wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
|---|---|---|---|---|
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
stemming from the concept that they would be forced to drive a child's bicycle or tricycle). In Latvian, the word , which literally means "in-blessings", is used, also standing for religious rites of passage, especially confirmation. In Swedish, the term used is , literally "zeroing" (from the fact that when you... | 6,128,500 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
, from (literally "grandfather"), a jargon term used for the soldiers who had already served for most of their draft period. A similar equivalent term exists in the Russian military, where a hazing phenomenon known as exists, meaning roughly "grandfather" or the slang term "gramps" (referring to the senior corps... | 6,128,501 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
include measuring a long distance (i.e. hallways) with matches.
Often most or all of the endurance or the more serious ordeal is concentrated in a single session, which may be called "hell night", or prolonged to a "hell week", sometimes again at the pledge's birthday (e.g. by birthday spanking), but some tradi... | 6,128,502 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
too big for your britches' way), such as after a pilot's first solo flight.
# Methods.
Hazing activities can involve forms of ridicule and humiliation within the group or in public, while other hazing incidents are akin to pranks. A snipe hunt is such a prank, when a newcomer or credulous person is given an im... | 6,128,503 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
with the victim "assuming the position", i.e., simply bending over forward. A variation of this (also as punishment) is trading licks. This practice is also used in the military. Alternative modes (including bare-buttock paddling, strapping and switching, as well as mock forms of antiquated forms of physical pun... | 6,128,504 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
a dive into water, hosing down or even paddling the worst off. They may have to do tedious cleaning including swabbing the decks or cleaning the toilets with a toothbrush. In fraternities, pledges often must clean up a mess intentionally made by brothers which can include fecal matter, urine, and dead animals.
... | 6,128,505 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
or something else worn by the victim in a way that would bring negative attention to the wearer. Examples include a uniform (e.g. toga); a leash or collar (also associated with bondage); infantile and other humiliating dress and attire.
Markings may also be made on clothing or bare skin. They are painted, writt... | 6,128,506 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
parts.
Other physical feats may be required, such as calisthenics and other physical tests, such as mud wrestling, forming a human pyramid, or climbing a greased pole. Exposure to the elements may be required, such as swimming or diving in cold water or snow.
Orientation tests may be held, such as abandoning p... | 6,128,507 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
their shirt cut off to celebrate the achievement. Cutting off the back of the shirt originates from the days of tandem trainers, where the instructor sat behind the student and tugged on the back of their shirt in order to get their attention. Cutting off the back of the shirt symbolizes that the instructor has ... | 6,128,508 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
occurs for apprentices in some trades. In printing, it consists of applying bronze blue to the apprentice's penis and testicles, a color made by mixing black printers ink and dark blue printers ink, which takes a long time to wash off. Similarly, mechanics get their groins smeared with old dirty grease.
Hazing ... | 6,128,509 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
Cialdini uses the framework of consistency and commitment to explain the phenomenon of hazing and the vigor and zeal to which practitioners of hazing persist in and defend these activities even when they are made illegal. Cialdini cites a 1959 study in which the researchers observed that "persons who go through ... | 6,128,510 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
Linder, and Brewer, the researchers used sports teams as the subject of their study. The authors suggest that hazing can result in some positive outcomes. During the hazing process, a bond between the two parties (the hazer and the hazee) grew. Many people view hazing as an effective way to teach respect and dev... | 6,128,511 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
forms of hazing alienate and disparage individuals.
Dissonance can produce feelings of group attraction or social identity among initiates after the hazing experience because they want to justify the effort used. Rewards during initiations or hazing rituals matter in that initiates who feel more rewarded expres... | 6,128,512 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
published by Linda Wilson, she and the National Pan-Hellenic Council Leaders at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University gave their perspectives and opinions on hazing at their institution, and she discussed why hazing is so hard to discontinue. The reason why is because the act of hazing is de... | 6,128,513 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
2014 paper by Harvey Whitehouse discusses theories that hazing can cause social cohesion though group identification and identity fusion. A 2017 study published in "Scientific Reports" found that groups that share painful or strong negative experiences can cause visceral bonding, and pro-group behavior. Students... | 6,128,514 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
form of hazing to join their team, yet 60% of the student-athletes respondents indicated that they would not report incidents of hazing.
