herschel
of Saturn: Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, Rhea, Titan, and Iapetus. In the same year, Herschel received his second Copley Medal from the Royal Society for this work. A few years later, in 1852, he proposed the names still used today for the four then-known satellites of Uranus: Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, ... | 5,845 |
43592 | John Herschel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Herschel | John Herschel
parts of the spectrum tended to impart their own color to a photographic paper. Herschel made experiments using photosensitive emulsions of vegetable juices, called phytotypes, also known as anthotypes, and published his discoveries in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London in 1842.... | 5,846 |
43592 | John Herschel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Herschel | John Herschel
sodium thiosulfate to be a solvent of silver halides in 1819, and informed Talbot and Daguerre of his discovery that this "hyposulphite of soda" ("hypo") could be used as a photographic fixer, to "fix" pictures and make them permanent, after experimentally applying it thus in early 1839.
Herschel's groun... | 5,847 |
43592 | John Herschel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Herschel | John Herschel
on the optical spectra of metal salts.
Herschel invented the actinometer in 1825 to measure the direct heating power of the sun's rays, and his work with the instrument is of great importance in the early history of photochemistry.
Herschel proposed a correction to the Gregorian calendar, making years t... | 5,848 |
43592 | John Herschel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Herschel | John Herschel
Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1832, and in 1836, a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
In 1835, the "New York Sun" newspaper wrote a series of satiric articles that came to be known as the Great Moon Hoax, with statements falsely attributed to Herschel about his supposed discoverie... | 5,849 |
43592 | John Herschel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Herschel | John Herschel
that Herschel Island, in the Arctic Ocean, part of the Yukon Territory, was named after him, the entries in the expedition journal of Sir John Franklin state that the latter wished to honour the Herschel family, of which John Herschel's father, Sir William Herschel, and his aunt, Caroline Herschel, are as... | 5,850 |
43592 | John Herschel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Herschel | John Herschel
Louisa Herschel (1834–1861), an accomplished artist
- 5. Prof. Alexander Stewart Herschel (1836–1907), FRS, FRAS
- 6. Col. John Herschel FRS, FRAS, (1837–1921) surveyor
- 7. Marie Sophie Herschel (1839–1929)
- 8. Amelia Herschel (1841–1926) married Sir Thomas Francis Wade, diplomat and sinologist
- 9... | 5,851 |
43592 | John Herschel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Herschel | John Herschel
in Kent. On his death, he was given a national funeral and buried in Westminster Abbey. His obituary by Henry W Field of London was read to the American Philosophical Society on 1 December 1871.
# Bibliography.
- "On the Aberration of Compound Lenses and Object-Glasses" (1821)
- Book-length articles on... | 5,852 |
43592 | John Herschel | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20Herschel | John Herschel
ltiple and Double Stars" (published posthumously)
- "Familiar Lectures on Scientific Subjects"
- "General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters"
- "Manual of Scientific Inquiry" (ed.), (1849)
- "Meteorology" (1861)
- "Familiar Lectures on Scientific Subjects" (1867)
# Further reading.
- On Herschel's r... | 5,853 |
43611 | Hari | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hari | Hari
Hari
Hari or Har(i) (Sanskrit: हरि, Punjabi: ਹਰਿ, IAST: "Harī" or "Har") is a name for the supreme absolute in the Vedas, Guru Granth Sahib and many other sacred texts of South Asia. Hari refers to Vishnu who takes away all the sorrows of his devotees. In Rigveda’s Purusha Suktam (Praise of the supreme cosmic bei... | 5,854 |
43611 | Hari | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hari | Hari
just to declare that every ritual we perform is an offer to that supreme divine even if the hymn praises any demigod. In Hinduism, kirtan or praise songs of any god has a common name known as Hari kirtan and katha or storytelling is known as Hari katha.
No depiction of Hari (God) is permitted in Sikhism. Hari in ... | 5,855 |
43611 | Hari | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hari | Hari
Buddhist and Jain religions. The name "Hari" also appears as the 656th name of Vishnu in the Vishnu sahasranama of the Mahabharata and is considered to be of great significance in Vaishnavism.
