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441357 | Somali language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Somali%20language | Somali language
Grammar.
## Morphology.
Somali is an agglutinative language, and also shows properties of inflection. Affixes mark many grammatical meanings, including aspect, tense and case.
Somali has an old prefixal verbal inflection restricted to four common verbs, with all other verbs undergoing inflection by more obvious suffixation. This general pattern is similar to the stem alternation that typifies Cairene Arabic.
Changes in pitch are used for grammatical rather than lexical purposes. This includes distinctions of gender, number and case. In some cases, these distinctions are marked by tone alone (e.g. "Ínan", "boy"; "inán", "girl").
Somali has two sets of pronouns: independent (substantive, | 6,129,100 |
441357 | Somali language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Somali%20language | Somali language
emphatic) pronouns and clitic (verbal) pronouns. The independent pronouns behave grammatically as nouns, and normally occur with the suffixed article -ka/-ta (e.g. "adiga", "you"). This article may be omitted after a conjunction or focus word. For example, "adna" meaning "and you..." (from "adi"-"na"). Clitic pronouns are attached to the verb and do not take nominal morphology. Somali marks clusivity in the first person plural pronouns; this is also found in a number of other East Cushitic languages, such as Rendille and Dhaasanac.
As in various other Afro-Asiatic languages, Somali has gender polarity whereby plural nouns usually take the opposite gender agreement of their singular forms. For | 6,129,101 |
441357 | Somali language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Somali%20language | Somali language
example, the plural of the masculine noun "dibi" ("bull") is formed by converting it into feminine "dibi". Somali is unusual among the world's languages in that the object is unmarked for case while the subject is marked, though this feature is found in other Cushitic languages such as Oromo.
## Syntax.
Somali is a subject–object–verb (SOV) language. It is largely head final, with postpositions and with obliques preceding verbs. These are common features of the Cushitic and Semitic Afroasiatic languages spoken in the Horn region (e.g. Amharic). However, Somali noun phrases are head-initial, whereby the noun precedes its modifying adjective. This pattern of general head-finality with head-initial | 6,129,102 |
441357 | Somali language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Somali%20language | Somali language
noun phrases is also found in other Cushitic languages (e.g. Oromo), but not generally in Ethiopian Semitic languages.
Somali uses three focus markers: "baa", "ayaa" and "waxa(a)", which generally mark new information or contrastive emphasis. "Baa" and "ayaa" require the focused element to occur preverbally, while "waxa(a)" may be used following the verb.
# Vocabulary.
Somali loanwords can be divided into those derived from other Afroasiatic languages (mainly Arabic), and those of Indo-European extraction (mainly Italian).
Somali's main lexical borrowings come from Arabic, and are estimated to constitute about 20% of the language's vocabulary. This is a legacy of the Somali people's extensive | 6,129,103 |
441357 | Somali language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Somali%20language | Somali language
social, cultural, commercial and religious links and contacts with nearby populations in the Arabian peninsula. Arabic loanwords are most commonly used in religious, administrative and education-related speech (e.g. "aamiin" for "faith in God"), though they are also present in other areas (e.g. "kubbad-da", "ball"). Soravia (1994) noted a total of 1,436 Arabic loanwords in Agostini a.o. 1985, a prominent 40,000-entry Somali dictionary. Most of the terms consisted of commonly used nouns. These lexical borrowings may have been more extensive in the past since a few words that Zaborski (1967:122) observed in the older literature were absent in Agostini's later work. In addition, the majority of | 6,129,104 |
441357 | Somali language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Somali%20language | Somali language
personal names are derived from Arabic.
The Somali language also contains a few Indo-European loanwords that were retained from the colonial period. Most of these lexical borrowings come from English and Italian and are used to describe new objects or modern concepts (e.g. "telefishen-ka", "television"; "raadia-ha", "radio"). There are as well 300 directly Romance loans, such as "garawati" for "tie" (from the Italian "").
Indeed the most used loanwords from the Italian are "ciao" as a friendly salute, "dimuqraadi" from Italian "democratico" (democratic), "mikroskoob" from "microscopio (microscope), "Jalaato" from "gelato" (ice cream), "baasto" from "pasta" (pasta), "bataate" from "patate" | 6,129,105 |
441357 | Somali language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Somali%20language | Somali language
(potato), "bistoolad" from "pistol" (pistol), "fiyoore" from "fiore" (flower) and "injinyeer" from "ingegnere" (engineer). Somalis call their calendar months as Soon, soonfur, siditaal, carafa...but these changed recently. Furthermore, all the months in Somali language are now loaned words from the Italian, like "Febraayo" that comes from "febbraio" (February).
Additionally, Somali contains lexical terms from Persian, Urdu and Hindi that were acquired through historical trade with communities in the Near East and South Asia (e.g. "khiyaar" "cucumber" from "khiyār"). Some of these words were also borrowed indirectly via Arabic.
As part of a broader governmental effort to ensure and safeguard | 6,129,106 |
441357 | Somali language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Somali%20language | Somali language
the primacy of the Somali language, the past few decades have seen a push in Somalia toward replacement of loanwords in general with their Somali equivalents or neologisms. To this end, the Supreme Revolutionary Council during its tenure officially prohibited the borrowing and use of English and Italian terms.
# Writing system.
Archaeological excavations and research in Somalia uncovered ancient inscriptions in a distinct writing system. In an 1878 report to the Royal Geographical Society of Great Britain, scientist Johann Maria Hildebrandt noted upon visiting the area that "we know from ancient authors that these districts, at present so desert, were formerly populous and civilised[...] I | 6,129,107 |
441357 | Somali language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Somali%20language | Somali language
also discovered ancient ruins and rock-inscriptions both in pictures and characters[...] These have hitherto not been deciphered." According to Somalia's Ministry of Information and National Guidance, this script represents the earliest written attestation of Somali.
Besides Ahmed's Latin script, other orthographies that have been used for centuries for writing the Somali language include the long-established Arabic script and Wadaad writing. According to Bogumił Andrzejewski, this usage was limited to Somali clerics and their associates, as sheikhs preferred to write in the liturgical Arabic language. Various such historical manuscripts in Somali nonetheless exist, which mainly consist of | 6,129,108 |
441357 | Somali language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Somali%20language | Somali language
Islamic poems (qasidas), recitations and chants. Among these texts are the Somali poems by Sheikh Uways and Sheikh Ismaaciil Faarah. The rest of the existing historical literature in Somali principally consists of translations of documents from Arabic.
Since then a number of writing systems have been used for transcribing the Somali language. Of these, the Somali Latin alphabet, officially adopted in 1972, is the most widely used and the official. The script was developed by the Somali linguist Shire Jama Ahmed specifically for the Somali language, and uses all letters of the English Latin alphabet except "p", "v" and "z". There are no diacritics or other special characters except the use of | 6,129,109 |
441357 | Somali language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Somali%20language | Somali language
the apostrophe for the glottal stop, which does not occur word-initially. There are three consonant digraphs: DH, KH and SH. Tone is not marked, and front and back vowels are not distinguished.
Writing systems developed in the twentieth century include the Osmanya, Borama and Kaddare alphabets, which were invented by Osman Yusuf Kenadid, Abdurahman Sheikh Nuur and Hussein Sheikh Ahmed Kaddare, respectively.
# Sample text.
## Months of the year.
waabariis
# See also.
- Languages of Djibouti
- Languages of Somalia
- Somali Sign Language
- Somali literature
- Somali Studies
- Somali Latin alphabet
# Further reading.
- Abdullahi, Mohamed Diriye (2000). "Le Somali, dialectes et histoire". | 6,129,110 |
441357 | Somali language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Somali%20language | Somali language
Ph.D. dissertation, Université de Montréal.
- Armstrong, L.E. (1964). "The phonetic structure of Somali," "Mitteilungen des Seminars für Orientalische Sprachen Berlin" 37/3:116-161.
- Bell, C.R.V. (1953). "The Somali Language". London: Longmans, Green & Co.
- Berchem, Jörg (1991). "Referenzgrammatik des Somali". Köln: Omimee.
- Cardona, G.R. (1981). "Profilo fonologico del somalo," "Fonologia e lessico". Ed. G.R. Cardona & F. Agostini. Rome: Dipartimento per la Cooperazione allo Sviluppo; Comitato Tecnico Linguistico per l'Università Nazionale Somala, Ministero degli Affari Esteri. Volume 1, pages 3–26.
- Dobnova, Elena Z. (1990). "Sovremennyj somalijskij jazyk". Moskva: Nauka.
