wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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536346 | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metal%20Gear%202:%20Solid%20Snake | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake
from the first game are brought over along with new items such as robotic mice used to distract enemies, a camouflaged mat and three different types of rations with special attributes each. Health and carrying capacity are increased each time a boss is defeated.
The transceiver has also been ... | 6,129,800 |
536346 | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metal%20Gear%202:%20Solid%20Snake | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake
are more varied than in the previous MSX2 game and a number of puzzles must be fulfilled to complete the game, such as luring a carrier pigeon with a specific kind of ration, chasing after a female spy to the ladies' lavatory, and deciphering secret tap codes to gain new frequency numbers.
Th... | 6,129,801 |
536346 | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metal%20Gear%202:%20Solid%20Snake | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake
agent and hero of the original "Metal Gear" returns as the playable character. His new mission is to rescue the kidnapped Czechoslovak biologist Dr. Kio Marv from the forces of Zanzibarland. He is assisted by a radio support crew consisting of Roy Kyanbel ("Roy Campbell" in later versions), hi... | 6,129,802 |
536346 | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metal%20Gear%202:%20Solid%20Snake | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake
an StB agent and Dr. Marv's bodyguard; and Dr. Petrovich Madnar ("Drago Pettrovich Madnar" in newer versions), the Metal Gear designer from the first game, who was captured along with Dr. Marv. Also appearing in the game are Big Boss, the renegade former commander of FOXHOUND, and Grey Fox ("G... | 6,129,803 |
536346 | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metal%20Gear%202:%20Solid%20Snake | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake
from Spetsnaz; Ultra Box (the Four Horsemen in later version), an assassination squad specializing in confined spaces; Predator (Jungle Evil in later versions), a jungle warfare expert from the South African Reconnaissance Command; and Night Sight (Night Fright in later versions), an assassin ... | 6,129,804 |
536346 | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metal%20Gear%202:%20Solid%20Snake | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake
Dr. Kio Marv bio-engineers a new species of algae, OILIX, that could produce petroleum-grade hydrocarbons with little expense and effort. He unveils the algae to the World Energy Conference in Prague and was on his way to a demonstration in the United States when he was kidnapped by soldiers f... | 6,129,805 |
536346 | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metal%20Gear%202:%20Solid%20Snake | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake
brings Solid Snake out of retirement and sends him to Zanzibarland to rescue Dr. Marv on Christmas Eve 1999.
Over the course of his mission, Snake teams up with Holly White, a CIA operative posing as a journalist, and Gustava Heffner, an StB agent and Dr. Marv's bodyguard. He is also reunited... | 6,129,806 |
536346 | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metal%20Gear%202:%20Solid%20Snake | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake
now leads Zanzibarland.
As Snake, Heffner, and Dr. Madnar head toward Zanzibarland's main prison, Heffner is killed by a missile fired by Metal Gear D and Dr. Madnar is recaptured by the enemy. The new Metal Gear's pilot is revealed to be Gray Fox. Determined to finish his mission, Snake figh... | 6,129,807 |
536346 | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metal%20Gear%202:%20Solid%20Snake | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake
the events of the first game. Snake incapacitates Madnar when the latter attempts to attack him.
Snake faces off against Gray Fox in Metal Gear D and eventually destroys the mech. Both men later fight hand-to-hand in a minefield, and Snake finishes him off. As he tries to escape, Snake meets ... | 6,129,808 |
536346 | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metal%20Gear%202:%20Solid%20Snake | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake
sold over a million units in North America, Konami began the development a sequel for the same platform titled "Snake's Revenge" designed specifically for the overseas market. Hideo Kojima, who directed the first MSX2 game but was not involved in either of the NES versions, did not have any pl... | 6,129,809 |
536346 | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metal%20Gear%202:%20Solid%20Snake | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake
of Konami, Kojima successfully convinced his superiors to approve the development of "Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake" with the MSX division.
# Releases.
The MSX2 version of "Metal Gear 2" was released in Japan on July 20, 1990. Unlike the first MSX2 game, no official English localization was prod... | 6,129,810 |
536346 | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metal%20Gear%202:%20Solid%20Snake | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake
the original MSX2 version, such as an easy mode and an unlockable boss rush mode after clearing the main game once, but also include some other adjustments and changes, most notably the replacement of the portraits used during the conversation sequences. While the portraits in the MSX2 version... | 6,129,811 |
536346 | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metal%20Gear%202:%20Solid%20Snake | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake
of its newly-added content.