# Etymology.
The Sanskrit word "हरि" (Hari) is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root "*"ǵʰel-" to shine; to flourish... | 5,856 |
43611 | Hari | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hari | Hari
of Hinduism such as the Bhagwad Gita and Mahabharata. A few names which are used quite frequently,
- Vishnu
- Narayana
- Rama
- Krishna
- List of names of Vishnu
- Madhav
- Damodar
- Govind
- Gopal
# In Indian religion.
- The Harivamsha ("lineage of Hari") is a text in both the Puranic and Itihasa tradi... | 5,857 |
43611 | Hari | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hari | Hari
Manu ("manu tāmasa", "Dark Manu") in the Puranas.
- In Hinduism, beginning with Adi Sankara's commentary on the Vishnu sahasranama, "hari" became etymologized as derived from the verbal root "hṛ" "to grab, seize, steal", in the context of Vaishnavism interpreted as "to take away or remove evil or sin", and the na... | 5,858 |
43611 | Hari | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hari | Hari
estroys samsara", which is the entanglement in the cycle of birth and death, along with ignorance, its cause; compare "hara" as a name of Shiva, translated as "seizer" or "destroyer".
- In the Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition, Hari is a name of both Krishna or Vishnu, invoked in the Hare Krishna mantra (Hare is a voca... | 5,859 |
43607 | Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six%20Degrees%20of%20Kevin%20Bacon | Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon
Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon
Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon or "Bacon's Law" is a parlour game based on the "six degrees of separation" concept, which posits that any two people on Earth are six or fewer acquaintance links apart. Movie buffs challenge each other to find the shortest path between a... | 5,860 |
43607 | Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six%20Degrees%20of%20Kevin%20Bacon | Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon
worked with everybody in Hollywood or someone who's worked with them." Following this, a lengthy newsgroup thread which was headed "Kevin Bacon is the Center of the Universe" appeared. Four Albright College students, including Brian Turtle, claim to have invented the game that became known as... | 5,861 |
43607 | Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six%20Degrees%20of%20Kevin%20Bacon | Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon
Bacon."
They wrote a letter to talk show host Jon Stewart, telling him that "Kevin Bacon was the center of the entertainment universe" and explaining the game. They appeared on "The Jon Stewart Show" and "The Howard Stern Show" with Bacon to explain the game. Bacon admitted that he initially... | 5,862 |
43607 | Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six%20Degrees%20of%20Kevin%20Bacon | Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon
buy a book, but the clerk asks for his ID, which he does not have. He leaves and returns with a group of people, then says to the clerk, "Okay, I was in a movie with an extra, Eunice, whose hairdresser, Wayne, attended Sunday school with Father O'Neill, who plays racquetball with Dr. Sanjay, ... | 5,863 |
43607 | Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six%20Degrees%20of%20Kevin%20Bacon | Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon
the Green Hornet and O. J. Simpson both hung out with people named Kato; Simpson and Robert Wagner co-starred in "The Towering Inferno"; Wagner and Bacon co-starred in "Wild Things".
The concept was also presented in an episode of the TV show "Mad About You" dated November 19, 1996, in which... | 5,864 |
43607 | Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six%20Degrees%20of%20Kevin%20Bacon | Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon
on October 30, 2002, was "Kevin Bacon Linked To Al-Qaeda". Bacon provides the voice-over commentary for the NY Skyride attraction at the Empire State Building in New York City. At several points throughout the commentary, Bacon alludes to his connections to Hollywood stars via other actors wi... | 5,865 |
43607 | Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six%20Degrees%20of%20Kevin%20Bacon | Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon
to find an actor's Bacon number on its main page, by searching for the actor's name preceded by the phrase "bacon number".
EE began a UK television advertising campaign on November 3, 2012, based on the Six Degrees concept, where Kevin Bacon illustrates his connections and draws attention to... | 5,866 |
43607 | Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six%20Degrees%20of%20Kevin%20Bacon | Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon
Bacon."