- Puglielli, | 6,129,111 |
441357 | Somali language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Somali%20language | Somali language
997). "Somali Phonology," "Phonologies of Asia and Africa, Volume 1". Ed. Alan S. Kaye. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. Pages 521-535.
- Lamberti, M. (1986). "Die Somali-Dialekte". Hamburg: Buske.
- Lamberti, M. (1986). "Map of the Somali-Dialects in the Somali Democratic Republic". Hamburg: Buske.
- Saeed, John Ibrahim (1987). "Somali Reference Grammar." Springfield, VA: Dunwoody Press.
# External links.
- Somali Language Page: Resources, links and information on the Somali language.
- Hooyo.Web - Somali Grammar
- Bibliographies on Somali language resources
- Learn101 - Learn Somali
- Digital Dialects - Somali language learning games
- Enhancing the Quality of Google Somali Translations | 6,129,112 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
Allan Caidic
Allan Vito Flores Caidic (born June 15, 1963, Pasig, Rizal, Philippines) is a Filipino retired professional basketball player in the PBA. He is considered by many to be the greatest shooter the country has ever produced, thus, earning the moniker, "The Triggerman".
He played college hoops at the University of the East before joining the PBA in 1987, where he broke several Philippine and PBA all-time records—including the most points scored in a single game (79 points), the most three-point field goals made in a single game (17 triples; breaking his previous record of 15 triples), the most consecutive freethrows made (76), and the most three-point field goals in a career (1,242 | 6,129,113 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
triples; later surpassed by Jimmy Alapag). He has played with several PBA teams and won numerous championships. He played for the Philippine national basketball team including the 1998 Philippine Centennial Team.
While in the league, he was considered one of the best three-point shooters in Asia. The vaunted Chinese national basketball team recognized his ability by always reminding their players to be on the lookout for "Philippine No. 8", referring to Caidic's regular jersey number while playing for the National Team.
# Playing career.
## High school, college and amateur career.
Caidic is from Paete, Laguna and started playing basketball when he was in his fifth grade at Roosevelt College | 6,129,114 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
and in the Inter Subdivision Leagues at Brookside in Cainta before trying out for college teams such as the Ateneo Blue Eagles and the Mapua Cardinals but was unsuccessful. He then tried out for the Letran Knights and was accepted. But after realizing that Letran does not have an engineering program, he left. Allan was then taking up Mechanical Engineering. He was later accepted in University of the East (UE) but had to sit out on the reserve list as UE's lineup was already complete. Finally in 1981 under coach Roberto Flores, Caidic got his break and delivered well. In a deciding game between the UE Red Warriors and the FEU Tamaraws, Caidic missed two crucial free throws that handed the UAAP | 6,129,115 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
championship to the unbeaten Tamaraws. In 1982, he bounced back by leading the Red Warriors to a comeback win against the UP Fighting Maroons in the finals, scoring 30 points to capture the UAAP basketball championship and won the Most Valuable Player award.
In 1983, Caidic was seeded number one in the UAAP one-on-one championships. Unfortunately, he only placed second to UST's rookie Silverio Palad. In his final two years, he, along with Jerry Codiñera, led the Red Warriors to back-to-back championships in 1984–1985, the last University of the East basketball team ever to win a championship in the 20th Century. At the same time, he played for several teams in the Philippine Amateur Basketball | 6,129,116 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
League while playing for the national team.
He played for several PABL teams such as CF Sharp, ESQ Marketing and the Magnolia Ice Cream/Lagerlite. He also played for commercial teams internationally, notably the Development Bank of Rizal (1983) that finished third in an invitational tournament in Malaysia and the Country Fair Hotdogs in the 1984 William Jones Cup tournament.
## Northern Consolidated National Team.
In 1984–1985, Caidic was part of Danding Cojuangco’s national basketball development program, which formed a team that represented the Philippines in international competitions, which aimed win the 1986 Asian Basketball Confederation crown (now known as the FIBA Asia Championship) | 6,129,117 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
which was last won by the Philippines in 1973.
In the 1985 William Jones Cup, Caidic played in the San Miguel Beer-Philippines’ overtime victory against the US, coached by Gene Keady, in the finals. His shooting mentor, Arthur "Chip" Engelland, scored 43 points while Caidic scored 21, to lead the Filipinos in a 108–100 overtime victory to capture the Jones Cup title. Keady, later, told Ron Jacobs that he had the highest respect for two Filipino cagers whom he called 'Heckle and Jeckle' (referring to Allan Caidic and Samboy Lim).
He led the Philippines in capturing the 1985 South East Asian Games Gold Medal and in 1986, he led the last all-amateur national team to capture the FIBA Asia Championship | 6,129,118 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
gold medal and scored 22 points in an 82–72 win over China in the finals. After winning the Asian Championship, the Philippines qualified for the 1986 FIBA World Championship at Madrid, Spain, but due to the political crisis in the country (that led to the 1986 Philippine People Power EDSA Revolution), the national team did not participate in the tournament.
He is a four-time Asian Games veteran as a player and shared this distinction with Alvin Patrimonio, as the only PBA players to play in four Asiads (1986, 1990, 1994, 1998). In 1986, he led an all-amateur national team to an Asian Games bronze medal, after a heart breaking controversial loss to South Korea in the semi-final. He also holds | 6,129,119 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
the distinction of being the only Filipino player to win the William Jones Cup championships twice, once as an amateur in 1985 and once as a professional in 1998.
## PBA career.
### Great Taste/Presto Tivoli.
In 1984–1985, Caidic played in the PBA for the all-amateur guest NCC national team, preparing for international competitions, and went on to win the 1985 PBA Reinforced Conference. In 1986, he returned to the PBA playing for the all-amateur Magnolia-Philippines who were at that time preparing for the 1986 Asian Games.
In 1987, he was drafted first overall by the Great Taste Coffee Makers and played alongside Ricardo Brown to lead the team to the PBA Open Conference finals (In Game 3, | 6,129,120 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
he equalled Brown's PBA all-time record for the most points scored by a Filipino in a single Finals game - 48 points) and later captured his first PBA-All Filipino Cup championship. In his rookie season, he earned the 1987 PBA Rookie of the Year award and was named in the All-Star Mythical Five Selection, where he became the third first year-rookie player ever to be named in the Mythical Five Selection after Arnie Tuadles (1979) and Ricardo Brown (1983). He also finished the season as the first rookie player ever to lead the league in scoring.
On November 2, 1989, Caidic scored 68 points and 15 three-point field goals made in a single game to lead Presto Tivoli past the Alaska Air Force in | 6,129,121 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
a high-scoring overtime game 175–159. Both teams' combined points was one of the most in the PBA history.
In 1990, he set the PBA all-time record for the most three-point field goals made in a single season (160 triples) and led Presto Tivoli to a championship title. He was named the 1990 PBA Most Valuable Player and was selected to play for the first all-pro national team coached by Robert Jaworski, bound for the Asian Games. In one of his Asian Games appearances, he led the national team's second half comeback win, 86–78, against Japan with 34 points despite playing with a broken hand and held scoreless in the first half. The Philippines went on to win the silver medal after losing to China | 6,129,122 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
in the finals with Caidic and Samboy Lim named in the mythical 5 selection.
On October 15, 1991, he broke the PBA all-time record for the most three-point field goals made in a career with 594 three-point conversions after scoring 9 triples in Tivoli's 125–142 loss to Pepsi.
One month later, on November 21, 1991, Caidic sets the PBA all-time records of the most points in a single game by a homegrown Filipino player (79 points), the most points in a single half (53 points), the most points in a single quarter (37 points), the most three-point field goals made and attempts in a game (17/27 triples), the most three-point field goals made in a quarter (8 triples) and the most consecutive three-point | 6,129,123 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
field goals made in a single game (8 triples), to lead Presto Tivoli against Ginebra San Miguel. His performance remains as one of the greatest individual performances in the PBA history. What makes it more remarkable is that while he was playing in the court, his wife Millote was giving birth to their first daughter. He came off the bench late in the first quarter and left the game in the middle of the fourth, in a game where he could have possibly scored 100 points or more.
### San Miguel Beermen.
In 1993, Caidic was acquired by the San Miguel Beermen after his former team was sold to Sta. Lucia Realty & Development, Inc. and renamed Sta. Lucia Realtors. During his time with San Miguel, | 6,129,124 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
he teamed up with Samboy Lim to form the league's deadliest scoring duo in the 1990s and led the Beermen to the 1993 All-Filipino Cup finals. He ended the season winning the PBA Governor's Cup championship with San Miguel and earned the 1993 PBA All-Star Most Valuable Player award after leading his team (North All-Star) to victory, scoring 40 points (second highest points scored in a single All-Star game) and 9 triples (the most three-point field goals made in a single All-Star game). He became the first PBA player ever to win the MVP awards in the regular season and in the All-Star Game.