A 2007 survey at American colleges found 55% of students in "clubs, teams, and organizations" experienced behavior the survey defined as hazing, including in varsity athletics... | 6,128,515 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
The most common hazing-related activities reported in student groups included alcohol consumption, humiliation, isolation, sleep deprivation, and sex acts.
Some chapters of fraternities and sororities have developed complex hazing rituals that range from demeaning tasks to embarrassing ceremonies. These practic... | 6,128,516 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
which often involve violence and punishments. The United States military defines hazing as unnecessarily exposing a fellow soldier to an act which is cruel, abusive, oppressive, or harmful. In the modern western military, which combines discipline with welfare priorities, initiation practices can cause controver... | 6,128,517 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
forces, especially those with a paramilitary tradition, or sub-units of police forces such as tactical teams, may also have hazing rituals. Rescue services, such as lifeguards or air-sea rescue teams may have hazing rituals.
## Netherlands.
In the Netherlands, the so-called 'traditional fraternities' have an i... | 6,128,518 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
equal. Often, pledges collect or perform chores to raise funds for charity. At the end of the hazing period, the inauguration of the new members take place.
Incidents have occurred resulting in injuries and death. Often these incidents occur when members wish to join a house, (prestigious) sub-structure or comm... | 6,128,519 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
risks for incidents are members (often joining the hazing camp but not designated with any responsibility) separating pledges and taking them away from the main group to 'amuse themselves' with them.
In 1965 a student at Utrecht University choked to death during a hazing ritual ("Roetkapaffaire"). There was pub... | 6,128,520 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
lead to sharpened scrutiny over hazing. Hazing incidents have nevertheless occurred since, but justice is becoming keener in persecuting perpetrators.
The Netherlands has no anti-hazing legislation. Hazing incidents can be handled by internal resolution by the fraternity itself (the lightest cases), and via the... | 6,128,521 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
usually in initiation rites of fraternities, has a long history in the Philippines, and has been a source of public controversy after many cases that resulted to death of the neophyte. The first recorded death due to hazing in the Philippines was recorded in 1954, with the death of Gonzalo Mariano Albert. Hazing... | 6,128,522 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
South Asia. The word is mainly used in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. Ragging involves existing students baiting or bullying new students. It often takes a malignant form wherein the newcomers may be subjected to psychological or physical torture.
In 2009 the University Grants Commission of India im... | 6,128,523 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
it has been difficult for researchers to agree on the underlying social and psychological mechanisms that perpetuate hazing. In military circles hazing is sometimes assumed to test recruits under situations of stress and hostility. Although in no way a recreation of combat, hazing does put people into stressful ... | 6,128,524 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
according to opponents, is that the stress and hostility comes from "inside" the group, and not from "outside" as in actual combat situation, creating suspicion and distrust towards the superiors and comrades-in-arms. Willing participants may be motivated by a desire to prove to senior soldiers their stability i... | 6,128,525 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
may lead into fragging incidents. Colleges and universities sometimes avoid publicizing hazing incidents for fear of damaging institutional reputations or incurring financial liability to victims.
In a 1999 study, a survey of 3,293 collegiate athletes, coaches, athletic directors and deans found a variety of ap... | 6,128,526 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
half of all college athletes are involved in alcohol-related hazing incidents, while one in five are involved in potentially illegal hazing incidents. Only another one in five was involved in what Hoover described as positive initiation events, such as taking team trips or running obstacle courses.
Hoover wrote... | 6,128,527 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
U.S.-style fraternities and sororities.) Hoover found that non-fraternity members were most at risk of hazing, and that football players are most at risk of potentially dangerous or illegal hazing. In the May issue of the "American Journal of Emergency Medicine", Michelle Finkel reported that hazing injuries are... | 6,128,528 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
injury or death, burning or branding, excessive calisthenics, being forced to eat unpleasant substances, and psychological or sexual abuse of both males and females". Reported coerced sexual activity is sometimes considered "horseplay" rather than rape, she wrote. Finkel quoted from Hank Nuwer's book "Wrongs of ... | 6,128,529 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
said "The guy laid out was inches from being dead." Under further investigation, the Marines had just returned from a six-month tour of Iraq, and were in their "cooling down" period, in which they spend two weeks at a naval base before they are allowed back into society. The man who suffered the kick to the head... | 6,128,530 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
and staff at 18 of these campuses. Through the vision and efforts of many, this study fills a major gap in the research and extends the breadth and depth of knowledge and understanding about hazing. Ten initial findings are described in the report, Hazing in View: College Students at Risk. These include:
- 1. M... | 6,128,531 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
where it has been taken too far and has resulted in death or near death experiences. Sometimes people who haze others are too indulged in the act of doing it that they’re not attentive to possible harm to the other person.