"Subsistence" would later be released in North America and Europe in 2006 with full English localizations of both MSX2 games, marking the first time that "Metal Gear 2" was given an international release. The two MSX2 games would later be included in the of "Metal ... | 6,129,812 |
536346 | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metal%20Gear%202:%20Solid%20Snake | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake
of the game has been patched to use the revised character portraits rather than the original ones.
## Soundtrack.
The game's music was written by Konami Kukeiha Club members Tsuyoshi Sekito, Masahiro Ikariko, Mutsuhiko Izumi, Yuko Kurahashi, Tomoya Tomita, Kazuhiko Uehara, and Yuji Takenouch... | 6,129,813 |
536346 | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metal%20Gear%202:%20Solid%20Snake | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake
Additionally, "Integral" features two hidden tunes based on "Metal Gear 2" available via a secret codec frequency in the main game. One is an arranged version of the "Theme of Solid Snake", while the other is an arrangement of "Zanzibar Breeze" (both listenable by contacting CODEC frequency 14... | 6,129,814 |
536346 | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metal%20Gear%202:%20Solid%20Snake | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake
by retro game reviewers. According to Paul Soth of GameSpy, the game surpassed its predecessor "Metal Gear" in every way. In addition to praising the gameplay, he also praised the game's "gripping, well written storyline" for its "rich characterization" and its "same quality of storytelling th... | 6,129,815 |
536346 | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metal%20Gear%202:%20Solid%20Snake | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake
ever seen," and that "the game's focus on constant backtracking and keycard acquisition makes it too repetitive." They concluded that "only diehard fans will find the experience rewarding" and that the best way to play the game is through the bonus disc of "Metal Gear Solid 3: Subsistence".
T... | 6,129,816 |
536346 | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metal%20Gear%202:%20Solid%20Snake | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake
released a decade later in 2000. "Retro Gamer" also included it among top ten MSX games. Jeremy Parish of 1UP.com referred to "Metal Gear Solid" as "basically a high-spec remake of "Metal Gear 2"." Nickolai Adkins of 1UP also noted how much of the scenario and plot elements in "Metal Gear 2" w... | 6,129,817 |
536346 | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metal%20Gear%202:%20Solid%20Snake | Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake
f 1UP.com referred to "Metal Gear Solid" as "basically a high-spec remake of "Metal Gear 2"." Nickolai Adkins of 1UP also noted how much of the scenario and plot elements in "Metal Gear 2" were recycled in "Metal Gear Solid", ranging from "Snake emerging from retirement to rescue a kidnapped n... | 6,129,818 |
536372 | While You Were Out | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=While%20You%20Were%20Out | While You Were Out
While You Were Out
While You Were Out was an American reality series that aired episodes on the cable channel TLC. The format of the show is similar to TLC's "Trading Spaces" (which, in turn, is based on the BBC TV series "Changing Rooms"). "While You Were Out" adds a suspenseful gimmick by keeping ... | 6,129,819 |
536372 | While You Were Out | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=While%20You%20Were%20Out | While You Were Out
redone. The person being set up is sent out of the house for two days on a phony premise, such as a vacation.
While the person is out, the friend or family member with the help of a designer redecorates one room in the house, though gardens have also been made over. The initial budget for the makeov... | 6,129,820 |
536372 | While You Were Out | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=While%20You%20Were%20Out | While You Were Out
the redecoration is in progress, a "secret shooter" trails the person who has been sent out of the house and tapes an interview with the unsuspecting person. The footage is then used for the purpose of quizzing the spouse, friend or relative at home. If the person who sets up the individual answers t... | 6,129,821 |
536372 | While You Were Out | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=While%20You%20Were%20Out | While You Were Out
shows was that they openly depicted conflict between the cast, crew and homeowners. These conflicts were usually fairly friendly, but sometimes devolved into rather bitter arguments. "While You Were Out", in particular, revealed many personality quirks of both the cast and guests.
On some occasions,... | 6,129,822 |
536372 | While You Were Out | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=While%20You%20Were%20Out | While You Were Out
there were four quizzes. The individual who was arranging the surprise (referred to as the "homeowner") for their loved one had to answer three of the quizzes. For each quiz there was a "booby prize" in case the homeowner failed the quiz. Normally the "booby prize" was a fun, toy version of the real ... | 6,129,823 |
536372 | While You Were Out | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=While%20You%20Were%20Out | While You Were Out
dark sense of humor. During the Strasser era, the humorously "sneaky" aspect of the show was stressed, and many episodes began with Strasser and the designer hiding in a van or a neighbor's house early in the morning and observing the departure of the unsuspecting makeover subject.