In 1994, San Miguel won the right to represent the country in the Asian Games after winning the PBA All-Filipino | 6,129,125 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
Cup conference title. In the Asian Games, the Beermen formed the core of the national team with some loaned players from the other PBA ballclubs like Alvin Patrimonio and Johnny Abarrientos. The national team finished fourth but he finished as the Asian Games basketball tournament leading scorer and was named in the all-tournament Mythical Five Selection.
In 1995, he became the eighth player to score 10,000 career points in the PBA history and the league's first player to score 1,000 career three-point field goals. He went on to win the PBA Governor's Cup Best Player of the Conference after leading the San Miguel Beermen to the finals. He finished the season as the league's leading point scorer | 6,129,126 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
with 20.9 points per game, the last guard ever to lead the league in season-best points scoring average in the 20th century.
On April 29, 1997, in a game between the Gordon's Gin and the San Miguel Beermen, he suffered a serious career-threatening injury. The incident took place when he jumped for a rebound, he collided with teammate Nelson Asaytono, fell on the floor headfirst, vomited, and remained on the court motionless before he was removed from the arena and taken to the hospital.
He made a successful recovery from that injury and in 1998, he was selected by Tim Cone for the Philippine Centennial Team bound for the William Jones Cup (where he scored 25 points with six triples against | 6,129,127 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
South East Asian rival, Thailand) and the Asian Games. The team started their international campaign against China and a PBA All-Star Selection but had a dismal display in the PBA Centennial Cup. They went to a tough United States midwest tour and won the William Jones Cup in Taiwan. In the Asian Games, the nationals easily won their group stage but lost in the semi-final and settled for third after beating Kazakhstan in their final game.
# Post-playing career, retirement and coaching.
In 1999, Caidic became the playing coach of the Barangay Ginebra Kings after a sudden resignation of interim coach Rino Salazar.
In 2000, as a playing coach, he placed himself in the reserved unprotected player | 6,129,128 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
list for the Barangay Ginebra Kings to protect other important players in the team. The expansion team Red Bull picked unprotected players from the dispersal draft, which includes himself and got his rights. To avoid leaving Ginebra and playing for Red Bull, he announced his retirement and decided to hang up his jersey that year. His early retirement ended a long distinguished career that started in 1984 as an amateur guest player in the PBA. He also became the third PBA player after Ramon Fernandez and Bogs Adornado to be given the honor of retiring the jersey number by a PBA team and was the first by two PBA teams, the San Miguel Beermen and the Barangay Ginebra Kings. Both franchises retired | 6,129,129 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
his number 8 jersey in honor of his legacy in the PBA. In the same year, he was named in the PBA 25 greatest players ever to play in the league's history after the PBA celebrated its 25th year as the first professional basketball league in Asia.
After his retirement, he remained with Ginebra as a full-time head coach and despite reaching the 2001 PBA All-Filipino Cup finals, he piloted Ginebra to one of its worst season runs in its franchise history. Due to fans' uproar, management blinked and promoted him as Team Manager in 2004. He also served as the national team's assistant coach in 2002 and was an active participant of the San Miguel Corporation All-Stars, a group composed of several former | 6,129,130 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
professional basketball players.
In May 2005, he took part in the PBA's 30th Anniversary, leading Virgilio Dalupan's Legends Team to victory, 96–92, in the PBA's Classic Greatest Game with an MVP performance, scoring 30 points (4 triples, 8 rebounds). He also led the PBA Legends Team to a two-game Australian Tour Series and earned himself the series Most Valuable Player award. He was then appointed Sports Ambassador to represent the Philippines in the 23rd South East Asian Games alongside some of the Philippines' greatest athletes (Efren Reyes, Rafael Nepomuceno) to promote the event throughout the country. Aside from being one of the country's Sports Ambassador, he also served as San Miguel | 6,129,131 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
Corporation's Philippine Baseball and Boxing Project Director/Liaison Officer for the South East Asian Games. His teams brought 10 gold medals (1 from baseball and 9 from boxing) for the country.
On June 15, 2006, on his 43rd birthday, he fittingly released his autobiographical book, ""My Life Allan Caidic, The Triggerman"", one of the first sports biographies by a Filipino athlete. In November 2006, after a reshuffling between the then-four San Miguel Corporation teams, he became the team manager of the Coca-Cola Tigers. But he left in March 2007 to become assistant coach of the Barangay Ginebra Kings.
In January 2007, he joined with former national teammates Hector Calma and Samboy Lim, | 6,129,132 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
as well as former national team head coaches, current national team members and head coach Chot Reyes in expressing their support to Samahang Basketbol ng Pilipinas (SBP) and for the lifting of suspension of the country from FIBA-sanctioned tournaments.
In 2008, he joined several PBA legends in a charity Tour of California but played a minor role due to personal commitments. Later that year, he led the PBA Legends to victory over the Manny Pacquiao-led Philippine Army Basketball Team to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the army.
In August 2009, he joined another PBA legends' tour in North America, and weeks later he led a PBA All-Star Selection (scoring five straight triples in the quarter) | 6,129,133 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
against Dominique Wilkins'-led NBA Generations.
On August 27, 2010, he scored 54 points during the 2010 NBA Asia Basketball Challenge held at Araneta Coliseum in Quezon City. He also defeated Glen Rice, 7–5 in a three-point shooting contest. Their team won 177–167.
He was formally an assistant coach of the Barangay Ginebra San Miguel under coach Tim Cone in the PBA and the De La Salle Green Archers in the UAAP
On Dec 11, 2018, he scored 146 points in an exhibition game in Ilocos Sur and having 46 three-pointers in a game. His team won 184–73.
# Awards and achievements.
## Career PBA highlights.
### Individual achievements.
- PBA Hall of Fame (2009)
- PBA Top 25 Greatest Players of all | 6,129,134 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
time (2000)
- PBA Most Valuable Player 1990
- PBA Rookie of the Year 1987
- PBA Mythical First Team Selection in 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, and 1995
- PBA Mythical Second Team Selection in 1993 and 1994
- PBA Best Player of the Conference (1995 PBA Governor's Cup)
- PBA All-Star Games (1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995)
- PBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player (1993)
- PBA All-Star Three-Points Shootout Challenge champion (individual event) 1991 and 1992
- PBA All-Star Three-Points Shootout Challenge champion (team event) 1991
- PBA Career Achievement Award 10,000 Points
- PBA Career Achievement Award 5,000 Points
- PBA Career Achievement Award 1,000 Three-Points
- PBA | 6,129,135 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
Career Achievement Award 500 Steals
### Team achievements.
- 1985 PBA Reinforced Conference Champions
- 1987 PBA-IBA World Challenge Cup Finalists
- 1987 PBA Open Conference Finalists
- 1987 PBA All-Filipino Cup Conference Champions
- 1990 PBA All-Filipino Cup Conference Champions
- 1993 PBA All-Filipino Cup Conference Finalists
- 1993 PBA Governor's Cup Conference Champions
- 1994 PBA All-Filipino Cup Conference Champions
- 1995 PBA Governor's Cup Conference Finalists
- 1998 PBA All-Filipino Cup Conference Finalists - Playing Assistant Coach
- 1998 PBA Commissioner's Cup Conference Finalists - Playing Assistant Coach
- 1998 PBA Governor's Cup Conference, fourth place - Playing | 6,129,136 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
Assistant Coach
- 1999 PBA All-Filipino Cup Conference, third place - Playing Assistant Coach
### Philippine Basketball Association all-time records.
- Most points scored in a single game by a Filipino (79) - November 21, 1991
- Most points scored in a single half (53) - November 21, 1991
- Most points scored in a single quarter (37) - November 21, 1991
- Most points scored in a single finals game by a Filipino (48) - 1987 PBA Open Conference
- Most number of three-point field goals made in a single game (17) - November 21, 1991
- Most number of three-point field goals attempts in a single game (27) - November 21, 1991
- Most consecutive three-point shots made in a single game (8) - | 6,129,137 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
October 15, 1991
- Most number of three-point field goals made in a single quarter (9) - November 21, 1991
- Most number of three-point field goals made in a single All-Star game (9) - June 6, 1993
- Most consecutive free-throw shots made (76) - October 22, 1992 - May 11, 1993
- Most number of three-point shots made in a single season (160) - 1990 PBA season
- First Player to score 1000 career three-points field goal made in the PBA history - July 12, 1995
- Third highest points scored in a single game scored by a Filipino (68) - November 2, 1989
- Third highest points scored in a single quarter (27) - November 2, 1989
- Third highest points scored in a single All-Star game (40) - June | 6,129,138 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
6, 1993
- Second highest number of three-point field goals made in a single game (15) - November 2, 1989
- Sixth highest points scored in a single game by a Filipino (59) - 1988
- Sixth highest points scored in a single game by a player (both locals/imports) (79) - - November 21, 1991