- 1495: Leipzig University banned the hazing of freshmen by other students: "Statute Forb... | 6,128,532 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
streets, courts, colleges and living houses, or any place whatsoever, and particularly in the present college, when they have entered in order to matriculate or are leaving after matriculation."
- 1684: Cambridge, Massachusetts, a Harvard Student, Joseph Webb, was expelled for hazing.
- 1873: a "New York Times... | 6,128,533 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
he had hot sauce poured down his throat on three occasions as well as a number of other grueling hazing practices, such as brutal beatings and having hot wax poured on him in the night. His family claimed that scarring from the hot sauce made him more susceptible to the infection, causing his death. Among other ... | 6,128,534 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
Point.
- 1903: Three young boys, aged 11, 10, and 7, read about hazing practices in college and decided to try it themselves. They built a fire in a pasture behind the schoolhouse and led 9-year-old Ralph Canning to the spot. They heated a number of stones until they were red hot. The boys forced Canning to bot... | 6,128,535 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
at the University of Utah. Tubbing was a hazing ritual that involved pushing the victim's head under water until they can no longer hold their breath and gasp for air under the water. His death through class hazing – hazing of freshmen by upperclassmen – led to the practice being banned at the University of Utah... | 6,128,536 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
telling police and ambulance workers instead that he was suffering from a "nervous spasm". He died 2 hours later. The incident inspired the 1977 film "Fraternity Row" as well as an episode of "CSI: Crime Scene Investigation" called "Pledging Mr. Johnson".
- 1967: Delta Kappa Epsilon, Yale University. Future pre... | 6,128,537 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
symbolic grave), when the walls collapsed and Flowers was buried, causing his death. His death spurred an anti-hazing statute in New York. Flowers would have been the first black member of ZBT at Monmouth had he survived.
- 1975: Rupa Rathnaseeli, a 22-year-old student of the Faculty of Agriculture, University ... | 6,128,538 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
York, student Chuck Stenzel died in a fraternity hazing incident from aspirated vomit while passed out following an evening of drinking at Klan Alpine fraternity. He had been transported to the frat house in a car trunk along with two other pledges. Following his death, his mother formed CHUCK, the Committee to ... | 6,128,539 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
was murdered on the campus due to hazing. He was subjected to sadistic ragging and in the post-mortem a large quantity of toothpaste was found in his rectum.
- 1997: During the hazing period of a Dutch fraternity, a pledge was run over by members when he was sleeping drunk in the grass. A few weeks later, a ple... | 6,128,540 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
a hazing ritual.
- 2004: On September 16, 2004, Lynn Gordon Baily Jr died at the age of 18 during a hazing ritual that he participated in. He was a part of the Chi Psi Fraternity at the University of Colorado.
- 2005: Matthew Carrington was killed at Chico State University during a hazing activity on February ... | 6,128,541 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
Sychyov, required the amputation of his legs and genitalia after he was forced to squat for four hours whilst being beaten and tortured by a military group on New Year's Eve, 2005. President Vladimir Putin spoke out about the incident and ordered Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov "to submit proposals on legal and o... | 6,128,542 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
2007: On June 26 at the Tokisukaze stable, 17-year-old Sumo wrestler Takashi Saito was beaten to death by his fellow rikishi with a beer bottle and metal baseball bat at the direction of his trainer, Jun'ichi Yamamoto. Though originally reported as heart failure, Saito's father demanded an autopsy, which uncover... | 6,128,543 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
suffered second-degree burns needing medical treatment. The student who set the victim's costume on fire was sentenced to 50 hours of unpaid labor.