# Bacon numbers.
The Bacon number of an actor is the number of degrees of separation he or she has from Bacon, as defined by the game. This is an application of the Erdős number concept to the Hollywood movie industry. The higher the Bacon number, the greater the separation from Kev... | 5,867 |
43607 | Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six%20Degrees%20of%20Kevin%20Bacon | Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon
Elvis Presley was in "Change of Habit" (1969) with Edward Asner
- Edward Asner was in "JFK" (1991) with Kevin Bacon
Therefore, Asner has a Bacon number of 1, and Presley (who never appeared in a film with Bacon) has a Bacon number of 2.
Ian McKellen:
- Ian McKellen was in "" (2014) with M... | 5,868 |
43607 | Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six%20Degrees%20of%20Kevin%20Bacon | Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon
Erdős and Bacon numbers.
# Center of the Hollywood Universe.
While at the University of Virginia, Brett Tjaden created the Oracle of Bacon. A previous version of this computer program used information on some 800,000 people from the Internet Movie Database (IMDb), while the current implemen... | 5,869 |
43607 | Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six%20Degrees%20of%20Kevin%20Bacon | Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon
Universe" as being the person with the lowest average personality number. Kevin Bacon, as it turns out, is not the "Center of the Hollywood Universe" (i.e. the most linkable actor). In fact, Bacon does not even make the top 100 list of average personality numbers. While he is not the most lin... | 5,870 |
43607 | Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six%20Degrees%20of%20Kevin%20Bacon | Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon
photographer Andy Gotts tried to reach Kevin Bacon through photographic links instead of film links.
Gotts wrote to 300 actors asking to take their pictures, and received permission only from Joss Ackland. Ackland then suggested that Gotts photograph Greta Scacchi, with whom he had appeared ... | 5,871 |
43607 | Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six%20Degrees%20of%20Kevin%20Bacon | Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon
chess games to Paul Morphy
- Shusaku number, equivalent in the Go world with Honinbo Shusaku
- Erdős number, collaborations on mathematical papers with Paul Erdős
- Erdős–Bacon number, the sum of a person's Erdős number and Bacon number
# External links.
- The Oracle of Bacon computes th... | 5,872 |
43607 | Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six%20Degrees%20of%20Kevin%20Bacon | Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon
nd Bacon number
# External links.
- The Oracle of Bacon computes the Bacon number of any actor or actress from Wikipedia data. A previous implementation used IMDB data.
- Six Degrees of James A. Conrad A how-to demonstration for those wishing to compile their own "degrees of" list by a Hol... | 5,873 |
43614 | Arsinoe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arsinoe | Arsinoe
Arsinoe
Arsinoe (), sometimes spelled Arsinoë, pronounced Arsinoi in modern Greek, may refer to:
# People.
- Arsinoe of Macedon, mother of Ptolemy I Soter
- Apama II or Arsinoe (c. 292 BC–after 249 BC), wife of Magas of Cyrene and mother of Berenice II
- Arsinoe, probable mother of Lysimachus or his first ... | 5,874 |
43614 | Arsinoe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arsinoe | Arsinoe
(Gulf of Suez), a port of Egypt
- Arsinoe (Eritrea)
- Conope (Greece) or Arsinoe
- Ephesus, also called Arsinoe
- Faiyum (Egypt), also called Arsinoe or Crocodilopolis, seat of the Roman Catholic titular bishopric Arsinoë in Arcadia
- Famagusta (Cyprus) or Arsinoe
- Coressia (Greece), called Arsinoe in th... | 5,875 |
43614 | Arsinoe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arsinoe | Arsinoe
itular bishopric Arsinoë in Arcadia
- Famagusta (Cyprus) or Arsinoe
- Coressia (Greece), called Arsinoe in the Hellenistic period
- Methana (Greece), called Arsinoe in the Ptolemaic period
- Olbia (Egypt) or Arsinoe
- Patara (Lycia) or Arsinoe
- Taucheira (Libya) or Arsinoe
- Arsinoes Chaos, located in t... | 5,876 |
43569 | Ghost town | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghost%20town | Ghost town
Ghost town
A ghost town is an abandoned village, town, or city, usually one that contains substantial visible remains. A town often becomes a ghost town because the economic activity that supported it has failed, or due to natural or human-caused disasters such as floods, prolonged droughts, government acti... | 5,877 |
43569 | Ghost town | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghost%20town | Ghost town
Some examples are Bannack, Garnet, Calico, Centralia, Oatman, and South Pass City in the United States, Barkerville in Canada, Craco in Italy, Elizabeth Bay and Kolmanskop in Namibia, Pripyat in Ukraine, and Danushkodi in India.