#### Former records.
- Most number of three-point shots made in a career (1,242) - 1987-1999 (surpassed by Jimmy Alapag)
## College achievements.
### Individual achievements.
- University Athletic Association of the Philippines College Basketball Most Valuable Player (1982, 1984, 1985)
- UAAP College Basketball Mythical Five Selection (1982, 1984, 1985, 1986)
- PABL Mythical Five Selection (1985, 1986)
- | 6,129,139 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
Philippine Basketball League Top 20 Greatest Players of all time (2003)
- PBL Legacy Team: 12 All-time Best players in history (2000)
### Team achievements.
- 1982 UAAP-Manila College Basketball Champions
- 1982 UAAP National College Basketball third place
- 1983 UAAP-Manila College Basketball third place
- 1984 UAAP-Manila College Basketball Champions
- 1984 UAAP National College Basketball Champions
- 1985 UAAP-Manila College Basketball Champions
- 1985 UAAP National College Basketball Champions
- 1985 Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities Basketball Champions
- 1985 Philippine Amateur Basketball League (PABL) Invitational Cup Finalists
- 1986 UAAP-Manila College | 6,129,140 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
Basketball Champions
- 1986 UAAP National College Basketball second place
- 1986 Philippine Amateur Basketball League Champions
### College and amateur basketball all-time records.
- Career all-time PBL record leader for most number of three-point field goals made in a single game (15 triples) - 1986
- Career all-time UAAP record leader for most number of three-point field goals made in a single game (10 triples) - August 1985
- Career all-time National UAAP leader for most number of three-point field goals made in a single game (9 triples) - UAAP
- Second career all-time UAAP record leader for most points scored in a single finals game (48 points) - 1985
- Third career all-time UAAP | 6,129,141 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
record leader for most points scored in a single finals game (42 points) - 1985
## International career highlights.
Club and Country
- 1982 ASEAN School Youth Basketball Championship champions
- 1983 Asian Invitational Basketball Tournament, third place
- 1984 William Jones Cup
- 1984 FIBA Asia Champions Cup champions
- 1985 Pesta Sukan Basketball Championship champions
- 1985 William Jones Cup champions
- 1985 World Clubs Championship, Group B fourth place
- 1985 South East Asian Games champions
- 1986 FIBA Asia Championship champions
- 1986 Guam Invitational Basketball Tournament champions
- Guam Tournament Most Valuable Player (1986)
- 1986 Asian Games, third place (bronze medal)
- | 6,129,142 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
1990 Asian Games, second place (silver medal)
- Asian Games All-Star Mythical Five member (1990)
- 1991 China-PBA All-Stars Goodwill Exhibition Series
- 1994 Asian Games, fourth place
- Asian Games Tournament top scorer (1994)
- Asian Games All-Star Mythical Five member (1994)
- 1998 Philippines-PBA All-Stars Selection Goodwill Series
- 1998 PBA Centennial Cup
- 1998 William Jones Cup champions
- 1998 Philippine Tour of the United States
- 1998 Asian Games, third place (bronze medal)
## Coaching/managerial career achievements.
- 1998 PBA All-Filipino Cup Conference Finalists - Playing Assistant Coach
- 1998 PBA Commissioner's Cup Conference Finalists - Playing Assistant Coach
- | 6,129,143 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
1998 PBA Governor's Cup Conference, fourth place - Playing Assistant Coach
- 1999 PBA All-Filipino Cup Conference, third place - Playing Assistant Coach
- 2001 PBA All-Filipino Cup Conference Finalists - Head Coach
- 2001 PBA All-Stars Game Head Coach
- 2002 Philippines-Chinese-Taipei Goodwill Series winner, Assistant Coach
- 2002 Philippines-Qatar Goodwill Series winner, Assistant Coach
- 2002 Philippines-Melbourne Tigers Goodwill Series, Assistant Coach
- 2002 Euro Basketball Challenge Four Nations Invitational (Philippines Tour of Europe), third place, Assistant Coach
- 2002 Asian Games, fourth place, Assistant Coach
- 2004 PBA Fiesta Cup Conference Champions - Team Manager
- 2004-05 | 6,129,144 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
PBA All-Filipino Cup Conference Champions - Team Manager
- 2005-06 PBA Fiesta Cup Conference, fourth place - Team Manager
- 2008 PBA Fiesta Cup Conference Champions - Assistant Coach
- 2009 PBA Fiesta Cup Conference Finalists - Assistant Coach
- 2011 PBA Commissioner's Cup Conference Finalists - Assistant Coach
- 2012 PBA Legends Game - Playing Coach of the Stalwart Team
- 2013 PBA Commissioner's Cup Conference Finalists - Assistant Coach
- 2013 University Athletics Association of the Philippines (UAAP) Champions - Assistant Coach
- 2013 Philippine Collegiate Champions League (PCCL) Champions - Assistant Coach
## Other achievements.
- PBA All-Star Legends Shootout Challenge champion | 6,129,145 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
(2004)
- PBA Classic All-Star Greatest Game (2005)
- PBA Classic All-Star Greatest Game Most Valuable Player (2005)
- PBA Legends Tour of Australia (2005)
- PBA Legends Tour of Australia Series Most Valuable Player (2005)
- 2005 Philippine South East Asian Games Sports Ambassador
- NBA Asia Challenge (2009, 2010)
- ASEAN Chinese Veterans Basketball Championship Over-50 champions (2016, 2017)
- World Chinese Veterans Basketball Championship Over-50 champions (2016)
# See also.
- Philippine Basketball Association
- Philippine national basketball team
- Northern Consolidated Cement / San Miguel Beer
- Barangay Ginebra Kings
- San Miguel Beermen
- Great Taste Coffee Makers/Presto | 6,129,146 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
Tivoli
- Philippine Centennial Team
- History of Philippine Basketball
# Publications and articles.
- Bocobo, Christian and Celis, Beth, "Legends and Heroes of Philippine Basketball", (Philippines, 2004)
- Caidic, Allan, "My Life: Allan Caidic The Triggerman", (Philippines, 2006)
- Dela Cruz, Juan, "Book of Pinoy Facts and Records", (National Bookstore, Mandaluyong City, Philippines, 2004)
- King, Jenny, "Great and Famous Filipinos", 2nd Edition, (Worldlink Books, Philippines, 2002)
- OFW Guardian, "Mr. Inside and Mr. Out", Sport, OFW Guardian, https://web.archive.org/web/20070930003521/http://www.ofwguardian.com/article.php/I29mrinside, (2006)
- Philippine Basketball Association, "The | 6,129,147 |
441359 | Allan Caidic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan%20Caidic | Allan Caidic
an Caidic The Triggerman", (Philippines, 2006)
- Dela Cruz, Juan, "Book of Pinoy Facts and Records", (National Bookstore, Mandaluyong City, Philippines, 2004)
- King, Jenny, "Great and Famous Filipinos", 2nd Edition, (Worldlink Books, Philippines, 2002)
- OFW Guardian, "Mr. Inside and Mr. Out", Sport, OFW Guardian, https://web.archive.org/web/20070930003521/http://www.ofwguardian.com/article.php/I29mrinside, (2006)
- Philippine Basketball Association, "The First 25 Years", (Philippines, 2000)
# External links.
- Allan Caidic Player Profile
- Official Website of the Philippine Basketball Association
- Philippine Basketball League
- San Miguel - Allan Caidic
- Allan Caidic retirement | 6,129,148 |
441411 | Little Bighorn | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Little%20Bighorn | Little Bighorn
Little Bighorn
Little Bighorn may refer to:
- Little Bighorn River, (previously called "Little Big Horn River") a tributary of the Bighorn River in Wyoming and Montana
- Battle of the Little Bighorn, took place near the river in 1876
- Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument, preserves the site of the 1876 battle
- Little Big Horn College, two-year tribal college of the Crow Nation in Crow Agency, Montana
- "Little Big Horn" (film), a 1951 Western movie starring Lloyd Bridges
- "Little Big Horn" (album), a 1963 jazz album by Nat Adderley | 6,129,149 |
441392 | Trade war | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trade%20war | Trade war
Trade war
A trade war is an economic conflict resulting from extreme protectionism in which states raise or create tariffs or other trade barriers against each other in response to trade barriers created by the other party. Increased protection causes both nations' output compositions to move towards their autarky position.