- 2011: Two Andover High School basketball players were expelled and five were suspended for pressuring underclassmen to play "wet biscuit", where the loser was for... | 6,128,544 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
and 13 people were charged with felony or misdemeanor hazing crimes. Eleven of those individuals face one count of third-degree felony hazing resulting in death, which is punishable by up to six years in prison. The FAMU incident prompted Florida Governor Rick Scott to order all state universities to examine the... | 6,128,545 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
a fraternity, Pi Delta Psi, tried to tackle him. During at least one tackle, he was lifted up and dropped on the ground in a move known as spearing. He complained his head hurt but continued participating and was eventually knocked out. After Mr. Deng was knocked unconscious, the authorities said the fraternity ... | 6,128,546 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
locker-room floor, his arms and feet held down by multiple upperclassmen. Then, the victim would be lifted to his feet" and sexually abused. Six of the team members were sentenced for lesser crimes, and the seventh case was still pending in 2016.
- 2016: in August 2016, a student in a Dutch fraternity suffered ... | 6,128,547 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
to a fine of €1,000.
- 2016: In December 2016, Newcastle University student Ed Farmer, 20, died from a cardiac arrest and immense brain damage after an initiation ceremony into the Agricultural Society. Events included head shaving, being sprayed with paint used to mark stock, drinking vodka from a pig's head a... | 6,128,548 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
before calling for medical assistance. The Piazza case resulted in one of the largest hazing prosecutions in United States history. Following a grand jury investigation, 18 members of the fraternity were charged in connection with Piazza's death: 8 were charged with involuntary manslaughter and the rest with oth... | 6,128,549 |
441201 | Hazing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazing | Hazing
with other offenses, including hazing. In addition to the fraternity "brothers", the fraternity itself (Beta Theta Pi) was also charged.
- 2017: Maxwell Gruver (Louisiana State University, at 18 years old)
- 2017: Andrew Coffey (Florida State, at 20 years old)
- 2017: Matthew Ellis (Texas State, at 20 years o... | 6,128,550 |
441262 | Herzog (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herzog%20(disambiguation) | Herzog (disambiguation)
Herzog (disambiguation)
Herzog is a German title of nobility.
Herzog may also refer to:
# People.
## Academia.
- Fritz Herzog (1902–2001), American mathematician
- Hanna Herzog (born 1946), sociology professor at Tel Aviv University
- Johann Jakob Herzog (1805–1882), German Protestant the... | 6,128,551 |
441262 | Herzog (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herzog%20(disambiguation) | Herzog (disambiguation)
Jens-Daniel Herzog (born 1964), German stage director
- Seth Herzog, American comedian
- Werner Herzog (born 1942), German: screenwriter, film director, actor and opera director
## Politicians and religious leaders.
- Herzog family
- Chaim Herzog (1918–1997), sixth president of Israel; son ... | 6,128,552 |
441262 | Herzog (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herzog%20(disambiguation) | Herzog (disambiguation)
(1878–1971), American politician
- Maurice Herzog (1919–2012), French mountaineer and politician
- Robert Herzog (1823–1886), Polish Roman Catholic bishop
- Roman Herzog (1934–2017), President of Germany from 1994 to 1999
- Ronald Paul Herzog (1942–1942), American Roman Catholic bishop
- Yi... | 6,128,553 |
441262 | Herzog (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herzog%20(disambiguation) | Herzog (disambiguation)
manager
## Writers and journalists.
- Arthur Herzog (1927–2010), American novelist
- Émile Herzog (1885–1967), Franco-German writer, known by his pen name André Maurois
- Wilhelm Herzog (1884–1960), German historian, dramatist, and pacifist
- Vladimir Herzog (1937–1975), Croatian-Brazilian ... | 6,128,554 |
441262 | Herzog (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herzog%20(disambiguation) | Herzog (disambiguation)
og (1906–1998), German military officer
- Sofie Herzog (1846–1925), Texas physician
- Todd Herzog (born 1985), winner of ""
# Ships.
- , the name of more than one United States Navy ship
# Other.
- "Herzog" (novel), a novel by Saul Bellow
- "Herzog" (video game), a strategy video game by ... | 6,128,555 |
441256 | List of localities in England by population | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20localities%20in%20England%20by%20population | List of localities in England by population
List of localities in England by population
"This article is provided for historical interest only, because this sense of 'locality' disappears in the 2011 census and consequently the table cannot be updated reliably. The data here shows the figures as at 2001 and is deliber... | 6,128,556 |
441256 | List of localities in England by population | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20localities%20in%20England%20by%20population | List of localities in England by population
re-organisation in 1974, the boundaries of current authorities within agglomerations, or the points where previously separate urban areas joined.