At the beginning ... | 6,129,824 |
536372 | While You Were Out | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=While%20You%20Were%20Out | While You Were Out
approach, Farmer was likely to chide the crew for wasting time or for their personal quirks such as Jason Cameron's sideline as a bodybuilder. New music and some new graphics were introduced, the quizzes were reduced to three, and booby prizes were eliminated. The homeowner only had to answer two qui... | 6,129,825 |
536372 | While You Were Out | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=While%20You%20Were%20Out | While You Were Out
that they essentially gave the prize away.
In the beginning of season 3, the budget was raised to $2,000 and quizzes kept the same. Toward the end of season 3, the quizzes and secret shooter were eliminated entirely. The homeowners also became more involved in the designing of the room.
Originally ... | 6,129,826 |
536372 | While You Were Out | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=While%20You%20Were%20Out | While You Were Out
then, the format changed so that once everything was finished, the truck was driven away and the carpenters were present at the reveals, allowing them to see the reactions and accept the subjects' thanks themselves.
Season 4 was the show's final season, with the concluding episode airing on August 5... | 6,129,827 |
536372 | While You Were Out | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=While%20You%20Were%20Out | While You Were Out
Out"."
Due to the success of the show in Latin America, "Mientras No Estabas" was created for the Discovery En Español channel. The show's name is a literal translation of "While You Were Out" and is hosted by Arturo.
In October 2018, building upon its successful revival of sister series "Trading S... | 6,129,828 |
536372 | While You Were Out | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=While%20You%20Were%20Out | While You Were Out
but HGTV aired a recut of the episode that focused more upon the renovation itself (with TLC's version focusing more on the participants and their personal lives)..
# Other variations.
Over the series, the producers have created different formats of the show including:
- Bringing in designers or c... | 6,129,829 |
536372 | While You Were Out | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=While%20You%20Were%20Out | While You Were Out
shopping for supplies on what is called day 0 (the day before general taping).
- Remaking a room with a celebrity guest. These guests have included Penn Jillette (for his partner, Teller), Shannon Elizabeth (for her then-husband), Miss Alabama 2003 Catherine Crosby (for her then-boyfriend), and foot... | 6,129,830 |
536372 | While You Were Out | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=While%20You%20Were%20Out | While You Were Out
Dacoda, celebrity guest Stacy "Fergie" Ferguson and a budget of $10,000.
- For one episode shot near Atlantic City NJ. the home owner allowed Farmer, designer Chase Dacoda and the day's carpenters to gamble with $500 of the budget money the day before investing any winnings into the makeover, the cr... | 6,129,831 |
536372 | While You Were Out | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=While%20You%20Were%20Out | While You Were Out
seamstress for Leslie, while designer John Bruce filled in as carpenter for Dan-Jumbo).
# Cast.
A list of the crew is as follows:
## Original run (2002–2006).
### Hosts.
- Evan Farmer (season 2 - 4)
- Teresa Strasser (season 1, episodes 11-60)
- Anna Bocci (season 1, episodes 1-10)
### Design... | 6,129,832 |
536372 | While You Were Out | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=While%20You%20Were%20Out | While You Were Out
Andrew Dan-Jumbo (season 1 - 4)
- Troy Dunn (season 1)
- Jennifer Ann Halpern (season 1)
- Adrienne Haitz (season 1)
- Jaqui Jameson (season 1)
- Leslie Segrete (season 1 - 4)
## Revival (2019–present).
### Host.
- Ananda Lewis
### Designers.
For the revival, designers from TLC's "Trading S... | 6,129,833 |
536372 | While You Were Out | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=While%20You%20Were%20Out | While You Were Out
Designers.
For the revival, designers from TLC's "Trading Spaces" and various HGTV and DIY Network shows will work as teams of two. The teams are as follows:
#### TLC.
- Carter Oosterhouse and Sabrina Soto
- Doug Wilson and Kahi Lee
- Frank Bielec and Vern Yip
- Hildi Santo-Tomas and Ty Penning... | 6,129,834 |
536373 | Marine reptile | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marine%20reptile | Marine reptile
Marine reptile
Marine reptiles are reptiles which have become secondarily adapted for an aquatic or semiaquatic life in a marine environment.