Trade wars could be escalated to full conflict between states, as evidenced in the Massacre of the Bandanese after alleged violations of a new treaty. The First Anglo-Dutch War caused by disputes over trade, the war began with English attacks on Dutch merchant shipping, but expanded to vast fleet actions. The Second Anglo-Dutch War for control over the seas and trade routes, | 6,129,150 |
441392 | Trade war | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trade%20war | Trade war
where England tried to end the Dutch domination of world trade during a period of intense European commercial rivalry. The Fourth Anglo-Dutch War over British and Dutch disagreements on the legality and conduct of Dutch trade with Britain's enemies in that war. The Shimonoseki Campaign after unrest over the shogunate's open-door policy to foreign trade. The First Opium War which started after the Qing government blockaded its ports and confined British traders, resulted in the dispatch of the British Navy to China and engage the Chinese Navy in the Battle of Kowloon. The First Opium War eventually led to the British colony of Hong Kong, and the Second Opium War, which arose from another trade | 6,129,151 |
441392 | Trade war | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trade%20war | Trade war
econd Opium War, which arose from another trade war with the same underlying causes, expanded the British possessions on the island.
# See also.
## General.
- Currency war
- Customs war
- Economic sanctions
- Economic warfare
## Chronological.
- Anglo-Dutch Wars (1652–1784)
- Opium Wars (1839–1860)
- Banana Wars (1898–1934)
- Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act (1930), a United States Act implementing protectionist trade policies
- Anglo-Irish Trade War (1932–1938)
- Trade war over genetically modified food (2010–2011)
- Trump tariffs (2018)
- China–United States trade war (2018–present)
- 2019 Japan-South Korea trade dispute (2019-present)
# External links.
- Trade war at Investopedia | 6,129,152 |
441418 | Achim Gercke | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achim%20Gercke | Achim Gercke
Achim Gercke
Achim Gercke (August 3, 1902 – October 27, 1997) was a German politician.
Born in Greifswald, Gercke became a department head of the NSDAP in Munich on January 1, 1932. In April 1933, he was appointed to the Ministry of the Interior, where he served as an expert on racial matters.
Gercke devised the system of "racial prophylaxis", forbidding the intermarriage between Jews and Aryans. As a student, he had attempted to develop a card index listing all Jews in Germany. His articles outlined Nazi policy on what to do to the Jews during the early phase of the Third Reich, which included expulsion from Germany. He described the just-enacted Nuremberg Laws restricting Jews as provisional | 6,129,153 |
441418 | Achim Gercke | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achim%20Gercke | Achim Gercke
measures, which indicated the direction future measures would take. Gercke argued for defining "Jew" as including any person with one-sixteenth Jewish blood. Later in 1942, the Wannsee Conference ultimately defined "Jew" quite differently: Persons having one Jewish grandparent were mostly excluded and even certain persons with two Jewish grandparents might be excluded, if they followed the Christian faith.
In 1932, Nazi Gauleiter Rudolf Jordan claimed that SS Security Chief Reinhard Heydrich was not a pure "Aryan". Within the Nazi organisation such innuendo could be damning, even for the head of the Reich's counterintelligence service. Gregor Strasser passed the allegations on to Achim Gercke | 6,129,154 |
441418 | Achim Gercke | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achim%20Gercke | Achim Gercke
who investigated Heydrich's genealogy. Gercke reported that Heydrich was "... of German origin and free from any coloured and Jewish blood". He insisted that the rumours were baseless. Even with this report, Heydrich privately engaged SD member Ernst Hoffman to further investigate and deny the rumours.
In 1935, Gercke was dismissed following allegations of homosexuality. After the war, he worked as an archivist and town clerk.
# Bibliography.
- "The Order of the Death's Head", by Heinz Hoehne, pg. 161–162
- "The Course of Modern Jewish History", by Howard M. Sachar pg. 517
- "Das Reichssippenamt. Eine Institution nationalsozialistischer Rassenpolitik", by Diana Schulle
- "The Nazi Ancestral | 6,129,155 |
441418 | Achim Gercke | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Achim%20Gercke | Achim Gercke
rman origin and free from any coloured and Jewish blood". He insisted that the rumours were baseless. Even with this report, Heydrich privately engaged SD member Ernst Hoffman to further investigate and deny the rumours.
In 1935, Gercke was dismissed following allegations of homosexuality. After the war, he worked as an archivist and town clerk.
# Bibliography.
- "The Order of the Death's Head", by Heinz Hoehne, pg. 161–162
- "The Course of Modern Jewish History", by Howard M. Sachar pg. 517
- "Das Reichssippenamt. Eine Institution nationalsozialistischer Rassenpolitik", by Diana Schulle
- "The Nazi Ancestral Proof: Genealogy, Racial Science, and the Final Solution", by Eric Ehrenreich | 6,129,156 |
441395 | Trade barrier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trade%20barrier | Trade barrier
Trade barrier
Trade barriers are government-induced restrictions on international trade.
Economists generally agree that trade barriers are detrimental and decrease overall economic efficiency; this can be explained by the theory of comparative advantage.
Most trade barriers work on the same principle: the imposition of some sort of cost (money, time, bureaucracy, quota) on trade that raises the price or availability of the traded products. If two or more nations repeatedly use trade barriers against each other, then a trade war results. Barriers take the form of tariffs (which impose a financial burden on imports) and non-tariff barriers to trade (which uses other overt and covert means to | 6,129,157 |
441395 | Trade barrier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trade%20barrier | Trade barrier
restrict imports and occasionally exports).
In theory, free trade involves the removal of all such barriers, except perhaps those considered necessary for health or national security. In practice, however, even those countries promoting free trade heavily subsidize certain industries, such as agriculture and steel.
# Overview.
High income countries tend to have less trade barriers than middle income countries which, in turn, tend to have less trade barriers than low income countries. Small states tend to have lower trade barriers than large states. The most common trade barriers are on agricultural goods. Textiles, apparel and footwear are the manufactured goods which are most commonly protected | 6,129,158 |
441395 | Trade barrier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trade%20barrier | Trade barrier
by trade barriers. Tariffs have been declining in the last twenty years as the influence of the World Trade Organization has grown, but states have increased their use of non-tariff barriers.
According to Chad Bown and Meredith Crowley, world trade is "probably" vastly more liberal in current times than was the case historically. According to Ronald Findlay and Kevin H. O’Rourke, "for the nineteenth and twentieth centuries trade barriers and transport costs were the most important barriers to trade". They also write, "during the mercantilist era price gaps were as likely to be due to trade monopolies, pirates, and wars as to transport costs and tariffs, which are more easily quantifiable."
Georgetown | 6,129,159 |
441395 | Trade barrier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trade%20barrier | Trade barrier
University Professor Marc L. Busch and McGill University Professor Krzysztof J. Pelc note that modern trade deals are long and complex because they often tackle non-tariff barriers to trade, such as different standards and regulations, in addition to tariffs. Due to steadily decreasing tariff barriers since World War II, countries have become increasingly likely to enact trade barriers in the form of non-tariff barriers. National firms often lobby their own governments to enact regulations that are designed to keep out foreign firms, and modern trade deals are one way to do away with such regulations.
The barriers can take many forms, including the following:
- Tariffs
- Non-tariff barriers | 6,129,160 |
441395 | Trade barrier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trade%20barrier | Trade barrier
to trade include:
- Import licenses
- Export licenses
- Import quotas
- Subsidies
- Voluntary Export Restraints
- Local content requirements
- Embargo
- Currency devaluation
- Trade restriction
# Impacts of trade barriers on business.
Trade barriers are often criticized for the effect they have on the developing world. Because rich-country players call most of the shots and set trade policies, goods such as crops that developing countries are best at producing still face high barriers. Trade barriers such as taxes on food imports or subsidies for farmers in developed economies lead to overproduction and dumping on world markets, thus lowering prices and hurting poor-country farmers. | 6,129,161 |
441395 | Trade barrier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trade%20barrier | Trade barrier
Tariffs also tend to be anti-poor, with low rates for raw commodities and high rates for labor-intensive processed goods. The Commitment to Development Index measures the effect that rich country trade policies actually have on the developing world.
Trade barriers are mostly a combination of conformity and per-shipment requirements requested abroad, and weak inspection or certification procedures at home. The impact of trade barriers on companies and countries is highly uneven. One particular study showed that small firms are most affected (over 50%).