Localities are not the same as local government areas such as cities or borough council areas, as localities are based upon the a... | 6,128,557 |
441256 | List of localities in England by population | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20localities%20in%20England%20by%20population | List of localities in England by population
ocal government boundaries. For the population of these local government areas see List of English districts by population.
This is a list of the localities within England that had a population greater than 100,000 at the time of the United Kingdom Census 2001.
# See also.
... | 6,128,558 |
441234 | 7th Armored Division (United States) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=7th%20Armored%20Division%20(United%20States) | 7th Armored Division (United States)
7th Armored Division (United States)
The 7th Armored Division ("Lucky Seventh") was an armored division of the United States Army that saw distinguished service on the Western Front, from August 1944 until May 1945, during World War II.
# History.
The division was activated on 1 ... | 6,128,559 |
441234 | 7th Armored Division (United States) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=7th%20Armored%20Division%20(United%20States) | 7th Armored Division (United States)
Division
- Headquarters and Headquarters Company, Combat Command A
- Headquarters and Headquarters Company, Combat Command B
- Headquarters, Reserve Command
- 17th Tank Battalion
- 31st Tank Battalion
- 40th Tank Battalion
- 23rd Armored Infantry Battalion
- 38th Armored Inf... | 6,128,560 |
441234 | 7th Armored Division (United States) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=7th%20Armored%20Division%20(United%20States) | 7th Armored Division (United States)
Armored Division Trains
- 129th Armored Ordnance Maintenance Battalion
- 77th Armored Medical Battalion
- Military Police Platoon
- Band
## Action in France.
The 7th Armored Division landed on Omaha and Utah Beaches, 13–14 August 1944, and was assigned to U.S. Third Army, comm... | 6,128,561 |
441234 | 7th Armored Division (United States) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=7th%20Armored%20Division%20(United%20States) | 7th Armored Division (United States)
on 6 September drove on toward the Moselle and made a crossing near Dornot. This crossing had to be withdrawn in the face of the heavy fortifications around Metz. The 7th Armored then made attempts to cross the Moselle northwest of Metz but the deep river valley was not suitable ter... | 6,128,562 |
441234 | 7th Armored Division (United States) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=7th%20Armored%20Division%20(United%20States) | 7th Armored Division (United States)
north.
## Support of Operation Market Garden.
On 25 September 1944, the 7th Armored Division was transferred to the U.S. Ninth Army, under Lieutenant General William Hood Simpson, and began the march to the Netherlands where they were needed to protect the right (east) flank of th... | 6,128,563 |
441234 | 7th Armored Division (United States) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=7th%20Armored%20Division%20(United%20States) | 7th Armored Division (United States)
from the north on the town of Overloon, against significant German defenses. The attacks progressed slowly and finally settled into a series of counter-attacks reminiscent of trench warfare of World War I. On 8 October, the division was relieved from the attack on Overloon by the Br... | 6,128,564 |
441234 | 7th Armored Division (United States) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=7th%20Armored%20Division%20(United%20States) | 7th Armored Division (United States)
27 October 1944, the main part of the 7th Armored Division was in essentially defensive positions along the line Nederweert (and south) to Meijel to Liesel, with the demonstration force still in the attack across the Deurne canal to the east. The Germans launched a two-division offe... | 6,128,565 |
441234 | 7th Armored Division (United States) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=7th%20Armored%20Division%20(United%20States) | 7th Armored Division (United States)
they had taken. During this operation, at midnight on the night of 31 October–1 November Major General Lindsay Silvester, who had led the division since its activation, was relieved as commander of the division and replaced by Major General Robert W. Hasbrouck.