The earliest marine reptiles arose in the Permian period during the Paleozoic era. During the Mesozoic era, many groups of reptiles became adapted to life in the... | 6,129,835 |
536373 | Marine reptile | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marine%20reptile | Marine reptile
variety of species in the early Cenozoic, such as "true" sea turtles, bothremydids, palaeophiid snakes, a few choristoderes such as "Simoedosaurus" and dyrosaurid crocodylomorphs. Various types of marine gavialid crocodilians remained widespread as recently as the Late Miocene.
Currently, of the approxi... | 6,129,836 |
536373 | Marine reptile | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marine%20reptile | Marine reptile
and gave birth in the water. Others, such as sea turtles and saltwater crocodiles, return to shore to lay their eggs. Some marine reptiles also occasionally rest and bask on land.
# Extant (living) varieties.
- Sea turtles: there are seven extant species of sea turtles, which live mostly along the trop... | 6,129,837 |
536373 | Marine reptile | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marine%20reptile | Marine reptile
reptiles, there are over 60 different species of sea snakes. They inhabit the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indian and Pacific oceans, though very limited reports of sightings suggest they may be extending into the Atlantic ocean. Sea snakes are venomous and their bites have been known to be fat... | 6,129,838 |
536373 | Marine reptile | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marine%20reptile | Marine reptile
the water, they do nest on land and need to bask in the sun to reach their ideal body temperature; they are thus also subject to terrestrial predators.
- Saltwater and American crocodiles: none of the extant species of crocodiles is truly marine; however, the saltwater crocodile ("Crocodylus porosus") d... | 6,129,839 |
536373 | Marine reptile | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marine%20reptile | Marine reptile
six meters in length. American crocodiles ("Crocodylus acutus") similarly prefer brackish over freshwater habitats.
# Conservation.
Most species of marine reptiles are considered endangered to some degree. All but one species of sea turtles are endangered due to destruction of nesting habitats on coast... | 6,129,840 |
536313 | Polycarbonate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polycarbonate | Polycarbonate
Polycarbonate
Polycarbonates (PC) are a group of thermoplastic polymers containing carbonate groups in their chemical structures. Polycarbonates used in engineering are strong, tough materials, and some grades are optically transparent. They are easily worked, molded, and thermoformed. Because of these p... | 6,129,841 |
536313 | Polycarbonate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polycarbonate | Polycarbonate
polycarbonates between commodity plastics and engineering plastics.
# Production.
The main polycarbonate material is produced by the reaction of bisphenol A (BPA) and phosgene . The overall reaction can be written as follows:
The first step of the synthesis involves treatment of bisphenol A with sodium... | 6,129,842 |
536313 | Polycarbonate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polycarbonate | Polycarbonate
and dihydroxybenzophenone). The cyclohexane is used as a comonomer to suppress crystallisation tendency of the BPA-derived product. Tetrabromobisphenol A is used to enhance fire resistance. Tetramethylcyclobutanediol has been developed as a replacement for BPA.
An alternative route to polycarbonates enta... | 6,129,843 |
536313 | Polycarbonate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polycarbonate | Polycarbonate
a hard coating is applied to polycarbonate eyewear lenses and polycarbonate exterior automotive components. The characteristics of polycarbonate compare to those of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, acrylic), but polycarbonate is stronger and will hold up longer to extreme temperature. Polycarbonate is highl... | 6,129,844 |
536313 | Polycarbonate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polycarbonate | Polycarbonate
is lower as a result. The toughest grades have the highest molecular mass, but are much more difficult to process.
Unlike most thermoplastics, polycarbonate can undergo large plastic deformations without cracking or breaking. As a result, it can be processed and formed at room temperature using sheet met... | 6,129,845 |
536313 | Polycarbonate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polycarbonate | Polycarbonate
transformation techniques for polycarbonate resins:
- extrusion into tubes, rods and other profiles including multiwall
- extrusion with cylinders (calenders) into sheets () and films (below ), which can be used directly or manufactured into other shapes using thermoforming or secondary fabrication tech... | 6,129,846 |
536313 | Polycarbonate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polycarbonate | Polycarbonate
electrical insulator and having heat-resistant and flame-retardant properties, it is used in various products associated with electrical and telecommunications hardware. It can also serve as a dielectric in high-stability capacitors. However, commercial manufacture of polycarbonate capacitors mostly stopp... | 6,129,847 |
536313 | Polycarbonate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polycarbonate | Polycarbonate
polycarbonate is the production of Compact Discs, DVDs, and Blu-ray Discs. These discs are produced by injection molding polycarbonate into a mold cavity that has on one side a metal stamper containing a negative image of the disc data, while the other mold side is a mirrored surface.