Another negative aspect of trade barriers is that they result in a limited choice of products and would therefore force customers to pay higher | 6,129,162 |
441395 | Trade barrier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trade%20barrier | Trade barrier
prices and accept inferior quality.
Trade barriers obstruct free trade. Before exporting or importing to other countries, firstly, they must be aware of restrictions that the government imposes on the trade. Subsequently, they need to make sure that they are not violating the restrictions by checking related regulations on tax or duty, and finally they probably need a license in order to ensure a smooth export or import business and reduce the risk of penalty or violation. Sometimes the situation becomes even more complicated with the changing of policy and restrictions of a country.
# Examples of free trade areas.
- North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
- South Asia Free Trade Agreement | 6,129,163 |
441395 | Trade barrier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trade%20barrier | Trade barrier
(SAFTA)
- European Free Trade Association
- Union of South American Nations
- New West Partnership (An internal free-trade zone in Canada between Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan)
- Gulf Cooperation Council common market
# See also.
- Agricultural policy
- Customs union
- Denied trade screening
- End-use certificate
- Free trade
- International free trade agreement
- Region lock
- Free economic zone (includes Free Port).
# Useful Databases on Trade Barriers.
- ITC's Access Map, an online database of customs tariffs and market requirements
- ITC's Measures Business Survey database, including regulatory and procedural obstacles that trading companies face both at home | 6,129,164 |
441395 | Trade barrier | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trade%20barrier | Trade barrier
uropean Free Trade Association
- Union of South American Nations
- New West Partnership (An internal free-trade zone in Canada between Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan)
- Gulf Cooperation Council common market
# See also.
- Agricultural policy
- Customs union
- Denied trade screening
- End-use certificate
- Free trade
- International free trade agreement
- Region lock
- Free economic zone (includes Free Port).
# Useful Databases on Trade Barriers.
- ITC's Access Map, an online database of customs tariffs and market requirements
- ITC's Measures Business Survey database, including regulatory and procedural obstacles that trading companies face both at home and abroad | 6,129,165 |
441385 | Sighetu Marmației | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sighetu%20Marmației | Sighetu Marmației
Sighetu Marmației
Sighetu Marmației (, also spelled "Sighetul Marmației"; or "Siget"; , ; ; "Syhit"; "Siget"), until 1964 Sighet, is a city (municipality) in Maramureș County near the Iza River, in northwestern Romania.
# Geography.
Sighetu Marmației is situated along the Tisa river on the border with Ukraine, across from the Ukrainian town of Solotvyno.
Neighboring communities include: Sarasău, Săpânța, Câmpulung la Tisa, Ocna Șugatag, Giulești, Vadu Izei, Rona de Jos and Bocicoiu Mare communities in Romania, Bila Cerkva community and the Solotvyno township in Ukraine (Zakarpattia Oblast). The city administers five villages: Iapa ("Kabolapatak"), Lazu Baciului ("Bácsiláz"), Șugău ("Sugó"), | 6,129,166 |
441385 | Sighetu Marmației | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sighetu%20Marmației | Sighetu Marmației
Valea Cufundoasă ("Mélypatak") and Valea Hotarului ("Határvölgy").
The city's name derives from Hungarian name which means "island in Máramaros".
# Demographics.
The city has 37,640 inhabitants.
- Romanians - 82.2%
- Hungarians - 13%
- Ukrainians - 2.3%
- Roma - 1.5%
According to the 1910 census, the city had 21,370 inhabitants; these consisted of 17,542 (82.1%) Hungarian speakers, 2,002 (9.4%) Romanian, 1,257 (5.9%) German, and 32 Ruthenian speakers.
The number of Jews was 7,981; they were included in the Hungarian and German language groups. There were
5,850 Greek Catholics and 4,901 Roman Catholics.
# History.
Inhabited since the Hallstatt period, the populated area lies in the | 6,129,167 |
441385 | Sighetu Marmației | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sighetu%20Marmației | Sighetu Marmației
Tisza Valley, an important route as being the only access to the otherwise mountainous, sparsely populated region. After 895 in the 10th century the area became part of Kingdom of Hungary. The first mention of a settlement dates back to the 11th century, and the city as such was first mentioned in 1326. In 1352, it was a free royal town and the capital of Máramaros "comitatus", just outside Transylvania.
After the defeat at the Battle of Mohács and the death of Louis II of Hungary, in the ensuing struggle for the Hungarian throne, the kingdom was divided into Royal Hungary of Habsburg Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom of John Zápolya the Voivode of Transylvania. | 6,129,168 |
441385 | Sighetu Marmației | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sighetu%20Marmației | Sighetu Marmației
In 1570 the Principality of Transylvania was formed which included Máramaros County. Transylvania, including Maramureș, became an autonomous principality within the Ottoman Empire from 1541. In 1711, King Charles III returned Máramaros County to his Hungarian domain.
During the early centuries of the Kingdom of Hungary Vlachs and Rusyns were settled in the sparsely populated county and later a sizable Jewish community formed through immigration and the town became a center of cultural and political life of these communities. The Jewish community was led by the Teitelbaum family — a scion of which would later lead the present-day Satmar Hasidic community.
1918 saw the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian | 6,129,169 |
441385 | Sighetu Marmației | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sighetu%20Marmației | Sighetu Marmației
Monarchy. On November 22, 1918, in an assembly of Romanians from Maramureş took place in the town's central square, electing a national council and deciding to send a delegation to the Great National Assembly at Alba Iulia, which voted the union of Transylvania with Romania and the consequent establishment of Greater Romania. The Allied Powers accepted the Romanian demands and Transylvania including Máramaros County was formally ceded to Romania in the Treaty of Trianon in 1920.
In 1919, six Romanian schools opened in Sighet: a boys' high school, a girls' high school, a boys' elementary school, a co-ed commercial gymnasium, and two commercial high schools (one for boys, the other for girls). | 6,129,170 |
441385 | Sighetu Marmației | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sighetu%20Marmației | Sighetu Marmației
The Maramureș ethnographic museum opened in the cultural palace in 1926. During the interwar period, over twenty newspapers appeared in the town, as well as a number of literary reviews. As a result of the August 1940 Second Vienna Award during World War II, it came under Hungarian administration during the war.
A first deportation of Jews from Sighet took place in 1942. The second occurred after Passover 1944, so that by April, the town's ghetto contained close to 13,000 Jews from Sighet itself and the neighboring places of Dragomirești, Ocna Șugatag and Vișeu de Sus. Between May 16 and 22, the ghetto was liquidated in four transports, its inhabitants sent to Auschwitz concentration camp. | 6,129,171 |
441385 | Sighetu Marmației | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sighetu%20Marmației | Sighetu Marmației
Among the deportees was Sighet native and future Nobel Peace Prize laureate Elie Wiesel. In 1947, there were some 2,300 Jews in Sighet, including survivors and a considerable number of Jews from other parts of Romania. By 2002, the town had 20 remaining Jews.
The Treaty of Paris at the end of World War II voided the Vienna Awards, and Sighetu Marmației, administered by Romania since October 1944, formally returned to the country in 1947.
In 1948, the new Communist regime nationalized the city's factories, three publishing houses and banks. In 1950, with the counties replaced by regions, Sighet lost its status as an administrative center. In 1960, the building of neighborhoods with apartment | 6,129,172 |
441385 | Sighetu Marmației | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sighetu%20Marmației | Sighetu Marmației
blocks began. 1962 saw the opening of a wood processing factory ("Combinatul de Industrializare a Lemnului"). Turning out furniture and other wood products, it had over 6000 employees and played an important part in the city's economic development. After the Romanian Revolution, it gradually fell upon hard times, with nine private firms employing some 3500 in 2012. A second important employer during the Communist period was a textile factory.
In May 2014 a commemoration was held in honor of the 70th anniversary of the deportations in May 1944. Events included a Klezmer concert, Sabbath services in the one remaining synagogue, a memorial service at the Holocaust Monument at the site of the deportations, | 6,129,173 |
441385 | Sighetu Marmației | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sighetu%20Marmației | Sighetu Marmației
as well as an exhibit on life in Sighet prior to the deportations. The exhibit contained contributions by survivors and their families. Additionally, visits were organized to the Jewish Cemetery as well as the Holocaust Museum located in the childhood home of Elie Wiesel. On 3 August 2018, Wiesel's birthplace was vandalized.
# Sighet prison.
After the establishment of the Romanian communist regime, the Securitate ran the Sighet prison during the 1950s and 1960s as a place for the detention and political repression of public figures who had been declared "class enemies." The most prominent of these was the former prime minister Iuliu Maniu, who died in the prison in 1953. The former prison | 6,129,174 |
441385 | Sighetu Marmației | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sighetu%20Marmației | Sighetu Marmației
is operated as a museum, part of the Memorial of the Victims of Communism and of the Resistance.