The town of Plymouth on the Caribbean island of Montserrat is a ghost town that... | 5,878 |
43569 | Ghost town | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghost%20town | Ghost town
they were no longer economically viable; T. Lindsey Baker, author of "Ghost Towns of Texas", defines a ghost town as "a town for which the reason for being no longer exists". Some believe that any settlement with visible tangible remains should not be called a ghost town; others say, conversely, that a ghost... | 5,879 |
43569 | Ghost town | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghost%20town | Ghost town
former self".
# Reasons for abandonment.
Factors leading to abandonment of towns include depleted natural resources, economic activity shifting elsewhere, railroads and roads bypassing or no longer accessing the town, human intervention, disasters, massacres, wars, and the shifting of politics or fall of e... | 5,880 |
43569 | Ghost town | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghost%20town | Ghost town
decrease in size as fast as they initially grew. Sometimes, all or nearly the entire population can desert the town, resulting in a ghost town.
The dismantling of a boomtown can often occur on a planned basis. Mining companies nowadays will create a temporary community to service a mine site, building all t... | 5,881 |
43569 | Ghost town | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghost%20town | Ghost town
some former mining towns on U.S. Route 66 suffered both mine closures when the resources were depleted and loss of highway traffic as US 66 was diverted away from places like Oatman, Arizona onto a more direct path. Mine and pulp mill closures have led to many ghost towns in British Columbia, Canada includin... | 5,882 |
43569 | Ghost town | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghost%20town | Ghost town
Queensland in Outback Australia when nearby Winton outperformed Collingwood as a regional centre for the livestock-raising industry. The railway reached Winton in 1899, linking it with the rest of Queensland, and Collingwood was a ghost town by the following year.
The Middle East has many ghost towns that w... | 5,883 |
43569 | Ghost town | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghost%20town | Ghost town
as an investment rather than for habitation.
## Human intervention.
Railroads and roads bypassing or no longer reaching a town can also create a ghost town. This was the case in many of the ghost towns along Ontario's historic Opeongo Line, and along U.S. Route 66 after motorists bypassed the latter on the... | 5,884 |
43569 | Ghost town | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghost%20town | Ghost town
when land is expropriated by a government, and residents are required to relocate. One example is the village of Tyneham in Dorset, England, acquired during World War II to build an artillery range.
A similar situation occurred in the U.S. when NASA acquired land to construct the John C. Stennis Space Cente... | 5,885 |
43569 | Ghost town | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghost%20town | Ghost town
Santa Rosa, and Westonia), plus the northern portion of a sixth (Pearlington), along with 700 families in residence, had to be completely relocated away from the facility.
Sometimes the town might cease to officially exist, but the physical infrastructure remains. For example, the five Mississippi communiti... | 5,886 |
43569 | Ghost town | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghost%20town | Ghost town
Accelerator Laboratory. Many houses and even a few barns remain, used for housing visiting scientists and storing maintenance equipment, while roads that used to cross through the site have been blocked off at the edges of the property, with gatehouses or barricades to prevent unsupervised access.