## Refit and retrain... | 6,128,566 |
441234 | 7th Armored Division (United States) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=7th%20Armored%20Division%20(United%20States) | 7th Armored Division (United States)
straddled the Dutch-German border with one combat command in Germany (in the area of Ubach, north of Aachen) and two in the Netherlands.
Elements of the division were attached to the 84th Infantry Division for operations in early December in the area of Linnich, Germany, on the ban... | 6,128,567 |
441234 | 7th Armored Division (United States) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=7th%20Armored%20Division%20(United%20States) | 7th Armored Division (United States)
elements of the 106th, the 28th Infantry Division and 9th Armored Divisions) absorbed much of the weight of the German drive, throwing the German time table into great disarray, before being forced to withdraw west of the Salm River on 23 December. The division moved to the area of ... | 6,128,568 |
441234 | 7th Armored Division (United States) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=7th%20Armored%20Division%20(United%20States) | 7th Armored Division (United States)
of the month, Combat Command R was attached to 78th Infantry Division for attacks on Strauch, Simmerath, Steckenborn, and other towns in the area of the Huertgen Forest. The Division remained in the area of Steckenborn, Germany throughout the month, waiting for the flood waters to r... | 6,128,569 |
441234 | 7th Armored Division (United States) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=7th%20Armored%20Division%20(United%20States) | 7th Armored Division (United States)
in two major breakthroughs with a two-week period during which they established and maintained an important defensive position. The first breakthrough came early in March when the division, as part of the III Corps, pushed east from the Rur river to establish a defensive position al... | 6,128,570 |
441234 | 7th Armored Division (United States) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=7th%20Armored%20Division%20(United%20States) | 7th Armored Division (United States)
part of the encirclement of the Ruhr Pocket and captured the critical Edersee Dam. They then attacked into the Ruhr Pocket, in order to reduce it. On 16 April the LIII Panzer Corps surrendered to the division and the eastern sector of the pocket collapsed. The 7th Armored, after a b... | 6,128,571 |
441234 | 7th Armored Division (United States) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=7th%20Armored%20Division%20(United%20States) | 7th Armored Division (United States)
Prisoner of war: 925
## Occupation duty.
The division was then moved into the future Soviet zone of occupation, at Dessau, Germany. President Truman wanted one of his armored divisions parading in front of him on the 4 July in Berlin, and 2nd and 7th Armored were both prepared for... | 6,128,572 |
441234 | 7th Armored Division (United States) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=7th%20Armored%20Division%20(United%20States) | 7th Armored Division (United States)
of Japan. Other large groups of high-point men were transferred to other units that were going back home before the 7th Armored Division was inactivated.
## Inactivation.
The division returned to New York and was inactivated on 11 October 1945.
## Achievements.
During its servic... | 6,128,573 |
441234 | 7th Armored Division (United States) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=7th%20Armored%20Division%20(United%20States) | 7th Armored Division (United States)
(only pieces larger than 50mm included): 361;
- Prisoners taken: 113,041.
## Division statistics.
- Distance travelled ;
- Gasoline consumed
- Ammunition expended
- 105mm: 350,027 rounds
- 76mm: 19,209 rounds
- 75mm: 48,724 rounds
- .50cal: 1,267,128 rounds
- .45cal: 540,5... | 6,128,574 |
441234 | 7th Armored Division (United States) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=7th%20Armored%20Division%20(United%20States) | 7th Armored Division (United States)
e early 1950s, but was not sent to Korea. It was stationed at Camp Roberts, California for the duration of the conflict.
# External links.
- 7th Armored Division Association
- 7th Armored Division Document Repository
- 7th Armored Division Troops in the Battle at Baraque de Frai... | 6,128,575 |
441252 | Norman Garstin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norman%20Garstin | Norman Garstin
Norman Garstin
Norman Garstin (28 August 1847 – 22 June 1926) was an Irish artist, teacher, art critic and journalist associated with the Newlyn School of painters. After completing his studies in Antwerp and Paris, Garstin travelled around Europe and painted some of his first professional paintings whi... | 6,128,576 |
441252 | Norman Garstin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norman%20Garstin | Norman Garstin
1847 in Caherconlish, County Limerick, Ireland to Captain William Garstin and Mary Moore Garstin. He was raised by aunts and grandparents following his father's suicide and his mother's incapacitating disabilities.