# International relations.
## Twin towns — Sister cities.
Sighetu Marmației is twinned with:
- Khust, Ukraine
- Oława, Poland
- Kolomyia, Ukraine
- Naples, Italy
- Kiryat Yam, Israel
# Natives.
- Elie Wiesel
- Marius Bilaşco
- Géza Frid
- Hédi Fried
- Simon Hollósy
- Monica Iagăr
- Alexandru Ivasiuc
- Amos Manor
- Gisella Perl
- Kornélia Prielle
- Moshe Teitelbaum
- Yekusiel Yehuda Teitelbaum (II)
# See also.
- "Night"
# External links.
- Photos and Images of Sighetu Marmației
- Photos of Sighetu Marmației
- Sighetu Marmației
- Sighetu Marmației
- Sighetu Marmației Online | 6,129,175 |
441385 | Sighetu Marmației | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sighetu%20Marmației | Sighetu Marmației
of Communism and of the Resistance.
# International relations.
## Twin towns — Sister cities.
Sighetu Marmației is twinned with:
- Khust, Ukraine
- Oława, Poland
- Kolomyia, Ukraine
- Naples, Italy
- Kiryat Yam, Israel
# Natives.
- Elie Wiesel
- Marius Bilaşco
- Géza Frid
- Hédi Fried
- Simon Hollósy
- Monica Iagăr
- Alexandru Ivasiuc
- Amos Manor
- Gisella Perl
- Kornélia Prielle
- Moshe Teitelbaum
- Yekusiel Yehuda Teitelbaum (II)
# See also.
- "Night"
# External links.
- Photos and Images of Sighetu Marmației
- Photos of Sighetu Marmației
- Sighetu Marmației
- Sighetu Marmației
- Sighetu Marmației Online News
- The Sighet Memorial of the Victims of Communism | 6,129,176 |
441401 | Parody religion | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parody%20religion | Parody religion
Parody religion
A parody religion or mock religion is a belief system that challenges spiritual convictions of others, often through humor, satire, or burlesque (literary ridicule). Often created to achieve a specific purpose related to another belief system, a parody religion can be a parody of several religions, sects, gurus, cults, or new religious movements at the same time or even a parody of no particular religion, instead parodying the concept of religious belief itself. In some parody religions, the emphasis is on having fun; the faith may be a convenient excuse for pleasant social interaction among the like-minded.
One approach to parody religion aims to highlight deficiencies in particular | 6,129,177 |
441401 | Parody religion | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parody%20religion | Parody religion
pro-religious arguments — the thinking being that if a given argument can also be used to support a clear parody, then the original argument is clearly flawed. An example of this is the Flying Spaghetti Monster, which parodies the equal time argument employed by intelligent design and creationism.
Occasionally, a parody religion may offer ordination by mail or on-line at a nominal fee, seeking equal recognition for this clergy under freedom of religion provisions, including the 1st and 14th amendments to the United States Constitution. officiants to legally solemnise marriage. Parody religions also have sought the same reasonable accommodation legally afforded to mainstream religions, including | 6,129,178 |
441401 | Parody religion | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parody%20religion | Parody religion
religious-specific garb or headgear. A U.S. federal court ruled in 2016 that Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster ("Pastafarianism") is not a religion, but Pastafarianism or The Church of the Latter-Day Dude have been accommodated to some extent by a few U.S. states and some other countries.
Several religions that are considered as parody religions have a number of relatively serious followers who embrace the perceived absurdity of these religions as spiritually significant, a decidedly post-modern approach to religion. For instance, in Discordianism, it can be hard to tell whether even these "serious" followers are not just taking part in an even bigger joke.
# List of notable parody religions.
## | 6,129,179 |
441401 | Parody religion | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parody%20religion | Parody religion
Parodies of particular beliefs.
The following were created as parodies of particular religious beliefs:
## Post-modern religions.
The following are post-modern religions that may be seen as elaborate parodies of already-existent religions:
# Usage by atheist commentators.
Many atheists, including Richard Dawkins, use parody religions such as those of the Flying Spaghetti Monster and the Invisible Pink Unicorn — as well as ancient gods like Zeus and Thor — as modern versions of Russell's teapot to argue that the burden of proof is on the believer, not the atheist.
Dawkins also created a parody of the criticism of atheism, coining the term "athorism", or the firm belief that the Norse deity | 6,129,180 |
441401 | Parody religion | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parody%20religion | Parody religion
Thor does not exist. The intention is to emphasize the claim that atheism is not a form of religious creed, but instead merely denial of beliefs.
A common challenge against atheism is the idea that atheism is itself a form of "faith", a belief without proof. The theist might say "No one can "prove" that God "does not" exist, therefore an atheist is exercising faith by asserting that there is no God." Dawkins argues that by replacing the word "God" with "Thor" one should see that the assertion is fallacious. The burden of proof, he claims, rests upon the believer in the supernatural, not upon the non-believer who considers such things unlikely. Athorism is an attempt to illustrate through absurdity | 6,129,181 |
441401 | Parody religion | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parody%20religion | Parody religion
"does not" exist, therefore an atheist is exercising faith by asserting that there is no God." Dawkins argues that by replacing the word "God" with "Thor" one should see that the assertion is fallacious. The burden of proof, he claims, rests upon the believer in the supernatural, not upon the non-believer who considers such things unlikely. Athorism is an attempt to illustrate through absurdity that there is no logical difference between disbelieving particular religions.
# See also.
- New religious movement
- Religious satire
- Religious humanism
- Syncretism
# External links.
- Inside the Spiritual Jacuzzi article by Jesse Walker about parody religions and other "customized faiths" | 6,129,182 |
441415 | Lester Thurow | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lester%20Thurow | Lester Thurow
Lester Thurow
Lester Carl Thurow (May 7, 1938 – March 25, 2016) was an American political economist, former dean of the MIT Sloan School of Management, and author of books on economic topics.
# Education.
Born in Livingston, Montana, Thurow received his B.A. in political economy from Williams College in 1960, where he was in Theta Delta Chi and Phi Beta Kappa as a junior, and a Tyng Scholar. After he was awarded a Rhodes Scholarship, he went to Balliol College, Oxford to read Philosophy, Politics and Economics, graduating in 1962 with first class honors. He received a Ph.D. in Economics from Harvard University in 1964.
# Career.
Thurow was on the board of directors of Analog Devices, Grupo | 6,129,183 |
441415 | Lester Thurow | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lester%20Thurow | Lester Thurow
Casa Autrey, E-Trade, and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corp. Thurow was one of the founders of the Economic Policy Institute in 1986. Thurow was an economics columnist for, among others, the "Boston Globe" and "USA Today". He was an economics columnist for and on the editorial board of the "New York Times", and was a contributing editor to "Newsweek", where he earned the 1982 Gerald Loeb Award for Columns/Editorials.
Thurow was a longtime advocate of a political and economic system of the Japanese and European type, in which governmental involvement in the direction of the economy is far more extensive than is the case in the United States – a model that has come to be known as "Third | 6,129,184 |
441415 | Lester Thurow | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lester%20Thurow | Lester Thurow
Way" philosophy. Thurow supported a more universal patent system as a requirement for a knowledge-based economy, where governments would assess the value of infringements of intellectual property against their companies by competitors in foreign jurisdictions and allow these companies to match that.
Thurow died at the age of 77 on March 25, 2016.
# Books.
His 1993 book, "Head to Head: The Coming Economic Battle Among Japan, Europe and America" compares economic growth and living standards in Japan, Europe, and the U.S.
His other books include:
- "Fortune Favors the Bold: What we must do to build a new and lasting global prosperity" (2003).
- "Building Wealth: The new rules" (1999).
- | 6,129,185 |
441415 | Lester Thurow | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lester%20Thurow | Lester Thurow
" (2003).
- "Building Wealth: The new rules" (1999).
- "The Future of Capitalism: How today's economic forces shape tomorrow's world" (1996).
- "The Zero-Sum Solution: Building a world-class American economy" (1985).
- "Dangerous Currents: The state of economics" (1983).
- "The Zero-Sum Society: Distribution and the possibilities for economic change" (1980).