## Automotive, airc... | 6,129,848 |
536313 | Polycarbonate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polycarbonate | Polycarbonate
is the dominant material for making automotive headlamp lenses. However, automotive headlamps require outer surface coatings because of its low scratch resistance and susceptibility to ultraviolet degradation (yellowing). The use of polycarbonate in automotive applications is limited to low stress applica... | 6,129,849 |
536313 | Polycarbonate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polycarbonate | Polycarbonate
barriers of transparent plastic used in teller's windows and barriers in banks are also polycarbonate.
The third generation Mazda MX-5 was offered with a Power Retractable Hard Top (PRHT) variant that uses a folding hardtop made of polycarbonate, which added only to the weight of a comparably equipped so... | 6,129,850 |
536313 | Polycarbonate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polycarbonate | Polycarbonate
the major railway operator in Indonesia, uses polycarbonate solid sheet for their engine and passenger cars fleet since 2016 due to high train stone throwing frequency.
## Other applications.
Polycarbonate, being a versatile material with attractive processing and physical properties, has attracted myri... | 6,129,851 |
536313 | Polycarbonate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polycarbonate | Polycarbonate
other projectile-resistant viewing and lighting applications that would normally indicate the use of glass, but require much higher impact-resistance. Polycarbonate lenses also protect the eye from UV light. Many kinds of lenses are manufactured from polycarbonate, including automotive headlamp lenses, li... | 6,129,852 |
536313 | Polycarbonate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polycarbonate | Polycarbonate
production include applications in advertisement (signs, displays, poster protection). But also applications as automotive safety glazing (ECE R 43).
The light weight of polycarbonate as opposed to glass has led to development of electronic display screens that replace glass with polycarbonate, for use i... | 6,129,853 |
536313 | Polycarbonate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polycarbonate | Polycarbonate
are becoming popular for serving alcohol because of their strength, durability, and glass-like feel.
Other miscellaneous items include durable, lightweight luggage, MP3/digital audio player cases, ocarinas, computer cases, fountain pens, riot shields, instrument panels, tealight candle containers and ble... | 6,129,854 |
536313 | Polycarbonate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polycarbonate | Polycarbonate
to injection moulding and extrusion companies. Other applications including polycarbonate sheet may have the anti-UV layer added as a special coating or a coextrusion for enhanced weathering resistance.
Polycarbonate is also used as a printing substrate for nameplates and other forms of industrial grade ... | 6,129,855 |
536313 | Polycarbonate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polycarbonate | Polycarbonate
applications and comply with both ISO 10993-1 and USP Class VI standards (occasionally referred to as PC-ISO). Class VI is the most stringent of the six USP ratings. These grades can be sterilized using steam at 120 °C, gamma radiation, or by the ethylene oxide (EtO) method. However, scientific research i... | 6,129,856 |
536313 | Polycarbonate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polycarbonate | Polycarbonate
polycarbonate-base in their phones starting with the N9's unibody case in 2011. This practice continues with various phones in the Lumia series. Samsung has started using polycarbonate with Galaxy S III's battery cover in 2012 and this practice continues with various other phones in the Galaxy series. App... | 6,129,857 |
536313 | Polycarbonate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polycarbonate | Polycarbonate
patented the first linear polycarbonate. The brand name "Merlon" was registered in 1955, and later changed to Makrolon in the 1980s.
Also in 1953, and one week after the patent was submitted by Bayer, Daniel Fox at General Electric in Schenectady, New York, independently submitted a closely related paten... | 6,129,858 |
536313 | Polycarbonate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polycarbonate | Polycarbonate
in 2007. There are many applications for the LEXAN polycarbonate. One of them is patented production of the motorcycle helmets that meet the worldwide safety standards and requirements for this type of safety equipment. Their patented innovative Vision Protection System (VPS) is specific treatment of poly... | 6,129,859 |
536313 | Polycarbonate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polycarbonate | Polycarbonate
bisphenol A (BPA):
More than 100 studies have explored the bioactivity of bisphenol A derived from polycarbonates. Bisphenol A appeared to be released from polycarbonate animal cages into water at room temperature and it may have been responsible for enlargement of the reproductive organs of female mice.... | 6,129,860 |
536313 | Polycarbonate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polycarbonate | Polycarbonate
find no significant effects whereas government-funded studies tend to find significant effects.