Garstin attended Victoria College on the island of Jersey and then he worked in architect... | 6,128,577 |
441252 | Norman Garstin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norman%20Garstin | Norman Garstin
and Venice, Italy.
In 1886, he married Louisa Jones, also known as Dochie. Many of Garstin's friends from school in Antwerp had settled in Newlyn; Garstin and Dochie moved to Mount Vernon in Newlyn by 1886. They had three children: Crosbie, Denis and Alethea. The boys took up journalism and Alethea beca... | 6,128,578 |
441252 | Norman Garstin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norman%20Garstin | Norman Garstin
and a shrewd critic, and had a true eye for a picture with old architecture and historic atmosphere, as well as a brush capable of rendering his intentions with right effect.
In 1888 he became a member of the New English Art Club (NEAC). Garstin became a member of the Newlyn Society of Artists (NSA) and... | 6,128,579 |
441252 | Norman Garstin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norman%20Garstin | Norman Garstin
to "his favorite painting haunts on the Continent." For instance, Frances Hodgkins, a New Zealand artist, attended Garstin's 1901 and 1902 summer sketching classes in France. He taught Harold Harvey, the only Cornish Newlyn School painter, and his daughter, Alethea.
# Works.
His work consisted primaril... | 6,128,580 |
441252 | Norman Garstin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norman%20Garstin | Norman Garstin
"King Lear" and "Twelfth Night." "The composition of this painting demonstrates Garstin's admiration for Japanese art," says Penlee House.
A partial list of his works includes:
- "Crosbie Garstin as a Baby," 1887, oil on canvas, Penlee House, loan from Newlyn Art Gallery
- "In a Cottage by the Sea," 1... | 6,128,581 |
441252 | Norman Garstin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norman%20Garstin | Norman Garstin
887, watercolour
- "The Rain, it raineth every day", 1889, oil on canvas
- "A View of Newlyn from the North Pier," c. 1892, oil on canvas, Penlee House, loan from Newlyn Art Gallery
- "Houses and Boats", oil on panel, Penlee House, loan from Newlyn Art Gallery
- "Market Jew Street", oil on panel, Pen... | 6,128,582 |
441235 | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roger%20Mortimer,%201st%20Earl%20of%20March | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March
Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March
Roger Mortimer, 3rd Baron Mortimer, 1st Earl of March (25 April 128729 November 1330), was an English nobleman and powerful Marcher lord who gained many estates in the Welsh Marches and Ireland following his advantageous marriage to the wealthy heires... | 6,128,583 |
441235 | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roger%20Mortimer,%201st%20Earl%20of%20March | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March
a successful invasion and rebellion, Edward was subsequently deposed; Mortimer allegedly arranged his murder at Berkeley Castle. For three years, Mortimer was "de facto" ruler of England before being himself overthrown by Edward's eldest son, Edward III. Accused of assuming royal power... | 6,128,584 |
441235 | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roger%20Mortimer,%201st%20Earl%20of%20March | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March
with King Edward II, which would be relevant later in life. Edmund Mortimer was a second son, intended for minor orders and a clerical career, but on the sudden death of his elder brother Ralph, Edmund was recalled from Oxford University and installed as heir. According to his biograph... | 6,128,585 |
441235 | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roger%20Mortimer,%201st%20Earl%20of%20March | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March
many noble children of his time, Mortimer was betrothed at a young age, to Joan de Geneville (born 1286), the daughter of Sir Piers de Geneville, of Trim Castle and Ludlow. They were married on 20 September 1301 when he was aged fourteen. Their first child was born in 1302.