### Flood... | 5,887 |
43569 | Ghost town | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghost%20town | Ghost town
and Middle Hambleton in Rutland, England, which were flooded to create Rutland Water, and the villages of Ashopton and Derwent, England, flooded during the construction of the Ladybower Reservoir. Mologa in Russia was flooded by the creation of Rybinsk reservoir, and in France the Tignes Dam flooded the vill... | 5,888 |
43569 | Ghost town | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghost%20town | Ghost town
Snowy River Scheme. Construction of the Aswan High Dam on the Nile River in Egypt submerged archaeological sites and ancient settlements such as Buhen under Lake Nasser. Another example of towns left underwater is Tehri; by the construction of the Tehri Dam in the Indian state of Uttarakhand.
### Massacres.... | 5,889 |
43569 | Ghost town | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghost%20town | Ghost town
and anticipated.
Natural and man-made disasters can create ghost towns. For example, after being flooded more than 30 times since their town was founded in 1845, residents of Pattonsburg, Missouri, decided to relocate after two floods in 1993. With government help, the whole town was rebuilt away.
Craco, a... | 5,890 |
43569 | Ghost town | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghost%20town | Ghost town
an uncontainable mine fire, which began in 1962 and still rages to this day; eventually the fire reached an abandoned mine underneath the nearby town of Byrnesville, Pennsylvania, which caused that mine to catch on fire too and forced the evacuation of that town as well.
Ghost towns may also occasionally co... | 5,891 |
43569 | Ghost town | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghost%20town | Ghost town
town of Saint-Jean-Vianney, Québec, also constructed on a Leda clay base, had been abandoned after a landslide on 4 May 1971, which swept away 41 homes, killing 31 people.
Following the Chernobyl disaster of 1986, dangerously high levels of nuclear radiation escaped into the surrounding area, and nearly 200... | 5,892 |
43569 | Ghost town | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghost%20town | Ghost town
50,000 at the time of the disaster.
## Disease and contamination.
Significant fatality rates from epidemics have produced ghost towns. Some places in eastern Arkansas were abandoned after more than 7,000 Arkansans died during the Spanish flu epidemic of 1918 and 1919. Several communities in Ireland, partic... | 5,893 |
43569 | Ghost town | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghost%20town | Ghost town
Australia, which was once Australia's largest source of blue asbestos, but was shut down in 1966 due to health concerns. Treece and Picher, twin communities straddling the Kansas–Oklahoma border, were once one of the United States' largest sources of zinc and lead, but over a century of unregulated disposal ... | 5,894 |
43569 | Ghost town | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghost%20town | Ghost town
the German Democratic Republic, but following German reunification it was abandoned due to ammunition contamination from the barracks. Located on a peninsula separated from Rerik by a small isthmus, in 1992 it was turned into a restricted area while the rest of the town remained populated.
# Revived ghost t... | 5,895 |
43569 | Ghost town | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghost%20town | Ghost town
second largest city of Egypt, was a flourishing city in the Ancient era, but declined during the Middle Ages. It underwent a dramatic revival during the 19th century; from a population of 5,000 in 1806, it grew into a city of more than 200,000 inhabitants by 1882, and is now home to more than four million pe... | 5,896 |
43569 | Ghost town | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghost%20town | Ghost town
by a mother and son, is slowly being revived owing to the ever-increasing stream of pilgrims on the road to Santiago de Compostela.
# Around the world.
## Africa.
Wars and rebellions in some African countries have left many towns and villages deserted. Since 2003, when President François Bozizé came to po... | 5,897 |
43569 | Ghost town | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghost%20town | Ghost town
also leaves organized and well-equipped bandits free to terrorize the populace, often leaving villages abandoned in their wake. Elsewhere in Africa, the town of Lukangol was burnt to the ground during tribal clashes in South Sudan. Before its destruction, the town had a population of 20,000. The Libyan town ... | 5,898 |
43569 | Ghost town | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghost%20town | Ghost town
("forbidden zone"), effectively criminalizing new settlement. The small mining towns of this area, among them Pomona, Elizabeth Bay and Kolmanskop, were exempt from this ban, but the denial of new land claims soon rendered all of them ghost towns.
## Asia.
China has many large urban property developments, ... | 5,899 |
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