Sodium hypochlorite bleach and other alkali cleaners catalyze the release of the bisphenol A from polycarbonate containers. Alcohol is one recommended organic solvent for cleaning grease and oils from polycarb... | 6,129,861 |
536313 | Polycarbonate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polycarbonate | Polycarbonate
A (BPA). BPA is a compound that is currently on the list of potential environmental hazardous chemicals. It is on the watch list of many countries, such as United States and Germany.
The leaching of BPA from polycarbonate can also occur at environmental temperature and normal pH (in landfills). The amoun... | 6,129,862 |
536313 | Polycarbonate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polycarbonate | Polycarbonate
such as ketones, phenols, o-phenoxybenzoic acid, benzyl alcohol and other unsaturated compounds. This has been suggested through kinetic and spectral studies. The yellow color formed after long exposure to sun can also be related to further oxidation of phenolic end group
This product can be further oxid... | 6,129,863 |
536313 | Polycarbonate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polycarbonate | Polycarbonate
of covalent bonds, which initiates the photo-aging process. The reaction can be propagated by side chain oxidation, ring oxidation or photo-fries rearrangement. Products formed include phenyl salicylate, dihydroxybenzophenone groups, and hydroxydiphenyl ether groups.
Polycarbonate phenyl salicylate 2,2-d... | 6,129,864 |
536313 | Polycarbonate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polycarbonate | Polycarbonate
optical data disks.
Phenol derivatives are environmental pollutants, classified as volatile organic compounds (VOC). Studies show that they are likely to facilitate ground-level ozone formation and increase photo-chemical smog. In aquatic bodies, they can potentially accumulate in organisms. They are per... | 6,129,865 |
536313 | Polycarbonate | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polycarbonate | Polycarbonate
environmental pollutants, classified as volatile organic compounds (VOC). Studies show that they are likely to facilitate ground-level ozone formation and increase photo-chemical smog. In aquatic bodies, they can potentially accumulate in organisms. They are persistent in landfills, do not readily evapora... | 6,129,866 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
Ford Trimotor
The Ford Trimotor (also called the "Tri-Motor", and nicknamed "The Tin Goose") is an American three-engined transport aircraft. Production started in 1925 by the companies of Henry Ford and ended on June 7, 1933. A total of 199 Ford Trimotors were made. It was designed for the civil aviatio... | 6,129,867 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
cross section at the wing root.
In the early 1920s, Henry Ford, along with a group of 19 other investors including his son Edsel, invested in the Stout Metal Airplane Company. Stout, a bold and imaginative salesman, sent a mimeographed form letter to leading manufacturers, blithely asking for $1,000 and ... | 6,129,868 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
and test-flown with poor results, and a suspicious fire caused the complete destruction of all previous designs, the "4-AT" and "5-AT" emerged.
The Ford Trimotor using all-metal construction was not a revolutionary concept, but it was certainly more advanced than the standard construction techniques of t... | 6,129,869 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
the Junkers K 16 high-wing airliner of 1921, and the Junkers G 24 trimotor of 1924. All of these were constructed of aluminum alloy, which was corrugated for added stiffness, although the resulting drag reduced its overall performance. So similar were the designs that Junkers sued and won when Ford attemp... | 6,129,870 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
increase cargo capacity, one unusual feature was the provision of "drop-down" cargo holds below the lower inner wing sections of the 5-AT version.
One 4-AT with Wright J-4 200-hp engines was built for the U.S. Army Air Corps as the C-3, and seven with Wright R-790-3 (235 hp) as C-3As. The latter were upg... | 6,129,871 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
sheet-metal body and wings. Unlike many aircraft of this era, extending through World War II, its control surfaces (ailerons, elevators, and rudders) were not fabric-covered, but were also made of corrugated metal. As was common for the time, its rudder and elevators were actuated by metal cables that wer... | 6,129,872 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
of a metal structure and simple systems led to their reputation for ruggedness. Rudimentary service could be accomplished "in the field" with ground crews able to work on engines using scaffolding and platforms. To fly into otherwise-inaccessible sites, the Ford Trimotor could be fitted with skis or float... | 6,129,873 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
helped introduce many aspects of the modern aviation infrastructure, including paved runways, passenger terminals, hangars, airmail, and radio navigation.