# External links.
- The Economic Policy Institute
- Thurow "New York Times" Piece On Rate of Chinese Economic Growth (August 19, 2007)
- "CFO Magazine" – Interview
- "The Globalist – Short Biography
- "Booknotes" interview with Thurow on "Head to Head: The Coming Economic Battle Among Japan, Europe, and America", May 31, 1992. | 6,129,186 |
441421 | Ecologist Green Party of Mexico | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ecologist%20Green%20Party%20of%20Mexico | Ecologist Green Party of Mexico
Ecologist Green Party of Mexico
The Ecological Green Party of Mexico (, PVEM or PVE) is a green-conservative political party in Mexico. In the 2012 Legislative elections, the party took 34 seats in the Chamber of Deputies (out of 500) and nine seats in the Senate (out of 128). During the 2012 Presidential election, PVEM supported Enrique Peña Nieto (EPN), the candidate from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), who was elected. In 2018, PVEM supported Todos por México Everyone for Mexico coalition, along with PRI and Panal. José Antonio Meade, the coalition's candidate, came in third in a four-way race, with 16.43% of the vote.
# Controversies.
## Pro-death penalty campaign.
In 2008, | 6,129,187 |
441421 | Ecologist Green Party of Mexico | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ecologist%20Green%20Party%20of%20Mexico | Ecologist Green Party of Mexico
the PVEM initiated an advertising campaign in favor of reintroducing the death penalty in Mexico. This led to the European Green Party's withdrawal of recognition of the PVEM as a legitimate green party.
## Anti-LGBT rights factions.
During an interview, PVEM candidate Gamaliel Ramirez verbally attacked an openly gay candidate for Guadalajara mayor and called for criminal laws against homosexuality to be established. In the following days, Ramirez issued a written apology after the party expressed disappointment at his remarks.
While the party has pledged to support LGBT rights issues, 3 representatives abstained from a vote on Mexico City granting legal recognition to same-sex couples.
## | 6,129,188 |
441421 | Ecologist Green Party of Mexico | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ecologist%20Green%20Party%20of%20Mexico | Ecologist Green Party of Mexico
Accusations of corruption and nepotism.
The PVEM is also widely criticized because its current leader, Jorge Emilio González Martínez, was appointed for being the son of former leader Jorge González Torres, and for supporting the political and business agenda of Mexican businessman Víctor González Torres, owner of the "Farmacias Similares" drugstore franchise and González Martínez's uncle.
## Unlawful political advertising in movie theaters.
In January 2015, the National Electoral Institute (INE) ordered the PVEM and theater chains Cinemex and Cinépolis to cease airing PVEM advertisements, on the grounds of fairness in electoral contests. When the PVEM and the theaters did not comply, the | 6,129,189 |
441421 | Ecologist Green Party of Mexico | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ecologist%20Green%20Party%20of%20Mexico | Ecologist Green Party of Mexico
eader Jorge González Torres, and for supporting the political and business agenda of Mexican businessman Víctor González Torres, owner of the "Farmacias Similares" drugstore franchise and González Martínez's uncle.
## Unlawful political advertising in movie theaters.
In January 2015, the National Electoral Institute (INE) ordered the PVEM and theater chains Cinemex and Cinépolis to cease airing PVEM advertisements, on the grounds of fairness in electoral contests. When the PVEM and the theaters did not comply, the INE imposed a fine of $35 million on the PVEM and $7 million on both theater chains.
# External links.
- Death penalty debate grows in Mexico
- Mexico to rethink death penalty | 6,129,190 |
441390 | Temporary work | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temporary%20work | Temporary work
Temporary work
Temporary work or temporary employment (also called odd jobs or gigs) refers to an employment situation where the working arrangement is limited to a certain period of time based on the needs of the employing organization. Temporary employees are sometimes called "contractual", "seasonal", "interim", "casual staff", "outsourcing", "freelance"; or the word may be shortened to "temps". In some instances, temporary, highly skilled professionals (particularly in the white-collar worker fields, such as human resources, research and development, engineering, and accounting) refer to themselves as consultants.
Temporary work is different from secondment, which is the assignment of a | 6,129,191 |
441390 | Temporary work | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temporary%20work | Temporary work
member of one organisation to another organisation for a temporary period, and where the employee typically retains their salary and other employment rights from their primary organisation but they work closely within the other organisation to provide training and the sharing of experience.
Temporary workers may work full-time or part-time depending on the individual situation. In some instances, temporary workers receive benefits (such as health insurance), but usually benefits are only given to permanent employees as a cost cutting measure by the employer to save money. Not all temporary employees find jobs through a temporary employment agency. With the rise of the Internet and gig economy | 6,129,192 |
441390 | Temporary work | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temporary%20work | Temporary work
(a labor market characterized by the prevalence of short-term contracts or freelance work as opposed to permanent jobs), many workers are now finding short-term jobs through freelance marketplaces: a situation that brings into being a global market for work.
A temporary work agency, temp agency or temporary staffing firm finds and retains workers. Other companies, in need of short-term workers, contract with the temporary work agency to send temporary workers, or temps, on assignments to work at the other companies. Temporary employees are also used in work that has a cyclical nature, requiring frequent adjustments to staffing levels.
# History.
The staffing industry in the United States | 6,129,193 |
441390 | Temporary work | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temporary%20work | Temporary work
began after World War II with small agencies in urban areas employing housewives for part-time work as office workers. Over the years the advantages of having workers who could be hired and fired on short notice and were exempt from paperwork and regulatory requirements resulted in a gradual but substantial increase in the use of temporary workers, with over 3.5 million temporary workers employed in the United States by 2000.
There has indeed been a great paradigm shift since the 1940s in the way firms utilize the temporary worker. Throughout the Fordist era, temporary workers made up a rather marginal proportion of the total labor force in North America. Typically, temporary workers were white | 6,129,194 |
441390 | Temporary work | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temporary%20work | Temporary work
women in pink collar, clerical positions who provided companies with a stop-gap solution for permanent workers who needed a leave of absence, when on vacation or in illness. In contrast, in the Post-Fordist period, characterized by neoliberalism, deindustrialization and the dismantling of the welfare state, these understandings of temporary labor began to shift. In this paradigm, the idea of the temporary worker as a stopgap solution to permanent labor became an entirely normative employment alternative to permanent work.
Therefore, temporary workers no longer represented a substitute for permanent workers on leave but became semi-permanent, precarious positions routinely subject to the threat | 6,129,195 |
441390 | Temporary work | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temporary%20work | Temporary work
of elimination because of fluctuations in a company's products. In the context of today's temporary labor force, both people and positions have become temporary, and temporary agencies use the temporary worker in a systematic and planned, as opposed to impromptu, manner.
Temporary employment has become more prevalent in America due to the rise of the Internet and the gig economy. It is a common misconception that participation in the gig economy is a relatively new method of employment. But in actuality, finding work in the gig economy is similar to the employment style prior to the Industrial Revolution. It is the "one-person, one-career model" that we are accustomed to, and that the gig economy | 6,129,196 |
441390 | Temporary work | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temporary%20work | Temporary work
is disrupting, which is the relatively recent phenomenon. Before the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century, it was common for one person to take on multiple temporary jobs to piece together livable earnings.
# Post-Fordism.
As the market began to transform from Fordism to a post-Order regime of capital accumulation, the social regulation of labor markets and the very nature of work began to shift. This transformation has been characterized by an economic restructuring that emphasized flexibility within spaces of work, labor markets, employment relationships, wages and benefits. Most governments in Western Europe started to deregulate temporary work. And indeed, global processes of neoliberalism | 6,129,197 |
441390 | Temporary work | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temporary%20work | Temporary work
and market rule contributed greatly to this increasing pressure put on local labor markets towards flexibility. This greater flexibility within labor markets is important at the global level, particularly within OECD countries and liberal market economies (see liberal market economy).
The temporary labor industry is worth over €157 billion per year, and the largest agencies are spread across over 60 nations. The biggest temporary work agencies are most profitable in "emerging" economies of the Global North, and those that have undergone market liberalization, deregulation and (re)regulation.
Temporary work opportunities and restrictions vary around the world. Chile, Columbia and Poland have | 6,129,198 |
441390 | Temporary work | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temporary%20work | Temporary work
the highest percentage of temporary dependent employment at 28.7%, 28.3%, and 27.5% respectively. Romania, Lithuania, and Estonia have the lowest percentage of temporary dependent employment that ranges from 1%-4%. The United Kingdom has 6% temporary employment, Germany has 13% temporary employment, and France has 16.2% temporary employment. In many countries, there are no restrictions on the type of temporary work that is legal, including the United Kingdom, Canada, China, Sweden, and Denmark. The United Kingdom has in place the Temporary Agency Work Directive 2008 which ensures equal pay and treatment of temporary workers. Similarly, Brazil enforces full time employment regulations to part | 6,129,199 |
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