Through hi... | 6,128,586 |
441235 | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roger%20Mortimer,%201st%20Earl%20of%20March | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March
to Mortimer, and then retired: he finally died in 1314, with Joan succeeding as "suo jure" 2nd Baroness Geneville. During his lifetime Geoffrey also conveyed much of the remainder of his legacy, such as Kenlys, to his younger son Simon de Geneville, who had meanwhile become Baron of Cu... | 6,128,587 |
441235 | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roger%20Mortimer,%201st%20Earl%20of%20March | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March
at the death of his father, he was placed by King Edward I under the guardianship of Piers Gaveston, 1st Earl of Cornwall. However, on 22 May 1306, in a lavish ceremony in Westminster Abbey with two hundred and fifty-nine others, he was knighted by Edward and granted livery of his full... | 6,128,588 |
441235 | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roger%20Mortimer,%201st%20Earl%20of%20March | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March
the de Lacys into Connaught, wreaking vengeance on their adherents whenever they were to be found. He returned to England and Wales in 1318 and was then occupied for some years with baronial disputes on the Welsh border.
# Opposition to Edward II.
Mortimer became disaffected with his... | 6,128,589 |
441235 | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roger%20Mortimer,%201st%20Earl%20of%20March | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March
led a march against London, his men wearing the Mortimer uniform which was green with a yellow sleeve. He was prevented from entering the capital, although his forces put it under siege. These acts of insurrection compelled the Lords Ordainers led by Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster, to o... | 6,128,590 |
441235 | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roger%20Mortimer,%201st%20Earl%20of%20March | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March
which is known as the Despenser War.
In January 1322 Mortimer attacked and burnt Bridgnorth but, being heavily outnumbered, was forced to surrender to the king at Shrewsbury. Mortimer joined Lancaster at the Battle of Boroughbridge in March 1322 and warrants for his arrest were issued... | 6,128,591 |
441235 | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roger%20Mortimer,%201st%20Earl%20of%20March | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March
fled to France, pursued by warrants for his capture dead or alive.
In the following year Queen Isabella, anxious to escape from her husband, obtained his consent to her going to France to use her influence with her brother, King Charles IV, in favour of peace. At the French court the ... | 6,128,592 |
441235 | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roger%20Mortimer,%201st%20Earl%20of%20March | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March
his fate in the Tower. His subsequent escape became one of medieval England's most colourful episodes. However almost certainly Isabella risked everything by chancing Mortimer's companionship and emotional support when they first met again at Paris four years later (Christmas 1325). Ki... | 6,128,593 |
441235 | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roger%20Mortimer,%201st%20Earl%20of%20March | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March
and an army supplied by his supporters back in England, who had been sending him aid and advice since at least March 1326.
# Invasion of England and defeat of Edward II.
The scandal of Isabella's relations with Mortimer compelled them both to withdraw from the French court to Flander... | 6,128,594 |
441235 | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roger%20Mortimer,%201st%20Earl%20of%20March | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March
helplessly for some weeks in Wales, the king was taken prisoner on 16 November, and was compelled to abdicate in favour of his son. Though the latter was crowned as Edward III of England on 25 January 1327, the country was ruled by Mortimer and Isabella. On 21 September that same year,... | 6,128,595 |
441235 | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roger%20Mortimer,%201st%20Earl%20of%20March | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March
year of the new king's reign. Rich estates and offices of profit and power were heaped on Mortimer. He was made constable of Wallingford Castle and in September 1328 he was created Earl of March. However, although in military terms he was far more competent than the Despensers, his amb... | 6,128,596 |
441235 | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roger%20Mortimer,%201st%20Earl%20of%20March | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March
He was also granted the "marcher" lordship of Montgomery by the queen. During the War of Saint Sardos the Regent and his queen spent over £60,000 bankrupting the Treasury, even after the proscriptions of Arundel and the Despensers. The Lancastrian opposition were incensed by this casua... | 6,128,597 |
441235 | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roger%20Mortimer,%201st%20Earl%20of%20March | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March
robbers. Whereupon March swore on Mepham's cross that he knew nothing of it. Nonetheless the King decreed an indictment; he would be judged at law against the standards of Magna Carta. With Parliament adjourned on 31 October, he was able to slip away to his estates on the Marches. The ... | 6,128,598 |
441235 | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roger%20Mortimer,%201st%20Earl%20of%20March | Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March
with the Scots.
Henry, Earl of Lancaster, one of the principals behind Edward II's deposition, tried to overthrow Mortimer, but the action was ineffective as the young king passively stood by. Then, in March 1330, Mortimer ordered the execution of Edmund, Earl of Kent, the half-brothe... | 6,128,599 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.