In the late 1920s, the Ford Aircraft Division was reputedly the "largest manufacturer of commercial airplanes in the world." Alongside the Ford Trimot... | 6,129,874 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
bombers under license from Consolidated Aircraft.
William Stout left the Metal Airplane division of the Ford Motor Company in 1930. He continued to operate the Stout Engineering Laboratory, producing various aircraft. In 1954, Stout purchased the rights to the Ford Trimotor in an attempt to produce new e... | 6,129,875 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
plus some experimental craft. Well over 100 airlines of the world flew the Ford Trimotor. From mid-1927, the type was also flown on executive transportation duties by several commercial nonairline operators, including oil and manufacturing companies.
The impact of the Ford Trimotor on commercial aviation... | 6,129,876 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
with a deluxe Pullman train that would be based in New York being the first part of the journey. Passengers then met a Trimotor in Port Columbus, Ohio, that would begin a hop across the continent ending at Waynoka, Oklahoma, where another train would take the passengers to Clovis, New Mexico, where the fi... | 6,129,877 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
West to Havana, Cuba, in 1927. Eventually, Pan American extended service from North America and Cuba into Central and South America in the late 1920s and early 1930s. One of Latin America's earliest airlines, Cubana de Aviación, was the first to use the Ford Trimotor in Latin America, starting in 1930, fo... | 6,129,878 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
continued to fly into the 1960s, with numerous examples being converted into cargo transports to further lengthen their careers, and when World War II began, the commercial versions were soon modified for military applications.
Some of the significant flights made by the Ford Trimotor in this period grea... | 6,129,879 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
commercial flight from the United States to Mexico City, as well as the first commercial flight over the Canadian Rockies. After damage on landing in 1936, it was grounded and remained for decades at Carcross, Yukon. In 1956, the wreck was salvaged and preserved, and in the mid 1980s, Greg Herrick took ov... | 6,129,880 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
that Byrd named the "Floyd Bennett". This was one of three aircraft taken on this polar expedition, with the other two being named "The Stars and Stripes" and "The Virginian", replacing the Fokker Trimotors that Byrd previously used.
A Ford Trimotor was used for the flight of Elm Farm Ollie, the first co... | 6,129,881 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
flight in 1937. Movie stunt flyer Jimmie Mattern flew a specially modified Lockheed Electra along with fellow movie flyer, Garland Lincoln, flying a stripped-down Trimotor donated by the president of Superior Oil Company. With 1,800 gallons of avgas and 450 gallons of oil in the modified cabin, the Trimot... | 6,129,882 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
weather the following day. The Trimotor was abandoned on the tundra.
One of the major uses of the Trimotor after it was superseded as a passenger aircraft by more modern aircraft like the Boeing 247 (1933) or the Douglas DC-2 (1934), then DC-3, was the carrying of heavy freight to mining operations in ju... | 6,129,883 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
postwar years, the Ford Trimotors continued in limited service with small, regional air carriers. One of the most famous was the Scenic Airways Ford Trimotor N414H which was used for 65 years as a sightseeing aircraft flying over the Grand Canyon. The aircraft is still in use as of late 2011, mainly for p... | 6,129,884 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
accommodation for two pilots and eight passengers; one built.
- Ford 4-AT-A: The original production version, similar to the Ford 4-AT prototype; 14 built.
- Ford 4-AT-B: Improved version, powered by three 220-hp (165-kW) Wright J-5 Whirlwind radial piston engines, accommodation for two pilots and 12 pa... | 6,129,885 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
nine-cylinder radial piston engines; 24 built.
- Ford 4-AT-F: One aircraft similar to the Ford 4-AT-E.
- Ford 5-AT-A: Enlarged version, powered by three 420-hp (320-kW) Pratt & Whitney Wasp radial piston engines, accommodation for two pilots and 13 passengers, the wingspan was increased by ; three built... | 6,129,886 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
version, powered by three 450-hp (340-kW) Pratt & Whitney Wasp SC radial piston engines. The wings were mounted higher, to increase cabin headroom, but otherwise similar to the Ford 5-AT-C; 20 built.
- Ford 5-AT-DS: Seaplane version, fitted with Edo floats; one built.
- Ford 5-AT-E: Proposed version, th... | 6,129,887 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
Ford 8-AT: One Ford 5-AT-C converted into a single engine freight transport aircraft. Six different engines ranging from to were installed.
- Ford 9-AT: Redesignation of a single Ford 4-AT-B, fitted with three 300-hp Pratt & Whitney Wasp radial piston engines.
- Ford 11-AT: Redesignation of a single For... | 6,129,888 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
(W engines: 3 x 6 cylinders), accommodation for two pilots and 40 passengers.
- Ford XB-906: One Ford 5-AT-D was converted into a three-engined bomber aircraft.
## United States military designations.
- XC-3: One 4-AT-A evaluated by the United States Army Air Corps, redesignated C-3 after evaluation.
... | 6,129,889 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
Wasp piston engines; four built
- C-4B: One C-4A re-engined with three 450-hp R-1340-7 engines.
- C-9: Redesignation of all seven C-3As fitted with 300-hp (224 Kw) Wright R-975-1 radial piston engines
- XJR-1: One Model 4-AT-A for evaluation by the United States Navy
- JR-2: Military transport version... | 6,129,890 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
for one 5-AT-C
- RR-5: Designation for two 4-AT-D, one each for the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marines
# Operators.
## Civil operators.
- "SACO"
- "SCADTA"
- BYN Co.(British Yukon Navigation Company) CF-AZB flew in the Yukon from April 1936 until damaged in August 1940.
- "Cubana"
- Czechoslovak Airlines
... | 6,129,891 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
Transcontinental Air Transport
- Transcontinental & Western Air (TWA)
- United Air Lines
- Wien Air Alaska
- "AVENSA"
## Military operators.
- Royal Australian Air Force
- No. 24 Squadron RAAF
- Royal Canadian Air Force
- Colombian Air Force
- Spanish Republican Air Force
- Royal Air Force
- N... | 6,129,892 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
into a railroad freight car loaded with sand, killing 14 of the 15 people on board the aircraft. At the time, it was the deadliest airplane accident in American history.
- On April 21, 1929, a Maddux Air Lines 5-AT-B Tri-Motor, "NC9636", collided with a United States Army Air Service (USAAS) Boeing PW-9D... | 6,129,893 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
crashed into Mount Taylor near Grants, New Mexico in a thunderstorm; all eight people on board died.
- On January 19, 1930, a Maddux Air Lines 5-AT-C Tri-Motor, "NC9689", operating as Flight 7, crashed near Oceanside, California due to adverse weather conditions, killing all 16 on board.
- On June 24, 1... | 6,129,894 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
are 18 Ford Trimotors in existence, eight of which have current FAA airworthiness certificates.
## Airworthy.
- C/N:10 tail number: "N1077" (4-AT-B, September 1927) The "C-1077, G-CARC Niagara" Currently owned by: Greg Herrick's Yellowstone Aviation, Inc. It is the oldest flying Trimotor with C/N(Constr... | 6,129,895 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
owned by: Mamer Flying Service, Spokane, WA. Currently Owned By: Ron Pratte's Collectible Aircraft, LLC. It is based at Chandler Stellar Air Park in Chandler, Arizona, USA.
- C/N:69 tail number: "N8407" (4-AT-E, 1929) Originally owned by: Eastern Air Transport Currently owned by: The Experimental Aircraf... | 6,129,896 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
in Port Clinton, Ohio, USA. It was previously owned by Evergreen Vintage Aircraft, Inc., and previously based at the Evergreen Aviation Museum, McMinnville, Oregon, USA.
- C/N:34 tail number: "N9651" (5-AT-B, 1929) - The "City of Philadelphia" Originally owned by: Trans Continental Air Transport. Current... | 6,129,897 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
is a rebuild of several 5-AT aircraft, including the original, which served with five carriers before being purchased for use by the United States Forest Service between 1951 and 1959. The original crashed and burned on August 4, 1959, while landing at a remote strip in the Nez Perce National Forest, kill... | 6,129,898 |
536357 | Ford Trimotor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford%20Trimotor | Ford Trimotor
owned by: Ford Motor Company. Currently Owned By: Henry Ford Museum. It is on display at The Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan, USA.
- C/N:46 tail number: "N7861" (4-AT-B, Unknown) (Not in FAA records) Originally owned by: Union Electric, St. Louis. Currently owned by: National Museum of Naval Avia... | 6,129,899 |
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